Essays on Spectrum

Definition

Neurodevelopmental disorders are defined as impairments of the development and growth of the central nervous system or the brain (Reynolds and Goldstein, 1999 p.3). Neurodevelopmental disorders affect the brain’s function that deals with memory, the learning ability and emotions, and they become more intense as the individual grows (Reynolds and Goldstein, 1999 p. 4-8). Autism is considered a neurodevelopmental disorder distinguished by a range of impairments, including problems with communication (verbal and non-verbal) and any social interaction as well as behavioral problems (American Psychiatric Association, 2000). Individuals with autism find it difficult to process information, mainly due to Continue reading...

Diamond has several applications: it is used for decoration, to manufacture high quality stereo equipment in addition to being included in cutting instruments. It is therefore important to determine the quality of the diamond. This can be done a simple, nondestructive method that is known as Raman spectroscopy. This method is used in the characterization of the morphology of the molecules of carbon materials. The bands that are detected on the Raman spectrum are dependent on the frequency of the vibrations which is attributed to the bonds within the molecule. This technique has several applications in diamond science: it Continue reading...

Introduction

Wireless networking has been a technology that has been adopted by many organizations and individuals as a media of communication. This has been due to the fact that many devices have been developed that can use the wireless spectrum. Though wireless spectrum has been there and has been used for as early as 1990s, the use has not been regulated and there has been wasted spectrum. Of importance is radio spectrum. The radio spectrum has been there for a long time. The spectrum has been wasted due to the fact that radios have been programmed into the hardware and Continue reading...

Introduction

The radio wireless spectrum has been the main medium of communication for many years. The military has extensively made use of this medium of communication. With the proliferation of wireless gadgets, there has been increased use of wireless networks. The radio spectrum has been criticized for its wastage of space and spectrum. There are sections which have been allocated to various functions. The most unfortunate thing is that there are some sections which have not been fully utilized. This probes for questions as to how these unused sections can be made use of productively. Another issue with radio spectrum Continue reading...

In the following essay, we shall discuss a neurodevelopmental disorder and a neurocognitive disorder. Neurodevelopmental disorders like Autism Spectrum disorders constitute a wide variety of diseases that mainly translate into behavioral deficit in children affected by it. Autistic children often show reduced social skills and being a heterogeneous spectrum no two patients are exactly similar. Neurocognitive disorders can range from mild to extreme and can be caused by various other diseases. HIV Associated Neurocognitive Disorder or HAND has emerged as one of the most prominent neurodegenerative disorders in the recent past(Mayer, 2013).

Autism Spectrum Disorder

Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder; recent Continue reading...

Introduction

There is much technological advancement in the modern times that could greatly affect the daily lives of the people. One of these brilliant inventions is the Wi-Fi. Wi-Fi is a technology that could be used to connect the devices into the internet or into a wireless Local Area Network (LAN) (Katz, 2006). With this technology, changing information and data could become more mobile since people would not need cables and connectors to connect the devices into a network. Wi-Fi accelerated the technological advancement of exchanging data and accessing to the internet. It is not easy imagining life in the Continue reading...

Parental Involvement and Early Intervention for Children with Autism 2

Introduction
The purpose of this study is to determine if parental training and early intervention for parents of children with Autism is beneficial. In recent years. The incidence of children diagnosed with Autism and Autism Spectrum Disorder has dramatically increased. Many studies have indicated that early intervention techniques for children with Autism is beneficial in their development. Often these interventions are provided by professionals such as speech and language pathologists, occupational therapists and behavioral therapists. These early interventions can be obtained either privately or through early intervention programs provided by school systems. Training for Parents can be obtained through Continue reading...

Abstract

The field of psychology continues to offer several means of measuring empathy different from the traditionally known empathy measurement styles. Empathy has a relationship with age and autistic spectrum trait of an individual. The research aimed at determining the different AQ scores for adults between 19 and 70 years of age. In addition, the relationship between age and AQ and empathy measurement was investigated. The research used mixed methodology research design where interviews, questionnaires, and surveys were conducted. In addition, the Adult Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ) was used to test autistic like-traits among participants. The research results indicated that Continue reading...

