Hypertension Case Studies Samples For Students

Introduction

The aim of this paper is to present a comprehensive report on a case study conducted on an individual who is displaying symptoms of hypertension. The paper explicitly explores as a chronic disease and some of the aspects that will be touched on include its epidemiology, Pathophysiology, differential diagnosis, treatment plan, drug analysis and follow up care.
Hypertension, also commonly referred to as high blood pressure is a body condition in which blood vessels, specifically the arteries high and persistent pressure. This high pressure makes it hard for the heart to pump blood to all the other parts of the body. Hypertension ...

Her problem of Hypertension was diagnosed almost 6 years ago when her blood pressure remained consistently on the higher side on 4 consecutive visits to the clinic. It was consistently high in the range of 160/90 mmHg.
Almost a year ago, she was also detected with microalbuminuria during her annual screening of urine. At that time, 1,943 mg/dl of microalbumin was detected in her urine sample.

Subjective

She has come to the clinic today for her regular checkup and follows up visit for the diabetes and hypertension. She is a house wife. And has three children.

Objective

She got an initial ...

RTE 1503

Abstract:
Hypertensive pulmonary edema is a frightening disease that occurs occasionally with acute hypertension. This case study analyzes a middle aged woman and her visit to the hospital emergency department when she collapses and has difficulty breathing. It is shown by the x-ray technician that she is suffering from hypertensive pulmonary edema and after proper medical management she quickly gets better. It is important to distinguish this disease from cardiogenic pulmonary edema, which is chronic in nature and has a very different clinical picture.
A 47-year-old woman with a history of hypertension recovering from a recent bout of the flu suddenly fell ...

LEGENDS:

Smoker
Heart Disease
Underlying Pathophysiology
The participant is a 20 year old Caucasian male. His family history shows that his maternal grandfather and father have been diagnosed with hypertension, while his paternal grandfather had died of a heart disease. Porth had indicated that the risk factors for hypertension include one's health condition, family history, and lifestyle. A family history that shows relatives with hypertension does not guarantee that one may acquire the disease. However, a family history riddles with hypertension makes one more at risk than other individuals. Increasing age, a part of an individual’s health condition, may ...

Emma always wanted to have a baby when she reached her legal age. She is a normal lady, with no major physical health issues and other abnormalities that might affect her daily life. Emma was able to give birth to two healthy children, she is already a mother of two, to which both pregnancies were normal and no adverse medical condition arose. Emma is now on her third pregnancy. On her 15th week of gestation, Emma’s BMI was at 28, with a blood pressure of 134/86 mmHg (plgf.com). Emma went through the normal stages of her gestation. When ...

Presentation: 52 year old male presents with complaint of wet cough and intermittent fevers for one week. Symptoms have progressively worsened with onset of back pain over the last two days.
Previous Medical History: No health insurance and has not seen provider for five years. History of Hypertension, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, and Diabetes Mellitus-2 controlled with diet.

Allergies: Penicillin and Erthyromycin
History of Present Illness: Onset/duration: one week. Pattern: cough worse at night. Associated Symptoms: fever and back pain worsens with coughing. Relieving factors: sitting up and drinking fluids. Aggravating factors: smoking and lying down. Effect ...

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Diagnosis on the basis of Vitals

The case study selected for this assignment is case number 3.
QUESTION 1:
The three possible differential diagnosis for this case are:
Essential hypertension
Thyrotoxicosis
Post exercise state
QUESTION 2:
The most likely diagnosis for this patient is hypertension. According to Bickley, Szilagyi and Bates (2009), normal pulse rate for healthy young adult is 60-100. This patient has a pulse rate corresponding to upper normal limit. According to Madhur et al. (2014), a blood pressure of 150/120 mmHg, as in this case, is classified as ...

M.K is a female, 45 years old with 5.5” height and 225 lbs. weight and has a history of smoking for 22 years and poor diet. The history of Type II diabetes mellitus and primary hypertension is also observed with the recent diagnosis of chronic bronchitis. She has been observed with chronic cough with sputum, light headedness, excessive peripheral edema, distended neck veins and increased urination during the night. She has been using the medications comprising of Lotensin and Lasix to treat hypertension and Glucophage for diabetes mellitus.

