Essays on Individual Rights

Morality and Abortion

1. Is abortion in any sense a moral question, or is it purely a question of individual rights? One strongly believes that abortion is both, a moral issue, as well as a question of individual rights. According to one’s research, abortion falls within the ethical and moral realm in terms of the curtailment of life of the unborn . Accordingly, the authors asserted that “pro-life activists make the cunning argument that abortion is equivalent to murder, and murder is not ethical. Therefore, abortion is unethical” . However, abortion is also a question of individual rights since the woman carrying the ...

International Human Rights Law and Prisons in Africa

Term Paper 4500 words

Introduction

The International Centre for Prison Studies’ World Prison Brief, in its report suggested that over 10 million individuals are formally incarcerated in prison and correctional facilities around the world. According to the same Brief, even more are held in either military facilities where they are detained or in security or police facilities without any specific legal process underway. There are three categories that the United States’ (U.S). Government has for humanitarian and human rights concerns as they relate to these individuals who are housed in a detention facility that is; 1. unsafe in terms of ...

The Bill of Rights and the Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizens, both published in 1791, were important documents in the history of the world that greatly influenced the 1984 United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Both these articles provided the foundation for the United States Constitution, as well as the creation of the first republic government of France. Guided by the spirit and philosophical ideology of liberalism surrounding the aftermath of the French Revolution, both documents endeavored to create and establish an ideal liberal democratic government in both United States and France However, the French revolution ...

Values Clarification and Ethical Legal Case Analysis

Values Clarification Values dictate the way people function both personally and professionally. In nursing practice, having clear values is essential in achieving moral competence (Jormsri et al., 2005). In completing the value clarification exercise, forty-two items were answered. Of these forty-two items, 15 responses were “mostly agree” and another 15 responses were “mostly disagree.” Six responses were “somewhat disagree”, three responses were “somewhat agree”, and the final three responses were “neutral.”

In a cluster that relates to issues raised by advanced technology, I had some agreements and disagreements. Giving extraordinary medical treatments to patients is essential, particularly when the ...

The U.S. Bill of Rights The Bill of Rights was proposed and passed through twelve amendments but only ten were successfully ratified and became part of the United States Constitution, which was at first considered incomplete because it lacked what proponents called the basic human rights. The common belief at that time was that the framing and ratification of the Bill of Rights was to eliminate fears of the Anti-Federalists that the proposed Constitution did not satisfactorily guarantee individual freedoms. Even if individual liberty was important during the debate for the bill of rights, the Bill of Rights was ...

The doctrine of direct effect under the European Law is a principle that allows the EU laws, regulations directives and treaties to apply directly to the nationals of the Member States of the EU without necessarily being incorporated into the national laws through acts of legislation (Ward 74). Under this doctrine, national courts are under a strict obligation to recognize and eforce the EU laws to confer rights on the nationals of those states where their rights have been infringed by their states or state corporations (Conway 216). According to Fisher, this doctrine deals with the determination of the ...

In the summer of 1884, four English sailors, Thomas Dudley, Edward Stephens, Brooks and Richard Parker who was a cabin boy were cast away in a storm in the Atlantic Ocean and were forced to put into an open boat from which they were stranded. Inside the boat, they had only two tins of turnips. They lacked supply of water and food for three days. Fortunately, on the fourth day they caught a turtle on which they fed till the twelfth day when it was entirely consumed. The depended on the sporadic rain for the supply of fresh water. ...

Liberty is defined as a state where people have a right to speech and expression, whereas the Equality is defined as a position of being just, particularly in status, rights, or chances. In the history of the world, many wars and revolutions have taken place to achieve rights which each person deserves. Out of these, the rights to Equality and liberty have always been the principal focus. This was the case in the American Revolution as well. After gaining independence, these rights were highlighted in various documents like the Declaration of Independence, the Law and the Bill of Rights. ...

America exists as a highly ethnically diverse democratic country. In the mid-twentieth century, Edward Murrow voiced a budding hope about the improving standards of equality across races and genders (NPR, 2005). Equality within the American society describes the equitable sharing of all national resources across diverse social groups such as race, gender, and sexual orientation. Since the eradication of segregation in America, numerous strategies aimed at standardizing healthcare across races have been put in place. However, despite these efforts, there still exist persisting and puzzling health disadvantages to African Americans (Mays, Cochran, & Barnes, 2007).

