Essays on National Cancer Institute

Ovarian Cancer is cancer that begins in the ovaries, the reproductive organ found in females. According to Medical News Today (2016), the majority of ovarian cancer will begin in the outer lining, or epithelium, of the ovary. The germ cells can also form tumors as can the stromal tumors. The germ and stroma are the two other main cell types found in the ovaries (“Ovarian Cancer,” n.d.). Other forms of ovarian cancer include ovarian low malignant potential tumor (OPMPT) and low malignant potential (LMP) (Green, 2016; Nordqvist, 2016). After a discussion of the symptoms, diagnosis, staging, and prognosis of ...

Background Information

The State Cancer Profile website was created in order to provide data and information on cancer statistics so that state and local governments may use the data to prioritize and implement cancer control activities. The details such as demographics, screening rates, smoking rates, perceptions of what causes cancer, incidence rates and other information are intended for health workers, policy makers, teachers and other information providers such that the creation of programs are prioritized in their respective areas. The website is a collaboration of the National Cancer Institute and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (State Cancer Profiles, 2016). ...

THE SCIENCE OF FOOD

Cancer and nutrition – good nutrition is very important in the management of cancer and thus healthy eating habits are encouraged during this period. Tumors that develop in the stomach or intestines may, however, affect the way the body uses the food that is ingested and may not absorb all the food, although the patient may be seen to be eating enough food. The side effects that may affect eating when one has cancer include vomiting, dry mouth, constipation, mouth sores, loss of appetite among others. Nutrition therapy is advised for cancer patients to help maintain a good quality life ...

Abstract

The uses of radiation revolutionized medicine when experimentation on its potential applications begun. X-Ray technology, discovered by Wilhem Roentgen, is currently used as a common tool for diagnostics; Henri Becquerel, Marie Curie and Pierre Curie dedicated themselves to further investigations in the field, discovering additional radioactive materials (polonium and radium); radiation therapy is a popular treatment for cancer. This paper analyzes the historical background behind these two applications of radiation in the medical field. Moreover, the different types of radiotherapy are described (external-beam radiation therapy, internal radiation therapy). The concept of radiation homeostasis, which is the notion that low-dose ...

Tanya Cagnetti:

CANCER With the advancements in modernisation, many diseases have crept in into the human population. A good number of them are due to factors like sedentary lifestyle habits, improper dietary habits and a fast paced life. The hectic life nowadays leaves no time for the people to focus on their health. This leads to the development of numerous health issues which make the people suffer gravely in the long run. Some of these diseases may even prove to be fatal. One such disease is Cancer. It is a disease that can affect almost any part of the body and ...

Efficacy of HPV Immunization Amongst Adolescent Girls Within UK

Introduction: Human papilloma virus is the most common sexual transmitted virus in the U.K. More than 4 types of HPV variants, is found to infect both men and women. Genital areas, mouth and throat are commonly affected by the virus. The virus can be transmitted by intercourse between same sex and straight sex partners. Very rarely, the disease is transmitted from the pregnant mother to the baby. The virus has the potential to cause cancer and presently there is no cure for HPV infection. Among HPV types: HPV16 and 18 are highly oncogenic. FDA approved HPV vaccines are available ...

Part A: A Brawl in Mickey’s Backyard

The primary stakeholders in the SunCal’s plans are the; Employee unions and Disney. The secondary stakeholders will include; the Backers, Affordable housing advocates, the city council the other individuals and groups drawn by the prospect of reducing long commutes and the Save Our Anaheim Resort District group. The unions of employees are representing the Disney employees to ensure that they get affordable rental houses near their place of work. The Affordable Housing advocates are representing the employees; they are the voice of the employees for affordable housing. The other groups and individuals support the idea because it is ...

According to the NHS complementary therapies, also referred to as complementary and alternative medicine, CAM, are interventions against ailments that do not fall under mainstream medicine. However, NHS purports that there is a difference between ‘complementary’ and ‘alternative’ therapies, although the terms are always used together. The National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, NCCIH, gives a distinction between the two terms. A therapy is referred to as complementary when it is used alongside conventional medicine. Alternative therapy replaces conventional treatment, becoming the main intervention for a patient. This paper will focus on complementary therapies and how they impact ...

