Essays on Constitutions

Introduction

Plato is one of the most influential philosophers in western philosophy. His main contribution in philosophical thought is the theory of ideas, also dubbed by many critiques as “Plato’s Idealism” (Nellickappilly 1). Upon careful analysis of Plato’s idealism, it is inferred that while it has many flaws, it still contributed significantly to the development of human knowledge and philosophical thought.

Strengths and Weaknesses

When it comes to flaws or weaknesses, diverse critiques point out that Plato’s idealism is not logical and is hard to understand. In order to understand these criticisms it is first essential to understand what this ...

Freedom of Speech: The Right to Free Expression – Thailand versus Australia

Introduction The freedom of speech is one of the major branches or rather an indication of the level in which a nation has attained so far when it comes to democratic progress. Freedom of speech is a human right to freely express their thoughts, one of the most important civil liberties. A person's ability to act in accordance with their own interests and objectives, based on knowledge of objective independence, there is freedom. Freedom of expression is closely linked to issues of truth-seeking, self-management, flexibility of the political system, self-realization of the individual, natural rights and their protection. Freedom ...

Introduction

The Constitution Act of 1982, which introduced some of the most important changes to the Canadian Constitution since it came into force in 1867; has and continued to play a significant role in changing the framework of Canadian politics (CDOJ, 2016). These changes, on the whole, have had a substantially positive effect on the Canadian political community. In order to understand the benefits of Canadian constitutional reform on the political community, one must first understand how the Constitution had arranged, regulated, and influenced Canadian politics in the past. The Canadian Constitution of 1867 had a number of characteristics that ...

Leadership in Action

The judiciary is one of the most important arms in a free and democratic society and in many states, its duties are well outlined in the constitutions. By structure, almost all constitutions design it as an independent body and operate within the requirements of the principle of separation of powers (Forsyth, 2015). A strong public image and reputation are crucial in the dispensation of its duty, and the decisions made culminate into a lasting effect on individuals and society. For instance, it could define public policy. Considering its significance, an incompetent and misleading system could produce far-reaching implications in ...

The 1876 Texas Constitution is among the most detailed state constitutions within the United States. There have been a significantly high number of proposed constitutional amendments since the document became operational on 15 February 1876 (Ericson). From the outset, it is important to note that the high number of amendments to the Texas Constitution is because it is highly restrictive given that the State of Texas can only exercise powers derived from the its Constitution. The Texas Constitution is similar to the other State constitutions because it provides for the separation of powers, but also includes some provisions that ...

The homosexual community in China faces discrimination and is treated with less respect as compared to the heterosexuals. The older people in China are rigid and refuse to change their negative perceptions towards the homosexuals. The older people perceive homosexuals as being sick and think homosexuals need to seek treatment. The homosexuals experience social stigma and pressure from their families, friends, colleagues, and the community as a whole (Preston 219). The homosexuals, thus, experience problems such as the fear to seek health services due to fear of stigmatization (Feng et al.). The marriage law bill, for the homosexuals, which ...

For the social fabric of the society to be in the required equilibrium state of balance, various documents in the form of regulatory constitutions are laid down in any society to govern the day-to-day human and state interactions. However, no particular government body can abridge or limit her citizens through judicial mechanisms. Although the scope of the freedom, rights and responsibilities is explained differently in different countries today, there are many universal rights enshrined in the international bills of rights. Many early writers and thinkers such as Rousseau, Kant, Marquis de Sade, and Sieyes espoused different opinions on the ...

The purpose of this paper is to compare the Constitution of the United States of America and the State of Texas, find and analyze similarities and differences that exist between these two documents. While reading these two legal documents one cannot but notice the similarity of used vocabulary and style of writing. In the preambles of the both constitutions, there is an emphasis on the public will that established these documents. However, in the Texas Constitution, there also is a religious motive, as the people of Texas are “humbly invoking the blessings of Almighty God” (The Preamble). Apart from ...