Vitals and Lab Results

The patient is observed chronic cough with sputum and the cough ...

Introduction and Review of literature:

Modern life styles have made people unaware about their health; eating fast food and long sitting are now the part of our daily life, which results in obesity. Isolated systolic hypertension is a silent killer, which mainly cause due to obesity. This disease happened when due to disorder your systolic blood pressure crosses 140 mark on the scale. In addition to obesity, consider certain other physiological conditions such as stiffness in the arteries, heart disorders are also as the culprits of the disease.
This study is conducted due to the strong correlation among BMI and hypertension has been reported . Resnicow ...

Introduction and Review of literature:

Recent lifestyles have made people less active resulting into obesity. Long sittings, lack of exercise and junk eating are a few of the causes of obesity. Isolated systolic hypertension is a silent killer among modern day community usually following obesity. In this disorder once the systolic blood pressure crosses 140 mark on the scale, the disease happens. In addition to obesity certain physiological conditions such as artery stiffness, heart disorders or overactive thyroids may also be considered the culprits of the disease.
Understanding the gradual changes that occur in our life styles which ultimately is reflected in our physical fitness ...

Atrial Fibrillation

Atrial fibrillation is the most encountered cardiac rhythm disorder in clinical practice. It affects <1% of persons aged <60 years. This prevalence increases to 10% in persons aged >80 years (Amerena, Walters, Mirzaee and Kalman, 2013). Atrial fibrillation is a key differential diagnosis in patients presenting with chest pain, palpitations, shortness of breath, light-headedness, and syncope (Cruickshank, 2008). This paper will examine the differential diagnosis, pathophysiology, and paramedic implications of atrial fibrillation in relation to the case of a 43-year old male who presents with features and ECG findings of atrial fibrillation. It will first examine ...

China has a great history of using unique traditional medication means such as Tai Chi, herbs, and many others. Of late, the medications have shifted from traditional means and narrowed to science. Much of the current medications means heavily rely on science and technology. Admittedly, there has been many scientific studies both on the specific operations of tiny body organs and breakdown of illnesses in ways where the application of scientific concepts is possible. Examples of Chinese medications that borrow a lot from science includes

Herbal therapy for the treatment of some allergic reactions.

Treatment of patients suffering from hypertension using food therapy
Treatment of Dysmenorrhea using Danggui ...

Overview

Ulcers of the lower leg are common incapacitating wounds amongst the elderly in the United States. For women over 65 years, there is relatively 1.43 percent. These ulcers can be broadly split into two main types with the ones originating from poor arterial perfusion occurring less times and the ones taking place due to venous problems making relatively 70 percent of the presented cases. The etiology of the ulcer is identified through measurement of the ankle/brachial pressure index (ABPI). The ulcers that have an ABPI of more than 0.8, are perceived to be appropriate to be treated with compression ...

Abstract

In this paper, I will describe the case of Mr. Henry Spirk. He is a a 72-year-old man who has recently broken his hip and does not have the ability to take care of himself. In addition, he was diagnosed diabetes, hypertension, and partial hearing loss. However, Mr. Spirk refuses to believe in his current condition and claims that he is able to take care of himself. I will describe the discharge planning and identify which obstacles prevent us from discharging Mr. Spirk without additional home care. I will identify which health conditions need to be addressed and discussed with the ...

Describe the underlying pathology of COPD and the common pathological characteristics of the condition. Discuss the impact these pathological changes have on normal function, including how alveolar ventilation might be different in Mr Wenham compared to a normal individual.
The hallmark pathological attributes of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are one, poorly reversible airflow obstruction and two, a progressive atypical inflammatory response within the lungs. The abnormal inflammatory response denotes the responses of the innate and adaptive immune systems to long-standing exposure to noxious gases and particles especially cigarette smoke. Notably, all cigarette smokers have some degree of inflammation ...

