Essays on Biopsy

Module 1

Q 1. The pioneering works of Ellis and Kinsey played a significant role in transforming the beliefs and practices relating to sex in the contemporary society.

Ellis and Kinsey’s groundbreaking studies inspired other sexologists such as William Masters and Virginia Johnson.

Kinsey developed a comprehensive interviewing and coding system that ensured confidentiality, and accuracy. These parameters still govern the current studies sex research studies.

Ellis and Kinsey’s studies opened the topic of sexuality for debate and academic study

Q 5. Concerns to keep in mind when doing experimental sexual research as discussed in “Chapter 3-Sex Research” include the following; Extraneous factors such as race, culture, gender and age of the respondents. Ethical concerns: The sex research should conform to the policies established by the government and other relevant ...

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Introduction Cirrhosis is caused by liver injury that results in fibrogenesis and inflammation. These problems result in collapse of liver structures and significant distortion of hepatic vascular structure. This distortion leads to elevated resistance to portal blood flow as well as portal hypertension. Moreover, hepatic synthetic dysfunction is also caused as a result of these problems. Clinically, liver cirrhosis is considered as an end-stage disease that could result in death until liver transplantation is performed (Tsochatzis, Bosch, & Burroughs, 2014). Liver cirrhosis is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in most of the developed countries. In ...

Step1: Patient situation:

The first step in clinical reasoning is to describe the patient in the context of the clinical situation. Ms. Melody King, a 36-year-old female was presented for an emergency laparoscopic surgery for a ruptured appendix. She has a medical history of asthma and depression. Her medication list includes Ventolin, Seretide, Sertraline. Postoperatively, Melody developed peritonitis and was treated with antibiotics and analgesic. The biopsy results of Melody’s sample revealed the presence of adenocarcinoma. Melody will need to undergo a few most test, and till then continue her stay at the hospital. The diagnostic tests: CT scan of chest, ...

The case study presented here demonstrates a clear diagnosis of Benign Prostratic Hypertrophy or BPH.

Pathophysiology: The disease condition known as benign hypertrophy of the prostate usually develops initially in the transition zone of the periurethral region of prostate. This zone usually consists of separate lobules of tissues lying external to the sphincter. Majority of ducts of the transitional zone of urethra lie on the lateral part of urethral wall. It is important to note that it is the point of urethral angulation near verumontanum. Near the origin of this transition zone, there are glands of periurethral region. These are usually confined in the preprostatic opening. According to a renowned researcher, majority of the ...

Abstract

Paget's disease of the breast is an uncommon kind of cancer of the nipple–areola complex and that is time and again connected to a fundamental in situ or persistent carcinoma. We provide an overview and evaluate the key clinicopathological and healing aspects of mammary Paget's disease. Patients suffering from the Paget disease frequently present with a constant, eczematous skin complaint on the nipple and adjoining areolar skin. Paget's disease of the breast has been acknowledged as a separate clinical unit for over one hundred and twenty years. Since the situation in itself is repeatedly harmless and restricted to ...

Prostate cancer is one of the most common forms of cancer in the United States. Over the past twenty years, there have been significant changes in the way physicians screen and treat this disease. This paper will address common screening modalities, the effect of age and ethnicity on this disease, and its non-surgical treatment options. In the United States, there are three primary methods to screen for prostate cancer, prostate-specific antigen (PSA), a digital rectal exam, and a prostate biopsy. PSA is a glycoprotein that is released by the prostate. It is believed that when cancer disrupts the prostatic ...

First Assignment: The Adult Nurse Practitioner Case

Identify the appropriate statements from Rule 221.13 Core Standards for Advanced Practice that relate to this case? Rule 221.13 (a) Rule 221.13 (d) Rule 221.13 (1) Rule 221.13 (2) (A-E) Identify the appropriate statements from Rule 222.4 Minimum Standards for Carrying Out or Signing Prescriptions that relate to this case? Rule 222.4 (a) (1) (A) Rule 222.4 (b) (1-10) Rule 222.4 (e) (1-2) Identify the appropriate statements from Rule 217.12 Unprofessional Conduct that relate to this case? Rule 217.12 (6) (A) Identify the appropriate statements from Rule 222.10 Enforcement that relate to this case? Rule 222.10 (a) (2) Second ...

