Essays on Taxation

Introduction

Many nations use income taxation to raise domestic revenue. The income taxation rates vary from country to country. Australia is one among the countries with highest taxation rate. Australia uses a system of progressive income taxation in raising her domestic income. In this system, the tax paid is proportional to the income earned. High income earners pay more tax than low-income earners. The bone of contention in this system is that all people are not taxed at equal rates. Low income earners are usually taxed at a percentage lower than 15%, while those with very high income are taxed at a rate ...

Introduction

A tax is a financial charge levied upon individuals and entities’ incomes by the state. Taxes are mandatory in every economy for governments to be able to finance basic provisions such as for their citizens. These are security, employment, health care, infrastructure such as roads, and other socio-economic programs just to mention a few. Though taxes are unpopular with the masses, the idea of raising taxes on corporations has both advantages and its disadvantages. With the current fiscal cliff challenge brought about by the expiry of the Bush Tax Cut facing the U.S. economy, democrats argue that tax increments are necessary ...

International tax treaties as a means of advancing economic goals

International tax treaties have become quite common especially among countries that have decided to come to an agreement to promote trade. These treaties are reached following total evaluation of the benefits that may arise out of the treaties that have been reached. The treaties are common among countries that are in constant trade with each other. Therefore, through reaching upon the treaties, it is quite obvious that there will be more trading activities taking place between the countries that have come to an agreement. This will be through attracting more entrepreneurs into putting more resources to conducting the trade ...

DD Curve is the summarized relationship between Exchange Rate and Ouput Level which shows all the combinations of output and the exchange rate for which the output market is in short run equilibrium i.e (aggregate demand= aggregate output)

The above figure represents upward sloping DD Curve explaining the effect of movement in exchange rate on output level when both Domestic Price Levels(P) and Foreign Price Levels(P*) are fixed. The figure represents the effect of depreciation of domestic currency on domestic output levels and related aggregate demand. Thus, when domestic currency depreciates ...

ABSTRACT

The aim of the current research was to examine the impact of the wider view of CSR on operations management of any the organization. The aim was divided into four objectives i.e. This research was based on secondary analysis. The researcher collected secondary data from internet and peer-reviewed journals to achieve the research objectives. The researcher made the following conclusion from this research. Decision-making is the core responsibility of managers. Operations managers need ensure that business decisions do not affect the society negatively. The business should not make profits at the cost of the environment. The manager should ...

Transfer pricing is a process where prices or rates used when selling products or services between parent companies, divisions, departments, or subsidiary (SMULLEN, 2001). It exists when two related companies (the parent company and a subsidiary) trade amongst each other. For example, a US based subsidiary of Coca-cola trading with an African subsidiary of Coca-cola. When such subsidiaries engage in price establishments for a transaction the results are transfer pricing.

WITTENDORFF (2010) provides that in transfer pricing the prices set for the exchange may be the original prices set for the products or the original purchase price or a rate reduced to cater ...

U.S. GENERAL AVIATION INDUSTRY U.S. General Aviation Industry in Regards to Business and Corporate Flying

Introduction

In order to understand the organization of the United States’ aviation industry, there are several factors that are necessary to note, and that will guide us in understanding how it has been organized, and its operation with regards to the changing internal and external aspects and situations within the United States, and beyond. One of the key things, for example, to note includes the fact that the changes and instability of the United States’ economy has severely affected various industries across the nation, ...

I am happy today, humbled by your presence here today and humbled by your continued faith and hope in our country, hope in our party and hope in all the Canadian people believing in our highly held ideal that what brings us together as Canadians is more than what drives as apart. You have continued to express the belief that the answer lies with the people and the people can only form a government through the liberal party. And so we are all congregated here today, drawn from diverse areas of our country, sharing in the same belief, that ...

ARTICLE ANALYSIS

The article gives a detailed picture of the level of poverty in the United States. It depicts that almost ninety eight million (97.3) Americans fall in the category where they earn low income. These are in the category of earning from one hundred to two hundred (100-200) percentage of the poverty level. An extra forty nine million find themselves in the category of low-income earners. This gives one hundred and forty six (146.4) million, which is equivalent to forty-eight percent of the total American population. The figure has risen by four million in duration of three years. In the compiling ...