Principles of Public Health Ethical Statement

In an ideal situation, ethics ...

Public defenders are often negatively portrayed in the media and popular culture. They are unfairly stigmatized and stereotyped as being incompetent, overworked, and lazy. While the prosecutor is responsible for zealously bringing forth and proving criminal charges against the defendant, it is the public defender’s job to zealously advocate and protect the defendant’s individual rights. In the community corrections realm, the role of public defenders should be to represent these low-level offenders and ensure that throughout the adjudication process, their rights are preserved. Within community corrections, a public defender may represent juvenile offenders or defendants who are ...

Panopticism is a term that symbolizes a form of repressive measures that are taken to discipline society in the form of surveillance. Panopticism forms part of the disciplinary mechanisms that the country may use as part of counterterrorism policies. Some of these disciplinary measures are in the form of technical devices using high powered surveillance cameras that can be found in public places such as airports. Panopticism in the airport aims to prevent future aircraft piracy and hijacks by using data analysis and intelligence gathering through surveillance devices. One of the effects of 9/11 is the creation of the ...

Abstract

This paper begins with an introduction that provides a general overview as well as the setting of the play A Doll’s House. It also sets out to provide an analysis of how Ibsen portrays the rights of women through the female characters in his most famous plays, A Doll’s House and Ghosts. The paper begins by evaluating the rights of woman as portrayed through the experiences of the female characters in the Doll’s House. In particular, the primary focus of this part is Nora, who is a central character in the play. Accordingly, the play proceeds ...

HIV screening is a procedure that many countries have adopted the world over in a bid to get the necessary statistics to ensure effective detection and treatment of the virus. However, Mandatory HIV screenings is a radical measure that raises various moral and legal questions with regard to the need to protect the society and the duty to respect individual rights. There are various moral arguments that are aimed at supporting mandatory HIV screenings including paternalism, prevention of vertical transmission, and facilitation of behavior change.

Prevention of Vertical Transmission of the Virus

Mandatory HIV screenings during prenatal care are essential because they help to prevent the ...

Vaccination is the process by which the immunity of an individual is stimulated to develop protection against pathogens by the use of antigens called vaccines. Vaccination has been in use for a long period and has seen prevention and reduction of communicable and infectious diseases. The use of vaccines to prevent diseases was commonly used in children aged between 0 and 6 years; however, after scientific developments and discoveries it gained traction among adults (Habakus & Holland 2011). To protect the weak, elderly and the immune compromised individuals versus an individual’s right to say no to a vaccine is ...

Abstract

This paper discusses the moral behavior theories that were postulated by two psychologists Lawrence Kohlberg and Sigmund Freud. Though Kohlberg believes that human moral judgment and actions are as a result of an interaction between both their physical environment and their conscience, Sigmund believes that there are mental processes that are deterministic to one’s moral behaviors and therefore it is proper to seek explanations concerning the mental state upon which an individual made certain moral decisions and not merely examine the outcome of such behaviors. In contrast to Sigmund Freud, Lawrence Kohlberg came up with a model, stages ...

Internet Security, Privacy Risks and Vulnerabilities

Internet Security, Privacy Risks and Vulnerabilities

Introduction

Technological solutions are rapidly changing and the internet is accessible to almost everyone hence bringing about many benefits as well as improving the quality of life. However, serious downsides of security and privacy risks and vulnerabilities are involved. This essay looks into the risks of security and privacy, its technological effects, common attack strategies and damage mitigation.

Despite the numerous benefits of internet usage, it serves as an avenue of breeding criminals as hackers and other devious people who steal information for illegal purposes. This makes the internet as much risky as it ...

The U.S. Articles of Confederation and Constitution

Articles of Confederation versus the Constitution of 1787 The 2nd article defines the sovereignty of the state which is fundamental to the new nation’s existence. At first glance, this may seem to go against the spirit of confederation but it actually stabilizes it by reiterating the foundation of the freedom of self-rule which was the basis of the revolution. While it accedes to aspects of federal rule that have been duly and clearly agreed among the states, the article establishes the natural state of the state to be free to conduct ...