What different paths to freedom and equality did Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X offer to Black Americans? Why did each of them believe that their respective path would be long and dangerous The backbone of Martin Luther King’s ideology was the principle of non-violence. The idea of non-violent resistance is was not brand new at the moment when M.L.King addressed it in his rebellious policy. The ideology of non-violence had already been preached by an outstanding Indian human and national rights activist Mahatma Gandhi. The non-violent rebellion proved very effective in India when fighting English colonialism ...

Abstract

A plea bargain has defined the court proceedings in the recent history of the criminal justice system. As such, prosecutors and judges have adapted to the policy to carry on activities while practicing copping plea arrangements so as to reduce the number of pending cases and the pile that characterizes most of the district magistrates’ courts. On one side, the idea of a plea bargain has greatly enhanced the efficiency of the legal systems. This is because it has reduced the time for prosecutors to work on various trials as well as reducing the instances of overcrowding in jails ( ...

The United States judicial system offers certain protections for criminal suspects who are at risk of arrest or a search without a warrant. One of the most important safeguards afforded under the U.S. Constitution is the 4th amendment, which prevents government officials from illegally searching individuals or seizing property without following standard procedure. The concept has evolved over time, and the exclusionary rule is now the primary way to defend people from illegal search and seizure by government officials. However, history has shown that this is an ineffective solution because it allows those who would have been convicted to ...

The Age of Enlightenment is also commonly referred to as the Age of Reason. It lasted from 1650 to 1800. Many agree that the cause of Enlightenment was the Thirty Year War (1618-1648) though it was only an outcrop of many underlying issues that faced Europe at the time (Broner, 122). It came to an end during the French revolution. It is such wars that motivated German philosophers and authors to criticize the idea of nationalism and wars to protect nationhood. The German authors included Hugo Grotius and John Cornenius, who were the pioneers of the ideas that formed ...

Constitutions define principles guarding a society or suggest a political goal that a society envisions to achieve. Constitutions are more than a platform where structure; authority and responsibility of government institutions are defined (Krasner 87). They also portray essential political, economic and power relations by the culture, values and interest of the group that created it. Also, the events of the period in which the document was written contributed enormously to its content. Definition of the relationship between those in government and the citizens is also available in the Constitution and the limit of their practices clearly defined. This ...

The organization of society is structured around particular systems. The legal system of a group or nation is dependent on many factors from diverse fields. Justice develops as a result of history, religion, culture, or necessity. In order to study the organization of justice among peoples, it is necessary to be informed of different theories of sociology, anthropology, and psychology. My bachelor’s degree in Communication from the University of California, San Diego, has prepared me for versatility in learning and through academic development I have discovered I am interested in studying law.

During my elective in Advanced Studies in ...

Same Sex Marriage

Marriage is often considered a sacred rite that only a few could experience in their lifetimes. Some would find themselves in a bountiful and happy marriage while a few would find themselves in short and sometimes painful marriages. Nonetheless, the debate has still fostered new arguments considering the entrance of LGBT communities over their rights to a recognized marriage. However, given the current situation of same-sex marriages in the United States, it is visible that it is unconstitutional to bind something such as marriages to people just because of their gender preferences for it is a direct violation to one’s right to make choices ...

Introduction

Poland became the 2nd independent nation after the United States to adopt a comprehensively formulated constitution to define its government structure in 1791. The authors’ of Poland’s constitution found great inspiration from the philosophy and text of the United States constitution that had been adopted four years before. Similarity between the two constitutions is therefore very conspicuous.

In both constitutions, citizens are given almost the same nature of rights including the basic rights. The US and the Polish constitution guarantee the upholding of all civil rights and freedoms including political, social, personal, economical and cultural. Additionally, all citizens of ...

The Tribal Law and Order Act Of 2010 was enacted and signed to become a law by President Barack Obama in 29th July, 2010. The main aim behind the enactment of this US law was to seek remedy to the enforcement of lax law on the Indian reservations. The law brings about the execution of all the relevant enhancement and sentencing at the federal level. Despite this, the tribal court has powers to choose an option under which it provides public defenders of specific qualifications. Additionally, the law offers a funding option for preventive programs relating to drug and substance abuse.

Strengths of the Tribal Law and Order Act Of 2010

...