Discuss the workup of the cervical lymphadenopathy.

The initial step is to direct a complete and deliberate physical examination to decide its exact location, consistency, size, obsession, and delicacy joined by a complete presentation history and an audit of the patient's indications. This would help determine the type of treatment and whether there is a need for further tests (Gow & Minkes, 2016).

What tests would you do first and why?

Further, tests would be carried out to determine the exact nature and extent of the lymphadenopathy. If it were malignant, the tests would be to determine the extent to which it has spread in order to determine the course of treatment. If otherwise, the ...

Thesis

Improved Detection and Characterization of Obscured Central Gland Tumors of the Prostate:

requirementsRequirements for the degree of

2016

©2016 by All rights reserved Approved by First Reader Boris Nicolas Bloch, M.D.

Associate Professor of Radiology and

Director of Bioimaging Science Second Reader Kevin Thomas, Ph.D.

Assistant Professor of Bioimaging and Health Emergency

DEDICATION I would like to dedicate this work to my patient spouse Landry, my wonderful children Charlie and Phoenix, and my dog Armani. (Delete this page if you don't need it. Be sure to delete all the text on the page, and the page break after it, not the section break before it. To see the section and page breaks, ...

Chapter I: Introduction

In the United States, Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common non-cutaneous malignancy after lung cancer in men with an incident of 126 per 100,000 people. The American Cancer Society (ACS) reported that the number of new cases of men diagnosed with PCa by 2016 will be an approximately 180,890 cases. PCa is still considered as the second leading cause of cancer death in men. Also, the ACS added that the estimation for death will occur from PCa is 26,120 deaths in 2016. Today, many studies stated that mortality rate is gradually decreasing compared with the ...

In reference to the case study, fibroadenomas is the term used in describing the benign condition that could have caused in patient’s breast mass. Essentially, fibroadenomas refers to a benign tumor that is made of the connective as well as the glandular tissue of the breast (Sala et al., 2015). As such, the condition is characterized by solid breast masses that are mainly round, painless and non-tender. Fibroademas usually occur in varying size whereby some are small while other are about eight centimeters in diameter. Fibrocystic breast disease is among the most common breast conditions that affects a ...

Introduction

Cancer disease encompasses about 200 different types of the disease which take different types of treatments too. Many of such are curable, others are controllable, and symptoms such as pain can be relieved. The behavior and treatment of cancer depends largely on how early the cancer was detected. All types of cancer cannot be treated using a single reliable treatment procedure but current major methods used by clinicians include: surgery where the cancerous tissue is completely removed, chemotherapy where the cancerous tissues are destroyed or the growth of the cells is inhibited, radiotherapy where the cancerous tissues are destroyed ...

The manifestation of cancer begins when the cells in the body multiply out of control. There are various kinds of cancer with each type starting with the out-of control rapid growth of cells. In most cases, the rapid multiplication of the abnormal cells leads to the growth of tumors. Tumors can either be benign or malignant. Benign tumors are neither cancerous nor life threatening due to the fact that they do not move to other body parts. Malignant tumors cause cancer and are capable of spreading to other body parts close to the tumor. Malignant tumors are capable of ...

Based on the initial symptoms, the patient most likely suffers from hypothyroidism or low thyroid hormone disorder. Further clinical tests and an examination of the family’s medical history reveals that the particular disorder could be Hashimoto’s disease; also called Hashimoto thyroiditis. Hashimoto thyroiditis is classified as an autoimmune disease. In autoimmune disease, one's immune system attacks the body’s tissue specifically the thyroid gland (Skugor & Wilder, 2006, p.2). By attacking the thyroid gland, the disease reduces the gland’s ability to produce thyroid hormones of substantial quantity. This condition leads to hypothyroidism. Thyroid hormone deficiency presents with ...

