Essays on Dissonance

Introduction of the Product

A Polaroid Cube is a delightful and little camera that takes the still shots as well as video. Just as the name suggest, it is a tiny tube about 35mm on the side. It can stick to any and all the magnetic surfaces and even a dinner folk. The cube can be tossed and can be taken around to take the life's precious moment in town or an adventure (Amstrong, & Kotler, 2011 p.12). However, the cube can be used any place in any circumstance to take photos and video recording. The cube comes in red, blue and red colors ...

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In their paper named ‘Team Coordination in Escalating Situations: An Empirical Study using Mid-Fidelity Simulation, the authors Bergstrom et al., talk about the different aspects of how teams coordinate in escalating crisis situations, such as Tsunamis or Hurricane Katrina. The definition of an escalating situation is given as – a highly unpredictable, deteriorating and spreading crisis. In the event of such events, there is a marked increase in the range of cognitive and coordination skills needed to control the situation. Since the problem ...

Introduction:

After reviewing the article of Janssen, the study explained about the large discrepancies have been found between the quality of life experienced by the clients with the intellectual disabilities and described by the caregivers. Here the intellectual disabilities refer to the knowledge management with respect to education and the quality of life determines the social awareness. This research is regulated by the ethical standards followed by professional caregivers. Moreover, educational ethics has become structured with values and morals pointing out what are the differences from behavioral rules. This paper emphasized the importance of cares and diligence provided to the ...

Introduction

Conflict is an unavoidable aspect of life. If there were no discord, thing would be predictable. However, conflict is very widespread in different areas and organizations are no exceptions to it. Organizations are competitive entities which deal with humans as employees. While minor issues persist in any setting, realization dawns only when things get out of hand. There arises the need to manage such conflict effectively. An organization provides various opportunities for conflict. Since it cannot be wished away, there is a need to encounter it. The best method of doing so would be to find the underlying causes ...

Complementary treatment is a term used to refer to interventions that are consumed alongside the conventional treatments (NHS, 2016). Complementary treatments are non-mainstream, meaning that they cannot be prescribed by the physicians. Evidence exists to substantiate the importance of complementary interventions in the recovery healing process. It is advisable, however, that a patient consults with the physician first before commencing on any complementary intervention. The purpose of this paper is to share a positive story in practice about a complementary modality experience that influenced health. Undertaking this exercise will broaden my knowledge about the use of complementary treatments, and ...

I am one of the choir members in my church. I started singing at a very young age. My parents noted the talent in me and encouraged me. They are the ones that motivated to join the church choir. Singing became a hobby for me. I would spend most of my time listening to songs and attempting to compose my own. When more people heard me singing, in choir competitions or in school, my voice moved them. Slowly, many people took an interest in my voice. I began getting invitations to perform in events and concerts. The invitations increased ...

Cognitive Dissonance theory dilates on individual’s tendency to seek consistency among their cognitions i.e. beliefs and opinions (McLeod, 2008). When there is inconsistency in the beliefs and actual happenings or actions, a dissonance arises which may cause tension and a state of confusion and uneasiness. There are differences between the beliefs of a person and the acts. People believe in something other and act in an entirely different way against their beliefs or knowledge. For instance, a person knows that smoking causes cancer but he/she still does it. In order to get rid of this dissonance the individuals ...

Nowadays social groups and individuals are not perceived as a closed and self-sufficient phenomena. They are included in the general relationship and interdependence. Universal interconnection, interdependence and relationships are extremely complicated by contradictory processes of globalization. The role and influence on the formation of national consciousness of the cultural self-identity should be borne in mind that national identity is implemented at two levels: the social (public, community at large) and personal (personal) (Bem, 1967). The need for self-determination has always been an important human need. Erich Fromm believed that this need is rooted in human nature (Fromm, 1939). Social ...

Thelonious Monk is known as one of the most gifted jazz musicians. He was the pioneer of bebop and his influence as a pianist and composer had significant effects on different kinds of music (Monkinstitute). Music of Thelonious Monk is based on Ingrid Monson’s and Paul Berliner’s work (Solis 3). Nevertheless, Monk is famous for his improvisations, which are so outstanding that a jazz critic Whitney Balliett once pointed out “His improvisations were molten Monk compositions, and his compositions were frozen Monk improvisations.” (Deveaux 169) Thelonious was born in North Carolina on October 10, 1917, but his ...