Introduction

Cancer is not a new disease. For many years, people had been suffering from it. While there are many clinical trials on their way, cancer remains to put people in misery and pain. As such, it is important to have a definitive knowledge of cancer. The knowledge of cancer should cover its diagnosis, treatment, complications, and how all of its physical and physiological consequences may be minimized. Furthermore, this paper will cover all of the aforementioned knowledge regarding cancer and describe the approach to the care of cancer patients.

Body

Approach to Care of Cancer Patients There are nearly 200 ...

Natural or nutritional supplements are comprised of herbal concoctions, other elemental mixtures or essential vitamins and minerals. They are typically available in the form of a pill, chew, gum, tea, shake, meal bar, and powder, and are offered with the promise of some medical, physical, or mental benefit. Hundreds of millions of dollars are spent on natural or nutritional supplements in the United States. Some people swear by the supplements they take, and use their own health as proof of the supplement working. At the same time, there are also harsh critics of these supplements. These people state that ...

Cardiovascular disease remains a major life threating disease facing many American communities. The risk is higher in the underserved communities especially in the remote parts of the country which west (2014) attributes to insufficient health education. According to Ewy, managing director of the University of Arizona Sarver Heart center, there has been a decline in the number of cardiovascular diseases related deaths from 40% to the current 34% of the total deaths in the America. The improvement has been attributed to timely treatment of causal diseases such as diabetes, high blood pressure among other heart diseases that continue to ...

Introduction

Quite often, people who smoke tobacco are perceived to be at a higher risk of lung cancer and other conditions associated with the smoking of tobacco than the people who though do not smoke, live with smokers. However, this perception is not necessarily accurate. Individuals who are exposed to the smoke from a burning tobacco have equal or higher chances of developing conditions associated with tobacco-smoking than their counterparts who are active tobacco smokers. The smoke from a burning tobacco can be inhaled by a non-tobacco smoker involuntarily. This kind of smoke is referred to as a secondhand smoke ( ...

Human papillomavirus (HPV) includes over 150 viruses that affect the skin and moist membranes lining the body. It can be transmitted through intimate skin contact and sexual intercourse (Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccines - National Cancer Institute, 2015). The epidemiologic triangle is a model developed to help study health problems. It helps develop an in-depth understanding of infectious diseases and how they spread. The triangle expresses a correlation between three aspects; agent, host, and the environment. In the context, an agent is defined as the cause of the disease, in this case, the Human Papilloma Virus. The host, on the ...

Introduction

Cancer affects the body’s most basic unit, the cell. Normally, cells grow and divide to form new cells. When cells grow old, they die to make room for new ones and new cells grow only when the body needs them. However sometimes the old cells do not die or new cells are produced when not needed by the body they form tumors. Tumors can be either benign or malignant (National Cancer Institute, 2011). and organs.

Slide 2

Benign tumors are non-cancerous and when removed they do not grow back. Malignant tumors are cancerous and most instances life threatening. When malignant ...

When determining the size of sample, researchers should know the number of animals or people needed since having inadequate sample size influence the overall results of the study (National Cancer Institute, 2012). Statistical power (p) level, error, and treatment variability are parameters which help researchers in choosing the appropriate sample size for a research (National Cancer Institute, 2012). Statistical power reveals how strongly participants will be influenced by treatment provided to them. The level of (P) assists researchers to determine probability of any variations within the subjects during the research (National Cancer Institute, 2012). Lastly, researchers determine the appropriate sample size ...

Opportunistic pathogen

A pathogen is a microorganism that can cause a disease or has the ability to cause a disease. An opportunistic pathogen is not different from any other kind of pathogen. The only difference is that, an opportunistic pathogen can cause a disease in a person who has a lower immunity or an impaired immune system, but not in someone who is healthy. In other words, an opportunistic pathogen, which can otherwise not harm a person, finds an opportunity to establish himself in the affected person’s body and cause some kind of disease (Pirofski, 2012).