Question 1: International relations mainstream theories

The contribution of post modernism to the field of international relations has been far-reaching. The major element of this approach is the criticism to Marxism. It takes various strands of thinking and among them is the constructivist which is based on the philosophy of constructivism being applied in social settings. The theory talks about what it means to say that something is socially constructed. It illustrates social beliefs and facts that seem to have some sense of reality in them. But in reality, these social beliefs would function for individuals as I they ...

The progressive era is a historical period of political and economic reforms from 1900 to 1918, which transformed the American society. The various movements during the Progressive era focused on major areas, such as equality, individual rights, economic justice and many others. In the gilded age, there was inequality in many segments of the American society, such as the African Americans, women and immigrants. Advocates of the Democratic Party, Republican Party and members of the third parties focused on specific issues of the country and developed various political, social and economic reforms, which have been influencing the American society until ...

- The extent to which. the Proposed Consent Decree squarely addresses the situation, the policy and procedure, directive, and the appellate court decision

Consent decree is the resolving of a lawsuit where an individual or a corporation reaches a resolution to take specific actions without admission of guilt for the occurrence that resulted to the lawsuit. This settlement is contained in a court order as the court instructs relief against the defendant and comes to a decision to the maintenance of jurisdiction against the case to ensure the settlement is followed (Hensley et al, 2006, pg. 389). This case involves Plaintiffs Jack Jones and ...

Introduction

Internet has changed our lives in many ways; the information technology has made modern, well-developed and advanced world where life gets easier than ever before. People use internet technology for attaining information in the most inexpensive and easiest way. The study suggests that around 900 million people in the world are using the internet (Masci 1998, 14). This is one of the best medium of communication. However, the question arises, are there any challenges associated with internet privacy or security or not? The internet privacy is defined as a status in which individual’s information is not being accessed without ...

Introduction to Criminal Justice

Question one: Explain why individual rights and public order perspectives are such contentious issues in contemporary American Society

Individual rights refer to personal or individual freedoms that are accorded to human beings and are guaranteed in the Bill of Rights. Some of the individual rights enshrined in the law include the right to petition, right to bear arms, right to vote, among others. An individual rights perspective calls for the protection of personal freedoms without any abridgement in the criminal justice system. On the other hand, when viewed from a public order perspective, it is suggested that individual rights or personal freedoms can be overridden when public safety is at stake. Indeed, public order advocates believe that under ...

Political socialization is a development process where individuals acquire political behavior and orientation in which acceptable norms of a political system is passed on from one generation to another. Political opinion of every individual is influenced by social factors such as religion, race and ethnicity, media, peers and family. These factors affect their political views throughout their lives.

Role of Religion in Political Socialization

Throughout the history, religion has been used by leaders as a projection for political ambition. This is based on the principle that a leader should set as a good example and behave in a way his people expect of him by following a strict pattern of moral and ...

What is The Bill of Rights 

The Bill of Rights is an official list of amendments, which defines the freedom that is owned by the citizens and the limits of the power of the federal government. Most importantly, the Constitution and the Bill of Rights help in dictating the rights and enhancing the law in cases pertaining to the violation of the freedom of rights. Therefore, the Bill of Rights forms the core basis of liberties and freedom that every individual has an inherent right against the federal government (Alexander & Alexander, 2005). Conversely, the elimination of the amendments from the constitution may be inconsiderable and ...

Crime and the criminal justice system

Crime is an act that violates or breaks a given set of rules or laws and which may lead to the person being prosecuted. Crimes vary from region to region and also from the different countries. The constitution governs acts of crime, disputes and also defines the laws of a county or country. When a person commits a crime, the kind of action to be taken against that person and the equivalent punishment are defined within the laws.

Basis through which the society determines the criminality of an individual’s actions

The society uses two main models to determine criminal acts. A violation of any of the issues addressed by this model leads to a criminal act ...