Synopsis of the chapter on essential elements of individual behavior in organizations

The section on essential aspects of individual behavior in organizations is a critical overview of the features and attributions of an employee and the practices within the organization. The case that forms the baseline of the chapter relates to individuals such as Bernie Madoff whose psychopathic behaviors and narcissism attributes contributed to the fall of the NASDAQ corporation. The case exemplifies on the different elements of behavior in workplaces that motivate people and propel their success or failure to perform. The chapter illustrates and highlights all the personal features that make up productive or unproductive behaviors in organizations. First, ...

Communication is the process of exchanging information. When evaluating communication, it is important to consider the words used, body language, accent, and the subject. However, it is imperative to note that communication does not necessarily involve spoken words; silence or other nonverbal expressions such as smiling or frowning qualify as communication. Communication may only be labelled as effective when the recipient of the information comprehends the sense of the message and can relay it back to the sender. In other words, the receiver needs to understand the meaning and respond accordingly. On the contrary, if the recipient does not ...

Cognitive Dissonance Regarding Dress and Social Responsibility

Cognitive dissonance is defined as the mental stress which an individual experiences when they hold two or more contradictory beliefs simultaneously. When individuals experience levels of dissonance, they tend to be uncomfortable with the situation; most people tend to avoid situations that would result in any cognitive dissonance. Having grown up watching Mahatma Gandhi and Mother Teresa being documented about their works to help improve the welfare of humanity, it grew into me that helping people should not be used as means to gain profitability in the market. However, as an intern in a multination company which practices social ...

The story labeled ‘booze-branded merchandise may spur teen drinking’ indicates that teenagers owning merchandise with alcohol brands are at a high risk of drinking (Rauf, 2016, p.1). The research indicated a strong relationship between owning alcohol-branded merchandise (such as caps and shirts) with actual drinking of alcohol. Teenagers who did not drink were likely to start drinking a year after acquiring alcohol-branded items. Ownership creates the onset of drinking but has no influence on the amount of alcohol consumed. The conclusion emerges from a review of thirteen studies conducted by different researchers on the same subject. The review, however, ...

Introduction

National debt is a controversial issue, giving rise to debates among politicians and economic analysts. The survey was done on college and university students, about their view on the national debts and their influence on the economy and distribution of income. The survey also aimed at gauging the students’ stand on how national debt impacted on the main sectors in service and commodity markets. Moreover, the survey mainly used close-ended questions to source answers from the audience. However, open-ended questions were rarely used. Apparently, close-ended questions include questions which allow the audience to provide their opinion about an issue ...

Abstract

I have personally undergone several notable changes to my personality changes, some influenced by my environment and people around me while others just occur in a more natural way. The debate of whether human behavior is influenced by our genes or our environment may never get a satisfying conclusion as some factors can be considered to be innate while others are environmental. The unreliability of human brain and its inability to process information in a linear manner creates the chance for cognitive bias to occur. Considering the important role played by psychology today in the society, it is important ...

Motivation to Write about the Cognitive Dissonance Theory

The most influential and widely studied theory in the history of social psychology is a Cognitive Dissonance theory. Since the theory talks about people's experience in case of psychological discomfort, the theory drew my attention towards it and captivated me to write about it. The theory says that when people are in the situation of dissonance, they try to reduce it either by changing cognitions and behaviors or by adding new cognitive elements. Individuals want to seek consistency in their beliefs and opinions (i.e. their cognitions). In case, inconsistency is observed between behaviors or attitudes, they need to change ...

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Question 1 Consumers between the age of 18 and 34 years are the key demographic to the online shopping. Only one in four online shoppers is above the age of 55 years. Women also tend to purchase more online since they control most of the household spending; 57% of women made online purchases in 2013 compared to 52% of men. A survey conducted in 2015 showed that 55% of online shoppers came from households that made over $75,000 a year (Smith, 2015). There are common themes that influence the selection of an outlet among market ...

