Essays on Ultraviolet

ASSIGNMENT 2: ASTRONOMICAL IMAGES

For each Micro Observatory Robotic Telescope Network observation:

position: RA= 13h 24.9m Dec= -7 degrees 28 minutes located in constellation: Libra Distance= 600 million km (33 light minutes) at closest to the Earth Field of view: Normal Exposure time: 15.00 sec. Filter: Grey (ND4)

Hour Angle: -1h 40.4m

Comment on quality of observation: Micro Observatory is run by the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics Question: Why are some of the targets listed as “not up tonight”? Micro Observatory Robotic Telescope Network observation: Target name: Jupiter Type of object: Planet position: RA= 13h 27.3m Dec= -7 degrees 39 minutes located in constellation: Libra Distance= ...

Cancer is one of the most common causes of death worldwide. Every year, various types of cancer kill millions of people. The problem of cancer disease is unique because of its complexity and importance to humankind. Cancers affect all segments of the population, causing enormous damage to society. Although malignant tumors are extremely diverse and complex for the perception, the risk factors and mechanisms of development of cancer are well known enough so that it becomes possible not only to heal, but also to engage in cancer prevention. Cancer is the most difficult and dangerous disease, since it can ...

Rapid prototyping is a set of various techniques that is usually used for fabricating a model or a sample using 3D computer aided design. The rapid prototyping allows prompt and effective collection of data necessary to produce a sample or a particular detail. Historically, the method was used to convert drawings into fabricated samples and details. However, the entire group of techniques is comparatively recent, as the first available options became available with the advancement and penetration of digital machines. The development in rapid prototyping is a result of progressing technological advancement and a high demand in machine tool ...

Rapid prototyping is the most convenient way to get a replica of a three-dimensional design CAD-generated 3D application way.

These physical models can be only aesthetic and useful for the study of the potential market of the product, or they may meet some or most of the mechanical requirements which would have the final piece, offering, in this case, the possibility to perform functional tests and approval before there even preliminary molds. That man made his hands the means that would shape the objects that determine their evolution, devised object, the object designed: tools, utensils, art, and beauty, among others. Use of science was done to create the elements that should give matter and harmony with their creations. ...

Introduction.3

Analysis3 Current Market Features..3 Marketing Summary..3

Competitive Advantage.3

Segmentation, Targeting & Positioning...4

Branding5

Potential Impact on Consumer Behavior..6

Growth Opportunities.7

Conclusion..8 References..9 Amazon Review & Strategy Analysis Current Market Factors Amazon is among a number of firms that emerged quickly during the 1990’s or 2000’s. Among the others that have done the same would include Google, Twitter and Facebook. Twenty years ago, Amazon and these other firms were in their infancy or did not exist. The veritable explosion of social media, mobile computing and internet technology in general has served as a vehicle to help those firms progress from their nascent stages to the ...

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Specific Purpose: To inform my audience about the best time to be out in the sun to raise the level of Vitamin D.

Introduction

Our body needs Vitamin D. Vitamin D benefits our body in many ways. Lack of Vitamin D causes negative health outcomes. For many years, many people believed that the best time to be out in the sun is early morning, but recent research proves otherwise.

The best time to be out in the sun, unprotected, is during noon.

(Transitions: Let’s look at the reason that backs up this finding)

Body

Using sunscreen all the time contributes to Vitamin D deficiency. The wavelengths that help generate Vitamin D ...

English astronomer W. Herschel discovered planetary nebulae in about 1783. Nebulae received the name "planetary" on account of their external similarity with the images of distant planets, light wheels of which are different from the point images of the stars. “A planetary nebula is a beautiful object created during the final stages of the life of a star whose birth mass was between 1 and 8 solar masses” (“Planetary Nebulae”). A planetary nebula is an astronomical object consisting of an ionized gas shell and the central star, a white dwarf. All planetary nebulae originate from stars that are in ...