Abstract

Scientists have conducted multiple ab initio calculations to determine the infrared spectra and the array of complexes BrH: NH3, ClH: NH3 and FH: NH3. Additionally, the research incorporates investigating the effects of inert gasses’ atoms on the infrared spectra and arrangements. The scientists constructed a double dimension MP2/6-31+G (d, p) energy surface for complexes XH: NH3. The two-facet Schrodinger calculations were solved for the dimer and the proton stretching series. Most complexes have differing infrared spectra even though their equilibrium arrangements are characterized by traditional hydrogen bonds. The grounds (v=0) and (v=1) that are both found in FH.NH3 Continue reading...

Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) refer to a group of several neurodevelopment syndromes that havedisorders having a poorly understood etiology. Mental The term ASD has been used by several mental health professionals use the term ASD to represent not only classic autism but also Asperger syndrome, Rett syndrome, CDD and PDD-NOS (NHS 2012)—disorders that refer to syndromes that share the same impairments (Romero-Munguia 2013).HYPERLINK "http://en.plagiarismdetect.com/plagiarism/index/8c2ae26f5e9428176d21bb1f0bea960009307af6/25242?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ablockabove.com%2Fwhy-fluency" \t "_blank"Romero-Munguia 2013). These are autistic disorder, Asperger syndrome (AS), and pervasive developmental disorder – not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS), also known as atypical autism (NHS 2012). ASD  is characterized Continue reading...

1.0 Pivotal response therapy (PRT)
Pivotal response therapy/treatment/training is one of the early behavioral intervention techniques developed for management of autism. This techniques is built on the premise that autism interferes with “pivotal behaviors” that ultimately underlie other behaviors are deficient in autistic children. The pivotal behaviors/areas are initiating activities, motivation, self-management, feelings and responding to multiple/complicated cues (signals). PRT therefore aims at increasing pivotal behaviors, particularly motivation, which would in turn enhance generalization. The autistic child chooses the activity and is rewarded (positive reinforcement) for every correct responses or attempt. As such, PRT trains the child to respond Continue reading...

Introduction (Summary)

A society is a connected group of individuals enabled by a long evolutionary process that enables them to acquire the skills necessary to survive in a tight social structure. It is difficult, but possible, to capture the structure of society in a model and apply the same model to navigate different problems and achieve objectives. While humans have become socially competent after many years of evolution, artificially intelligent systems need an explicit way in which they can represent, make and justify their decisions. Several approaches have been suggested over time through research. In robotics, models have been applied with Continue reading...

Wireless technology has perhaps been one of the most important and significant of the human inventions. In most simple and lucid terms, Wireless Technology refers to technology that relies on waves like radio waves, electromagnetic waves, Infrared waves etc. rather than the conventional and traditional wires. Thus it is a broad terms that refers to all communication techniques or processes sans wires. Having evolved over the years, Wireless Technologies today impact humans a great deal. They form an imperative part of the lives of the people across the globe.
Wireless Technologies have evolved over the years, but they have Continue reading...

Public awareness about autism has increased nowadays with the prevalence of information coming from different media sources and an expanding knowledge based from scientific research and literature. It afflicts approximately 6 out of 1,000 children and similar to other neurodevelopmental disabilities, not ‘curable.’ Thus children diagnosed with autism would need chronic management throughout their lives.
Autism is a group of development brain disorders now presented as Autism Spectrum Disorders or ASD. The term spectrum denotes a wide range of symptoms, skills and levels of impairment or disability a child with ASD can have. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual Continue reading...

Introduction

The orbital velocity of the earth can be calculated in reference to other objects in space such as stars. A spectrum of the object can be used because the Doppler shift of the earth’s movement can be measured. The earth is moves closer to objects during one half of its orbital path. This is recorded on the spectrum as red shifted light. On the half of its orbit it is moving away from the object and the spectrum measures this movement as blue-shifted light.

Objective

This experiment uses the star named Arcturus to measure the spectrum shift during earth’ Continue reading...

Mental disorders presently affect a large proportion of world population. The World Health Organization (2012)conducted a status survey, which found that a significant chunk of the world population suffers from various degrees of a wide assemblage of mental disorders. According to the World Health Organization Report (2012), over 350 million people suffer from depression all over the world. In a conflict between, Nature vs. Nurture, scientific community stands divided on the contribution of genetics on Psychiatric disorders and illness. However through this essay, I will put forward arguments based on scientific findings that showcase the contribution of genetics Continue reading...

