Essays on Kohlberg

Introduction

Ethics came from the Greek word ‘ethos,’ or character. In the modern context, ethics refer to the study of normative behavior. It is commonly understood as standards of behavior that ought to be followed under certain circumstances and the moral reasoning behind such actions. Ethics does not necessarily make people do good; nor is it an attribute that is only exclusive for good people. In fact, there are good people that exhibit unethical behavior, especially when under pressure. Professor and author, Denis Collins, for instance, observed that there are many good individuals who engage in unethical behavior because they ...

Introduction

Mary’s case reflects a serious case of criminal behavior, not counting the numerous crimes committed against her by her family members. Mary is a serious psychological case, as she has faced numerous negative influences in her life and suffered serious emotional trauma. Raised by a father who was abusive against the family and a mother who was emotionally distant, Mary’s childhood and most formative years were spent facing damaging abuse that would affect her for the rest of her life. Her step-father, who arrived on the scene when Mary was nearly ten, sexually abused her and her ...

Ethical Dilemma

The story Sophie’s Choice is about life experiences of a Polish immigrant named Sophie Zawistowski living in New York. The story moves between past and present and reveals a dark secret of Sophie’s life. It is revealed that during the Holocaust, Sophie faced a daunting challenge that forced her to save the life of one of her children at the expense of the other. When the Nazi officer asks Sophie to choose one of her children or lose both of them, she is forced to make a decision and choose one of her children. Sophie had to ...

Individual Paper

Apple –FBI Battle over San Bernardino Terror Attack Investigation Executive Summary This report is about the battle between Apple Company’s iPhone and FBI’s demand from apple to develop a new software, which will help FBI to get the data contained in the phone of a terrorist, Syed Farook, who shot and killed 14 people in San Bernardino and left behind his iPhone. The phone’s iCloud was changed shortly after the attack, and FBI believes that such latest communication might help them get to know the terrorist’s plan. FBI went to court to be given orders ...

Quotes

Comparison All four members of my family gave somewhat similar rank to the quotes from Lord of the Flies. My sister has a different opinion on the rank of pre-conventional levels of moral reasoning. She also had a different opinion on the post-conventional levels of moral reasoning. Most of the ranks are similar as it all of us were aware of the Kohlberg’s Theory and stages. Also, it was logical to relate to all levels and stages as the quotes chosen were closely related to concepts discussed by Kohlberg in its theory of moral development. Therefore, identifying each ...

Moral Development is the study of how people’s moral values – defined as the guidelines for differentiating between what is considered good and bad – originate, develop and evolve from the time of their birth, into puberty, onwards into adulthood and eventually into old age, leading up to the end of a person’s life. Philosophers such as Aristotle and Immanuel Kant posited that the importance of learning ethics and moral behaviour is to enable individuals to achieve self-actualization or become their best-possible selves by realizing their potential . Therefore, an individual’s or a society’s moral development cannot be ...

Yes it was right for Heinz to steal the drugs from the druggist since he deemed it to be one that will be of greater good; saving his wives life. Lawrence Kohlberg tried to explain this scenario by developing the various stages of development. These were preconventional, conventional and postconventional (McLeod, 2013). Firstly, Heinz’s actions were driven by not only his self-interest but also he was acting for the interest of his wife. This is since his actions were meant to save his wife. He stole the drugs with the aim of giving it to the doctors which ...

Abstract

In this paper I will describe a proposed experimental design on the topic of character building in children under five. Research has shown that children are affected by their experiences early in life. However, much of the research available does not deal with children under the age of five. The experiment proposed in this paper will endeavor to position itself in this research gap. The specific research question of this investigation is: how do children learn values such as care, sharing, and empathy through imitation of parents? My three main research objects are to: 1) examine the available research; ...

Abstract

My motor skills developed on time, although my motor coordination is still not very good. My physical development is in line with normal course of development of a person. I have sustained healthy weight throughout my childhood and adolescence, and my height and weight started growing rapidly during puberty that started at the age of 11. My height and weight during puberty were different from my peers, which made me feel self-conscious and lowered my self-esteem. Puberty was also marked with emotional and behavioral changes that affect many adolescents. I have completed Piaget’s stages of development on time ...

Applying theories, concepts and models to Balfish Scenario

The main actors in these case in order of decreasing significance are Ada, Yuri and Helga. Ada’s actions in the case are best described by Kohlberg’s (1971) theory of moral development. Kohlberg (1971) asserts that morals are developed in three levels. The first two levels are evident in Ada’s behaviour in the following ways. True to Kohlberg’s assertion in level 1 of moral development, Ada at the beginning is seen to conform to the known moral code of good and bad in her assessment of the food poisoning complaints leveled against the organization. However, due ...

Each person comes through different stages of development. Thus, there are a lot of theories on psychological development stages. Though, they are different and depend on the different factors. That is why it is not correct to separate some distinct stages of the development. Child development is a complex dialectical process. In psychology, there are the following periods of child and youth development: the newborn (up to 10 days), infant age (under 1 year), early childhood (1-3 years), pre-preschool (3-5 years), preschool (5-7 years) primary school (7-11 years), adolescence (11-15 years), early youth or senior school age (15-18 years). ...

Gender Aspect

My female gender has affected my life in both negative and positive ways. The gender roles in the Hispanic culture have shaped my life because of being exposed to very tough roles and responsibilities that I have committed to undertake passionately. As a female in the Hispanic culture, I have been forced to portray high levels of responsibility in all my endeavors, be it religious and show maximum self-sacrifice in whatever I do. The exposure has helped me to develop quality values and principles in life that ascertain that I am always responsible in whatever I do. Through the ...

Abstract

This paper discusses the moral behavior theories that were postulated by two psychologists Lawrence Kohlberg and Sigmund Freud. Though Kohlberg believes that human moral judgment and actions are as a result of an interaction between both their physical environment and their conscience, Sigmund believes that there are mental processes that are deterministic to one’s moral behaviors and therefore it is proper to seek explanations concerning the mental state upon which an individual made certain moral decisions and not merely examine the outcome of such behaviors. In contrast to Sigmund Freud, Lawrence Kohlberg came up with a model, stages ...

Question one

Introduction

Arguably, human beings are in a continuous process of development. In most cases, human development occurs in stages and each stage has physiological, emotional, and psychological changes. People always have mental stages that help in guiding their day to day behavior. Morality refers to the capability to distinguish between wrong and right, acting on distinctions as well as experiencing shame or pride. Actually, most theories of moral development differ significantly in their opinions regarding the occurrence of moral development. According to Social learning theory individuals gain knowledge on how to morally behave through modeling, on the other hand ...