Abstract

The Tax Reform of 1986 was passed by the U.S. Congress on October 1986. The Act was meant to broaden the tax base, eliminate existing tax shelters and simplify the existing income tax code. It is widely referred to as the second of the “Reagan tax cuts” (United States, 2011). The bill in the congress was supported by Democrats, in the House of Representatives by Richard Gephardt and in the Senate by Bill Bradley. The Act resulted in the reducing of the individual tax rates of the Americans thereby increasing neutrality in the tax system. The Act also ...

Introduction

This dissertations main porpoise and focus will be to address if the British armed forces will have any role in future international conflict. It will address the beginning of the British Empire all the way to the empire that we know today. After this we will look at concerns and threats that the British might face as well as the rest of the world and how this could have an impact on the British role in any future conflict. After having discussed all of the concerns we will look at the ability through advances in technology for any involvement ...

- My Topic Is: the legalization of marijuana - General Purposes: The general purpose is to show the public that marijuana is not harmful, but helpful - Specific Purpose: At the end of my speech, the audience will agree that marijuana is not a detriment to society, but something that can end suffering and help people. - Thesis: While many waste time and money policing marijuana, it is a drug that can end medical suffering and economic crisis. - Method of Organization: Outline - Preparation Outline for Speech

Introduction

In recent years, the legalization of marijuana has ...

Conclusion on Pest Analysis

The political, economic, socio-cultural and technological trends significantly affects the performance as well as the strategic marketing plan of MCRI. From the research on the political trends it shows that MCRI is affected by the upcoming election in 2016. In 2012, Obama won for a re-election which supported the sustainability plan previously initiated under the same administration prior to 2012. However, in 2016 remains to be seen. It is identified as a threat because of the uncertainty in how the new sets of leaders would address the concerns of the industry where MCRI belongs. Policies, laws and stipends might be revoked, ...

The Conscription of Wealth: Mass Warfare and the Demand for Progressive Taxation (2010) by Kenneth Scheve and David Stasavage.

Scheve and Stasavage assert that redistribution of wealthy through progressive taxation has remained a major concern for governments for many years. Most governments adopt tax policies, which support the use of progressive taxation to lower income disparity, promote investment and minimize collective sacrifice and suffrage of citizens in warfare (Scheve & Stasavage 529). However, the increase in demand for progressive taxation is fuelled by existence of political parties, which mobilize mass to participate in warfare and the establishment of ...

Over the last several decades, members of the investment community at large have shifted attentions to the emerging markets of the east. As centers of growth blossomed in Asia, major businesses with traditional centers in London and New York began to gravitate eastward, establishing monetary as well as physical presences in the Asia. This development has led to the emergence of Singapore as a business center from which Asian and Western operators have begun to center their business interests.

The status of Singapore as a hub of Asian and international business is not surprising. Singapore was long a British Crown Colony ...

I would like to start a small clothing boutique. I love clothes and I know a lot about fashion. The market for clothes is very large because clothing is a basic need. People like items that are stylish and trendy. Therefore, I need to do a lot of research on the tastes and preferences of the consumers so that I can avail to them the kind of clothes that they desire. There are business laws that must be followed while carrying out the clothing business. The laws are meant to promote fair competition, promote the economy of the country, and ensure that the ...

The applicable laws should be determined when dealing with international legal disputes. The issues involved in resolving international legal disputes entails the aspects of mergers and acquisition. The aspects relating to the international courts should be observed. The international legal disputes also involve the aspects of complex litigation. The different taxation regulations at different parts of the country makes it difficult to handle the legal disputes.

The aspects relating to global finance also forms part of legal disputes in an international perspective. International financial markets lead to various legal disputes relating to financial transactions of the international companies. The ...