Stravinsky’s Aesthetics

People hear examples of music almost everywhere and every time. They can even hear such examples in the nature. Singing of birds or the rippling of the brook can be also called music. These sounds can please people’s ears, and they can consider them as the music (Stravinsky 23). However, the author argues that we can speak about these sounds only in the terms of comparison. We cannot consider comparison to be a reason. All of these nature sounds can suggest music to people, but we cannot call it the music itself. The author also states that there ...

The tension between the psyche and reality is not always easy to calm. Sometimes, the mind does not accept what actually happens, and the exterior seems to be threatening. In consequence, the mind often utilizes different defense mechanisms in order to avoid dealing face to face with truth. Four of these are cognitive dissonance, rationalization, projection and humor. Even though they all attempt to dissimulate the horrors of reality, they do it in different ways. For example, cognitive dissonance is sustaining two contradictory beliefs at the same time, or committing an action that goes against one’s own values. ...

Literature Review

Chairman: Committee member: Committee member: Masters of Arts in Psychology 2016 Introduction With childhood obesity on the rise, there is increasing concern about the prevention and treatment of obesity. Current national data on childhood and adolescent obesity show 16.9 percent of 2-to-19-year-old children and adolescents are obese (Ogden, Carroll, Kit, & Flegal, 2014). An effective intervention to manage obesity is essential. The current weight management practices involve dietary modification, behavioral change therapies involving exercise, pharmacological therapy and surgical intervention. The purpose of this literature review is to explore the current research on Motivational Interviewing (MI) as an effective method for ...

SELF-HELP AND SELF-ESTEEM

Part 1. Contemporary time can be easily characterized as the century of Self. Considering it critically, there is no simple answer whether it is right or wrong. Anyway, Human is an issue of top priority of modern times. Centuries, when sacrifice was demanded, or when human life was neglected, are far away. In modern life, everybody’s right to be happy and successful is highly respected, appreciated and widely recognized. Any person is encouraged to live full life, with all its precious joys, in order to comprehensively participate in world affairs and feel as demanded and priceless member of ...

Introduction

Domenico Scarlatti is one of the most well known Italian Baroque composers. He is best known for his work on the keyboard sonatas. It is known that most of his life he worked for the royal families in Spain and France. While working for the royal family in Spain, he was able to compose over 500 sonatas. Dominico Scarlatti’s history and time spent in Spain has influenced his famous sonatas compositions that use the Spanish guitar style.

History of Domenico Scarlatti

Domenico Scarlatti was born on October 26, 1685 in Naples and died on July 23, 1757 in Madrid. It is known ...

1. Describe the culture of Canada and compare it with India. What are some of the main similarities and differences? Where do you think people from India culture would have problems integrating into Canadian culture? (Use cultural dimensions discussed in class as the basis for your comparison) Canada is a relatively young country, having been discovered by Europeans in the 15th century but only becoming a confederate in 1914. Throughout its history, Canada has been invaded and populated by the French and the British, and has retained very liberal immigration policies, encouraging a mix of European (Dutch, Spanish, Polish, Ukrainian, Swedish, ...

Most people never expect that in applying for a job they are required to talk in public or do an impromptu presentation. It is a great advantage when a person has the confidence, courage, and the ability to communicate well. It implies that a good speaker has the advantage to land a good job than others who are not. Particularly, in a critical phase of the interview, an applicant has to compete in terms of his or her oral communication skill. In a workplace, informing and persuading are the employees’ challenges and a constant practice is the key to improving the skills in informing and persuading. Through a ...

Companies advertise their products so as to inform consumers about features of the product such as price, quantity and quality. Many companies develop messages to advertise different brands that they offer; the messages are developed according to social influence theories of psychology (Hook, Franks & Bauer, 2011). Apple and coca cola are among the companies that use the different theories to advertise their brands.

iMac

iMac is among the products developed by apple company; it is a slim computer that has a special design. The computer is five millimeters thin, and it contains all features in the slim board; these features include ...

One example of when I experienced cognitive dissonance (McLeod, 2008) was when one of my friends, Dave, told me about his complaints about another friend, Maria. Dave told me these things in confidence. I advised him to tell Maria about how he felt but he refused and asked me not to tell Maria. However, I felt that Maria should know so I told her about Dave’s negative comments about her.