Ultraviolet light (UV light) is a type of electromagnetic radiation that is located between visible light and X-rays in the electromagnetic spectrum. It is invisible to the human eye, and has a frequency greater than that of visible light but lesser than X-rays. It has a wavelength ranging from about 10 nm to 400 nm (ISO, 2007). UV light is a part of the radiation that comes from the sun. It can also be produced artificially by electric arcs, black lights, tanning lamps and mercury vapor lamps. The name Ultraviolet literally translates to “beyond violet”, as it has a ...

Global warming is one of the biggest challenges the world is facing now. Also known as climate change, global warming is the gradual change in the average temperature of the planet’s atmosphere. This change in temperature is believed to be permanently changing not only the atmosphere’ temperature but also that of the world’s oceans. The increase in the carbon dioxide level and the depletion of the ozone layer is one of the primary reasons that have been accused of the increased climate change. The ozone layer is responsible for the protection of the earth from the dangerous ...

Introduction

The hydrographic printing technology was developed in 1988. The investigator Motoyasu Nakanishi of company Kabushiki Kaisha Cubic Engineering registered the first patent for the hydrographic printing technology on 26 July 1992. The principle is almost the same of the current hydrographic printing technologies where a transcription film is inserted in a painting apparatus with water. The machine transfers the painting film to the surface. There are many applications in the hydrographic painting in the automotive industry, interior design and industrial applications. The needs of customization and personalization are the force that gives the energy to this industry and the ...

Chlorine is the most common and effective disinfectant at the moment is. Among the chlorine-free water purification methods, ultraviolet radiation, the copper and silver ions, ozonation, the use of preparations of the active oxygen of the organic polymer are widespread. In some cases a combination of above mentioned methods is the most effective. Nowadays, new technologies allow to use following methods for water perification. UV-radiation of a certain wavelength and intensity, when exposed for some time to microorganisms, damages their DNA, making them incapable of reproduction. This principle is based on UV disinfection, it kills even those bacteria which ...

Chapter 1 – Introduction to Color Study

1. What is the difference between direct light and reflected light? Give examples of each. Direct light travels from the source to the destination without being interrupted while reflected light is the light produced when the direct light bounces off a material. One example of direct light is the sunlight while reflection from the mirror is an example of reflected light (Young, Freedman & Ford, pp. 1080). 2. Describe the cause of color, the means used to generate it, and the effect. Light consists of a spectrum of light wavelengths which have a representative color; thus, upon reaching the retina ...

The ozone is a layer of gasses in the stratosphere that protects life on Earth against ultraviolet rays from the sun (Aggarwal et al., 1). Anthropogenic activities leading to the emission of nitrous oxide and chlorofluorocarbons can result in the destruction of the ozone layer. Organohalogens also contributes to the destruction of the ozone layer (Lee, 858). The depletion leads to secondary ozone layer close to the ground called terrestrial ozone layer that is responsible for the degrading effects on humans, plants, and their environment. In the article published on August 27, 2009, on the New York Times, Dean ( ...

I. Introduction Advances in recombinant DNA technology and bioinformatics-based data analysis have driven the explosion of structural biology in the last two decades (Kelly, Jess, and Price 119). This has resulted to the identification of at least 2000 proteins annually and a growing need in performing structural studies in these new proteins. The current trend involves the concern of analyzing protein structures close to its natural conditions (and other conditions) and of measuring their rates of structural changes, an essential factor in their biological functions. The technique of circular dichroism (CD) has gained an increasing popularity in addressing these ...

Introduction

There are environmental chemical processes which require light to react. These processes are called photochemical reactions. Photochemical reaction is commonly initiated due to the absorption of solar energy or light. When molecules absorb energy in the form of light, the atoms are converted in a transient excited state (Larson & Weber, 1994). This transition state or excited has completely different physical and chemical properties with the initial state of the molecule. The excited states also have more tendencies to react since they are considered stronger acids and stronger reductants that the initial state of the molecule. The excited state of ...

Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. It is a term given to a series of diseases in which the cells within human body grow at an abnormal rate, thereby damaging healthy tissues . While normal cells grow and die at a specific rate according to the requirements of human body, the growth of cells is extreme when compared to the death of cells in cancerous patients. Such an abnormal growth in turn leads to tumors, which consist of a huge mass of tissues. However, in patients suffering with cancer related to the blood, there ...

Infrared Rays and Ultraviolet Rays

Infrared Rays Infrared (IR) rays are electromagnetic radiations with wavelengths 700nm – 1mm. Almost half of the sun’s energy is made up of infrared waves. They have frequencies of 4-7.5 *10^14 Hz, which is lower than that of visible red light. Hence, IR rays are not visible to the human eye. However, there are several animals which can see IR rays like the snake which uses infrared rays to hunt its prey. IR rays travel with the speed of light which is 300,000,000 meters/sec. IR waves are found in almost every object in the universe which ...

Discovery of ultraviolet light

Ultraviolet radiation is very significant in the tanning individual who are interested in making their skin look like leather as well as for vampires killing, yet it cannot be seen or else felt. The question is then, how did people discover existence the existence of ultraviolet light? Although light is comprehensively abundant when it comes from its primary source the sun, and it is tough to get hold of it because it travels at very high speed than anything else globally. Since light is subsequently insubstantial, for many years, individuals managed only to collect a few frequencies without knowing ...

Stratospheric Ozone Depletion

Ozone depletion is a natural phenomenon of the earth’s stratosphere due to the presence of free radicals that are from natural causes such as volcanic activity. However, as man evolved, he discovered his environment and built industries during the industrial revolution. These industries emitted tones of pollutants into the atmosphere, including compounds Ozone Depleting Substances. The continuous use of CFCs also contributes to the effect significantly. The worst case of ozone depletion ever recorded happened in 2006, during winter and early spring in Antarctica. That sounded a loud alarm to environmental scientists, political leaders and civil organizations come ...

When people talk about the weather on earth, they speak in terms of temperature, air pressure, the direction and speed of wind, humidity, whether it is cloudy or windy, and whether snow or rain is falling. Basically, when people talk about the conditions of the weather, they talk about the conditions of the atmosphere which are susceptible to change from time to time. Like in earth, there is also a weather pattern experience in space which is completely different from that experienced on earth. For instance, one cannot possibly have wind if there is no air. However, many scientists ...

Analysis and Comparison of two Climate Change films: “The Day After Tomorrow” and “Beasts of the Southern Wild”

“The Day After Tomorrow (TDAT)” refers to an American climate change film that was directed by Emmerich Roland in 2004. The film focuses on the disasters caused by global warming. “The contest over global warming is a challenge for the referee because it's a tag-team match, a real free-for-all” (Al Gore, 2011 p.2).In the movie, the weather scientist Dennis Quaid tries to warn people on the issue of climate change, but he fails. Quaid finds themselves horrified after finding out that all their predictions about global warming were coming true faster than they could imagine. According to the ...

Analysis of the Sunglasses Market in the United States

Introduction The United States market of sunglasses is one of the most dynamically developing offshoot of fashion industry. The research shows that the sunglass sales percentage fluctuates between 4-5% of the industry total in Europe and between 6-9% in the United States of America. In accordance with the recent market evaluation, the analysts predict that the market will be growing at 6.3% annual rate between 2014 and 2019 (Reuters, 2015). The market of sunglasses is a very saturated and diversified one, with lenses types varying from those made of polycarbonate to the more sophisticated models composed of nylon, ADC ...

I. Google Search A. http://www.mymsaa.org/about-ms/overview/ This is a website of Multiple Sclerosis Association of America. Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease wherein the myelin sheath sof the nerves are damaged causing symptoms such as numbness, fatigue, mobility problems and more (Mymsaa.org). 5 Facts

A steroid (Cortisone) was first to treat Multiple Sclerosis relapses in the year 1951.