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Abstract Radiology is among the rapidly advancing specialties of the medical profession. It is both a diagnostic as well as an interventional specialty having direct links to medical experts from different parts of a hospital. Diagnostic radiologists use their knowledge and expertise in the diagnosis of a disorder, whereas interventional radiologists deal with the treatment of the disorder. Radiology department deals with different patients having diseases such as cancer and heart related problems. Patients having kidney problems, liver problems, back pain, fibroids in the uterus, and blockages in the veins and arteries may also visit interventional ...

1. There are four essential components of a physical exam: inspection, palpation, percussion, and auscultation. These parts of the physical exam should take place regardless of what organ system are being evaluated. Inspection involves looking at the patient and diagnosing any non-normal physical findings. A good example of this is bruising seen on the abdomen during an abdominal exam. The next part of the examination is palpation. Here the physician will feel for any abnormal findings, such as masses or abscesses. Following palpation is percussion. During this step, the physician uses their hands to produce a sound and can ...

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Osteosarcoma, also known as osteogenic sarcoma, is a bone tumor commonly found in the childhood and adolescence. It has been commonly reported in patients in the age range of 15 to 19 years. Incidence of the disease is almost similar for both males and females. This disease develops in bone-generating mesenchymal cells (Huether & McCance, 2013).

Causes of Osteosarcoma

Rapid local growth can result in osteosarcoma and can increase the chances of mutation. Ionizing radiation, even in low doses, can become the cause of rapid local growth. It has been reported that even therapeutic radiations for other forms of cancer ...

The urinary tract is also called the urinary system, consisting of the kidney, ureters, bladder and urethra (Amerman, 2016). The urinary system main function is to preserve homeostasis through water and electrolytes conservation and also excrete toxins from the body (Amerman, 2016). The kidneys filter blood and balance fluids in the body; the ureters are channels through which urine travels to the bladder. Urine is stored in the bladder before it is passed out of the body through the urethra (Amerman, 2016). The urinary system can be attacked by infections causing blockage, damage, and injuries to the tissues impeding ...

Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. It is a term given to a series of diseases in which the cells within human body grow at an abnormal rate, thereby damaging healthy tissues . While normal cells grow and die at a specific rate according to the requirements of human body, the growth of cells is extreme when compared to the death of cells in cancerous patients. Such an abnormal growth in turn leads to tumors, which consist of a huge mass of tissues. However, in patients suffering with cancer related to the blood, there ...

SOAP NOTE

Age in years: 42 Gender: Female Subjective CC (Chief Complaint): A 42 year old female presented to the Gynaecology clinic with the complaint of severe pain in abdomen with heavy menstrual bleeding (on the 3rd day of the menstrual cycle). History of Present Illness: The patient was apparently well almost 3 months back when she gradually developed extreme pain in the lower abdomen prior to and during the menstrual cycle. The cycles were normal before these three months. She never had such excruciating pain before. The pain used to commence a day or two prior to the cycles ...

In most cases, hypolactasia (lactase deficiency) appears during the early childhood stage, and gradually increases in intensity as age increases. Note that the lactase enzyme (lactase-phlorhizin hydrolase) is an enzyme enabling the digestion and absorption of lactose, a carbohydrate found in dairy products and other food sources, which include milk and cheese. As effect, individuals with lactase deficiency experience lactose maldigestion (or malabsorption) when eating food rich in lactose. This symptom is most commonly referred to as lactose intolerance. A common characteristic of hypolactasia is that the condition first manifests as early as childhood. The condition can be diagnosed ...

Abstract

Prostate cancer is characterized by carcinoma of a gland in the male reproductive system and it typically develops in men over the age of 65. There is an assortment of treatment options in managing prostate cancer including: chemotherapy, hormone rehabilitation, surgical removal, brachytherapy, and external beam radiation therapy (Clinical Journal of Nursing). In external beam radiation therapy, it is essential for urologist to obtain consistency in the position of the prostate from the planning period before treatment to the initiation of radiotherapy to attain superior results. This study examines the efficiency of bladder filling and rectum emptying protocols and ...