The Texas Constitution was written in the 1870s and despite all of its amendments, the constitution is still used today and this shows that the document has been able to survive and adapt over time (Sandoval, 2011). However, there are many reasons as to why the Texan Constitution needs to be reformed as soon as possible as it can no longer survive in the twenty-first century due to its complexions. Therefore, this essay will argue that the Texas Constitution needs to be rewritten based on the following reasons: it is a long constitution that is out-dated and in need of ...

Abstract

This proposal presents a plan for the study of how inter-ethnic conflicts develop in newly decolonized countries around the world. The preliminary literature review shows that these states have volatile constitutions and the poor or non-existent separation of powers causes the country to marginalize its minority ethnic groups. This leads to failed policies on integration and the homogeneity of the military. The poor and unresponsive intervention of the Executive arm of government in a bad situation causes minorities to pick up arms and seek their right. This paper proposes that the findings of the preliminary literature review be tested on ...

In the following essay, I would like to explain the key provisions of the doctrine of the separation of powers, as well as to demonstrate how that doctrine operates within the system of Australia`s public law. - Separation of powers doctrine Separation of powers is a political and legal theory, according to which the government should be divided between three independent branches: legislative, executive and judicial. The differentiation between these powers prevents possible abuse of power and the emergence of a despotic regime where no individual freedom is possible. Each of the three authorities performs its inherent tasks ...

We are currently living in a revolution age in terms of communicative abundance. This age is characterized by a variety of media innovations that range from satellite broadcasting, the internet, television, radio, newspapers, and magazines and so on. These new media forms have elicited a lot of fascination as well as excitant from the public. The role of the media has become more and more important in recent days. One of the areas where the influence of the media has been conspicuous is in the agitation of global democracy. Democracy is a common term in the field of global politics. By definition, democracy ...

Article Research

Introduction In the late 1820’s, the Northern Carolina became more industrialized as the Southern remained non-developed. The Congress had passed a high protective tariff in 1828 that made the southern states more furious because they thought the tariff only benefited the northern states. The southern claimed that high tariff on imports were imposed to them leading to increased costs of importing products. Bradley Hays saw the Southern states sympathy to South Carolina’s position on the tariff rejected as the cause of federalism (Hays 221). Eventually, the doctrine of nullification was introduced that provided an insight to the ...

“For the time being and notwithstanding the various challenges to it parliamentary sovereignty remains formally intact as a matter of law.” Discuss the above statement. What is the significance of parliamentary sovereignty to the UK constitution and has the doctrine has been weakened by constitutional changes?

Introduction

The principle of Parliamentary sovereignty is based on the notion that Parliament represents the will of the people. The courts have upheld the view of the sovereignty in the past more than 350 years. The above statement in the title refers to the dilution of the concept of Parliamentary sovereignty with the advent of ...

The case of Marbury v. Madison

The American legal system is Anglo Saxon and significantly different from the continental legal system, with much broader powers of the Supreme Court, which does not recognize the justice of other countries. The American judicial system is known for being based on the case law, and because of the time the Supreme Court had more weight, while at the end of the judicial power did not become competent to say what law is. The entire American public sovereignty is divided into three mutually independent, equitable, and consistent powers. Framers of the Constitution are, insisted on the independence of ...

The constitution is an important element in any given country because it gives law and order to the people and the systems of a country. Given that state governments have to be guarded by the constitution, Texas enacted a constitution to govern the state and was ratified in 1876. There are four main features of the Texas constitution that make it unique among other states. Firstly, the document emphasizes on the importance of legitimacy through enacting laws and regulations for the people to follow and honor in their day to day lives (Dunmuir 98). Secondly, it organizes the state governments through ...

Constitutions are documents that serve to establish the legal and institutional framework of any political system . The government bodies and their powers and scope are established in the constitutional text. The constitution of the United States has some basic principles such as the separation of powers proposed by Montesquieu, provisions that put some limits that provide protection to citizens against arbitrary government actions, and guarantees political freedom and equality under the law . These characteristics are shared by most constitutions, at least formally, but they can differ greatly in their implementation. This paper will contrast the Federal constitution and the ...