The French neurologist, Jean-Martin Charcot gave MS its name in 1868. The myelin sheath or the protective covering of nerves is damaged in MS. “Lesions” or “plaques” are the inflamed or damaged areas in the brain and spinal cord. Worldwide, about 2.5 million individuals have Multiple Sclerosis. (Mymsaa.org) No specific author was indicated in the page. ...

CONTENTSIntroduction 3

Problems of various recycling methods .3 Executive summary 3 Field investigation ..5 Benefits ..8 Recommendations ..9

Introduction

Most countries need to solve the issue of waste disposal. Currently the bulk of waste dumped at landfills. This situation has extremely negative impact on the environment, since the decomposition of organic substances are released into the atmosphere large quantities of methane, a greenhouse gas many times more potent than carbon dioxide. According to researches many scientists still have not found the optimal solution for the safe and cost-effective waste management. Waste disposal and waste incineration do irreparable harm to human health and ...

What is the chemical formula for ozone gas?

Ozone is present in the troposphere, a part of the atmosphere. Ozone consist of 3 molecules of Oxygen. The chemical formula for ozone is O3. Ozone is also called as tri-oxygen since it consists of 3 molecules of oxygen bound to each other by covalent bonds. The structure and formula of ozone were identified in the year 1865. However, it is less stable than Oxygen and blue in color.

How does ozone form in the stratosphere?

Ozone is found in both, the stratosphere and the troposphere. The formation of ozone in both these layers is distinct. Stratospheric ozone is formed in two simple steps. Initial step involves ...

Introduction

Ozone layer is naturally evolved a layer made up of atomic oxygen with molecular oxygen and covers a big area in stratosphere. The distinct function of the ozone layer is to absorb ultraviolet wavelengths coming from the solar waves. The collision of ozone occurs because of several other atmospheric molecules and UV radiations (Tabin, 2008).

O3+ UV >>> O2 + O O3 + O >>> 2O2

The maintenance of the ozone layer is very necessary as through absorbing the solar radiation Ozone establishes ...

Introduction

Jewellery has been in existence since the early humans began to become civilized. The human desire is to be adorned with precious metals and gems. This has been evident since the Neolithic and Palaeolithic eras. The early humans made jewellery that was formed from claws, bones, teeth and shells. This has been documented by archaeologists. The Egyptians, the Romans and the Greeks applied distinct methods for the creation of jewellery (Cartlidge 1985; Dorner & Turner 1985; Druff and Dormer 1995; Druitt 1986; Falk 1989; Game and Goring 1998; Gilhooley and Costin 1998; Grant 2005; Grant 2007; Hinks 1983; Hughes 1972; ...

Hypocrisy paradigm refers to a research methodology that is used to test any dissonance theory that arouses conflicts by having people publicly promote a socially desirable behavior and then they are made aware that they have not always exhibited that exact behavior in the past (Stone & Hernandez, 2008).

In the induced compliance paradigm, it is assumed that the dissonance or conflict is aroused when a person says or does something that is contrary to a prior attitude or belief (Brock, 2005). It is from the recognition of prior belief and attitude that is believed that one would not engage in a given act. ...

The Sun

The Sun is known as the only one star in the Solar system. It is the center, around which the planets, asteroids, satellites, comets, space dust are revolving. The nature of each planet depends on the distance that separates the planet from the Sun. This bright star is important for all the planets surrounding it. So, how much the humanity knows about the fiery star that can kill the entire earth in one second? Since the beginning of time, people looked at the sky, hoping to learn a little about the twinkling stars and the fiery sun. As we ...