The spectrum challenge addressed in the article indicates that, students as well as individual radio hobbyists with technological expertise and skills demonstrated their capabilities to participate in the cooperative and the competitive tournaments. In the first instance, the competitors attempted to effectively share the spectrum as they transmitted random data files from their source to destination radios. However, in the competitive tournament, two teams sought domination of the spectrum, with the winner being the first to transmit all its files within three minutes from the source radio to the destination radio. In order to ensure fairness, DARPA provided all Continue reading...

In photography, light and color are arguably the most important considerations to a photographer. In fact, any photograph, whether taken in natural light or through the warm radiance of an incandescent light, always captures the effect of light on objects. When light falls on an object, the object absorbs a given proportion of the color spectrum and ultimately reflects back the remaining colors. The portion of the color spectrum that fails to be absorbed but is reflected back is usually the color of the object as it appears to the human eye. Surprisingly, both the artificial incandescent and the Continue reading...

PART A

Fowler and Brenner, in their paper, argue that the regulation of broadcasters as public trustees should be replaced entirely with a policy which views broadcasters as marketplace participants who are governed by the rules and forces that govern the marketplace. In the paper, they argue that communications policy by the Federal Communications Commission should be directed towards the improvement and maximization of the services that the public desires by making an adjustment of definition of public demand and specifying the categories to serve this redefined demand. This, they argue, should enable the commission to change its policy and determine Continue reading...

Electronic spectroscopy is divided into two: Ultraviolet and Spectroscopy. Electronic spectroscopy is the earliest method of molecular spectroscopy and includes a phenomenon of interaction of molecules with ultra violet lights and visible lights. Absorption of photo results on electronic transition of molecules and electrons are promoted form ground state to higher electronic states. In the display of strata, spectra take the forms of horizontal scales, vertical scales, Ultra violet rays, and ORD. All the scales taken use wavelengths. Electronic spectra originated from the absorption of light photons by molecule results in electronic excitation of molecules with chromospheres. The electronic Continue reading...

1. Abstract
The sodium iodide scintillator detector is a very important type of inorganic scintillators. The main function of this scintillator is to detect gamma rays by interaction of ionizing radiation and the materials of that scintillator. In this experiment, we learned the applications of this detector and how the process of detecting happens.
2. Introduction
This lab experiment is designed to make the student learn about scintillation detectors and how do they detect gamma and beta ray such as the effect of a sodium iodide NaI(Tl) scintillator. This type of detector the scintillation materials interact with ionizing Continue reading...

Communication Issues for Children with Autism

Introduction
Autism spectrum disorders are a collection of developmental disorders that have been increasing over the past decades. Autism affects every aspect of the child’s development, especially verbal and speech development (Parr, 2010). The communication challenges facing a child who has been diagnosed with autism is an important topic. Millions of parent with autistic children long to have normal communication with their children and the whole experience of having simple conversations with this child can be an overwhelming experience. Parents with the autism spectrum disorder (ASD) diagnosis report in their hand already are well aware of the differences Continue reading...

Abstract

Autism is autism is an ancient disorder that was first described by The Swiss psychiatrist, Eugene Blueler. Initially, researchers thought that autism and schizophrenia were the same or related, but after various studies, the distinction between the two was made. The disorder mainly disrupts the process that information is taken through in the brain. This includes the formation and transmission. The difference is exhibited in the way the victims interact, behave, learn and communicate. Boys are at higher risk of developing this disorder than girls. In addition, when compared to other ethnicities, Hispanics have a low chance of developing Continue reading...

Effects of the classroom environment on students with autism spectrum disorder

Thinking
Having the flair for teaching I have considered learning is the crucial process for an individual’s overall development. At the same time, I have witnessed the difficulties encountered by the students with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD), at different instances. I remember some of my classmates and some others in my close circles who suffer from the same, how challenging was the learning process to them. Such individuals have issues with communication, social interaction, imagination and sensory processing. All these make a classroom environment and learning process a nightmare for them. They fail to understand and communicate with Continue reading...