Secondly, income tax usually has very little or no impact on relocation decisions of both the rich and the poor. Most of these people are tied by family, friends and their jobs. Statistics show a very small percentage (averagely 1.7%) of residents in the U.S moved from one state to the other between 2001 and 2010. Some of these moves were across state lines in the same metropolitan areas. Research has noted that there are numerous reasons why people migrate to long distances or fail to migrate but taxes have not had a major effect. Also when looking at the ...

Introduction

The legal structure of a business has a huge influence on the managerial/regulatory requirements and other strategic variables, which in turn impacts the bottom line. A proper choice of the legal structure must take into consideration capitalization, profit and loss allocation, applicable tax regimes, compensation, ownership restrictions, desired managerial control, setup and running costs and the expected future of the business (Hertz, Beasley, & White, 2009). Unfortunately, many business owners fail to appreciate the strategic importance of the legal structure or are simply unable to reconcile the determinant variables. This in turn forces owners to work under restrictive or costly form, ...

Abstract

Inflation more often than not is regarded as a bad economic occurrence where prices of commodities and the general cost of living rise. However, inflation also brings positive economic growth and development. Analysts argue that inflation that is regulated presents several benefits for economic growth and development on one hand while on the other factions have refuted claims to the fact that inflation can be utilized to provide any benefits for the economy. Based on an article by Kenneth Rogoff the paper argues for and against the viewpoints of various authors in regard to the benefits visa-vis the disadvantages of ...

Gambling is an old practice that people have used to make money by either betting on cash, cars or other forms of property. Earlier, the practice was considered illegal until recently when some states decided to make it legal after observing how profitable the business was. Whether gambling on life or one’s dollar, participants in a gambling session display their undoubted nature to take risks. Casinos make use of this instinct, the dinging and buzzing slot machines with glitzy décor and table games that create the impression of one’s transfer into a new place coupled with a peculiar experience. ...

Question 1

The recent income distribution in U.S. indicates that the top 20 percent of the population earn above fifty percent of the aggregate income whereas the bottom 20 percent get 3.4 percent of the aggregate income. The main benefit of this unequal income to the economy and society is that it fosters economic growth (Krueger 8). The top 20 percent who receive more than half of the total income play the vital role of creating more jobs in the economy in terms of doing mega investments. The majority bottom 20 percent receiving the meager income own the skills required in ...

Introduction

The report includes a speculative summary which is highly rendered by the project submitter. The report includes the rules and exemption to work with an accommodated job in United Kingdom. The summary and the report includes the rules and regulations which are necessary as per working in the UK company, and it also discuss about the Tax redemption charges as per the incomes basis of an individual. The report even includes the taxation of any employee working in a UK based company. The rules and regulations are also jotted down to make the project analyst know about the main factual finding ...

According to the Wall Street journal, the U.S Gross domestic product grew by 2.8% in the quarter that ended in September 30. This is according to the data released by the Commerce department. The growth indicates an improvement from the 2.5% growth recorded in the second quarter. According to economists, the growth much of the growth was due to a one-time accumulation of inventory by businesses across the country.

There was reduced spending on equipment and software by business firms in the third quarter. According to economists interviewed in the Wall Street Journal, the government shutdown together with the holiday ...

Career Background

I hold 10 years of experience in the areas of change and release management based tiers in addition to full support and problem management at the service level including available reporting of workloads as batch scheduling. Career was started as a human resource assistant manager from where I gained several opportunities that propelled me to new opportunities that provided me with a sense of purpose and a solid desire of achievement. This has allowed me to have leverage of my experience in highly disciplined environments that have added on my knowledge and methodologies in distributed workflow systems. I have gained the skills ...

Abstract

In the paper clearly defines the term progressive taxation. He also presents an argument that has points in favor of this taxation system and against the system. He considers progressive system fair in a way that it promotes harmony, equality and economic stability in the society. The writer argues against the system by saying it unjust and inequality with the rich people. Moreover, he considers it favoritism for the poor. The points in the topic present an in depth research regarding the progressive method of taxation and presents all the positivity and negativity.

Is Progressive Taxation Fair? What Arguments Could Be Made That It Is Fair Or Unfair?

Progressive taxation is when the government charges ...