Cancer diagnosis

Cancer is diagnosed by an expert by critically examining the tissue or the cell samples through a microscope. It can also be done by carrying out tests on cells of the DNA, RNA and proteins (Schwarzenböck et al., 2012). Physical assessment of the patient and family medical history are also essential during diagnosis. Furthermore, a doctor will have to carry out an imaging procedure of some body parts. These imaging procedures can be approached in several ways such as CT scan, nuclear scan, MRI, Ultrasound, X-rays, and PET scan. X-rays uses low doses of radiation to generate pictures ...

Obstetrics and Gynecology

The Genitourinary system consists of the urinary tract and reproductive organs. Diseases that affect this system are a variety of conditions that can affect people of all ages. Urologic diseases affect specific organs in males and in females – the urinary tract in females and urinary tract or reproductive organs in males (O'Connell, 2016). Some of the most common diseases include Urinary Tract Infections (UTI), Urinary Incontinence and Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH). UTI basically occurs when bacteria invades the urinary system and infects any part of the system although the bladder and urethra are the most commonly affected parts. Women ...

Introduction

The only proven strategy to fight any form of cancer is early detection based on evidence and researchers. Based on current evidence, low-dose computed tomography (CT) is highly recommended for patients with high risk for lung cancer. Many researchers state the potential advantages of CT screening in such patients over conventional screening methods. The American Cancer Society and American Lung Cancer Association, early detection and CT screening is one of the best and only proven methods to fight lung cancer across all age groups. In the US, Lung Cancer is the lead cause of cancer-associated death with an alarming ...

Osteochondroma refers to non-cancerous tumors which develop during the childhood and adolescent phases of growth. They are abnormal growths in nature which usually form near the surface of a bone where growth plates are situated (American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons, 2012). Growth plates are the areas in children where cartilaginous tissues are situated near the end of long bones. Osteochondroma develops in areas near these growth plates during the growth phase of children and when they attain maturity, the growth plates consolidate into concrete bones (American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons, 2012). The commonest time when these growths occur is ...

HUMAN SYSTEMS

Musculoskeletal System As the name suggests, the “Musculoskeletal system” of the human body comprises of the bones and muscles mainly. Tendons and ligaments are also important parts of the system. The major function s of this particular system is to help in locomotion and to protect the delicate visceral organs.Some of the commonest diseases that we encounter as medical professionals, belonging to this particular system are Rheumatoid arthritis, Osteoarthritis, fractures of various bones of the body, tumors of the bones. Even diseases like TB may also develop in the bones but its development is always secondary to that of ...

Introduction

Prostate cancer was identified in 1853three hundred years after the discovery of the prostate gland by Andreas Vesalius in 1538. Prostate cancer was considered as a rare malady, as a result, of the poor detection methods in the 19th century. The treatment of the rare malady was the removal of the testes in the 1890s, in the dawn of the 20th century doctors shifted from the removal of testicles to the removal of the prostate gland. Charles Huggins discovered chemical castration, a procedure that involved the use of estrogen to reduce the influence of testosterone in men who were suffering from prostate ...

Background

Pernicious Anemia (PA) is a chronic illness that is caused by impaired absorption of vitamin B-12 due to lack of (IF) intrinsic factor in gastric secretions. It is a condition in which the body lacks a sufficient number of red blood cells (hemoglobin). Present within red blood cells, hemoglobin is important for carrying oxygen in all body tissues. Pernicious anemia is therefore a decrease in red blood cells which occurs when one’s intestines cannot absorb vitamin B12 properly. The body needs vitamin B12 to make red blood cells. Pernicious anemia is most prevalent in Caucasian people of northern European lineage than in ...

Introduction

Hospitals are homes to different patients who require different attention. This means that there must be people who are qualified for different roles in the medical field. In this connection, hospitals are not required as a block where all patients are handled in the same room. Instead, departments should be formed where each of them operates in support of the other to ensure patients are handled and treated accordingly. This has resulted to existence of various experts for specific duties in the hospital. Among the most common departments in hospitals are Dermatology, Oncology, Gastroenterology, Pulmonary, Cardiology, Endocrinology, Obstetrics and Gynecology, ...