The inconsistent cognitions in this case were my belief about the importance of not breaking someone’s trust and confidence and my other belief that Maria had a right ...

Hypocrisy paradigm refers to a research methodology that is used to test any dissonance theory that arouses conflicts by having people publicly promote a socially desirable behavior and then they are made aware that they have not always exhibited that exact behavior in the past (Stone & Hernandez, 2008).

In the induced compliance paradigm, it is assumed that the dissonance or conflict is aroused when a person says or does something that is contrary to a prior attitude or belief (Brock, 2005). It is from the recognition of prior belief and attitude that is believed that one would not engage in a given act. ...

Introduction

Communities can be enriched by maintaining the diverse cultural identities by individuals. Multiculturalism is not a tool for promoting one cultural identity as being above other cultures. Instead, it gives us the opportunity to value our heritage at the same time respect other people’s beliefs thus celebrating diversity. Cultural diversity has an intrinsic section of cultural respect. Some individuals are ignorant and lack the correct information, which makes them lack respect. If an individual fails to understand the values and beliefs of others, it is easier for such an individual to belittle other people. Therefore, the individual will be ...

Postpartum: Motivation Concept Theory

Motivation in general can well be explained as one basic reason for life existence. Every animal that has the slightest capacity to make decisions has to be motivated towards choosing a certain way of action. Motivation is defined as a voluntary force generated from within or outside a being to act in a preferred manner for personal satisfaction in achieving or exceeding targeted goals (Shah & Gardner, 2008). The aspect of motivation has so many theories arising from research and studies over time that had different perspectives towards the same goal or end. Motivation is differently perceived from one individual to the ...

Movie analysis - "Wolf of Wall Street" (2013) Movies are a great form of entertainment to which many people are accustomed to. They can even lead to some kind of addiction but keeping in mind that they are also very educative. The knowledge can be positive to the viewer and can also instill, to a certain level, some negative behavior/actions/thinking. That is, however, not important in this paper. The matter at hand is that movies can be analyzed from various perspectives and as for this case; the movie “Wolf of Wall Street,” the social psychological perspective will be applied. There ...

Psychology

Question 1 Stanley Schachter's (1964) two-factor theory of emotion can be viewed in part as a social theory of emotion. Explain The Schachter’s Theory of Emotion integrates the roles of the cognitive factors and psychosocial arousal in the determination of human emotion. It further asserts that the experience specific emotions depends on the cognitive factors exercising over the general psychosocial arousal. These principles coincide with the social theory of emotions, which also asserts that human emotions depend upon psychosocial and cognitive concepts in adults and children consecutively.

Question 2

Upward Social Comparisons refers to comparing ourselves with the people ...

There are numerous schools of thought as to the role of religion in the Northern Ireland conflict. Institutionally, religion has different levels in the indirect contribution of the Roman Catholic Church and the direct one of the Orange societies. Other levels include the covenant tradition of fundamentalist Protestantism, the level of relational beliefs, level of cultures produced, and the interface between relational religious and national-political beliefs. The way religion connects to politics and conflicts is different for the each of the two dominant blocs of interest. The role of the Catholic Church takes into account. Majority of the past ...

The chapter 13 of the book The Introduction to Psychology focuses on how people perceive other people and think about them. This is known as social cognition. The interaction of people in groups also determines their social behavior. If I apply this to my understanding, I believe that an attitude plays a significant role in this regard as this helps us in determining how we process information and perceive the situation. If the social situation is ambiguous of course, it will determine how an individual think and this thinking will be restricted to the situation one encounters. If an ...

One example of the cognitive dissonance was the French Revolution. People of France thought they are being oppressed by the monarchs in the region, and in particular the Queen. As a result of this, violent protests started throughout France. The monarchs tried to curb the revolution by arresting the rebels, and by using fear tactics to make sure that this revolution does not spread. However, the revolution did spread under the leadership of Napoleon Bonaparte, and the French Emperors were executed by the violent Mob. This is an example of Cognitive Dissonance because the authority in the form of Napoleon ...