PHYSICAL EXAM:

You will be expected to write up your response as follows:
List of Differential Diagnoses [rank ordered]
A. Congestive Heart Failure
B. Angina
C. Hypercholesterolemia
D. Myocardial Infarction

E. Diabetes Mellitus

F. with Grade II diastolic heart failure.

G. Hypertriglyceridemia

H. GERD
I.

J. Hypertension

Leading hypothesis : Congestive Heart Failure
Active Alternative hypotheses
Must not miss diagnoses [critical rule outs]
Congestive Heart Failure
Angina
Hypertriglyceridemia
Hypercholesterolemia
Most common diagnoses [reasonable alternatives]
GERD
Hypertension
Diabetes Mellitus
Presumptive Diagnosis [assumption]
Congestive Heart Failure

Treatment Plan

Non-pharmacologic / lifestyle interventions (provide rationale)
• Modify Diet.
- Advance to a low-sodium, low-cholesterol, low-fat, solid diet as tolerated R: to minimize metabolic demands ...

Salt intake control is a major issue globally. This needs to be addressed because of the associated consequences especially the high blood pressure. The main view of the paper is the review of the contrasting model of control which is the medical model and public health model of control. High salt intake comes from various sources. One of the main sources noted to be relevant in America is that of the intake from processed and restaurants foods.
The medical model is based on stating the amount of salt the patient needs based on the health condition of such patient. ...

[Institution Title]

Care Plan Template

Patient Initials: Not Applicable Age: 60 y/o Sex: Male
Subjective Data:
HPI (History of Present Illness): Patient said that the abdominal pain started the day before. Although patient admitted to experiencing similar discomfort in the past, patient did not experience this kind of pain which he rated as 10 from last night. In the past, the pain would only last for a couple of hours unlike this time which has not been relieved despite 24 hours had already passed. Patient also admits to experiencing nausea but has not vomited despite feeling nauseous. For the past ...

Meadowbank TAFE

HLTAP501A/B/C Analyze Health Information
HLTCOM510B Provide Services to Clients with Chronic Disease or Conditions
PATHOLOGY ASSIGNMENT
–ASTHMA–
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic problem that influences lung function. Clinically asthma is identified by the variation in expiratory airflow and abnormal respiratory symptoms such as wheezing, chest congestion, cough, and shortness of breath. The aetiology of asthma is linked to a mixture of genetic and environmental factors, though; heredity or atopy also plays a role in asthma. Asthma is categorized into two types: extrinsic (allergic) and intrinsic (nonallergic). Allergic asthma is an outcome of the reaction of an antibody ...

[Institution Title]

Patient Initials: Not Applicable Age: 52 yrs. old Sex: Male
Subjective Data:
HPI (History of Present Illness): The patient revealed during the interview that he had been suffering from severe and excruciating chest pain that gradually radiates to his neck. He had been experiencing the symptoms for four days prior to medical consultation. Patient feared that despite the stent placement, he was still experiencing angina symptoms. Patient revealed that the symptoms had appeared six months ago.
PMH (Past Medical History—include current medications, any known allergies, any history of surgery or hospitalizations): ...

[Institution Title]

Patient Initials: _N/A___ Age: ___52 years old_____ Sex: __Male______
Subjective Data:
Patient has been complaining of chest pain. Manifested signed of labored breathing and excessing perspiration suggesting signs of exertion. Chest pains also seems to radiate to neck as it intensifies.

HPI (History of Present Illness):

Patient has reported to have experienced angina symptoms four days prior to hospitalization. Patient defers seeking medical attention in the belief that the physical symptoms were simply the result of stress and would eventually be relieved after bed rest. Patient was not active as a result of non-activity particularly relating to work.

PMH (Past Medical History—include current medications, any known allergies, any history of surgery or hospitalizations):

Patient has no ...

After decades of uncontrolled hypertension, Ms. Griffin was diagnosed with left-sided heart failure. Although her heart failure was diagnosed eight years ago, she is currently in nursing care and cannot move from the bed or wheelchair because angina and dyspnea episodes often occur even during periods of rest. Over the past 2 years, she has been losing weight and is currently at 93 pounds, which is a 58 percent reduction compared to her previous weight of 160 pounds, so a percutaneous esophageal gastronomy (PEG) tube was inserted in her.
According to the New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional classification system, ...