An example of an opportunistic pathogen is the Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, which ...

Introduction

Quality of life and functioning relates to fulfillment of low level demands for life as outlined in Maslow’s hierarchy of basic human needs theory. It is the ability to acquire and enjoy fresh air as well as breathe efficiently. Also, it is to articulate one’s existence into self-actualization, which is the peak of successful living (Maslow, 1954 ). Therefore, in discussing this case study regarding the quality of life to be envisioned by a community health nurse for this distressed family it is imperative that strategies be designed to intervene for total well-being of all involved in Mrs. Thomas’ ...

Persons with genetic disposition to cancer are likely to have mutations in BRCA1 or BRCA2 genes that are likely to greatly increase the risk of such persons developing ovarian and/or ovarian cancer. In a normal person, the BRCA1 gene facilitates the making of a protein that is responsible to the suppression of tumor. The tumor suppressor proteins assist in preventing cells from increasing and dividing too quickly. Within the nucleus of normal cells, the BRCA1 gene interacts with other proteins to repair breaks in the DNA. The breaks in the DNA are usually caused by medical and natural radiations as well ...

The human heart, which is roughly the size and shape of a man’s closed fist, contains 4 chambers and 4 valves. The 4 chambers of the heart that divide its internal cavity into four regions are the right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium and the left ventricle. The atria constitute the upper chambers and the ventricles comprise the lower chambers. The two atria have thin walls and receive venal blood. Deoxygenated blood from the systemic veins is received by the right atrium. The left atrium receives blood which is oxygenated from the pulmonary veins. The two ventricles have thicker ...

Cancer is a term used to define a class of various diseases that entail irregular cell growth resulting in some forms of malignant tumors. When the malignant cells form in one part of the body, they affect the neighboring cells although the diseases can affect tissues far from the place that the cancerous tumor has developed. Recently, cases of cancers have been on the rise, and the reasons behind this could be pollution of the environments, lack of exercises, poor dietary habits, and consumption of carcinogenic substances. Cancer comes in various forms, and if detected early enough most of them are ...

Lung cancer (also called – carcinoma of lungs) is a type of malignant tumor. It emerges from cells paving lungs and bronchi. Usually it takes years for this type of cancer to develop. But if a person gets this type of disease most likely other organs will be affected as well. Lung cancer is a really dangerous for a human, as it is hard to diagnose it and it might be too late to treat it. This disease contributes to the major part of deaths throughout the developed countries. Annually there are about 1 million cases of lung cancer around the world. In addition, ...

Colorectal cancer, which is also commonly known as colon cancer is the second leading cause of cancer related deaths in the US. According to statistics retrieved from the centers for disease control, approximately 100,000 new cases of colon cancer are detected every year. The incidence of colon cancer is observed more commonly in patients that belong to higher socioeconomic background. Furthermore, colon cancer is most commonly detected in patients who are 50 years or older (CDC.gov). It was observed that approximately 49000 deaths occur annually on account of colon cancer. The death rate for colon cancer has been ...

Introduction

Lung cancer has remained the leading cause of cancer deaths in both men and women in United States. According to International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), approximately 1.35 million new cases of lung cancer are diagnosed across the world each year. There are a wide number of risk factors associated with lung cancer. These are smoking, exposure to asbestos, silica exposure, and diesel exhaust. The most common cause is the exposure to tobacco smoke through either active or passive smoking. Males are at a higher risk of lung cancer than females, a ratio of 7.8 to 5.8 respectively. There are five ...

- Research Problem, Hypothesis And Research Question Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) is one of the heart diseases which cause death among people in the United States. Cardiovascular diseases are primarily caused by diets that have high saturated fat contents e.g. cheese and fast foods, as well as food containing poisonous toxins (Robison et. al., 2014). The disease affects different structures and the general functioning of the heart. Among the structures affected include the blood vessels, the coronary artery, aorta and the heart valves. Functions of the heart that are affected are the heart rhythms, and it can also cause ...