Introduction

Who has ever thought of applying cognitive dissonance in the field of advertising? Is it a challenging ordeal? Holding more disagreeing cognition based on ideas, believes or values can sometime be confusing. While considering a state of dissonance, individuals seem to feel disequilibrium, anxiety, and guilt, embarrassed among other forms. Individuals should have a motivational determination to lessen dissonance by altering the existent cognitions. This approach has been identified to work in diverse fields in influencing or engaging individuals in diverse perspectives. For instance, cognitive dissonance theory has been identified to play an essential role in the advertising field. It is employed ...

Every culture understands the world and perceives it in a different manner. It is important to be informed of such differences and understand and be sensitive to other cultures. An independent self is a person who can define themselves in terms of their internal thoughts and feelings and their own actions and not in terms of how other people think, feel and act. An interdependent self is the opposite of independent and these are people who define themselves in terms of their relationships to other people; their behavior is determined by the feelings and actions of other people. If Mary were ...

In the exploration of homosexuality and heterosexuality, certain binaries are often presented – if you have sex with a man, you can in no way be heterosexual. Despite this, there is a vibrant, substantial and highly prevalent subculture of men who identify as heterosexual, but nonetheless still have sex with men. To that end, questions abound regarding their real sexual orientation, the motivations behind labeling themselves heterosexual, and whether or not that really applies to them. The answer to this question lies in a complex plethora of factors, ranging from the construction of homosexuality and heterosexuality, issues of whiteness and masculinity, the heterosexual ...

Introduction

The influence of media has grown in an exponential manner with proper advancement of technology. There were different ways of communication from earlier times such as books, newspaper, magazines, recordings, films, television and the most popular media for communication in recent time is internet and social media. The information and communication is very important to keep lives and daily activities going and conduct their daily activities i.e., education, leisure, health, entertainment, relationships, traveling and other related activities involved within the lives of people (Stille, 2011). There are different modes of communication such as messages, newspaper, emails, phone calls, general ...

In the exploration of homosexuality and heterosexuality, certain binaries are often presented – if you have sex with a man, you can in no way be heterosexual. Despite this, there is a vibrant, substantial and highly prevalent subculture of men who identify as heterosexual, but nonetheless still have sex with men. To that end, questions abound regarding their real sexual orientation, the motivations behind labeling themselves heterosexual, and whether or not that really applies to them. The answer to this question lies in a complex plethora of factors, ranging from the construction of homosexuality and heterosexuality, issues of whiteness and masculinity, the heterosexual ...

During 1959, James Carlsmith and Leon Festinger, two renowned social psychologists conducted an experiment at Stanford University involving few students to investigate cognitive dissonance in humans. - The purpose of the study The purpose of this study was to suggest that humans feel psychological discomfort when they face dissonance in their environment and so they strive to remove that dissonance and achieve consonance. - The basic procedure used At the Stanford University, undergraduates were asked to take part in an experiment carried out by university’s department of Psychology. They were mentioned that their contribution ...

Analysis of Team Development

Analysis of Team Development

Introduction

In the previous report it was mentioned that when ‘ME’ is changed to ‘WE’, a lot of great things can be achieved. Perhaps because of teamwork and collaboration, members of a team can accomplish their goals, and strive towards exceptional performance together. This report is going to analyze the experiences and performance that teams have had in the past five weeks of being in Management 4720 class. Moreover, it will also discuss how the class, my team and I have evolved towards achieving high performance using Wheelan’s four stages of group development.

Dependency and Inclusion: ...

Robert Hayden is considered to be one of the greatest African-American poets of the 20th century; writing many poems about the black experience, both contemporary and historical, Hayden also managed to tackle universal themes of loneliness, desperation, parental approval and freedom. Hayden’s work was deeply rooted in the plight of African-Americans, many poems dealing directly with the anxieties and tensions that existed for minorities even during his time. Living through segregation-era America and the Civil Rights Movement, Hayden’s work becomes seemingly synonymous with the struggles of black people to have a voice in culture and art. In ...

Introduction

The idea of European unification are rooted in the deep past, contemporary same integration trends originate in the events of the first post-war years, and the emergence of a united Europe is by far the most ambitious social process of the second half of the twentieth century. Study of its history, revealing its laws and assessing the possible effects of the subject of hundreds of scientific papers, but these topics are still relevant, as today one can hardly argue that the contradictions at all stages of development accompanying the European Union overcome and difficulties encountered on his way, leaving only ...