After analysing the details of Robert Reid from the case study, it is evident that some of the his risk factors for Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) and Hypertension include the fact that he is male, old age, has a family history of CHD and he is African-American. The other factors that predispose him to CHD and hypertension that he can control include obesity, long periods of physical inactivity, unhealthy eating habits and the low levels of High Density Lipoproteins (HDL) and high levels of Low density Lipoproteins (LDL) (Pedersen et al. p.1383). Complications that could result from the latter ...

This paper addresses a pharmacological management plan for Mr. NX, including consideration of possible contraindications for CAMs, prescriptive and non-prescriptive recommendations for management of acute pain and other ongoing disease processes, followed by evaluation strategies.

Pharmacological Management Plan

CAMs Contraindicated with Current Prescriptions
The order of Mr. NX include drugs such Glyburide 3 mg daily with breakfast, Lisinopril 20 mg daily and Coumadin 5 mg daily. Glyburide is an oral anti-diabetic drug (mainly for diabetes type 2). Glyburide causes lactic acidosis and. Therefore, anything that may increase the risk of this side effect is contraindicated like in this case the use of ...

Keeping the body healthy and in shape is probably the big aim of everyone. However, all of those desires differ a lot on the gender, age and motivation basis. This assignment will demonstrate the analysis of two case studies. For both of them some recommendations and calculations will be given.

Anyways, some calculations are needed in order to get the entire picture of his body condition.

Secondly, Chad’s BMR is 1865.04
Finally, it is essential to implement the Karvonen formula in order to find out Chad’s target heart rate at 60% and 80%.
The answer looks as follows: Target HR (60%) = 131
Target HR (80%) = 148
At this point of time it is ...

HL has a multiplicity of complications all which are attributed to his lifestyle. HL has a history of drug abuse and his list of medication all but indicates that his drug abuse lifestyle has had a significant impact on his general health, his body systems and his body organs. HL could probably be having Cirrhosis and Portal Hypertension (Cárdenas, 2014). The Cirrhosis could be as a result of alcohol consumption which has then the damage of his liver and probably gastric varices which is a precedent of Hepatitis C condition he already harbors.
The gastric varices has led ...

Biology of Disease

Mode of action of;-
Dexamethasone
The Glucocorticoid receptors are discovered intracellularly in all tissues. They enter cells through inactive dispersion and structure a complex with a receptor protein (Rhodes & Hartnoll, 2002, P.10). This intricate then experiences an irreversible enactment and enters the cell core, where it ties to the DNA, hence prompting organic impacts instigated by these hormones, which include expanded hepatic gluconeogenesis, as well as expanded lipolysis (Ahmed, 2007, P.13).
Dexamethasone is utilized to treat numerous provocative and immune system conditions, for example, rheumatoid joint pain and bronchospasm. Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, an abatement in quantities of ...

Meal Planning for Type II Diabetes Mellitus

As the Diabetes Education Centre dietitian, you must provide SG with dietary guidance.
- Based on the information presented develop a nutrition diagnosis for SG. Write this as a PES statement.
- Patient’s uncontrolled glucose and hyperglycemia is related to type 2 diabetes as evidenced by high fat and carbohydrates intake and abnormal laboratory results of Hb-A1C.
- At the risk of cardiovascular and hypertension related to excessive consumption of saturated fat and trans-fatty acid food and pre-packaged products as evidenced by high lipid profile including high total cholesterol, LDL-C and triglyceride level in laboratory results and ...

Introduction

Sally Thomas is a twenty three years old mother and is comprehensively covered in this clinical scenario. The scenario covers aspects of her family history which are of essence to any medical decisions associated with any clinical procedure. The aspect of her past pregnancies will be comprehensively articulated in the case study. Her medical history will be analyzed and clinical solutions proposed for her problems. It is pertinent to note that the scenario will be comprehensive and will articulate each stage of the pregnancy. The scenario will be broken down into multiple sub section which includes the ante partum, fetal ...

Part 1.

The pathophysiological template of an ischemic stroke involving the dominant left hemisphere of the brain is usually caused by the arterial occlusion resulting from a thrombus that embolized from a more proximal anatomical structure in the body that is closer to the brain, such as the heart and lungs and arterial plaques. The thrombus may cause a significant occlusion to the major intracranial arteries like the middle cerebral artery which carries the blood flow to the frontal, parietal and temporal lobes. A left middle cerebral artery stroke will manifest a right hemiplegia and hemiparesis with the upper extremities more significantly affected than the ...