Effect of ZnSe nanoparticles in the PEDOT: PSS photodiodes

Abstract In this article we report the photovoltaic properties of devices made using a highly conducting polymer electrode, from poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT: PSS) incorporated with ZnSe nanoparticles on ITO substrate as an anode and a Poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT) mixed with Phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PC61BM) in the ratio of 1:1 as the active layer. The device performance was compared with that of devices made with PEDOT-PSS without ZnSe nanoparticles on ITO substrates. The IV characteristics were studied and the surfaces of PEDOT:PSS with ZnSe were imaged using Transmission electron microscopy (TEM). It shows that the functions ...

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Abstract

Melanoma is the cancer of the cells that make the skin pigment. It usually starts as a small mole and then changes its size, color and has itchiness. It is a fairly common type of cancer and is found equally in women and men. Being one of the most common types of cancer, it is also considered one of the most deadly. It took more than 55 thousand lives in 2012 alone. Scientists think that the rising cause of melanoma is the increase in use of UV rays. This paper will look into what melanoma is and what are ...

In the book, Urban Sprawl, Global warming, and the Empire of Capital, Gonzalez places all the faults on the Government and American business leaders. He says that they are responsible for the global climate change. He opposed all the efforts used in the account of global warming problem. The definition and explanation were based on transnational factors such as the greenhouse effect. The core researchers expounded and affirmed that global climatic change was due to economic transition and development. They also argued that it was due to enter border development of goods and services. Others argued the global climatic ...

Debra Dutton

BIO 201 Pollution and the Human Body The human body has an incredible defense and healing system. It uses the various senses like smell, sight and taste to filter the food, air and water as they get into the body. The skin safeguards the body tissues and internal organs from environmental hazards. The skin also senses the variations in environmental temperatures and acts as the body’s stimuli in controlling the body temperature. The brain and the nervous system are part of the complex response and flight mechanism that responds to emergencies and dangers. An army of ...

TA ABSTRACT – Genetic engineering now has straight forward ecofriendly strategies to produce transformation in plasmids. The transformation process allows engineers to introduce DNa with specific desired capabilities into a host plasmid. In this way plants can be created that are able to resist a particular enemy or stressor without having to use toxics like herbicides and insecticides. The bacteria E. Coli was used to determine whether it can be made resistant to ampicillin or not. AmpR was integrated into the host cells and the tracer, GFP was used to identify expressed cells. The laboratory demonstrated that transformation by plasmids so ...

Introduction

When the first crude telescopes grazed the vast space, the 17th century and astronomers such as Kepler and Galileo was already making discoveries of such as the moon craters, the rings of the planet Saturn, and the giant planet Jupiter. These discoveries paved the way for a more extensive exploration of the cosmos, which was ultimately revolutionized by the birth of the Hubble telescope. In April 1990, word’s most advanced space telescope named after the astronomer Edwin P. Hubble was launched at 353 miles above the earth’s surface with a mission to see deeper into space and beyond. The ...

Ultraviolet light (UV) is a largely invisible variant of light which has intense electromagnetic energy and whose wavelength ranges from 0.1 μm to 0.4 μm. Normal visible light varies from 0.4 μm to 0.7 μm. There are, however, levels at which UV light can be visible to some organisms like birds and insects. It is different from visible light because it is of its high concentration; can result in chemical reactions and can harm human beings. UV light is majorly derived from the sun. In addition there are other particular sources which can be utilized for production of these ...

Skin cancer is the most common form of cancer in the United States. CDC has categorized skin cancer as an epidemic (CDC, 2013). It has been reported that more than a million cases are reported each year in the US, with approximately 120,000 cases of melanoma, the deadliest among all forms of skin cancer. The incidence of skin cancer has shown to be rising most rapidly in young adults between the ages of 18-29. It has been hypothesized that this increase in the incidence of skin cancer is due to change in behavior of young adults, including, exposure to ...

The introduction of infrared sensitive digital cameras that can now detect bloodstains even when under layers of paint and is a use tool for solving crime may cause major changes to how crime is investigated. This is particularly valuable in locations where the perpetrators attempted to conceal evidence by covering bloodstains and other physical surface evidence with layers of paint., Digital cameras set to record detect infrared light can now detect bloodstains even when under layers of paint providing a new tool for solving old crimes. Even old bloodstains can harbor the DNA capable of identifying criminals and victims. . However, it ...