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Abstract

Melanoma is the cancer of the cells that make the skin pigment. It usually starts as a small mole and then changes its size, color and has itchiness. It is a fairly common type of cancer and is found equally in women and men. Being one of the most common types of cancer, it is also considered one of the most deadly. It took more than 55 thousand lives in 2012 alone. Scientists think that the rising cause of melanoma is the increase in use of UV rays. This paper will look into what melanoma is and what are ...

Clinical Presentation of CKD

According to the National Kidney Foundation, chronic kidney disease refers to the structural and functional abnormalities of kidneys over a period of three months demonstrated by either the damage of kidneys or Glomerular filtration rate lesser than 60mL per minute per 1.73 meter square . The clinical presentation of CKD is difficult to detect due to the uncommon symptoms in patients with GFR greater than 35 percent. However, when the percentage of GFR is less than 35 percent, a variety of complications associate with the disorder, such as hematologic, metabolic, psychiatric and cardiovascular issues occur . In such situations, clinical presentation depends on ...

Prognostic Cancer Biomarkers

The genetic diversity associated with cancer cells are shocking huge; and identifying a suitable prognostic marker is a real challenge. Prognostic cancer markers aims to evaluate objectively a patient’s overall outcome, response to treatment and chances of cancer recurrence. Prognostic markers can also help to select patients for a particular treatments and help predict the beneficial effect of the therapy. DNA, RNA, epigenetic patterns, signaling pathways, proteins, and metabolic biomolecules have been used as prognostic cancer markers. (Mehta et al., 2010)

Given below are few prognostic biomarkers commonly used in cancer medicine:

1. Beta tubulin: Beta tubulin regulates microtubule assembly in the cell. Class III tubulin are expressed by tumor of both neuronal ...

Melanomas are tumors that arise from the melanocytes or the pigment cells (Mihajlovic et al. 739). A common form of melanoma is the primary mucosal melanoma that is found in the mucosal lining of the urogenital tract, respiratory tract and the gastrointestinal tract (Mihajlovic et al. 739). Primary malignant vaginal melanoma is one such type of mucosal malignant melanoma that is very rare (Lin et al. 376) and very aggressive in nature (Androutsopoulos et al. 1). The first case of primary malignant vaginal melanoma was reported in 1887 and modern literature has noted about 500 cases, globally (Chen et ...

Over the past few decades, major improvements have been made in the field of cancer treatments, therapies and diagnostics. Cancer nursing is a result of these advances; it continues to play a vital role in offering palliative support to cancer patients and improve their ability to cope up with the disease. Consequentially, cancer nurses have become an integral part of the complex cancer treatment process. Cancer is a disease characterized by an uncontrollable growth of cancerous cells in the body. These cells are referred to as malignant cells. Although the symptoms of cancer vary depending on the type/location of cancer, in ...

Breast cancer can be referred to as a cancer type that originates from breast tissue, mostly from the milk ducts’ inner lining or the lobules, which supply the ducts with milk (Sariego, 2010). Cancers arising from ducts are called ductal carcinomas, as those from lobules are called lobular carcinomas. Breast cancer affects humans, as well as other mammals. Breast cancer also affects in men. Breast cancer occurs due to an environmental factor’s interaction with a host that is genetically susceptible. Normal cells undergo division as many times as required and stop. They get attached to other cells where they ...

Description and challenges

Hepatitis C is a type of infection that is caused by a virus that attacks the human liver resulting in inflammation. The virus is called Hepatitis C virus (HCV). The infected people show less or no symptoms during its early stages of infection (Michael, 2014, p 1178). Hepatitis C virus is considered the most dangerous of the Hepatitis infections. The virus is transmitted through the contact with contaminated blood, mostly through needles that are shared through the use of illegal drugs. One challenge with Hepatitis is that, during its early stages, one cannot know if he is infected or not. This ...

Abstract

Organ transplantation is an important life-saving procedure for those people, who have some problems in their organs. However, the problem of organ transplant rejection is an important issue in this case. In this problem, patient’s immune system starts rejecting the organ as a foreign body. This problem of rejection of the organ can be acute or become chronic. Several diagnostic procedures have also been developed to reduce the problem of rejection of an organ. Scientists have done a lot of research in this regard. Acute rejection needs immediate care. In order to reduce the problem, specialists will check the area ...

