Essays on Taxation

Abstract

Marijuana is one of the controversial drugs in the world today. Before marijuana is taxed, it should be legalized like any other legal drugs in the world. There are many states and nations that have legalized marijuana and implemented taxation policies, while others have made it an illegal drug. Other people assert that the economic and financial impact of marijuana taxation is not relevant to the economy. . Economically, if marijuana is not taxed then it means that the free market price of legalized marijuana will be too low. Therefore, when the price is low, it means that everyone is Continue reading...

Federal income tax refers to the structure of impositions of tax against the incomes of various individuals within the borders of the country (Klein 5). The government therefore exclusively taxes the individual income of all working persons within the borderline of the United States. The federal income tax is bound by the law in all aspects. This therefore implies that all individuals as provided in the guidelines supporting the whole system have an obligation of remitting part of their income to the government annually.

The federal tax income system works in a unique way. Salaries of individuals are taxed Continue reading...

Abstract

The paper focuses on the development of taxation based on contributions of  Ricardo, Smith and Petty. They both developed the taxation idea from Locke’s theory of a single tax on rent. Their major contribution was on the incident tax, which demonstrates value system, power relations and group interests on taxation. Finally, the paper analyzes how taxation influences economic decision in the 21st century.

Introduction

The development of political economy in the 17th century was characterized by an effort to flee from Locke’s theorem that all taxes would eventually fall on the rent of land as well as his Continue reading...

<Name>
<Subject>
<Professor>

Part I

Market failure has several types, two of which being monopolization and imperfect information. Monopolization refers to the emergence of only one player in a given market. If a market involves only one supplier, then that supplier has the power to command higher prices on the products it supplies. In that case, there is no competition to compel the supplier to lower its prices on products. Without any competition, the people benefiting from the products supplied by the supplier will have no choice but to pay for the price the supplier sets. In that Continue reading...

Abstract

The war on drugs in the world is one of the expensive battle that incorporate legal, social, and financial reasons. It is worth noting that marijuana is one of the debatable issues in the world. The legalization of marijuana is one of the controversial issues based on the variation of opinions from one state to another. Marijuana is one of the top selling agricultural products in most states. Regardless of legalization or illegalization of marijuana, the product is still sold to the high number of customers. Marijuana should be taxed like any other product in the market so as Continue reading...

Abstract

The war on drugs in the world is one of the expensive battle that incorporate legal, social, and financial reasons. It is worth noting that marijuana is one of the debatable issues in the world. The legalization of marijuana is one of the controversial issues based on the variation of opinions from one state to another. Marijuana is one of the top selling agricultural products in most states. Regardless of legalization or illegalization of marijuana, the product is still sold to the high number of customers. Marijuana should be taxed like any other product in the market so as Continue reading...

Introduction

A country collects taxes from its citizens in order to raise money for development and growth. The manner in which a country’s revenue authority collects taxes varies from one country to another since different policies and constitutions govern tax collection. Have you ever asked yourself, as a tax payer, whether the taxation system in your country is fair? We do not have a fair taxation system in United States, and this can be explained further in the article written by Veronique de Rugy. Veronique de Rugy, an author of the National Review online writes an article about the Continue reading...

 Course:

Introduction
Governments in the world today loose much revenue through tax evasion and tax avoidance practise by individuals and business enterprises (Innes 2005). The paper shall discuss the difference between tax evasion and tax avoidance using recent relevant examples and give their implications. The paper shall also evaluate the how the taxation policies result to distribution of income in UK and the failure involved. The paper shall also examine the influence of international laws and EU policies on UK taxation policies.

Differences between tax avoidance and tax evasion

The term tax evasion refers to use of illegal mean to avoid paying taxes. Tax evasion comprises of Continue reading...

1) Introduction of Economic Issue
In my point of view, I completely disagree with the notion that the rich should pay more taxes. I strongly oppose over payment of taxes from the rich. In my point of view, the rich should be thanked for their great contribution to the economy of a nation rather than forcing them to pay more taxes than an ordinary citizen. It would be totally unfair to them to be victimized just because they are rich in the society (Olken, & Singhal, 2009). There are a number of reasons why I oppose this notion; one thing Continue reading...

Does increasing Cigarette Tax Help in Reducing Number of Smokers? To what extend does it decrease smokers if it leads to decreased smokers?

Abstract

Many governments have continuously increased i cigarettes taxes for the last decades. However, governments have been recording increased revenue from cigarette taxes despite decreasing number of smokers. The revenue raised has been used to finance ant tobacco campaigns across the country. Tobacco is a habit forming commodity this makes adults who have been smoking for long not to change their habits in short run. Researchers have given two main reasons for their behavior. First and foremost, Continue reading...