The morning cup of coffee and all its varieties, is under a constant scrutiny for its impacts on health and cognition of consumers. Various studies have tried to showcase the effects of caffeine on the functioning of human body; in the present essay we will discuss some of the health benefits of coffee based on existing scientific research. Coffee is derived from the dried, roasted, and crushed seeds of the coffee plant. Coffee beans are rich in caffeine, antioxidants and various other phytochemicals. Studies show that the phytochemicals derived from coffee play a significant role in lowering neurodegenerative disease risk(Mikuls ...

Acrylamide is a substance that has the molecular formula of C3H5NO. The chemical acrylamide also is designated as prop- 2- amide. Acrylamide is a crystalline odorless white substrate that is soluble in chloroform, ether, ethanol and water. Acrylamide becomes decomposed in the presence of iron salts, iron, oxidizing agents, bases and acids. Acrylamide deconstructs into ammonia, carbon monoxide and nitrous oxides (European Food Safety Authority 1; Gilbert & Maurissen 32; Grob et al. 187; Lawley et al. 340; Mattram et al. 449; National Cancer Institute 1; Skog & Viklund 365; Zhang & Chen 7).

BACKGROUND

Acrylamide is a chemical substance that is applied in specific manufacturing ...

Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) is one of the heart diseases which cause death among people in the United States. Cardiovascular diseases are primarily caused by diets that have high saturated fat contents e.g. cheese and fast foods, as well as food containing poisonous toxins (Robison et. al., 2014). The disease affects different structures and the general functioning of the heart. Among the structures affected include the blood vessels, the coronary artery, aorta and the heart valves. Functions of the heart that are affected are the heart rhythms, and it can also cause both heart failure and heart attack. Various researches ...

Clinical trial – conducted at National Cancer Institute on end-of-life decision making for cancer patients

The National Cancer Institute consducted a clinical trial to find out if viewing the end-of-life video influences decision making of the preferred care given to the patients who suffer from malignant tumors. The purpose of the clinical trial was to determine whether supplementing a verbal description by use of goals-of-care video is likely to improve the end-of-life decision making processes for the patients suffering from malignanat glioma. Research have shown that individuals suffering from advanced cancer, are more comfortable when they are involved in the planning of their end-of-life care. Poor communication can disrupt proper discussions between the patients and the ...

(Author)

Regulation of Xiap Protein in Breast Cancer Breast Cancer Breast cancer is the type of cancer that develops in the tissues of the breast. Two most commonly reported types of breast cancer are “ductal carcinoma” and “lobular carcinoma”. Ductal carcinoma is initiated in the lining of the milk ducts, which are thin tubes involved in carrying of milk from lobules of the breast to the nipple. Ductal carcinoma can be in the form of Invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) as well as Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). IDC is the most commonly found type of breast cancer ...

Specific purpose: With this speech, the audience will: a) have a better understanding of the role of aluminum in deodorants/antiperspirants, b) understand the connection of aluminum to health problems, and c) know if we should worry about the use of deodorants/antiperspirants.

Introduction:

- Attention Getting Device: Who here happens to use deodorants or antiperspirants? Did you know that most deodorants and antiperspirants contain aluminum (Chameides)? Well, it just so happens that there exists a connection between aluminum and some serious health problems, such as breast cancer, Alzheimer’s disease and kidney problems (Watson). But, should you worry? - Thesis: There is a connection ...

Abstract

The research paper deals with the problem of Merkel cell carcinoma, chief peculiarities, and the possibility of medical treatment. Disease signs and symptoms are highlighted in the opening and subsequent paragraphs of the paper. The pathophysiology, etiology, manifestations, possible complications, and disease treatment are the focal point of the research paper. The research is based on the opinions of the finest subject-field experts, such as professors, doctors, and scientists. Keywords: Merkel cell carcinoma, medical treatment, disease, complication, cure Merkel cell carcinoma is an aggressive skin cancer usually caused by polyomavirus. Scientists and doctors have not managed to ...

1. Primary prevention avoids the development of a disease. Promotion activities such as health education are considered primary prevention. True or False (Explain) It is true that primary prevention avoids the development of a disease. Primary prevention involves all the measures that are taken to prevent any disease from occurring through reduction of the risk factors (Bloom, 1996) Risk factors are the conditions that when present, they encourage the development of a particular disease. Risk factors also encompass certain behaviors and exposures that have a potential of leading to occurrence of a given disease. Interventions that are taken may include but not ...