The social system which is based on individual rights is referred to as Capitalism. In the political scenario it refers to the system of freedom, and in the legal field it refers to the system of objectivity in laws. The economists call it a free market economy where there are free flow of goods and services. Socialism on the other hand refers to a state that is centrally planned and the economy and other means of production are controlled by the government. This e essay is meant to discuss the key tenets of socialism and capitalism and also focuses on the ...

King clearly prefers the Aboriginal history of creation. It is not merely because she relishes the presentation of these stories in contrast to the Western version of Adam and Eve’s fall from grace. In her mind, once dissected, these stories illustrate the vast gulf between the Western concepts of sovereignty and individual rights and the Aboriginal notions of these very same ideas. King feels the very fabric of and the parables espoused in these stories illustrate how the Western ideal of is of a much stronger, centralized body of governance where people are punished accordingly if they do not ...

Scenario 1

Accept. According to the city ordinance rules, it is considered a crime to display any symbol that may have an effect f arousing anger or resentment. The stipulations further indicate that this should not be allowed on the basis of color, creed and gender. Spreading hate messages and propaganda is illegal in that it significantly contributes to increased violence in a locality. Using graffiti, vandalism and burning crosses with the intention of creating a climate that is characterized by fear among the members of the community is a crime punishable by law. Citizens have the right to stay in a conducive environment free from ...

Explain why individual rights and public order perspectives are such contentious issues in contemporary American Society

Individual rights are such a contentious issue in contemporary American Society because some laws cannot be interpreted in the same ways for all the cases. Individual rights have been outlined by the Founders and written in the Bill of Rights. The Founders believed that an individual has a right for freedom of speech, religion, press, as well as the freedom for unreasonable searches. Besides, an individual has social, political and economic freedoms. Nowadays, there are many cases, in which the individual rights have been violated (for example the cases of unreasonable searches and seizures). However, the trial did not take into ...

Introduction

Islamic criminal justice system is unique compared to other criminal justice systems of the world, for example, the British criminal justice system or even the American criminal justice systems. Whereas the essence of penology in an American justice system would be aimed at imposing stiff punishment to heavy or complex crimes, Islamic criminal justice system is aimed at imposing the stiffest penalty to simple crimes so that more complex crimes are not committed in future. The penalty is thus deterrent in a special way. Furthermore, this justice system practiced by Muslims is ordained by God, implemented by the Prophet and, ...

QUESTION 1

The first cost incurred is the repatriation of profits from the small countries by multinational corporations. In some cases, most of the profits accrue to the developed nations. The second cost is the transfer of skilled labor from the market of the small country to other countries with better conditions.

QUESTION 2

The United Sates should engage in the funding of capital projects in its foreign aid. For instance, it should engage in funding projects such as housing when it embarks on foreign aid. The initiative will help to improve the living standards of people in those countries. In the ...

The Americans are deeply divided, within themselves and among themselves on the democracy subject. Democracy is sometimes taken to be the highest value in America (Miller, 1991), but at other times, democracy is construed to be a nightmare in the nation. Pure and untainted democracy is said to lead to persecution of minority communities by the majority. Essentially, democracy is responsible for holding of prayers in schools, banning and labeling of records and books, emergence of restrictions on drugs, abortion, sex, and alcohol. Additionally, democracy has been responsible for fueling of racial segregation and unwarranted discrimination. On the other hand, ...

Michael Moore believes that while it maybe morally wrong to ingest drugs, that a general principle of liberty should allow free citizens the political liberty to ingest them for recreational purposes. He believes this because he believes the freedom to harm oneself (using recreational drugs) is of a higher order than politically restricting that liberty to do so. He shows historically how t a general principle of liberty is elusive since “Anything that could be called a general right to liberty has proved elusive to the considerable number of philosophers who have pursue it” (Moore, 82). Moore distinguishes between legal rights that should ...

An individual is the basic unit of society for most Western democracies. As such, laws and the execution of laws (one form of justice) in these societies focus on individual rights. Justice can be seen as two parts. Justice is one sense is reparations, or punishment that a society inflicts upon an individual. This essay looks at texts of Martin Luther King, Sigmund Freud and Thomas Jefferson in order to ascertain each of their guiding philosophies on what consisted of individual rights and justice. Each of them falls in line in a very particular philosophical school of thought with regard to ...