Episode 2: Utilitarianism

The utilitarianism theory is referred to as a normative theory because of its characteristics and positive advocacies in the society, for example, its championship for a utilitarian society that is free from control of the government and one that causes more happiness (West, 214). The proponents of the utilitarianism theory believe that human beings are rational and are able to judge between good ideas and bad ones. Human beings have their individual rights that should be respected and not be infringed at any cost. One of the human rights supported by utilitarianism and one that is deeply discussed in Continue reading...

The marijuana legalization issue was first debated over 100 years ago by BIHDC (British Indian Hemp Drugs Commission). This commission resorted to a defined conclusion that; cannabis sativa (marijuana) was detrimental to human health,and the best way out was to impose high taxation to this drug. Prohibition of this drug was inevitable; the best solution was to tax the crop highly. This resolution failed after several years of attempts. Marijuana remained a legal drug in India until the year 1989 when it was phased off by the single convention international narcotics treaty (Gahlinger 2004). Over the recent past, Continue reading...

The views of Adam Smith, William Petty and John Stuart Mill on Taxation

Introduction
Taxation has generated various views from different groups of scholars based on its intense and demanding nature of the subject. Definitely, taxation entails the use of existing state and government laws to impose financial charges upon individuals, which seeks to facilitate equal resource distribution1. As such, taxation usually occurs through the use of monetary terms whereby they are submitted directly or indirectly to the administrative forums. Arguably, taxation occurs as a way in which surplus produce is collected to allow for equitable distribution of already available resources2. Although taxation forms an essential basis for equal resource distributions, various Continue reading...

Introduction

In the second half of XX century a trend towards scaling up and strengthening the role of the state in the economic sphere. At the same time it is recognized that the highest efficiency is achieved in a competitive market mechanism. Therefore, the state aims to not adjust the market mechanism, and to create conditions for its free operation, providing a high level of competition. Competition should be wherever possible regulatory influence of the state, and wherever it is needed. Most economists converge in the understanding that the "invisible hand of the market" is required to be supplemented by Continue reading...

Introduction

The present taxation system in Brazil was established by the 1988 Brazilian constitution that gave power to the State, Municipal, and Federal Governments to collect the taxes. Because of the numerous regulations that each of the three governments enacted, the taxation system in Brazil is very complex, and this leads to an environment where the authorities require the taxpayers to comply with various obligations comprising tax collection as well as reporting. The tax regulations and laws in Brazil are among the most confusing and hard to comply with throughout the world. The many rules that the three levels of Continue reading...

Globalization has led to firms becoming multinationals since additional international markets are opening up and, therefore, economies are becoming integrated. With the increase in trade, migration and finance there are expected to be a rise in the level of global domestic Product. The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) was established to stimulate trade between countries and also ensure that there is economic progress. OECD has thirty-four member states currently including the U.S, France, and U.K among others (OECD, 2005). These are some of the best economies in the world hence OECD hence this business plays a major Continue reading...

The American tax system is designed in a way that people of different social class pay different tax amounts and rates. The taxation used on the corporate is different from the one used by the IRS on individual American citizens. The IRS uses different tax rates on people with different incomes in order to enhance the canons of taxation. These canons include equity, productivity, economy, elasticity and convenience. The taxation system used by the revenue collecting body has several effects on the macro economy of the nation. The tax system usually aims to achieve the basic objectives of maximum Continue reading...

Taxation is one of the controversial issues in society today. There are any reasons that have been raised in support of marijuana taxation. On the same note, other scholars assert that marijuana taxation is not bet best way to undertake. It is worth noting that marijuana taxation comes with various negative issues that counter the arguments for marijuana taxation. The state is always focused at the social, economic, and political status of its people is stable. The state should not expose its people to risks, but rather ensure that people consume health products. Therefore, marijuana should not be taxed.
Continue reading...

The issue of marijuana taxation is one of the heavily debated in United States and other parts of the world. Marijuana should be taxed like any other products in the market. The essence of taxing marijuana is based on the fact that it earns revenue, funds the regulation strategies of marijuana, advance marijuana in the globe, as well as making it difficult to repeal but, others assert that taxation of marijuana should not be allowed based on the fact that other states and nations have not even legalized the substance. It is worth noting that marijuana taxation has become Continue reading...

This is an important source of federal revenue all over the world and a major consideration in planning business activities. The USA imposes one of the highest federal corporate income taxes in the globe. This aspect is through enticement of corporations to outsource where there are more favorable tax rates (Abraham, Howard, Richard, 5). The article focuses on the economic incentives created by taxation of the corporate and further review available evidence of their behavioral impact.

History of Corporate Taxation

The 1894 Revenue Act established the principles of taxing available corporations in a way that is separate from their owners. The Federal tax Continue reading...