1086F Origin and Geology of the Solar System

- Introduction
An exoplanet is a term used to describe a planet that is located outside the solar system that includes the Earth (exoplanet, 2013). Astronomer Peter van Kamp made the first announcement of the discovery of an exoplanet in 1963, however, that discovery failed to hold up over time and now has been conclusively disproved (Matson, 2013). The first exoplanet discovery that has stood the test of time was the discovery of two bodies orbiting a neutron star in a system named PSR 1257+12 (Wolszczan and Frail, 1992). Wolszczan and Frail calculated that the masses of these Continue reading...

Pick two articles from peer-reviewed journals that deal with the education of individuals with autism. Articles should be published in peer-reviewed journals. Prepare a summary of both articles.

The review considers the research available regarding the effectiveness of professionals using intensive behavior therapy for those with autism or those with autistic spectrum disorder in an inclusive schooling environment. The thesis of the article is that whilst research agrees that applied behavioral behavior therapy is commonly believed to be the most effective treatment in this environment the basis of this research is unreliable. The review asserts that research undertaken in Continue reading...

“Carers’ experiences of being exposed to challenging behaviour in services for autism spectrum disorders”: An Article Review

Challenging behavior is a common activity that can be encountered in our daily lifestyle. Its definition takes account of behaviors that are abnormal in reference with cultural or traditional practices; and its potency can put other people to harm. Behavior under this category leads a person to be restricted from communal facilities.
This paper would review the article entitled Carers’ experiences of being exposed to challenging behavior in services for autism spectrum disorders. In order to give final thoughts about the article, this review will include the definition of the article’s problem, purpose and research question. It would Continue reading...

INTRODUCTION

Autism is one of the most prevalent conditions suffered by many young people. The important question is, does the prevalence represent an epidemic or is it simply been misdiagnosed, under-diagnosed, or over diagnosed? Autism does not manifest in every child the same way and to the same degree; this has earned in the title of a Spectrum disorder, which means that it has a broad range of diagnosis under the umbrella of autism (Web MD 1). In the past people who were perceived as abnormal was simply labeled insane, today we are much clearer at differentiating between different conditions. Continue reading...

The term spectrum refers to the classification of something in the range, according to its characteristics and magnitude. Children who show similar signs of a medical condition are often categorized in one group. Most of them are really different and thus need different treatment (Volkmar, Fred Sally, Rogers, Rhea and Kevin, 70). There are children who would respond to treatment, but there are those with the emotional capability and strength to conquer situations. All of these children are often classified in the same category when diagnosed.
Children who would have otherwise gotten better end up as underachievers because they Continue reading...

Introduction

Autism is a neurobehavioral, developmental disability that involves significant impairment of individuals’ verbal and nonverbal language and social interaction. Other characteristics of autism include markedly short attention span, repetitive activities and rigid behaviors, and inability to treat others as people, resistance to tamper on their daily routines, among others . It covers a variety of communicative skills impairment depending on the levels of symptoms. Generally, it is evident in children prior to age three and hampers their educational performance. The disorder ranges from a handicap that produces a normal life to a devastating disability that calls for institutional attention .
Considering Continue reading...

Introduction

When a child is unable to express himself, his emotions, what he thinks, feels or wants and reacts differently from other children, perhaps he is suffering from a neurodevelopment disorder that is commonly known as autism. This paper intends to discuss autism, its causes, symptoms, and about its treatment along with discussing several other related aspects of the subject.

Background

Autism is a bunch of complex brain disorders that are jointly known as Autism Spectrum Disorder. This Spectrum refers to broad range of issues associated with ASD including difficulties related to communication, normal brain functioning, social mutilation, restricted, dull and Continue reading...

Polyvinylidene fluoride polymer first exhibited the piezoelectric effect in the year 1969 followed by the pyroelectric effect some years later, leading to the development of numerous applications of pyroelectricity and piezoelectricity. PVDF possesses many attractive features as a tactile or touch sensor. Tactile sensors can be used to monitor skin conditions. They find use in minimally invasive surgery. Tanaka et al. developed an active palpitation sensor to detect hypertrophy and prostate cancer. Pyroelectric and piezoelectric polymers help in energy conversion. The Energy Harvesting Eel device created by Taylor et al. used piezoelectric polymers for the conversion of mechanical flow Continue reading...