ABSTRACT.

The topic on homosexuality remains amongst the most debated across the globe. Whilst the act is prohibited in some states in a legal and morality perspective, it is legally acceptable in other states. The topic gains popularity and increased concern from regulations of human conduct that include religion, law, sociological needs, biological and scientific explanations, psychological needs, and other theoretical frameworks. This paper discusses the various provisions on homosexuality using human behavior disciplines. In explaining homosexuality and developing concepts that form theories of homosexuality a contradiction on what homosexuality is constantly arises. There lacks an agreement among scientists, communities, religious ...

Introduction

Africa today is one the most undeveloped continents with numerous issues plaguing it. This paper shall be examining Africa’s past and history in general in an attempt to understand how it arrived in such a situation. The primary focus of this paper shall be the reasons that as explained previously led to these failures. Europeans colonized all of Africa with the exception of Liberia and Ethiopia 19th and 20th century. The numerous guiding factors behind colonization included search for raw materials and settlement for surplus population among other reasons. The Africans prior to the colonization had their established systems ...

Introduction

The principle of democracy and promoting the rule of law are two aspects modern constitutions seek to achieve, whether at state or federal level. Democracy connotes majority consensus on the part of the citizens in defining and shaping key issues. It would be inaccurate to assume that the American constitution is inherently democratic (pure democracy for that matter). Essentially, elections are carried out by the majority of the citizenry who choose officials (Chiappinelli, 2007). These officials are given the responsibility of determining the country’s direction. This way, democracy is transformed from the determination of many to where few ...

Introduction

The pay-to-play program is a growing trend among school districts in various states within USA. The students are required to pay a nominal or substantial fee to take part in extracurricular activities including; sports, school band and clubs. By 2009, over 33 states had districts implementing the pay-to-play program; it has since grown significantly. The practice has received support and criticism from various groups in USA. Despite its popularity, there is still limited research-based data on its impact on students. In my opinion, the practice has several disadvantages that must be addressed in regard to the provision of free public education ( ...

The constitution of the United States has been amended several times. In fact, it has been changed 27 times in order to revise and correct the original one so as to apply new provisions for the benefit of the general public. One of the constitution’s amendments is the 14th Amendment, which is included in the Reconstruction Amendments that happened after the Civil War. In this study we discussed that the 14th Amendment originated from the country’s history along with the reasons why it has been added to the constitution. Thus, this amendment provides several purposes as to ...

The United States of America was among the first countries to enact a written constitution in the world. The US constitution, which was enacted in 1787, is the supreme law of United States and binds all states and state’s organs together. Article four and six of the United States Constitution creates the doctrine of federalism from which the fifty states draw their power and legitimacy. The Sixth Amendment of the US Constitution is remarkably similar to Article six of Maine State Constitution. They both state what the rights of accused persons are. The US constitution in the Sixth ...

The writ of habeas corpus is one of the major developments that brought significant transformations in law. “habeas corpus” is a doctrine that is based on the argument that an individual should not be unlawfully detained. According to Anderson (2006), the doctrines states that “the prisoner or detainee should be brought before the court to decide on the lawfulness of a person’s detention or imprisonment”. The doctrine is has been used in regular occasions in various countries. In the United States, habeas corpus can be used by the federal courts to determine the validity of a prisoner’s detention by the ...

Chapter Two: Real Estate Lending Decision in Kuwaiti Banks

Literature Review

The five Cs of credit model – character, collateral, capital, conditions and capacity, all serve as important indicators for gauging the inclination and aptitude of debtors in fulfilling the obligations they have to their respective creditors (Sraeel, 2005, p. 40, par. 5; Strischek, 2009, par. 2). It is thus advisable for creditors to make their decisions based on the five Cs of credit model in order for them to assess the creditworthiness of their respective debtors properly (Strischek, 2011, par. 1). The prominence of the five Cs of credit model resurged most recently during the 2008 global financial ...