International Security

Debatably, the most potent lesson that all nations learnt from the first and second world wars, is the fact that sustaining war is one of the most expensive forms of public spending. War can drain the economic strength of a country to an extent that a country can shift from a first class economy to a middle income economy. Historians have always had to look at war as a detrimental social phenomenon that has negative impacts on the economic development of the state h, as well as the country building process. Contrary to this assumption, war has positive aspects Continue reading...

Tax considerations influence decisions on where to invest, the kinds of businesses to engage in, as well as the methods of financing and recognizing revenues/expenses and the transfer prices to charge. This implies that management ought to minimize international taxes through contending with special rules regarding taxation of foreign income. Issues relating to double taxation, tax provisions, arbitrage opportunities between national tax jurisdictions for multinational firms and transfer pricing ought to be assessed in order to minimize corporate taxes in the broader context of strategic planning and control (Choi & Meek, 2010).

Globalization of businesses has immense effects on the Continue reading...

Introduction

The United States constitution gives every state the sovereign right to tax any property, tangible or intangible, which is within its jurisdiction. However, the same constitution grants Congress the power to limit any such rights in exercising its federal authority. The federal government limits the taxation powers in property that is involved in interstate commerce . Therefore, there is debate towards distinguishing between interstate commerce and property involved in interstate commerce within the jurisdiction of a state. Understanding the difference between these two aspects is more of a legal matter. This research analyses the rules and laws regarding state taxation Continue reading...

Taxes are in direct relation with the macro-economic operation of the state, in which, the revenue generated by the state is invested to ensure the smooth running of the administration; it also directly affects the micro-economic behavior of consumers/individuals/citizens as well as numerous public goods and services. Every action or policy pertaining to economic structure has a benefit or a drawback (Agliardi, 2001). People are influenced by incentives: will a particular product or a service satisfy their demand? How will it bring private benefits to them? Does the use of that particular product or a service has an overall Continue reading...

Equilibrium and Economic Policies

Of the both policies, the Tax Reduction is better policy as it stimulates the economy in a better way than government spending. Although there are number of reasons for my acceptance of policy of tax reduction. However, before coming to a conclusion we will be discussing below employment level output and then will evaluate the given policies to correct them.
When an economy is operating under below potential GDP level in such case it is said to be operating at Below Full Employment Equilibrium. It is a macroeconomic concept where an economy’s short run gross domestic level is Continue reading...

Philosophy

The book the republic two presents three kinds of good. The first category of good is the good that is accepted for its own sake paying no attention to the consequences of this good. The second kind of good is good desirable in its self and on account of its consequences. The third kind of good is good that is accepted on account of its consequences only. John Locke defines a just society as a society in which individuals are allowed their three basic rights that is the right to liberty, right to life and right to own property. Continue reading...

The term economic growth can be defined as the increase in productive capacity of the country. Is measured by comparing the GNP in a given year with that of the previous year. Some of the principal causes of economic growth include increased capital, advancement in technology and sustainable development among others.
Currently, the World Bank has taken the responsibility of advising some of the newly industrialised countries such as Singapore and Hongkong on how they can improve their economic growth. The World Bank aims at delivering financial and technical assistance to the countries that are most in needs so Continue reading...

Introduction

The main objective of this paper is to understand business environment in relation to how economic factors and government regulations impact business decisions and activities. It begins by explaining the different processes of allocating and distributing limited resources in various economy systems. Then the paper assesses the impact of fiscal and monetary policy on business organizations and their activities. In this section, the paper develops a discussion of how expansionary and contradictory policies impact on the business environment. Using Orange UK as an example, the paper then develops an evaluation of the impact of competition policy and other regulatory Continue reading...

A tax is a compulsory contribution from an individual to the government. This payment to the government does not usually result to supply of goods and services to an individual. However, tax is important to any country in that it enables the government run its daily activities and in addition, the government is able to provide goods and services that the private sectors are not willing to supply due to the fact that these goods and services are unprofitable or it is not possible to exclude people from consuming the goods (Forbes, 47). The type of tax levied by Continue reading...

Issue: For the economic development and well-being of the Americans, should tax reform that focuses on tax cut be introduced by the Obama administration?

Thesis: Understanding tax reforms in the USA is of great benefit as it helps re-organize the country's economic reform policy. This can however only be achieved via the accomplishment of sound tax reforms. Comprehensive understanding of a country's tax reform strategies determines the prosperity of country's economy. Continue reading...