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English [Number]

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Introduction Originally, 3D printing technologies were designed for nonbiological materials, such as metals, ceramics and thermoplastic polymers (Murphy and Atala 6). However, recent advances have enabled 3D printing of biocompatible materials, cells, and supporting components into complex 3D functional living tissues, giving rise to a new technology referred to as ‘3D Bioprinting.’ However, unlike non-biological 3D printing, it involves important complexities, such as choice of materials, cell types, growth and differentiation factors, and technical challenges related to the sensitivities of living cells and the construction of tissues (Murphy and Atala 1). Overall, 3D ...

LIST OF FIGUTES 3

LIST OF TABLES 3 1. ELECTRO DISCHARGE MACHINING – EDM 4 1.1 Introduction 4 1.2 History of Electro Discharge Machining Process 5 1.3 Detailed Explanation of how the process works 6 1.4 Uses/applications of the Electro Discharge Machining Process 8 1.4.1 Prototype production 8 1.4.2 Coinage die making 8 1.4.3 Small hole drilling 8 1.4.4 Metal disintegration machining 9 1.5 Examples of products produced by Electro Discharge Machining Process 9 1.6 Advantages of Electro Discharge Machining Process 9 1.7 Limitations of Electro Discharge Machining Process 10 2. ...

Description of 3D Printing and Associated Science

Over the past decade, technological advancements and general progress have indeed changed or rather revolutionized human life and activities. Through the advanced technology both in hardware and software, people can now interact, communicate and complete different tasks in a more efficient and effective manner than before. The efficiency is because of how technology has influenced how we operate. Computing and Information technology has seen the rapidest and noticeable development in the past few years. These changes have affected the society, businesses and human life over the past few years. Through technology, one can achieve more socially, industrially and commercially. 3D ...

What is sunlight?

The sun provides tirelessly every square meter of the earth's surface, which it attacks, with an average of about 1370 watts of power (in the form of electromagnetic radiation). We say that the sun burns, but actually it does not. Instead, the sun is a giant nuclear reactor (Layton & Freudenrich, 2000). This solar energy is called the solar constant, since it does not change, except for minor fluctuations. Solar energy is sent in the form of light waves. Light is an electromagnetic wave. The frequency of light - or how fast the waves vibrate - determines the differences in color. ...

Executive summary

The Affordable Care Act (ACA) addresses the challenges facing the health industry. The government has been implementing the provisions in incremental stages since 2010 and more changes are still underway. This report discusses the impact that this act has on indoor tanning services by analyzing the indoor tanning services tax, health insurance coverage duty on employers and the additional Medicare tax. Firstly, the indoor services tax applies to businesses offering tanning services as their predominant activity. However, the law provides tax exemptions to providers such as phototherapy services, qualified physical fitness facilities, spray-on tanning services and those selling tanning ...

The sun is about 864000 miles wide and filled with sweltering hot gases. Hydrogen is the most abundant element present in the Sun, composition of the Sun by its constituent mass is 71% hydrogen (H), 27% helium (He) and 2% other heavier elements. Inside the Sun the gravitational pull compresses the gases, and increase the temperature and pressure at the core. (CAIN, F., 2009) The temperature is about 10000°F on the surface and more than 28 million degrees Fahrenheit at the core of the sun. The pressure at the core of the sun is 250 billion times the ...

Tanning is a process of darkening or tanning the colour of skin. It results due to the exposure of the body to Ultraviolet radiations (UV radiations); either naturally like sun tanning or artificially due to indoor tanning. Tanning is done to get an attractive appeal of the body. Now-a-days indoor tanning is carried out to make a bronzy appearance of the body of a person. Sun baths can also result in tanning of the skin. Also, many people use chemicals that result in skin tanning without experience Ultraviolet radiations. However, the contemporary time is associated with indoor tanning. Indoor tanning includes the ...