Question 1.

- Location of pain, intensity and duration of pain can be misleading. Various causes of acute abdomen include appendicitis cholecystitis, hernia and other gynecological causes may be difficult to distinguish and diagnose.
- Uncertainty of diagnosis and difficulty to identify abdominal pathology owing to the many organs within the abdominal viscera. An examiner will occasionally miss a diagnosis by mistaking the affected organ with an adjacent organ.
- Pregnancy – pregnant women are usually difficult to examine per abdomen owing to the physical and physiological changes e.g. enlarged uterus.
- Small children might be difficult to examine – they ...

Directions

The provided case study illustrates the case of one Mr. Red Smart, a hospitalized, elderly diabetic patient who equally suffers from hypertension and a host of other medical conditions. Mr. Red uses crutches due to an earlier fall and he experiences a sharp pain at home and falls unconsciousness and upon the doctors diagnosis, Myocardial infarction (MI) is detected. He is admitted to the hospital for three weeks but he considers to return home contrary to his family opinions. He also suffers from memory lapses.

Scenario

Red is a 60 year old man who lives with his elderly wife aged ...

Health abnormlities of several kind require a thorough assessment in terms of management. With the technical advancements, medical field had evolved to simplify the complex assesssment tasks. For instance, medical imaging has come up to make feasible the analyis of body parts through the production of images. There is a need to know much about this particualr area. In such context, the present description deals with a topic Magentic Resonance Angiography (MRA) of the remal artery with a special emphasis on the 3D gradient echo sequencing in MRI.
Briefly, magnetic resoannce angiography constitutes a kind of MRI (magnetic resonance ...

What are three major causes of chronic bronchitis?

The three major causes of chronic bronchitis are cigarette smoking, long time exposure to air pollutants (such as industrial or chemical fumes), and inhalation of toxic gasses (Madell, 2016).

What are the major pathologic airway changes are associated with chronic bronchitis?

Chronic bronchitis is the condition affecting human beings that cause a continuous irritation and inflammation of the lining of the bronchial tube. Bronchial tubes are airways that carry air to and from the lungs. Exposure to cigarette smoke, air pollutants, or toxic chemicals causes a persistent cough that leads to the formation of excessive amounts of sticky mucus in the airways that result in inflammation and fibrosis. The mucus blocks ...

Any person who is suddenly withdrawing from alcohol must experience unpleasant reactions that accompany the process. The abrupt withdrawal brings about certain signs and symptoms that characterize the sudden discontinuation of taking drugs or alcohol. Some of the symptoms may include a rapid heartbeat, profuse sweating, temporary memory loss, insomnia, headaches, anxiety and even social isolation (Miller & Gold 1998). Most people who experience similar reactions as a result of sudden withdrawal from alcohol suffer from delirium tremens (DT) (Koob 2006).
It is one of the most prevalent risk factors in this case. The patient often experiences DT after 48-96 ...

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QUESTION 1:

The components of physical assessment are:
Inspection
Palpation
Percussion
Auscultation
These are the four main components and this protocol is followed every time a physical assessment is done on a patient presenting in a clinic.

QUESTION 2:

The blood pressure is measured using two main methods. These two methods are palpatory and auscultatory method. In palpatory method, the systolic values are obtained only and it is done merely to cross check the systolic value obtained through auscultatory method. In auscultatory method, a sphygmomanometer along with a stethoscope is required ...

BIOL 398J

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QUESTION 1:

Michael is a hypertensive adult with obesity as an additional risk factor that could contribute to the occurrence of a cardiovascular event. While his choice of personal diet may not be limited, it may be more constrained when eating out with others, since their tastes and preferences will indeed vary.
The ideal diet for an individual in Michael’s position would be high in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, high-fiber foods and low-fat dairy products. It should also contain low levels of sodium, saturated fats and trans fats. Fortunately, the American National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute recommends ...