ID Number The Communist Party of China overthrew imperialism, capitalism, and feudalism, and ultimately won the new-democratic revolution and established the People’s Republic of China. Through this, the socialist transformation of the private ownership through production was accomplished, exploitation was abolished, and the socialist system was eventually established. The Chinese constitution states that all power belongs to the people and that the state provides protection to the interests and lawful rights of the minorities and develops and upholds the relationship of unity, equality, and shared assistance among all people in China. Discrimination and oppression are prohibited including ...

Introduction

The courts judicial review and constitutional interpretation has been a central rational objection for democracy. The regular judicial invalidation of policies passed by elected officials as a minimum brought up problems of democratic legitimacy. The rational objection, which has been brought up against a background over many years of the United States populist political argument, prompted the active use of the judicial power in constitutional interpretation give way to the decision of legislative and majorities. The courts power in striking down laws considered unconstitutional has been politically controversial throughout American history (Prakash, 2003). The judicial review power has become politically salient and ...

When studying philosophy and political science in general, the names of Plato and Aristotle are often mentioned as the most prominent minds and the starters of many philosophical and political doctrines. Both philosophers were concerned with the nature of the State, or the polis, the forms it could take and which one of them could be considered as the best possible regime a society could give itself. According to Bertrand Russell, Aristotelism gave the foundations to forms of government based on reason, while Platonism gave foot to idealism and the establishment of mysticism as a way to control societies . This work ...

The Right to Work Sates

Introduction The concept of the Right to work States A trade union is the amalgamation of workers that are joined together by the pursuit of increased pay, tolerable working conditions and protecting the integrity of the trade. Trade unions originated from Europe during the industrial revolution in order to provide bargaining power to workers who lacked the skills and expertise. Workers complained of mistreatment from the employers. A scrutiny of the history of trade unionism reveals that the employees raised legitimate claims on the relationship with their employers. Employers had an unfair advantage over their employers in ...

Introduction to American Government: Chapter One

I am interested with chapter one on the United States constitution because its offers a thorough analysis on the content of the America constitution. The chapter analyses the importance of the constitution in American development. Some of the key milestones in the making of the constitution are also clearly described in the chapter. The chapter also takes note of the importance of the constitution in enhancing unity and development in the country. In addition to this, the constitution explains the role and contribution of all the parties in the country’s social and political progress. The analysis of the chapter ...

Introduction

Labor relations law is State and Federal laws that are applied in representing employees. The law represents employees in matters pertaining collective bargaining and also employer-union practices. The labor relations laws, the National Labour Relations Act in combination with the federal and state labor laws are responsible for making the legal counsel necessary. The structure of the workplace, the responsibility of both employees and employer and conflict resolution at workplace is outlined in the labor and employment laws. At times, labor laws are contained in the federal regulations where provide the necessary direction to employers and employees on ...

The history of the American nation has come a long way since the early 15th century to mid17th century. Over these years, there have been several significant events which have shape the US. The American history is very rich and involves a number evens such as the election of Washington, the federalist philosophy, democratic republicans, U.S. Constitution, slavery, nullification and succession, compact theory, election of 1824, Jacksonian democracy, Whigs, war of 1812, second bank of the US, Webster Hayne Debate, Missouri compromise, and market revolution; which shaped the modern-day U.S. This discusses the American history beginning with the election of George ...

Federalism as practiced by the United States is a system of government where different regions or states are subjected by the constitution to submit some of their authorities to a central government that administer this on an exclusive or implied authoritative list. The states/regional governments have concurrent or delegated powers to share with the federal government and also have reserved residual power places where they administer. Hence, this division of power also relate to how fiscal policies in the state are being administered. In the case of revenue sharing, the federal government and states generate revenues or are allocated funds based ...

Langston Hughes in his poem “Let America Be America Again” paints a picture of an America that is a deprivation of the ideal people have about it. He mentions that America has never lived up to this ideal, but that he is dedicated to it becoming that ideal. He writes, “America never was America to me, /And yet I swear this oath— /America will be!” The poem is as much a wish of how Hughes wants America to be but sees that it is currently not. He writes, “Let it be that great strong land of love /Where never kings connive nor tyrants ...