Abstract

This study was meant to find out the level of understanding of the various aspects of breast cancer in the society especially concerning its causes and the susceptible group. A survey was conducted and it was noted that there was some awareness about breast cancer in the society, however, it was not adequate. The study, therefore, also seeks to bring to light the approaches that have been proposed to combat the disease before it metastasizes.

Introduction

Cancer is a group of diseases collectively characterized by the multiplication of body cells that are no longer controlled by the body. There are several ...

Cell phones have become inseparable component of human life and it is beyond imagination to live without them in today’s fast life. Cell phones play very significant role in personal as well professional life. If there are advantages of cell phones, they also have a number of disadvantages. People today have started suffering from a number of diseases that affect human body and brain in a severe manner. Today, we are living in an environment that is full of electromagnetic radiation. This EMR is created by various electrical and electronic devices. These devices have become necessary part of our daily ...

Colon or colorectal cancer (CRC), as it is commonly known is the second leading cause of cancer associated deaths in the US (National Cancer Institute, 2013). The power point presentation highlights the various evidence based practices that can be presented and used by nurses for the care of CRC patients. The author has also utilized universal nursing language terminology (NIC and NOC) pertinent to management and care of CRC. Nurses can participate in or provide one the following evidence-based practices relevant to care of colorectal cancer patients. These include education, screening, treatment and follow up care. Nurses can ...

In clinical transplantation, an observed complication is that previous red blood cell (RBC) transfusions may reduce the risk of solid organ transplant rejection but increase the risk of bone marrow transplant (BMT) graft failure (Storb and Weiden, 1981). This statement is seemingly a contradiction. It is difficult to understand how RBC transfusions can both reduce the risk of solid organ transplant rejection and increase the risk of BMT rejection. But this contradiction can be resolved by understanding three considerations. First, the immune system is extremely complex and attempts to control its effects routinely have both positive and negative effects ( ...

Jasmine is diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), which is the most common form of pediatric cancers. It is caused by malignant transformations that occur in hematopoietic stem cells, making them undifferentiated cells with increased longevity. In ALL, those cells are called lymphoid cells, and their rate of proliferation causes fast growth and destruction of healthy bone marrow. Because of Jasmine’s age, the chances for an initial remission can be estimated at 95 percent (Rytting, 2012). However, achieving a complete cure is not a likely outcome, and an open and honest communication with Jasmine and her parents about her condition ...

PARAGRAPH 1

"Cigarette smoking, the chief avoidable cause of premature death in this country, is responsible for more than 300,000 premature deaths each year."(Letter from Otis Bowen, Secretary of Health and Human Services, to President George Bush, May 3, 1988). In a study by Henningfield, According to the American Heart Association research, helded in 2011, almost 440,000 deaths each year in the United States are caused by smoking. It leads to lung cancer, other cancers, chronic obstructive lung disease, heart disease, troubles with pregnancy, and lots other health effects. This negative habit affects every separate system in our ...

Abstract

This paper attempts to persuade young adults to refrain from or to quit smoking. It mentions the reasons why young people should quit smoking, and touches on the harmful effects of this practice. It outlines the powerful effects of nicotine and why this substance makes it difficult for people to break the smoking habit, even though they are fully aware of the adverse effects on their health. Despite the high level of public awareness in the United States about the harmful effects of smoking, tobacco consumption remains the leading preventable cause of disease and death in the United ...

Alternative medicine is the term given for medicinal products or services that are not a part of a standard medical care. It means nonstandard treatments that can be used along with the standard treatment. Some examples of alternative medicine are herbal medicines, acupuncture, chiropractic medicine, energy therapies, magnetic field therapy, hypnosis, Reiki, Ayurveda, Chinese Medicine, Traditional Medicine, and healing touch therapies (National Institute of Health, n.d.). These have been around for many years, but in literature, there is a support as well as controversy surrounding it. In some cases, there has been considerable research done while in some other cases, there has ...