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Abstract

The present review is aimed at providing an understanding on how the workplace contributes to the development of skin cancer. Five reviews (3 epidemiological data reviews, 1 meta-analysis, and 1 article) obtained from PubMed, involving a total of at least 3479 mortality and morbidity in skin cancer. These studies agreed on the initiating role of the workplace in the development of skin cancers, both malignant mesothelioma (MM) and non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSC), due to chronic exposure to carcinogens such as asbestos (Rushton, 2012; Boffetta, 2004; Romeo, 2004; ), mineral oils (Rushton, 2012), solar radiation (Rushton, 2012; Hannaford-Turner, Elder, Sim, Abramson, ...

IR and UV

Infrared Radiation (IR) or radiant energy is the portion of the electromagnetic spectrum encompassing short wavelengths than microwaves and longer wavelengths than the color red. The frequency (ν), wavelength (l) and the velocity (c), and the medium it is traversing are the important attributes of IR. IR is usually discussed in terms of frequency as the velocity and wavelength vary depending on the materials. Few molecules in the air absorb IR energy; however, the absorbed energy is not absent as the energy separates the molecules as IR in an unsystematic direction. The velocity of infrared rays is equivalent to the ...

Ultraviolet (UV) light refers to the electromagnetic radiation that possess a shorter wavelength compared to the visible light and longer than that of the x-rays. The wavelength of UV light ranges from 400 nm to 100 nm (NASA, 2013). This corresponds to photon energies that range from 3 to 4 eV. The UV light got its name from the fact that the spectrum that is formed by the light has electromagnetic waves that have a frequency greater that the ones that are identified by humans as violet. The frequencies are not visible to humans other than those who have a condition called ...

Abstract

Rapid prototyping describes techniques that designers employ in order to fabricate models of a physical product using computer aided design in three dimensions. . Rapid prototyping allows the designer to bind one layer of material to another layer using computer aided design on three dimensional frame. This report describes rapid prototyping techniques as applied in a case study. The report will pay attention to the prototyping technology used, the materials used in producing a prototype and the accuracy of the models that are produced using the rapid prototyping technology in question. One of the most prominent of these techniques is stereolithography. Since the ...

Every day, researchers come up with new studies that document the fact that teens are fighting shy of sunscreens. Teenagers have ignored the possible harmful consequences of not using sunscreens and continue to do so. This paper not only attempts to find the reasons of this careless behaviour of teenagers regarding sun protection, but it also explains the negative consequences of failure to adopt sunscreens in routine life. These results have been further categorized into short-term and long-term effects in order to capture the severity of the matter at hand. The excuses that teenagers find and hold on ...

How can health institutions reduce cases of Skin Cancer through preventative measures?

Project Summary The main purpose of the project is to initiate a campaign on Skin Cancer Awareness and to educate the citizens about the importance of protecting themselves against skin cancer. The $50,000 funding is part of strengthening the initiative. This is a one year long project that will target an audience of 15-25 years. The main objective of the project will be to enable behavior change and it will involve use of group sessions, workshops, and mass media among other modes of reaching out the target group. Arguably, this campaign seeks to raise awareness of the risks and ...

Anthropogenic climate change is the production of greenhouse gases by human activities. These activities interfere with the chemical composition of the earth’s atmosphere by adding more harmful chemicals to the atmosphere. Examination of the polar ice cores by the scientists convince them that the increased human activity has led to an increase in the proportion of greenhouse gases. This increase in greenhouse gases in the atmosphere has skyrocketed within the past years. Reports released by various climatic organizations confirm that the postindustrial rise in greenhouse gases does not come from natural mechanisms but from human activity. The most ...