Von Gierke Disease

Introduction Von Gierke disease or Glycogen Storage Disease Type 1 (GSD-1) belongs to a group of rare metabolic disorders with a reported incidence of 1 case per 100,000 births per year. The clinical condition results from deficiency of key enzymes in the glycolytic pathway resulting in an increase in intermediate metabolites and accumulation of glycogen in the affected tissues. It is a genetic disorder with a natural history of severe developmental abnormalities and long term complications. This paper provides an overview of GSD-1 based on studies published in peer reviewed journals with a focus on its genetic determinants, clinical picture, available therapeutic ...

Malignant melanoma is a skin disorder, which produces tumors of melanocytes or tumors of cells produced by melanocytes . The disease was uncommon in the past; however, in the recent years, the number of cases of malignant melanoma increased significantly, especially, the number of deaths due to malignant melanoma. The disease develops in radical and vertical phases. In the radical phase, the malignant cells develop in a radical manner within the epidermis, while in the vertical phase; the malignant cells intrude into the dermis cells. The lesions developed by malignant melanoma are thin, moderate or thick depending upon the depth of the ...

Introduction

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a condition in which the kidneys lose their function over time. It is a state of irreversible kidney damage. The adverse outcomes of chronic kidney disease result in kidney failure, cardiovascular disease and premature death. Effective treatment at the early stages of the disease reduces the chances of other complications. The two major causes of chronic kidney disease are high blood pressure and diabetes. The common symptoms of the disease are fatigue, swollen feet and ankles, dry, itchy skin, frequent urination, poor appetite and concentration .

Clinical Presentation

The classification of chronic kidney disease involves five stages. Stage 1 ...

Abstract

Cirrhosis is 12th on the list of leading causes of death in the US. Cirrhosis is characterized by scarring of the liver tissue due to inflammation that could lead to liver failure and death. Some patients develop cancer in due course of the illness. The scarring, which is usually permanent, covers the outer layer with collagen, makes the liver very rigid and limits the exchange of blood between the portal vein and the liver, thereby creating excess pressure in the hepatic portal vein. The scarring renders the removal of toxin such as alcohol difficult due to depletion of hepatocytes. ...

Immunohistochemistry

Introduction The Human Papilloma virus (HPV) is an extremely common group of viruses that are found worldwide. There are more than 100 types of HPV worldwide. 13 types of HPV are associated with cancer. They are also termed as high risk type. (WHO, 2013). HPV is transmitted through sexual contact. More than 90% of cases are infected shortly after sexual activity. Cervical cancer is associated with HPV infection that are acquired through sexual contact. 70% of cervical cancer cases are caused by two types of HPV. HPV 16 and HPV 18 are the two strains associated with cervical ...

Cancer is one of the top leading causes of death worldwide. According to the World Health Organization, the number of people who died from cancer globally reached 8.2 million in 2012 (IARC, 2014). It is considered an imminent “human disaster” because in the next two decades, deaths from cancer can reach as high as 18 million a year with the number of cases reaching 22 million (Hume & Christensen, 2014). This disease affects not only the patients but also their families. Studies have documented the physical and psychological effects of cancer treatments. Thus, it is important to determine the side effects ...

Introduction

Head and neck cancer (HNC) is the term used to describe a wide range of malignant tumors originating in the upper aero digestive tract (9). HNC imposes acute suffering on the patients while swallowing, breathing or speaking. Tobacco and alcohol are the primary causes in majority cases of HNC (18). Cancer is the second leading cause of death with estimates of 1.66M and 0.58M in 2013 for new cases and deaths respectively (15,16). Endoscopy, biopsy, mirror scan and CT/MRI imaging are commonly used methods for diagnosis in the last 20 years.

Ways of treating HNC

The treatment methods (10) vary from medication, abstinence ...