1. Methods to calculate taxable value of fringe benefits: Australian Taxation law allows some benefits to the employees by their employers in the form of different services, benefits, privileges or rights. Under fringe benefits tax act, 1986 the fringe benefit may include cheaper loans to employees by the employer, to allow employees of the company to use Employer’s car, look after medical or legal problems etc. if a person works somewhere for anybody or in a company, the general concept is that the worker will get remuneration in cash but a new concept recognized by Australian taxation law Continue reading...

Brief history

Zurich Financial Services Company was started in 1872. As the name suggests, the company‘s intention was to offer extremely reliable financial services to the citizens of Switzerland. The company had been created to offer marine reinsurance services. It was originally known as the “Versicherungs-Verein” which meant the Insurance Association. After several acquisitions, in 2ooo the company changed its name to Zurich Financial Services in order to incorporate the many companies that it had acquired according to their functions. Zurich Financial Services Company is the biggest insurer in Switzerland. The company has also become extremely competitive in the global Continue reading...

Introduction.

The future of human-kind depends on state’s capacities rights. If this argument is anything to go by then states must focus on the contributions of the corporate businesses and private sectors, and how such interface with public expectations and values. This interface describes how billions of people dependent upon the state must service both in dignity and in an economical perspective. For the last few years corporations operating both domestically and internationally shield their profits from taxation troubling tax payers and governments alike. There has, however, been a limited effort to associate such tax evasion to corporate responsibility Continue reading...

Section 1

What is the main issue presented in the media report?
- The Australian Government proposed the imposition of a cigarette sales excise tax in an effort to curb demand, and promote additional finance to public health administration. The cigarettes are slated to cost an extra 25% or AUS$2.16 per 30 pack carton.
- The debate surrounding the imposition of a new excise tax targets the economic efficiency of charging tariffs on consumer purchase of cigarette products. The counter argument points to the demand for the product, and also the $27.8 million dollar government allocation to a public health Continue reading...

The US systems of taxation.

The US Taxation System is believed to be one of the most developed and sophisticated tax systems in the whole world. Being a federal government country with a liberal economy, taxes in the USA are imposed by the federal, most state, and local governments; but they are completely separated from each other and each of those has its own authority to charge taxes and to determine the tax rate. Nevertheless, the process itself is being done on all of three levels simultaneously, which means people end up paying several taxes at once. Still, the leading role in this complicated Continue reading...

Since the Great War for Empire happened, a string of changes in the relationship between the British Empire and colonial America have laid the groundwork towards rebellion in the continent and eventual independence of the colonies via the American Revolution. The British sought to tighten their control on their American territories, with their driving point being more on material interests provided by vast resources within the vast tracts of continental lands rather than genuine ancestral networks with the people living there. The result led to circumstances that motivated an uprising aimed at secession and independence from British Rule, which is justified on the part of the Americans due to abuse of their rights under British law, self-preservation by means of armed struggle and the protection of blossoming progress in their land at the time (Henretta, Edwards & Self, 2011). Continue reading...

A. Identify the Facts and All Stakeholder Groups Likely to be Affected

Andrew Yo is a relevant part of Asia Telecom’s financial management and accounting team. Asia Telecom on the other hand is a large-scale telecommunications company whose main sources of income involve the provision of telecommunications services to a wide array of clients such as American Express, General Electric and IBM, and LDDS or Long Distance Discount Services.
The company never really had any major problems dealing with large-scale corporations that are in need of telecommunications products and services such as the ones required above because more often than not, the transactions are done directly or non-overseas. This way, Continue reading...

Arguably, taxes are part of experience in which human beings undergo in any nations. The global economy depends tremendously on tax, the only variation comes are a result of the type of tax system implemented. Taxation rules and tax systems are critically complicated in most countries. In fact, an economy that receives very small percentage of income from tax mainly operates at a deficit due to failure to sustain itself. Hence, they are forced to borrow from other nation or international organizations such as the World Bank. Globally, many nations have cut their corporate tax rates and implemented flat Continue reading...

The advantages and disadvantages of the four different forms of business organization, when starting a business, there are several issues to consider as to the kind of business one aspires to start. The kind of business that someone can start varies in structure and has a big bearing on the operation of the business. There are other implications that vary from taxation to legal implication and accounting processes. Each of these businesses has its own advantages and disadvantages.

Sole proprietorship

This is most common and simplest form of business to start. This is because an individual can easily start, own and manage a business, and this type makes the majority of the businesses Continue reading...

Q1.
Arguably, American Revolution brought to an end the two century British rule. This revolution led to the creation of modern United States of America. As a matter of fact, the era was disturbing and exhilarating; it was a dislocation for others while to some it was a time process meant to bring changes. Certainly, in the stir of the revolution came various events such as ratification and drafting of the constitution .Another event was the rebellion of slaves due to contrast between proclamation of liberty and slavery. The entire revolution process led to social, economic, and political changes. Continue reading...