There has been use of a broad range of methods for controlling bacterial growth. The specific method employed is based on the kind of bacteria, as well as the nature of the material for which the user is seeking. Therefore, in order to control bacteria that form endospore needs techniques varied from the ones utilized for other cells, while surgical equipment sterilization would need treatments that are different from the ones employed in prevention of infection of an injury. Ultraviolet light, denoted as UV, can be termed as an electromagnetic radiation, which has a wavelength ranging from 100 to 300 nm. ...

In an age of scientific advancement, it is easy to take for granted a number of widely-held facts and theories that have been largely substantiated by scientific inquiry. One of these fundamental theories is the theory of evolution-- much of science and medicine is built upon the foundation of evolutionary theory. Without an understanding of evolutionary theory, modern medicine would not have advanced to the point that it has; humanity's ability to produce vaccines and do work on genetic diseases and stem cells would be severely curtailed, if not impaired entirely. Indeed, without Darwin's introduction of evolutionary theory, humanity's understanding ...

Abstract

Cancer is one of the most dreaded diseases of all time. It was considered as a disease that cannot be remedied except for the medical breakthroughs in the past half century. So deep is cancer’s fear that it instills depression in its sufferers as soon as its name is mentioned. However, thanks to medical breakthroughs it is curable and the media emphasizes on this night and day. What is cancer and how does it spread, what are its kinds and how it influences the society? An attempt has been made answer these questions in the following article. Keywords: ...

What is IR?

IR or infrared is an electromagnetic radiation, one of radiations of light. This radiation has the longest wavelength in comparison with other visible light waves and less in comparison with radio waves, starting from the red edge of visible light up to 1mm. Due to the fact that infrared has the longest wavelength it contains the most thermal energy. Approximately more than half of the thermal energy from sun is received in form of infrared radiations, therefore the balance in emitted and absorbed radiations has great role in earth’s climate.

What is UV?

UV or Ultraviolet is also one of the ...

Abstract

Skin cancers are cancers that affect the skin. These include melanoma, basal and squamous cell cancers. The symptoms include skin color change and appearance of skin ulcers, as well as, alterations in the moles that are on the skin. Smoking and ultraviolet radiations are some of the leading causes of skin cancer. The condition may be treated through radiations, chemotherapy among other means.

Introduction

Skin cancers refer to the types of cancer that affect the skin. These cancers include the basal cell cancer, squamous cell cancer and melanoma. The basal cell cancer is the type of cancer that arises from ...

Environmental Issue

Climate Changes and Ozone Depletion

The weather is changing but where and when is very unpredictable. Sometimes it is changing in slow ways but sometimes weather events are very extreme and dangerous. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) in 2001 reported on the “probability of the world being three degrees Celsius hotter by the end of the century and of a distinct possibility of it being almost six degrees hotter” (Lovelock, 2008, p. vii). This is a very scary prediction Ozone depletion is a different type of problem although Henson (2008) has said that the ozone depletion problem does have some ...

Healthcare workers are exposed to a lot of radiations coming from the sun and artificial sources. These radiations cause many health problems to the affected individuals and their generations. The magnitude of the skin to resist some radiations depends on the climatological factors and personal sensitivity to Ultra Violet Rays (UVR). Ultraviolet Rays are the most dangerous in the electromagnetic spectrum and the wavelength bands. This project describes the tests and methods necessary for establishing a radiation protection program on the skin using fabrics. The utilization of intelligent medical textiles in the healthcare centers has a enormous potential of changing the healthcare ...

Introduction

The photoelectric effect can be defined as an ejection or emission of electrons a metallic surface as a response to a light incident. Energy within an incident light is taken in by electrons inside the metallic surface. This provides the electrons with the necessary to be emitted from the metal’s surface. There have been many discoveries by many scientists such as Einstein and Maxwell who have identified different experiments of justifying the photoelectric effect. This experiment is the simplest and most convincing and direct proof of the photons existence as well as electromagnetic radiation and light’s ‘corpuscular’ nature. Therefore, this ...