There is no question that, as the American colonies grew, a number of hardships were faced and subsequently overcome by its European settlers and later colonialists. Three men, John Smith, Benjamin Franklin, and John Adams, are often discussed in the context of the new land they encountered, the new government and its guiding principles they either formed or attempted to form, and the new culture that developed from the efforts they applied. All three men, in their own respective manner, were revolutionary in their approach to facing these challenges and displayed unique skills in the art of literary persuasion.

When ...

Analyze the effect of externalities on market outcomes

An externality refers to an effect of a production, investment, and consumption decision on an intermediary party that is not considered by the party making the decision. For instance, opening a new business in an area. The decision of the place to station a new Wal-Mart is a crucial decision for the company. However, in the process of making this decision, the company will not consider every available alternative. An example of these externalities is that many of the other businesses in an area may experience larger or increased sales since the introduction of Wal-Mart will bring more people in the area either ...

Introduction

Question 1

The governments contented that its claim for Atlantic Trading Company income taxes ,was claimed to be entitled to first priority rule as an administrative expense instead of the unsecured tax claim since the said taxes of the state were not just any tax but tax specified in the 507(a)(7)(A)(iii) pursuant to 503 (b) (1)(B)(i). The government failed to file the immediate proof of the claim. Since the company made profits in which it was to remit some percentage to the government, the government was not supposed to make administrative expenses on the company. The ...

In partnership Act, a partnership is the relation that exists between persons carrying out business in common with the aim of making a profit. When each partner agrees to contribute property, capital and labor for his share in the partnership, they form a general partnership. The partnership agreement provides for the way in which profit and losses are to be shared. However, profits should be shared equally amongst the partners if it does not exist. Under general partnership, each partner has an equal right to participate in the management, decision making and control of the business. The majority partners resolve disagreements in ...

Taxation on cigarette is believed to have a certain degree of reduction in cigarette demand. This indicates that some individuals can no longer stand and provide the smoking habit expenses. Though, no matter how much taxes increase, most smokers will acquire means of navigating through the tight cigarette budget.

Taxation increase in cigarette will have numerous effects apart from the reduction on the number of smokers. Increase in cigarette tax will help boost the health of the young and the smokers. This portrays that only a few will be involved in the smoking habits, the quitters will reduce their effect of ...

Italy’s political environment

The nature of the political environment of any nation influences investment decision, to the large extent. There are different ways through which the political divide of any nation or region is deemed to affect the operation of globally originated firms that invest within its boundaries. For any global company to accept to invest in a foreign country, the political environment should be encouraging. Conducive environmental factors that are deemed to attract ambitions to invest in any place within the global divide incorporate the political stability. Ideally, a country that is muddled with crime-hosting environment, nationalism as well as regional disagreement is ...

Under the concept of limited liability, the owners have no personal liability over the debts and obligations of a limited liability company. As such, shareholders are only liable up to the extent of their shares’ face value and any unpaid amount or guarantee with respect to those stocks. With regard to business decisions, a limited liability company has more flexibility when it comes to taxation because they can choose to be taxed as a corporation, proprietorship, or partnership and avoid double taxation as the case for corporations.

They also involve less recordkeeping than corporations since a limited liability company does not necessarily ...

Introduction

Datax Tutoring Service exists in its legal form as a legal proprietorship in the form of the business's ownership with mingling of rights of the owner as well as liability and responsibility in combination with business rights. In this case Matt Thomas exists as the owner of the business as well as in legal representation with the responsibility of transaction and management of the activities of the business. There is no legal distinction between the Matt Thomas as the owner and his tutoring business. In addition he is the recipient of allow profits that are subjected to certain taxation ...

Part A

When evaluating healthcare insurance options with a view to selecting one, it is imperative to consider the cost of the insurance. This describes the amount of premium that I will be expected to pay, as well as the payment plan. This would enable me to choose the healthcare option that I can finance adequately, without jeopardizing the coverage of health risks (United Healthcare, 2013). After determining the cost of each of the available insurance plans, the second step would entail understanding the scope of coverage of each healthcare insurance plan. This would enable me to understand the health risks that ...