Fast D. and Conry, J. (2009). Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders and the Criminal Justice System.

Developmental Disabilities Research Review 15: 250 – 257.

This paper examines the relationship between the long-life nervous syndrome that is found in people with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASDs) and their participation in the criminal justice system. According to the article, the FASDs are caused by exposure to alcohol during the prenatal stage. The article provides some of the disabilities associated with people having the FASDs to include poor judgment, learning disabilities, and social ineptness. The authors argue that the foregoing disabilities make people predisposed to unfair treatment and increased involvement in Continue reading...

What is sunlight?

The sun provides tirelessly every square meter of the earth's surface, which it attacks, with an average of about 1370 watts of power (in the form of electromagnetic radiation). We say that the sun burns, but actually it does not. Instead, the sun is a giant nuclear reactor (Layton & Freudenrich, 2000). This solar energy is called the solar constant, since it does not change, except for minor fluctuations. Solar energy is sent in the form of light waves. Light is an electromagnetic wave. The frequency of light - or how fast the waves vibrate - determines the differences in Continue reading...

Historical Overview on the Development of Learning Theories

There are several theories that describe how a person learns. These theories stem from the fact that the learning ability of one person is unique from the other. Learning is a relatively permanent modification in behavior to include the observed activity and the internal processes involved such as thinking, attitudes and emotions. Some studies also include motivation as part of the definition of the learning process. The manifestations of learning cannot be noticed immediately in the observable behavior of an individual. However, the manifestation takes place after the educational program is introduced to the person (Dunn, 2002).
The origins Continue reading...

Introduction

21st century is the age of connectivity, a fast, smooth and convenient internet and other means such s 3G and 4G to address the ever-increasing connectivity demands. To cope with such demands, various operators have shifted from the age-old copper made wires to the sophisticated optic fiber based cables. The reason is that optic fiber allows more data to travel in a single pass, and it is easy to deploy. Furthermore, optic fiber allows much hedger speeds to cope with ever-increasing challenges in connectivity and entertainment sources. It is however; however, shifting from vintage copper wire to an optic Continue reading...

Autism spectrum disorders, abbreviated ASDs refer to a group of disabilities that occur during development causing a significant communication, social and behavioral challenges. People suffering from ASDs manage information in the brain in a different way than how other people manage the information (Lord, Cook, Leventhal, & Amaral, 2000). The ASDs are classified into three different types of autistic disorder, Asperger syndrome and pervasive development disorder.
The autistic disorder is the most common and most people relate the word autism with this disorder. People having the disorder in most cases have delays in language, communication and social challenges as well Continue reading...

ARTICLE CRITIQUE

“Examination of the Time Between First Evaluation and First Autism Spectrum Diagnosis in a Population-Based Sample,” by Lisa D. Wiggins, Jon Baio and Catherine Rice, was a 2006 study undertaken because of the earlier findings that the earlier that young children who have an autism spectrum disorder, or ASD, are identified, the earlier it is possible to move them into the sort of interventions that will lead to better outcomes in development over time. Specifically, this study was designed to look at the patterns of identifying and diagnosing ASD children in major metropolitan areas. Based on a group of Continue reading...

Physics forms a fundamental basis for study of other science disciplines, such as chemistry. Physics is concerned with the study of natural laws. Many things happen in the universe despite having low probabilities of happening, but physics explains the relationships of events, provides solutions to real life problems, and sets a foundation for understanding of the causes of natural events. It is for this reasons, I love physics. The essay outlines several reasons why I like the topic “Electromagnetic spectrum”.
I find electromagnetic spectrum as an interesting topic for study because of its direct application in to real life Continue reading...

Telecommunications and Networking, Autumn 2011

Realizing the Future of Wireless Data Communications
The Need for Software Radios and programmable radio chipsets

First, there is the need to find the right combination of hardware that can be programmed to provide support to high-performance signals for radios. It is projected that in the next 10 years from now, software radios would be the standard technologies in many commercial and military communication devices (Partridge 2011: 63). The software radios can be programmed to limit their usability to specific functions changeable from the real software that controls the radios. Programmable radio chipsets can also be incorporated with WiFi Continue reading...