Intellectual property is employed in multiple areas to govern individual rights to and ownership of products and ideas of the mind. These laws play a big role in encouraging people to be more innovative and creative to come up with new ideas. Protection of these ideas is essential as one will be credited for their contribution to the innovation. In essence, intellectual property rights have a general benefit to the society. The originator of the idea or work/ creation is granted a bundle of rights to own and use the ideas or the intellectual creation as they may desire (Charnley, 2011). In ...

A federal act of congress can be used to refer to the common laws formulated and enacted by the congress in the United States. The laws endorsed could either be common or public depending on how they will relate to the people and their effects. If a law is termed as public, then it applies to every individual in the country and no one is considered to be above the law in this case. On the other hand, private statues relate to explicit rules that apply to a particular group of people (Jensen, J. 2006). For instance, a group of certain professionals ...

Arunabha Banerjee

Senior Associate, Corporate & Compliance Solutions, Thomson Reuters Abstract This article proposes to compare the reigns of Chief Justice Earl Warren and William Rehnquist, two stalwarts of the Federal Supreme Court, in influencing civil rights protection jurisprudence in the history of American Constitutional law. After individually addressing key aspects of their respective tenures, the article delves into a comparative analysis and examines recent trends in protection of civil liberties in light of past developments and future prospects. Keywords: Supreme Court, Warren, Rehnquist, Civil Rights, Civil Liberties, Constitution, National Security

Introduction

The Federal Supreme Court in the United States of ...

Episode 2: Utilitarianism

The utilitarianism theory is referred to as a normative theory because of its characteristics and positive advocacies in the society, for example, its championship for a utilitarian society that is free from control of the government and one that causes more happiness (West, 214). The proponents of the utilitarianism theory believe that human beings are rational and are able to judge between good ideas and bad ones. Human beings have their individual rights that should be respected and not be infringed at any cost. One of the human rights supported by utilitarianism and one that is deeply discussed in one of ...

In the exploration of the current controversy over the Second Amendment given the recent debates that have sparked from the many school and neighborhood shootings, it becomes evident that there are a diverse number of positions on the subject. These positions represent the fundamental issue that underlies the effects that this type of legislation would have as well as the way in which it is informed. Their differences arise due to important factors that contribute to their existence. This existence pertains to how the basis for gun control should be established. The issue is that, while it is important ...

How good people make tough choices: Resolving the dilemmas of ethical living

Kidder’s book entitled as above makes interesting reading on what people encounter in their day to day lives as ethical dilemmas with tough choices of choosing or deciding between right vs. right. Kidder went to the extent of establishing an Ethics Institute inviting people to join a think tank for resolving the tough choices. It was while the author was interviewing in 1986 Barbara Tuchman, twice Pulitzer Prize historian, he was warned of imminent breakdown of public morality unable to make choices between two right ethical decisions an issue as serious as The Nuclear Threat, Environmental Degradation, The population ...

The 1960’s was marked by global complexities in culture and political trend. It is, however, the age of reform and rebirth in US history. The sixties were a decade that was full of promise and hope to follow the heightened social consciousness that opened the minds of the people. It was period that wishes to fight social injustice that corrupts the social system. To curve this, politics was perceived to be the best solution. However, many social and political analysts thought that it was presumptuous to assume that politics can provide a remedy to the ailing community. Among them were ...

Individual Rights

Individual Rights Individual Rights vis-à-vis Social Order Individual rights pertain to the liberties and freedoms embraced in the human rights of every person. These rights are validated, confirmed and guaranteed by the Bill of Rights and the Constitutional amendments. These rights include the freedom to practice (or not) religion, freedom of speech, freedom of the press, freedom of assembly, freedom of petition, right against self-incrimination, right against self-incrimination, right to due process, and other rights granted in criminal proceedings (US Constitution). In democracies, such as the United States, individual rights play a significant role in society. Social ...