Introduction

According to the American hHeart aAssociation, heart attack or myocardial infarction (MI), is when the heart occurs when one or more of the vessels (coronary arteries) that supply blood to the heart get (Coronary arteries) closedobstructed, and the blood is unable tocan’t reach the heart muscle, causing which cause the muscle to maldysfunction function (AHA, 2007). There are two major risk factors that can cause a patient have two risk factors to cause heart attack; which they are high serum cholesterol level represented also known as as hyperlipidemia and high blood pressure represented also known as hypertension. The Heartheart ...

[Institution Title]

Care Plan Template

Patient Initials: Not Applicable Age: 60 years old Sex: Male
Subjective Data:
Patient was admitted for complaints of decrease urinary flow. In addition, patient also complains that he has been experiencing severe symptoms of what he had been experiencing for more than two years already. Patient complains that for the past 2 weeks he has had increased nocturia, associated with decreased strength of urinary flow and slight terminal dysuria.

HPI (History of Present Illness):

According to the patient he has had the same symptoms for more than two years. However, for the past two weeks, the patient’s symptoms seemed ...

1) What blood test would you order and why? (1 point)
- Quantitative hCG blood test: measures serum beta human chorionic gonadotropin levels (US FDA, 2013)
- Above normal hCG values: determines if patient is having a normal pregnancy and the number of fetuses as well as gestational age, or if amenorrhea is due to hydatidiform mole, choriocarcinoma, or ovarian cancer (Ratcliffe et al., 2008; US FDA, 2013)
- Below normal hCG values: indicates ectopic pregnancy, fetal death, incomplete abortion, or threatened spontaneous abortion (US FDA, 2013)
2). What is her estimated date of confinement (EDC) ...

with numbness in both feet.

With numbness in both feet.

Normal aging process symptoms
Numbness of both feet in an obese 75 year old male could be attributed to several causes inclusive of the normal aging process. Some are peripheral neuropathy; monnueropathy; diabetic neuropathy; spinal stenosis; slipped disk and peripheral vascular disease. With regards to aging and unassociated with any other disease process numbness in both legs at age 75 accompanied by obesity could signal nerve damage linked to poor circulation in the extremities (Digiovanna, 2000).
Blood vessels and heart muscles tend to age with age. This means that valves, nerves responsible ...

Nutrition is an indispensable component of care. It is from food intake that the body obtains the micro and macro nutrients needed to maintain and improve health. Diet is also an area of regulation for the management of chronic diseases such as diabetes. Care plans focused on nutrition necessarily must be individualized to take into account unique needs arising from specific medical conditions, the client’s developmental stage, and cultural preferences. Developing a care plan entails evaluating for nutritional risk, defining the goals of nutrition therapy, identifying interventions and expected outcomes, implementing the interventions, providing education, and promoting safety.

Evaluation of Nutritional Risk

The ...

Paul has been feeling very tired and has been having sudden weakness and numbness on one side of his body. He calls the hospital asking if this is anything to be concerned about. How do you respond?
1. What is the neurological problem Paul is most likely encountering?
There are two common neurological problems that are usually associated with the symptoms of sudden weakness and numbness on one side of the body. These two conditions are somewhat related in terms of the mechanism. Stroke is a form of medical emergency simply because it is usually caused by problems ...

J.K has acute kidney failure with Rhabdomyolysis. Acute kidney failure happens when the kidneys are suddenly not able to sift waste products from the blood. This results to accumulation of waste and affects the chemical balance of the blood. Rhabdomylosis is caused by skeletal muscles injury (Grau, Poch, &Bosch, 2009). The injury of the skeletal muscles results to the production of different intracellular muscle ingredients. In this case, J.K had an acute renal failure with Rhabdomyolysis because of cocaine and heroin use. Cocaine and heroin cause damage to myocyte. Damage to the myocyte leads to an entry of sodium ...

Pediatric Case Study

Part I. Cultural and Family Assessment

Culture and family are oftentimes neglected during patient assessment, especially when the person is viewed only in terms of disease, causes and treatment. However, providing holistic care that encompasses all aspects of the patient’s life has the potential to improve patient outcomes. In nursing theory, Callista Roy and Madeleine Leininger refer to culture as a belief system, a worldview through which the patient perceives health, care, nursing and the world in general (George, 2011). It is transmitted from one generation to the next through interaction in social institutions such as the family, school and ...