Academic freedom refers to a very old debate which has evolved over the centuries to having become an integral part of constitutions around the globe such as in the 1940 Statement of Principles on Academic Freedom and Tenure in the United States, the 1996 Constitution of South Africa, the German Constitution and the 1987 Philippine Constitution, all referred to the right to academic freedom in their own specific manners. In actuality, it means the right to research and convey new ideas through teaching without any inconvenience regardless of the ideas being controversial (Encyclopedia of Ethics 10). There is though, in ...

US Constitution makers imagined a constitution that protects the rights of its citizens. Constitutions should protect the rights of citizens but some provisions should also be made to deal with ay untoward situation and in order to maintain law and order in the society. Constitutions of almost every country give some rights to governments in order to deal with unrests that take place in society due to several reasons. Such powers are known as coercive powers. This paper intends to discuss coercive powers with a special perspective to examine its relevance in United States of America along with discussing several ...

This submission seeks to compare and contrast the states of Texas and Oregon in the United States. The comparison and contrast will not be generally on all respects but will be guided by six thematic areas. These thematic areas on which this submission will be based include the political culture of the two states, the constitutions of both states, the legislatures of the two states, the executives of the two states and the judiciaries of the two states with particular emphasis on the differences if any in the process of selecting judges and the court system. The submission will ...

(Insert Instructor) (Insert Course) (Insert Date)

Religious rhetoric has been very influential in the contemporary world in different aspects. We acknowledge religion uses both the spoken and written words to convey the intended message. We also observe religion relies on language to enable people converse with God or gods, talk about the sacred, show divine intervention and understanding. All these are in rhetoric form for they aim at convincing people to adore the sacred power in their life undertakings. According to Liguori in the book Uniformity with God’s Will, he appreciates that, “Perfection is founded ...

The name of the topic could entail a philosophical discussion: the absolute (from Latin – absolūtus which means "loosened from" or "unattached) is understood as “the concept of an unconditional reality which transcends limited, conditional, everyday existence.” (“Absolute (Philosophy)”, Wikipedia.org). For example, certain right and freedoms of an individual are recognized by constitutions of states as “absolute”, i.e. unconditional and realizable at the sole discretion of an individual (such as freedom from torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment). On the other hand, most constitutions recognize that reasonable limits may be placed on all right, such as ...

Is It Ever Just To Disobey The Law? Under What Circumstances?

The issue on whether it is justified to disobey some laws has raised endless debates among professionals and critical thinkers from all quarters. Some professionals support the ideas of disobeying the existing law while others are opposed to the ideas of violating laws. Some legal scholars argue that disobeying the law that is intended at bringing sanity in the society is highly detrimental. Individuals and organisations that disobey laws face criticism from diverse grounds. Some legal advisers argue that, citizens have an obligation of showing loyalty to their state by obeying the set regulations. Despite the rational arguments staged ...

Creation of the Republican Institutions, 1776 – 1787

The revolutionaries of the American Revolution did not tire of insisting that their cause was not limited to just attaining independence from Great Britain. Their expectation was the inauguration of a new order for the ages, by demonstrating that a stable and permanent form of government would be that in which people were sovereign and governed themselves without the benefit of the lords of king. Therefore, after the Declaration of independence, the issue of political power arose. This issue had many perspectives which included where power would reside (national government or states), who would be in control of the new republican ...

Introduction

There is no event in the American history that was so improbable during its time has been seen to be inevitable as the American Revolution; it is among the greatest turning points in western civilization. It began in 1763 when the British probed the Great Britain intrusions into their civil lies and economic progress. The American Revolution was founded on several ideas and events which, combined resulted in a social and political separation of the British possessions from the home country and a cleaving of its former colonies into one sovereign and independent nation. The critical precursor to the revolution was ...

After the American colonies won their independence from the British, the thirteen colonies became the current thirteen states on America. These states have formed a league that enables them to work together in harmony. The Article of Confederation was a document that described their system of government, where the state governments had most of the power than the national/federal government. However, this contradicted the government under the King that placed the national/federal government above the state governments. The constitution was written in order to replace the Article of confederation, which the founding fathers thought to leave the nation too weak. The ...