States governments are through legislations, responsible for various individuals’ rights and freedoms. Over the years, individual liberty has been a topic of discussion among many state governments around the globe. Individual liberty is described as the freedom of citizens of a particular state to conduct various activities without interference from the government. The state government, usually, has less or no power over the individuals’ conduct and behavior. Individuals under democratic governments, usually, have and enjoy varied social, political, and economic liberties in their undertakings. By contrast, some state governments have a complete control over individual liberties. The concept of individual liberty can ...

Individual Right versus Collective Good and the US Policy of Mandatory Overtime Regulation in Nursing Profession

Individual Right versus Collective Good and the US Policy of Mandatory Overtime Regulation in Nursing Profession

Individual rights are those rights that one holds even if he/she belongs to a certain group of people. On the other hand, collective good is what the group majority regards as right or desirable regardless of how its members are differentiated (Griffiths, 2012). Historically, these concepts have remained controversial as they are being witnessed in the policy of mandatory overtime regulation in nursing profession (Griffiths, 2012; Feutz-Harter, 2012). According to Bae, Brewer and Kovner (2011), before 2010, nurse overtime was essential to control chronic ...

Introduction to American Government: Chapter One

I am interested with chapter one on the United States constitution because its offers a thorough analysis on the content of the America constitution. The chapter analyses the importance of the constitution in American development. Some of the key milestones in the making of the constitution are also clearly described in the chapter. The chapter also takes note of the importance of the constitution in enhancing unity and development in the country. In addition to this, the constitution explains the role and contribution of all the parties in the country’s social and political progress. The analysis of the chapter ...

Following APA Guidelines

Academic Affiliation: On the unfortunate morning that the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks took, place people around the globe have forced the population to reassess security measures. Once thought to be one of the safest countries in the world, the United States revealed itself to have several breaches when the towers fell. The new, restrictive guidelines to help keep citizens safe began slowly. The airport began keeping a firmer, more watchful eye on boarding passengers, as well as their luggage while the government began to take more notice of the nation’s borders. Slowly people began to feel safe ...

- Characteristics of the nation-state and transnational entities A nation-state refers to an organized community living under one government that derives administrative legitimacy from serving an independent unit for a realm as an independent territorial entity. The term nation-state is derived from nation and state. Nation refers to a coming together of people sharing a culture and language. A nation does not necessarily assume a formal political entity. On the other hand, a state is a political legally formed entity that comprises of a defined territory, a government, a permanent population, and the ability to enter into legal relations with other states. Of note is that a government ...

Introduction

Public safety is a significant part of every society life. To be happy, people need to feel safe. Moreover, safety s one of the stages in the Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. On the contrary, every individual has rights. I some cases, public safety and individual rights conflict with each other. This essay is aimed at researching the issue of relations between public safety and individual rights. The essay will be divided into four parts. In the first part, I will research the issue of statutory authorities and responsibilities of government officials, security personnel, and private citizens. The second part ...

Introduction

In this assignment on principles of health and social care practice, I will explain how principles of support are applied to ensure the holistic care and safeguard of a service user as well as other staff members. I will highlight the benefits of person centred care and discuss the ethical issues and dilemmas that may arise when providing support and protection to users of healthcare services from a carer’s perspective. Whilst implementing the policies, legislations and regulations i will also indentify where these policies and procedures can be developed and evaluate its impact on organizational policy and practice. I will also ...

Langston Hughes in his poem “Let America Be America Again” paints a picture of an America that is a deprivation of the ideal people have about it. He mentions that America has never lived up to this ideal, but that he is dedicated to it becoming that ideal. He writes, “America never was America to me, /And yet I swear this oath— /America will be!” The poem is as much a wish of how Hughes wants America to be but sees that it is currently not. He writes, “Let it be that great strong land of love /Where never kings connive nor tyrants ...

Abstract

The concept of human rights has evolved over time and today, human rights are used as the yardstick upon which people measure a government’s treatment of its people. Human rights have been proffered as universal rights that occur to man by his being human. It may well be stated that human rights in modern day are synonymous to religion. They seek to define the moral code within which a government treats its people. Several theoretical approaches have been put forward in an endeavor to explain the basis of human rights. some of the theoretical approaches include the natural rights theory ...