There are various forms of business organizations which define how business units are structured. It is usually the primary responsibility of the owner or owners of the business venture to determine the form in which it operates. While making this decision, the entrepreneur needs to have several variables in mind with respect to the various forms of business organization as anchored in the law. There are four main types or forms of business organizations recognized by law namely sole proprietorships, partnerships, corporations and cooperatives. One of the variables considered is the issue of capital to venture into the business. ...

- Competitiveness for emerging airlines, mergers and globalization

Faced with possible increase in new entry into the industry, the existing airline businesses should seek to be more innovative in means of lowering their costs in order to enjoy economies of scale and increase entry barriers to the industry hence protecting their competitiveness. (Fred, 2011) With possible mergers, the existing airlines should seek to establish key partnerships with key suppliers and service providers in order to draw suitable synergies necessary for enhancing competitiveness. (Barron & Lynch, 1989)

As globalization present several challenges and opportunities, there is a need to devise strategies like partnering with service providers in different ...

The French revolutionary is a historical landmark that really shook France over the period between 1777-1799, reaching its peak in 1789. It signified the end of the ancient regime in France. The revolution was fuelled by several reasons: the peasants who were aware of their situation and were unwilling to bear the burden and anarchy that were embodied in the feudal system, extensive awareness about the political and social reforms in the country, the bourgeoisie resented the exclusion from power and leadership, the French participation in the American revolution, and the crop failure in the country in 1788 bred restlessness ...

Description:

This is as a response to the monarchy and despotic form of government that was in place in France. Till the revolution France has had a history of Monarchic rulers ruling over the masses and in recent centuries their form of ruling had gone from disappointing to dismal. With the monarchs busy in the merry making and paying little attention to the problems of masses, thereby it rose a feeling of resentment in the masses who wanted an abolishment to the monarchy and instead desired and raised slogan for a form of government that would be representative of them and would allow true ...

Social Responsibility: The case of Bank of America’s Expansion

Introduction

With the emergence of the global world, businesses the world over have been compelled to offer competitive services. In the same strain, the protectionist systems adopted by countries have since been replaced by open market concepts that necessarily encourage capital flight and cross border investments. In addition, it has become easier for businesses to engage in capital borrowing at the international level. It is on this premise that this paper seeks to recommend for the Bank of America’s expansion into the international financial arena and more specifically to the BRICS nations which have been confirmed as having colossal ...

Joseph Wong in chapter 3 of this book examines the gradual change of three Asian states namely Taiwan, Japan and Korea from developmental states to states that care for the welfare of its citizens. He examines the post war period, the decade of 1980’s and the period of 1990’s with a view of demonstrating the change that occurred. He makes the case that the three states engineered social welfare policies after the 1990’s contrary to expectations. This review seeks to explore the change and a reflection of these changes as enumerated by Wong. Further, the review shall explore ...

How the history of Vietnam and China were intertwined from 111 B.C. to 1500

The people who inhabited Vietnam were believed to have originated from Indonesia and settled in Vietnam’s Tonkin Delta. Archaeologists have traced the prehistoric migration by using stone tools that were used in Vietnam 10,000 years ago. Numerous developments took place throughout Vietnam and China from 111 B.C. to 1500. People who moved to Vietnam brought their technology, culture and language from China. Vietnam was colonized by the Han Dynasty in 111 B.C. Historians from china believed that the Vietnamese people were uncivilized and Barbarian (Womack, 2006).

The Chinese colonist established business centers on the coast of Vietnam ...

OIL AND GAS SUPPLY CHAIN

Supply-chain links involved in the oil and gas enterprise include; exploration, production, refining, marketing and consumption. Various operations are involved in each of these stages. To begin with, the exploration stage involves geological seismic and geophysical procedures. Production involves engineering facilities, reservoir and drilling operations. On the other hand refining involves complex processing procedures resulting products for the market. The consumption stage refers to when the oil and gas products have reached the end user. All the above stages are carried out as separate segments in a company or as specialized companies dealing with a single stage of the supply chain. ...