Abstract

Skin cancers are cancers that affect the skin. These include melanoma, basal and squamous cell cancers. The symptoms include skin color change and appearance of skin ulcers, as well as, alterations in the moles that are on the skin. Smoking and ultraviolet radiations are some of the leading causes of skin cancer. The condition may be treated through radiations, chemotherapy among other means.

Introduction

Skin cancers refer to the types of cancer that affect the skin. These cancers include the basal cell cancer, squamous cell cancer and melanoma. The basal cell cancer is the type of cancer that arises from ...

The Legalization of Marijuana

The question of whether or not to legalize marijuana is one which has raised its head on a number of occasions and under a variety of contexts. Derived from the plant, Cannabis Sativa (Goode 1), it can be smoked or eaten or even inhaled through a vaporizer. Its effects can vary depending on the individual and its strength but it is generally thought of as being a psychoactive drug due to the effect it has on the user. Many people consider marijuana to be dangerous and to be the ‘gateway’ to other drug use and in terms of its use, it is only ...

Abstract

Cancer is an abnormal condition characterized by uncontrolled proliferation and spread of cells, such as in the colon, rectum, lung, breast and prostate. Cancer is caused by both external risk factors (physical inactivity, obesity, and radiation and chemicals exposure) and internal factors (innate mutations, and immune and hormonal aberrations). Cancer can remain dormant for ten years following contagion for it to manifest itself. Cancer is managed through surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy-where various drugs are used. Cancer death rate shows a disparity since higher deaths are reported in populations of low socioeconomic status than the well-off populace. Cancer infections also show ...

Cancer Treatment Worldwide

Cancer industry and Big Pharma's effect on treatment and drugs in the United States of America is different from that of other countries’ largely because of its interaction with the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) . The United States’ Patent Office also has its share in the problem. Pharmaceutical companies do not want to fund research into a drug that will not pass through the FDA usage guidelines if it will be off patent before it can be sold for cancer treatment , , . A new law, signed in July 2012 will change how the industry views this. While patent ...

Technological advancements result in both benefits and harmful risks to human populations. One such advancement is the introduction of mobile phones in the society. Before the cell phone age (before 2000), telephones were common and were used in every business and social setting. Cell phones are mobile phones designed for mobility, have small sizes, and have advanced features such as camera and internet services (Schuz et al., 2006). Popularity of cell phones has surged since the turn of the new millennium. The reasons are listed by Schuz et al. (2006) as due to; advanced features such as cameras and ...

Business Plan

Part 1: Identify appropriate networking strategies Question Contact 2 Contact 3 Why is this person important to my success? Mr. Green is an alumni from my university and is currently a business consultant. I am interested in his direct experience in this field as well as his viewpoint the pros and cons of the profession. Mr. Scott is important to my success since he did the same course and he is currently pursuing his master’s degree in public administration and he is in a position to give me direction on master’s course to ...

3.1. As a care worker in a specific care setting:

3.1.a. Explain what you understand by reliability of information during complementary therapies.

As a care worker in a specific care setting such as geriatric care or cancer care, there has to be more than enough information needed to support any decision to turn to complimentary therapies for relief. Although some of the unconventional therapies are said to have originated from ancient practices, it is still not enough to justify its effectiveness and reliability. Some health clinics offering alternative healing advertise their services through the internet, newspaper or magazine. There is still a need for ...

‘Medical Marijuana’ is the term used to contrast the use of marijuana as a pharmaceutical to the recreational use of marijuana; it is marijuana which is used as a pharmaceutical (NCI, 2012; Louie, 2005). Marijuana is a species of cannabis so that term is also used when discussing medical marijuana (Fichtner, 2010, 63-64). Hash, hashish oil and marijuana are all made from parts of the Cannabis sativa plant (NCI, 2012; Louie, 2005). The pharmaceutical effects that relieve symptoms such as chronic pain and nausea are due to the active ingredient in the marijuana plant called THC. The chemical name is delta9tetrahydrocannnabinol (NCI, ...