Question 1

United States embraces a federal form of governance that consists of state governments, local governments, and the federal government. Under the provisions of federal constitution, state governments have a legal mandate and obligation to make and amend state’s constitution in order to provide quality services to the citizens. Although state’s constitutions differ in many aspects from federal constitutions, most have three arms of government (executive, legislature, and judiciary), and reflect values, beliefs, and political culture of the state. Like other states, the Lowa State has an active and effective constitution that acts as a legal document that governs the state ...

(CANADIAN LAW, STATE AND CONSTITUTION)

Introduction

It is common for a trend to emerge in the process through which a country’s judiciary takes a given field of law and for how the law based approach evolves in a gradual manner over a given time period. In most cases different judicial eras often emerges in a delineated way, reflecting some changes in the human rights, even in the nation’s highest level court. In promotion of human rights, the pattern emerging in Canada is popularly defined as fast moving and a highly accelerating roller like coaster ride. At some occasion, the Canadian judicial system led by the ...

Introduction

Marriage between the members of the same sex is called gay or same-sex marriage. Lately the issue of legalizing gay marriage has evoked a lot of controversy. In several jurisdictions in the US, gay marriage has attained legal status. Nine states including Maryland, Maine, Iowa, Connecticut, Massachusetts, New York, Vermont, New Hampshire, and Washington have legitimized gay marriage or same-sex marriage. On the other hand, there are 30 states which have prohibited gay marriage in their constitutions and nine others ban it by statute. The question facing us now is, should the US government reverse the marriage laws of 44 ...

Introduction

Political science as a discipline has a number of concepts; equality, government, freedom, nature of good life, politics, power, force, authority, structure, system, constitution, democracy, balance of power, separation of power and legitimacy just to name but a few. In my essay I will discuss three concepts; government, democracy and the constitution.

Government

The above refers to the structures or institutions that are responsible primarily for making public policy for an entire nation or society. According to Harold Lasswell it’s a system that determines who gets what, when and how. David Easton defines government as an authority that allocates resources. Karl Deutsch argues ...

In the past, matters affecting the employees were only discussed by the corporate employers or at times individual employers made their decisions about the jobs offered to employees without consulting one another. This resulted in a range of working conditions on the same job giving employees different attitudes. As a result dislike for some jobs developed and eventually fall-out of employees from jobs was very high. (dol.govt.nz) As a result, the employees decided to form a forum to fight for their rights and campaign against oppressive employment. After formation of such employee organizations (e.g. civil servants associations), the voice of the employees ...

The death penalty also known professionally as capital punishment is where one is put to death by the state after being found guilty of a heinous crime. Its existence can be traced back to the eighteenth century in the code of King Hammurabi (Strieb 24). During the colonial times, the death penalty was approved in most constitutions. The common methods used included hanging or mutilation of the head. These methods were thought of as slower, torturous and ineffective. Consequently and with industrialisation, these methods were improvised to include electrocution and the use of lethal drugs. The main aim of a ...

Introduction

Marriage between the members of the same sex is called gay or same-sex marriage. Lately the issue of legalizing gay marriage has evoked a lot of controversy. In several jurisdictions in the US, gay marriage has attained legal status. Nine states including Maryland, Maine, Iowa, Connecticut, Massachusetts, New York, Vermont, New Hampshire, and Washington have legitimized gay marriage or same-sex marriage. On the other hand, there are 30 states which have prohibited gay marriage in their constitutions and nine others ban it by statute. The question that we face now, should the US government reverse the marriage laws of 44 ...

As the world is progressing and pollution becoming a major determent to a green world, recycling has chipped in to help better the situation. By coincidence, most of the waste products in industries and household chores are recyclable. This means by increasing the rates or recycling we reduce overall rate of resource exploitation and extinction. We also help conserve the environment and ease the process of making the world green. In most cases, governments have come up with acts or laws in their constitutions that help govern the process of recycling. Such acts of parliament or sections of the constitutions usually ...