Tax ramifications refer to the tax consequences of an action. It is the impact of tax on undertaking certain transactions or in a business situation. Business nexus refers to the amount and degree of operations a business carries out before the state imposes a tax on the amount of income it receives. Once the criterion has been established, the owner of the business is responsible for collecting and remitting the amount of tax to the relevant tax authority in the relevant country. Therefore, business nexus tax ramification is the tax consequences of the actions or activities undertaken by business and the extent ...

Question 1

The external environment greatly affects the operation of the Wall Mart. One of the external environments that have a significant impact on the business is the economic conditions. This is because the economy attributes to the expansion of the business. If the interest rates are high, it becomes extremely impossible for the business people to borrow from the banks resulting to expensive capital to borrow.

Favorable taxation rates determine whether expansion of the business. This is because if the taxation rates are favorable, it encourages hiring and the growth of the business which will later result to the expansion of ...

The U.S tax system can be classified as progressive where tax rates increase with increases with taxable base or the gross income (Amico 2003, pp 14). The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) under the Federal Government defines gross income as any income from whatever source except for the items excluded by the state. Sources of income in this case include compensations such as service, income from insurance (except death benefits), interests, pensions, and annuities, gross profits from businesses, income from corporations, partnerships, trusts and estates, amongst others (Lymer 2004, pp 144). The state excludes death benefits accruing from life insurances, ...

STARBUCKS REPUTATION

In the pursuit of their objectives organizations become so uncompromising that they only realize the importance of goodwill once it is lost. The same is the case with Starbucks. First, it took advantage of the loopholes in the accounting standards and taxation laws to minimize corporate tax liability and when caught doing so they actually admitted it by announcing that they would pay more corporation tax in 2013-2014, regardless of whether the company is profitable or not. (Armistead, 2012)

The company has not been successful in managing its reputation after the tax avoidance scandal. In fact, it is among ...

- When a country such as the United States is experiencing serve and prolonged recessionary trend discount rate, term auction, and open market facility can provide useful means of ensuring that the economy returns in the right course. Discount rate is the interest rate that the central bank charges commercial banks and other depository institutions when they receive money from the Federal Reserve Bank's lending facility. During periods of prolonged recessionary trend, the Federal Reserve System should reduce the discount rate in order to encourage commercial banks and other financial institutions to lower the interest rate they charge to ...

Part A: Please pick the criteria listed below, define it, and indicate how it applies to this proposal. Added comments, experiences, and a lot of interaction are highly encouraged.

- Horizontal Equity

Income tax systems have changed and developed so much in the past 200 years that there are already a lot of ways how an individual or a group of individuals could be taxed or levied by the government. Before defining what horizontal equity is, it would be beneficial to know what a basic equity is. Equity or what is not so popularly known as economic quality, is actually a large umbrella of terms that refers ...

Introduction:

The use of marijuana in medical treatment has long been a hotly debated treatment method. Typically used to treat chronic pain, marijuana’s analgesic properties have been proven an effective form of pain management. However, stigmas surrounding recreational drug use have clouded the public’s view of marijuana leading to controversial policy changes and the banning of marijuana use, medical or otherwise in some states.

Thesis:

By looking at both the benefits of marijuana and its negative connotations, I endeavor to show that marijuana can have substantial benefits in medical treatment. Stereotypes and stigmas should be removed from this discussion instead ...

User fees are very important fees to the local government. They form the largest portion of the total percentage revenues collected by local authorities. There are different kinds of user fees depending on the purpose they are collected. There are four main user fees which are the highest of other user fees. In the Alabama state, these fees are; government entities and tax exempt user fees, chief counsel user fees, advance art determination fees and the installment agreement fees.

The government entity and tax exempt user fees are levied on organizations that exempt and Employee Plans. The fees are ...