Discussion Questions

Response to Question 1 A diagnosis of cancer in any patient brings to the fore a host of emotions. It usually activates the patient's worst health fears. A diagnosis of cancer in any patient may bring up emotions like fear, anxiety and a feeling of isolation (National Cancer Institute, 2012). The patient is eager to know many things about their condition. Adjustment to cancer is arguably one of the most difficult and most stressful periods of most people's lives (Melchor-Beaurpe 2008). A poorly differentiated cancer cell is a pointer to the fact that the cancer cell is a rapidly dividing cell. ...

Ethics in Relation to Scientific Communication

Scientific communication is the sharing of scientific information amid scientists and the members of a community through different media. Scientists have an ethical obligation towards good communication between them and the general public. Normally many people view ethics as rules that are used to distinguish between right and wrong. However, ethics can be defined as the standards for conduct that differentiate tolerable and intolerable conduct. Professional scientific papers are not usually available to the general public and scientists are obliged to engage the community through other mediums such as public discussions, articles on the internet and other press and interviews ...

Introduction

Contrary to what most people believe, American men are more prone to skin cancer than women (Voiland, 2008). In fact, according to statistics, more men die due to skin cancer than women every year and there are reasons behind this fact. This paper will identify some of the most common reasons why men are more prone to skin cancer than women using strong evidences from journals and publications synthesized over the internet and from books.

What is Skin Cancer?

Before trying to compare both sexes’ vulnerability for skin cancer, it may be wise to identify first and know the nature of the said disorder. ...

1.0 Introduction Breast cancer is a type of disease where certain breast cells develop abnormally mostly in the milk ducts and lobules leading to formation of tumors. The exact cause of breast cancer is a topic that has flavored many debates and researches but still remains unknown. However a plethora of research has established that certain risk factors have a direct linkage with breast cancer. Breast cancer related risk factors are wide and varied and may include lifestyle choices like smoking/ diet or factors that are beyond the control of a person like gender, age or family history. It is however worth noting ...

Introduction

Shift work is basically any work outside the normal daylight hours and may differ from one work place to another. Given that up to 25% of the American population encounters shift work at some point in their career the subject of shift work has attracted a plethora of research especially with regard to the health implication of shit work[ CITATION Occ10 \l 1033 ]. There is a growing body of knowledge implicating shift work for on-job injuries and catastrophes, disruption of families and societal fabric, pathological conditions of both physiological and psychological nature. Of particular interest to this review are the health ...

Abstract

The Human Variome Project (HVP) is a global initiative to collect, curate and make accessible data on genetic variations that affect human health. The HVP was launched in 2006 following the recommendations of a meeting co-sponsored by the World Health Organization (WHO) in Melbourne, Australia. The meeting came up with at least 96 recommendations that were grouped in 12 categories. The idea of the HVP was prompted by the fact there was a lot of ongoing work on curation of the genetic variation data across the globe but the efforts lacked coordination often resulting in incomplete or inaccurate data. HVP is therefore a ...

Why marijuana should be used for treatment in cancer patients to relieve nausea and vomiting, stimulate appetite and discuss their side effects. For many years, marijuana has been used to treat various ailments. During the 19th and 20th centuries, many journals were published on the medicinal benefits of marijuana. However, its use started declining in the early twentieth century as a result of development of alternative therapies and also due to legislation that put it under controlled substances. Nevertheless, medicinal marijuana is increasingly becoming advocated to help in managing chronic diseases, especially cancer. There are people with cancer ...

Introduction

“Breast cancer is classified by diverse schemata.” Explains; Ivan. &. Lakhmi. (2010) “every phase influence treatment reaction and prognosis. The breast cancer can be categorized in different stages by; pathology, receptor status, grade and the presence. The initial stage (stage 0) is a pre-malignant disease or marker. The second stage (stages 1-3) this are early cancer which is potentially curable. The last stage is called the advanced stage (stage 4) it is also called metastatic cancer. At this stage the cancer is incurable.” (Ivan. &. Lakhmi. 2010)

Ivan & Lakhimi (2010) further explains that “the initial symptom ...