Abstract

This paper is on the topic of Data, Information and Knowledge and how knowledge management relates to the theory of cognitive dissonance in an organization. The first next section will discuss the meaning of data, information and knowledge. The following section will discuss the important aspects of knowledge within an organization and the relevant perspectives. The next section will discuss the benefits of knowledge management and some challenges which an organization faces while implementing and routine application. The final section will relate to the application of knowledge management to cognitive dissonance theory on the basis of a example.

Introduction

Knowledge comprises ...

Introduction

As a revered author, Elliot Aronson provides a very gripping preamble to the intricacies of modern psychology. By use of lively presentations, vivid narratives, intriguing examples and facts from pertinent research, the author delves into motives and patterns of human behavior. The author covers diverse topics like conformity, terrorism, advertising, power of religious cults, obedience, interpersonal attraction, politics, war, relations regarding race. Chapter five of the book particularly deals with self-justification. The author explored different concepts in this chapter relating to the above mentioned issue. This paper explores these concepts within the context of the real world.

Discussion

An important concept addressed ...

Why the team is ineffective

The prime purpose of any business corporation is to make a profit. For a company to make a profit, several factors have to come into play such as congruency and team work. Decision Tech is a technology company that has been on the summit of financial success for two years. All of a sudden the morale of the employees dropped. The company found itself in a leadership crisis. Leadership is an integral part of an organization. The quality of leadership is directly proportional to the final output of the company. The top leadership is supposed to espouse the values and business acumen that is supposed ...

Question 1

Workforce diversity is whereby the employees that are hired in a firm comprise of people from different gender, ethnicities, races and religious backgrounds. It aims at ensuring that at the workforce there is a variety in the kind of people working. It is a major concern in the postmodern era since it helps to reduce various forms of bias and mistreatment to employees. It minimizes nepotism, tribalism and other types of prejudice. It also indicates the equality in the organization and hence enhances the corporate image of the firm.

Question 2

Cognitive dissonance is a dilemma concerning one’s beliefs, professional practices and behavior. James ...

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Researchers and scholars have over the years concluded that most of, if not all, of O’Connor Flannery’s works have been influenced by her religious beliefs. Many reviews have therefore aimed at identifying the biblical aspects in her texts. Consequently, her views regarding the society and religion have been the object of criticism with many scholars (Cofer 1). This paper seeks to determine the presence of central Christian mysteries in her novel “A Good Man Is Hard to Find” while at the same time determining the religious beliefs ...

“Don’t show me attitude!’ is a common phrase that one can hear being thrown every now and then at people who try to go against someone’s wishes. This phrase by itself explains what attitude actually is- a combination of belief and emotion that pushes an individual to react to a situation, person, object or group in a positive or negative manner. In simple terms, when a person ‘shows attitude’, he or she is actually summarizing their evaluation of the situation and is predicting a future course of action based on it (Coon and Mitterer, 2013).

The Three Components of Attitude

This implies that attitude comprises of three components, ...

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English Date: December 9, 2013

Guantanamo Bay Naval Base of the US Navy nowadays is no longer just one out of many American military facilities overseas. Since the War on Terror started after the tragedy of 9/11, it has become a symbol of this war, and quite a controversial one. Being located right at the gates of the USA, it has been and still is attracting considerable attention of the global community. Usage of Guantanamo Bay for detention and interrogation of persons, primarily from the Middle East, which are considered potentially or actually dangerous for the national ...

Customers continuously form decisions related to the purchase, choice and application of services and products (Solomon, 2009). Such decisions are considered of high importance not just for the customers themselves, but also for policymakers and marketers. These decisions are normally difficult. Customers are frequently faced with a huge number of options that are continuously altering because of latest techniques and competitive pressures (Du Plessis, 2011). Moreover, there is often a huge amount of information available from a number of sources (such as packages, advertisements, salespeople, brochures and friends). Additionally, the customer is often not completely certain of how a commodity might perform (Schiffman ...

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Philosophy

How should one deal with desires, needs, bodily limitations and mortality during the living of one’s life? To what extent can our minds know and control or improve our bodies? The question of how one should deal with desires and needs, on the one hand, and bodily limitations and mortality, on the other, has been one of the most significant, essential issues throughout the history of philosophy, in particular, and history of mankind, in general. It would be unrealistic to assume that it is possible to answer this ...