In 1760, King George III took reign of England, making quite a few controversial decisions along the way. By acting more aggressively towards France, George III started to alienate the rest of Europe, and tensions started to mount between George and the Whigs, as well as other European countries. By contrast, the sociopolitical climate of the colonies at the time was incredibly harrowing - increased taxation and more and more controversial legislation on the part of England was breeding resentment among the colonists. The Sugar, Currency, Stamp and Quartering Acts of the mid-1760s, among others, were thought to be unfair ...

According to the Keynesian theory of recession, economic depression occurs as a result of hoarding of money by key players, like entrepreneurs and consumers in the economy as a result of fear of projected economic hardships. Keynesian emphasized that, there can be no depression as long as there is constant spending even if it a period of depression. Constant spending ensures a constant flow of income which encourages people to spend. Keynesian encouraged the United States government that whenever people tended to hoard money, it was a principle role of the government to initiate spending especially by imposing heavy bills on consumers (Alan 115). ...

Brief history

Zurich Financial Services Company was started in 1872. As the name suggests, the company‘s intention was to offer extremely reliable financial services to the citizens of Switzerland. The company had been created to offer marine reinsurance services. It was originally known as the “Versicherungs-Verein” which meant the Insurance Association. After several acquisitions, in 2ooo the company changed its name to Zurich Financial Services in order to incorporate the many companies that it had acquired according to their functions. Zurich Financial Services Company is the biggest insurer in Switzerland. The company has also become extremely competitive in the global ...

Introduction:

Despite the devastating effects of the 2008 global financial crisis and the subsequent Euro zone crisis, the tourism industry has continued to flourish. Initially, the industry was referred to as a cottage industry but the international travel and tourism industry has evolved becoming a major contributor to economic growth and development in almost every economy in the world. Research has shown that the global increase in worldwide tourist arrivals outperform gross domestic product growth in one out of every two years in the past three decades. Many countries regard tourism as the most significant primary export industry especially the developing world. ...

The impact of aging in United States

Currently, there are more than forty million elderly persons above sixty years in the United States. Statistically, studies show that the population elderly people will double in the next three decades. Such significant increase in the aged population is attributed to the better healthcare, good nutrition and overall improvement of human health. As a result, life expectancy in the United States stands at sixty five years and above. The current elderly generations were born during the baby boomers era after Second World War. There is two percent increase in the population of elderly people over the last decade. The worrying ...

Introduction

Trade unions are organizations that represent the working people. The membership of these organizations comprise of employees from different sectors of trade, professions and occupations. The union’s main objective is to represent its members in the working environment and in the general society. The working of the trade union is through collective bargaining as well as through a harmonized rule-making process. The South Africa trade union is the largest in Africa and plays a big role in the labor market and industrial relations in determining policies in the country. There are three prominent trade unions in South Africa whose connections ...

Executive Summary

This paper seeks to explain how Zara Company carries out its operations across all its stores in the globe. The paper also focuses on the possible threats that the company might encounter from potential competitors. It also analyses both the internal and external environment of the company.

Introduction

Zara Company is a worldwide business entity that deals with retailing of clothing materials across the globe. The company has its own headquarters at Italy. The company’s stores are distributed at nearly every single country across all the continents in the world. This allows for easy access to products by the customers. ...

Abstract

The paper focuses on the development of taxation based on contributions of Ricardo, Smith and Petty. They both developed the taxation idea from Locke’s theory of a single tax on rent. Their major contribution was on the incident tax, which demonstrates value system, power relations and group interests on taxation. Finally, the paper analyzes how taxation influences economic decision in the 21st century.

Introduction

The development of political economy in the 17th century was characterized by an effort to flee from Locke’s theorem that all taxes would eventually fall on the rent of land as well as his proposal ...

Section 1

As McGregor explains, the Chinese Communist Party (The Party) had gone to the extent where the citizens are not allowed to control their own lives. The party has created minimum freedom different from the Friedman argument of the maximum freedom. Therefore, McGregor reveals the essential difference between the maximum freedom and the minimum freedom using examples of the minimum freedom in china. The desire for the Chinese citizens to chase for their own self-interest is constrained by The Party. In order to demonstrate how the maximum freedom society differs from the minimum freedom society, McGregor provides example of the ...