Vitiligo is a disorder due to depigmentation of the skin. This is an acquired disorder characterized by patches of hypo pigmented patches on the skin and mucous membranes. This disorder is commonly linked to autoimmune conditions such as abnormalities of the thyroid. In this condition, the melanocytes, the cells responsible for manufacturing melanin are destroyed and unable to produce adequate melanin. Melanin is the pigment that produces skin color. This causes white patches and de-pigmented macules to occur in different parts of the body including mucous membranes and the retina. The hair growing in areas affected by vitiligo also tend ...

Wilms tumor

Wilms Tumor Introduction Wilms Tumor or otherwise nephroblastoma is a rare form of kidney cancer that is often diagnosed on children more than on adults. The medical condition was first identified and described by the German surgeon named Dr. Max Williams (1867-1918) (Nordqvist, 2010). Although the tumor is often the most malignant among children particularly during the age three to four years old, but there are cases where both kidneys are affected. In the United States, there are about 500 cases of Wilms tumor reported, with almost 90% of the sufferers survive at least five more years (Nordqvist, ...

Executive summary

This piece examines ten departments in the hospital that have contributed to the milestones achieved this year. These departments include Dermatology, Oncology, Gastroenterology, Pulmonary, Cardiology, Endocrinology, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Radiology and Imaging Orthopedics, and Neurology. This piece describes common diseases seen, significant procedures and services, relevant diagnostic services and the specialty teams in each department.

Introduction

In this fiscal year, the hospital departments have demonstrated excellent performance that has transcended the strategic plan. Under the leadership of the chief executive officer, this hospital has attained its vision and mission that aim to be responsive to client needs through the provision ...

Oncologist

An oncologist is a physician who uses ionizing radiation or other methods in the treatment of cancer. They help in the diagnosis, staging of cancer and grading the nature of cancer. The three specialties in the treatment of cancer are the radiation, medical and surgical oncology specialties and all are used in the treatment of cancer. The Royal College of Physicians is responsible for certifying candidates eligible for certification in oncology and this ensures that qualified individuals offer services in the most appropriate way possible. To become a medical oncologist one has to pass the medical oncology certification examination. Medical oncology ...

A 25 year old female presents herself to a dermatologic clinic complaining of persistent rashes on her upper back and legs. Severe pruritus (itching) is also present. In addition, the patient also complains of diaphoresis (Excessive sweating) at night. She claims that these symptoms have been prevalent for the past 4 weeks and have been progressively becoming worse. The patient had tried using over-the counter antifungal lotion (Ammonium lactate) and Lamisil cream. The medical history of this patient includes instances of facial acne which she usually controls through regular demabrasion, and also has a history of pediculosis during her childhood days ...

SCENARIO: Baylie Cole is a 27-year-old female, diagnosed with a soft tissue benign tumor on the large toe, no prior pain or illness.Ms. Cole had a procedure in order to remove a soft tissue benign tumor from her toe. Anesthesia was not needed, localized numbing of the area sufficed. The tumor was removed by a single surgeon and biopsied.Everything went according to plan and she was released the same day.

THE CODES USED WOULD BE:

CPT Code: 28108-T5 Excision or curettage of bone cyst or benign tumor, phalanges of foot, right foot, great toe (Abraham) HCPCS Code: G8883 Biopsy results reviewed, communicated, tracked and documented (“hcpcs codes”) ...

Malignancy of the breast is the most common cancer in women after melanoma and it is responsible for about one-third of all cancers in women. Mortality because of the cancer is on the decline in the United States due to better detection and treatment. Breast cancer is a disease of epithelial cells that line the ducts of the breast. It is a clonal disease, meaning that a single transformed cell that eventually expresses full malignant potential causes it. Therefore, it may exist for a long period before it becomes invasive and metastatic. (Harrisons, 2008, p.563) Park, et al, are affiliated with Massachusetts ...

Breast cancer is a disease of epithelial cells that line the ducts of the breast. Malignancies of the breast are some of the most common cancers in women (aside from skin cancer) and are responsible for up to one-third of all cancers in women. Mortality because of the cancer is on the decline in the United States due to better detection and treatment. Breast cancer is a clonal disease, meaning that a single transformed cell that eventually expresses full malignant potential causes it. Therefore, it may exist for a long period before it becomes invasive and metastatic (Harrisons, 2008, p.563) The major ...