It passes for a fact that bullying is one among the most noteworthy public health problems in the United States today. Bullying, which is an age old vice, has serious detrimental effects of the lives of both the victims and the perpetrators in the long run. There has been significant debate on whether bullying is an aspect of nature or nurture. While this is the case, political leaders have turned to psychologists in search of a potential explanation of the causes and potential solutions of the phenomenon. Psychologists, lead by Dan Olweus PhD, commonly referred to as the father and pioneer ...

Introduction

Customers continuously form decisions related to the purchase, choice and application of services and products (Solomon, 1996). Such decisions are considered of high importance not just for the customers themselves, but also for policymakers and marketers. These decisions are normally difficult. Customers are frequently faced with a huge number of options that are continuously altering because of the latest techniques and competitive pressures (Du Plessis and Rousseau, 1999). Moreover, there is often a huge amount of information available from a number of sources (such as packages, advertisements, salespeople, brochures and friends). Additionally, the customer is often not completely certain of how a commodity ...

1. Singapore as a country and its tourism: the overview 1.1 Singapore country profile Republic of Singapore is a Southeast Asian city-state located on 63 islands. It is separated from Malaysia and Indonesia by the straits of Johor and Singapore Strait respectively. The population of the country amounts to approximately 5.3 million and is constantly growing, and with total area of just 710 km2 Singapore is in the world top-3 by the density of population with 7,315 people per square kilometer, which implies that there is a need for land creation, which is being done through land reclamation. ...

Analysis of Personal and Organizational Ethics and Values between For-Profit and Not-for-Profit Organizations

Introduction Unethical business behavior remains a major concern in the business world. The ethics problem is witnessed indiscriminately in both profit making and nonprofit making organizations. Ethics are as important as the objectives of the business and, therefore, corporations and other companies have a responsibility to adhere to the ideals of their organizations. This is if the ideals of such organizations have a standard moral and ethical stand that is universally acceptable. The persistence of this problem becomes a greater concern after considering the fact that organizations like those involved in charitable activities find themselves on the wrong side of morality.

This ...

Racial inequality continues to dominate the world even though we claim to be in post-racial state. As much as man remains social beings and bases their treatment of their background and history, then discrimination persists. Sociology explains the essence as to why racial discrimination is still rampant in the world especially in developing countries. People expect such countries to lead as role models in depicting the importance of ending racial discrimination. America needs to create policies and programs that would help in eradicating racial discrimination. America is one of the developed countries in the world; practically it still ...

With a setting in Los Angeles after the beating of Rodney King and during riots, the novel “Brothers and Sisters” focuses on depicting introspective characters and their interpersonal relationships when stereotypes, racism, and gender bias influence their perception and decision-making. Various concepts in social psychology can be used to interpret how characters in the novel form relationships, build self-concepts, and make decisions, such as self-schemas, attribution, conformity, friendship, and other concepts, when they encounter discrimination and prejudices.

Self-Concepts

The main characters are introspective, so they frequently question their values and beliefs. They are always willing to improve because they believe it ...

Introduction

Discussion The relationship between attitude and behavior can be viewed from a tripartite perspective. The structure of attitudes has three components; the affective, behavioral and cognitive components. However, instead of assuming that every attitude has the three components, scholars focus on these components as correlates of attitudes. From this perspective, an attitude can be based on behavioral information. For instance, self-perceptions from previous experiences can influence ones attitude towards the same stimulus. Many studies have been carried out on the relationship between attitudes and behavior. From these studies, it is known that attitudes are important in predicting and understanding ...

Defining the Odd: An Exploration of Slipstream

When Bruce Sterling published his article “Slipstream” in SF Eye #5 (n.pag..), he defined a genre that from then on would be characterized by a variety of words. He said that slipstream “is a kind of writing which simply makes you feel very strange; the way that living in the twentieth century makes you feel, if you are a person of a certain sensibility”. He described this new kind of writing as “a fantastic, surreal sometimes, speculative on occasion, but not rigorously so”. The whole of the article narrates how the literary science fiction genre’s chance at being “worthy literature” has passed, and explained ...