Philosophy

Morality is a very important concept in human life. It is a guiding principle on what is right and wrong. Without ethics, life can be so challenging because everyone will have to behave the way they want without thinking about the interests and welfare of others. In medicine, it is essential for each and every practitioner to comply with the standard ethical requirements expected of this profession. This should be done in compliance to the Hippocratic Oath which they commit themselves to, upon the completion of their training. Thus, it is true that without ethics, the medical practitioners will not act ...

Collective Bargaining Rights and how they Impact Employment Law in the U.S. (Name of your Course) (Name of your Tutor) (Date of Submission

Abstract

In the United States, collective bargaining rights have provided a stable voice to the millions of employees against their employers who represent the industrial organizations and companies. Collective bargaining plays a strong role in defining the terms of employment in the U.S. and thus, it has had significant impact on the various employment laws that have emerged in the nation. They dictate the overall cost of employing and firing new members of staff in the company ...

Democratization has been an overarching theme in several modern countries and the ruling regime. Much premium has been placed on the process of democratization which entails the progressive movement towards attaining democratic ideals in a nation. Democracy is associated with several properties and components which include free and orderly elections, a vibrant civil society, a constitutional legitimacy of the ruling government, an emphasis on civil liberties as opposed to an authoritarian regime with little regard for individual rights. There is a stronger media space which is able to explore and cast the spotlight on the affairs of the government with the end result ...

The American government has had to implement strategic measures in efforts to counter terrorism. Indeed, after the 9/11 attacks, America has been on the offensive with the strategy premised on prevention. However, while every effort to defend the territorial integrity and sovereign of America is welcomed, it is essential that such processes adhere to the law. In that strain, it is partially regrettable that America has resorted to using drones against its own citizens. Indeed, the confession by the Attorney General that since 2009, four citizens have succumbed to drone attacks comes as a wakeup call to the observation of ...

- The Fourth Amendment Terry Vs. Ohio 1968 is one of the landmark judicial rulings by the United States Supreme Court that maintained the Fourth Amendment. The Fourth amendment does not give the police the authority of conducting arbitrary searches and seizures on individuals if they are suspecting of committing a crime. The Fourth Amendment declares “the right of the people to be secures in the persons houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures; shall not be violated and no warrants shall be issued, but upon probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the ...

Introduction

An order of Habeas Corpus also known as the Great Writ is a Latin term which basically means produce the body. The writ is usually given by a court requiring a jailer to produce a prisoner before a judge within a certain period, failure of which exposes the jailer to legal sanctions for contempt of court. It has been touted for long as the bedrock of personal liberty in both the American and British legal systems. The objective of the writ is not to determine the innocence or otherwise of the detainee but rather to evaluate the lawfulness of such detention and whether it satisfies ...

Preferential government policies seek to give preferences in employment and education to marginalized ethnic groups. These policies are unique to countries that implement them. In some countries, the Preferential Government Policies are known as “Affirmative Action”,” positive discrimination” or “sons of the soil preferences”. Irrespective of a county’s approach to these policies, Preferential Government Policies serve one prime role: to accord the disadvantaged ethnic groups special preferences. (Thomas, 1989 p. 21). In spite of the varying nature of Preferential Government Policies, they exhibit very similar political consequences in diverse political and cultural set-up. Every government in the world ...

Discussion 1

The New Deal refers to measures aimed at achieving a steady economic recovery, providing relief for the poor and unemployed, and reforming the financial institutions. These measures were taken by President Roosevelt in his first term in office. The significance of the introduction of the New Deal during President Franklin Roosevelt’s first term in office to constitutionalism in the United States cannot be gainsaid. However, during the mid-1930s, there was a major disagreement between the constitutional aspects regarding the New Deal and the Supreme Court (Strout, 1933). As a result of the disagreement the ‘Court Packing Plan’ emerged and a subsequent constitutional ...

Question #1

The freedoms awarded by the governments to its citizens are fundamental and they form the limits to which activities and liberties are allowed. The controversy to whom the right or is the discretion of the kind of music to be listened to in a country that considers itself a much liberal one and holds pride in herself on the freedom of choice for all. Leete`s proposition of whom should be vested the rights to decide what kind of music we listen to and it is up to that limit every other persons rights is not infringed. This is to ...