The paper being discussed today, includes the disease Celiac disease and the laboratory department the sample is tested in.

Pathology Department The pathology department is a laboratory where tests are performed on clinical specimen of a person like blood, urine, stools, sputum etc in order to study the health condition of the patient. In other words, it studies the etiology of a disease. The hematology department is a subcategory of pathology that focuses on the study of blood and the disease causing pathogens in the blood.

Hematology testing

The lavender vacuum tubes are used for complete blood counts. The additive for the tube is EDTA. Special requirements for the tubes are 1 ml of pure blood left at room temperature to be tested ...

Temporal artery biopsy refers to the primary modality often used in diagnosing giant cell arteritis. This form of arteritis is a chronic vasculitis that majorly affects the large and medium sized diameter arteries (Greenberg, 2010). This condition is mostly in older patients and affects aortic arch vessels including its branches, that is, the external carotid artery. It usually a recommended procedure to patients older than 50 years that present with a raised erythrocyte sedimentation rate, including a lateral persistent headache. Pre-operative preparation of the patient by the nurse involves taking a proper history regarding the condition (Greenberg, 2010). In addition, proper diet has ...

This essay critically examines the nature of duchenne muscular dystrophy. The condition, affecting 1 out of 3,600 boys, is an inheritable disorder arising due to mutation of the dystrophin gene. To a great extent, duchenne muscular dystrophy can be effectively managed by controlling the symptoms that lead to its development. However, currently, there is no cure for the condition, but with advances in medical technology there is hope for a complete control of the disease through gene therapy.

Clinical Presentation

Duchenne muscular dystrophy is a disease which causes weakening of muscle and leads to eventual death. The condition appears in the ...

Below is an outline of a research paper that highlights and discusses the various roles played by dental professionals in the early detection and consequent treatment of oral cancer and management of side effects of the treatment. I. The introduction highlights the predisposing factors to oral cancers as well the importance of the dental profession in detecting and treating oral cancer. II. The role of the dental profession in detecting and treating oral cancer: Discusses in detail what the dental professionals do in order to detect and treat oral cancer. III. Detecting oral cancer: This part of ...

Alopecia is a common condition that affects men, women and children. It is a resulting state of effluvium, a technical term given to hair loss, and thus, alopecia can be referred to as partial or complete loss of hair (Kahan, Miller and Smith 18). Alopecia may present significant loss of hair from hair-bearing parts of the body like the head (Kahan, Miller, and Smith 18). Similarly, hair loss accompanies normal growth, and human tend to shed hair every day, regardless of the season (Brooks and Robertson 221). Human shed up to 200 scalp hair per day, which is normal, however, for many ...

Endometritis

Endometritis is an upper genital tract infection and is characterized by inflammation of the uterine lining, involving the endometrium and the underlying glandular tissues.(Eckert & Lentz, 2007) Etiology for endometritis may be infections for instance; gonorrhea, chlamydia, tuberculosis, or a combination of normal vaginal bacteria.(Zieve, 2011) Endometritis usually coexists with other infections such as acute salpingitis, acute cervicitis, and other sexually transmitted infections.(Eckert & Lentz, 2007; Zieve, 2011) The symptoms associated with endometritis are swelling or abdominal distention; pain experienced in the lower abdomen or pelvic region, abnormal vaginal bleeding and discharge, general discomfort, constipation, fever and malaise. The ...

Abstract

Dexmedetomidine is a centrally acting α-2 receptor agonist that is used as anaesthesia during surgical procedures. It has several properties that make it suitable for use during monitored anaesthesia care (MAC). DEX has analgesic properties thus there is considerably reduced opioids requirements both before and after surgery (Candiotti, et al., 2010). Tachychardia and hypertension are mitigated by the symphatholytic effect of DEX. It has also been known to be friendly to respiratory system as it does not depress the respiratory system during its use. These properties make it suitable for MAC during orthopedic, ophthalmic, plastic surgery, dental and diagnostic procedures. ...