Essays on Local Government

Choosing between public school and private school education is a nightmare for many students and their parents. It is not easy to make a choice since there are many matters to consider in this situation such as tuition fee, affordability, ease of access and quality of education. For the fortunate ones, money does not stand as an issue because, with better financial resources, it is easier for many students to get enrolled in a top academic quality school. But there are others who wish for an education with the easiest of means and this is where the debate between ...

Part one

How has the composition of federal and state and local government spending changed over the past 40 years? What social and economic factors might have contributed to this change in how governments spend their funds? The government has been changing its spending in the last forty years. In 1970’s almost half of federal spending was on defense and around 15% on healthcare and social security. Fast forward, in 2000’s health spending and social security exceeded spending on defense. In 2001 expenditure on defense fell below 20% the total federal budget. Besides, health spending by state and local ...

Self-Regulation or State Regulation?

Abstract – This paper is about the analysis of the effectiveness of self-regulation and state regulation of the engineering profession in Canada and in the United States. Canada uses self-regulation while the United States uses state regulation. In analyzing the nature, advantages and disadvantages of both of the models of professional regulation, one could recognize that they are equally effective in regulating the engineering profession.

Keywords – engineering, professionals, self-regulation, state regulation, and licensure.

Introduction Professionals are considered as a vital part of the society. Professions such as engineering could be helpful in the society through helping in the building establishments, operating industrial processes and developing new technologies which ...

In order to ensure peace and prosperity of a country, most governments have employed the use of stringent rules and regulations to govern people. However, some people stray away from the common perception of government and embrace anarchy. Anarchy is basically opposite of what the government stands for, anarchism is a political ideology (Carter, 1971) that holds the state undesirable and harmful while advocating for stateless institutions. The view of anarchists stray away from the commons masses and more often they tend to go extreme and cause social disturbance and unrest (Gage, 2009)as was the case of the ...

The United Nations Mission of Observer in Tajikistan was initiated in December 1994 and expired in May 2000. The main aim of United Nations was to focus on the peacekeeping mission to maintain peace after Tajikistan’s Civil War. The observers were deployed in Tajikistan to promote peace and demobilization. International and national observers promoted peace by monitoring peace activities and initiating negotiations between opposing parties. The headquarters of the mission were located in Dushanbe, Tajikistan with an aim to monitor peace between the ruling government and the United Tajikistan opposition. The paper highlights three major drawbacks of United ...

Introduction

The government, among other duties, protects citizens in the nation and promotes their well-being. In many occasions, the government works together with the private sector groups with the aim of managing emergencies. The private sector plays a major role before and after the incident (Sylves & Clark, 2015). Before the incident, the sector provides protection to the welfare of the employees in the workplace. The private sector is also involved in the decision-making process on how to thwart emergency. The non-governmental organizations play a major role before, during and after the incident. For instance, many NGO’s provide shelter, food ...

Introduction

A code of conduct is a document that sets out a collection of rules, social norms, and responsibilities that an individual or any party should follow as a part of an existing organization. In some cases, they may also refer to and cover areas such as the principles, values, and standards that an individual should use as a guide when making actions and decisions when working within an organization. Following an organization’s code of conduct often has two main goals. The first one is to keep the stakeholders satisfied by ensuring that all actions and decisions that are ...

Abstract

Several experts have been concern about the effectiveness of recycling in mitigating the effects of pollution and global warming. Some even argued that the recycling process is economically and environmentally ineffective due to the large costs and large amounts of energy required for the process. However, the practice of recycling should be continued and improved since it has numerous potential benefits against its alternatives. First, recycling is not a waste of money since the alternatives to this strategy such as incineration and landfilling has larger costs due to environmental damages. Second, issues and problems associated with recycling could be ...

The concept of ethics is a difficult one to master, because it can often include situations in the real world which are not easy. For instance, you might have to report a friend who is cheating to someone in charge, and he would get in trouble. Johnson describes four components for ethical decision making which can be followed to make ethical actions easier to understand. These four components are sensitivity, judgment, motivation, and character. An example of how they can be used is in the case of local government corruption in my native country, which can sometimes be a ...

Emergency management in health: key issues and challenges in the UK

The article selected is “Emergency management in health: key issues and challenges in the UK” by Lee et al. (2012). The study presents emergency management as only the practices and actions that relate to responding to the emergency situations. However, Lee et al relates emergency management to emergency planning and establishes that it includes a range of processes from training and preparedness, the business continuity management and planning, and emergency recovery. The article establishes that numerous questions are still unanswered like the ideal outline of emergency management systems or the techniques to catastrophe circumstances, which include top-down or bottom-up, ...

Introduction

Urban sprawl has turned out to be a controversial issue in recent times due to the rate at which green spaces are disappearing in most of the cities, especially in the United States. Nnaemeka-Okeke (2016) describes urban sprawl as the expansion of a community devoid of concern for the environmental impact. In other words, urban sprawl is the uncontrolled expansion of the metropolitan areas. This phenomenon primarily results in the extinction of green spaces and a variety of environmental consequences. Banai and DePriest (2014) maintain that urban sprawl is considered a cause of the climate change, with environmental effects ...

How does context influence employment relations issues for HR practitioners in local government?

Human resource management is managing people as they work in organizations. The Human Resource Department plays a very significant role in an organization. This is so because it caters to the most important resource – people. The department is responsible for the selection and retention of employees who will help achieve the goals of an organization. This selection is crucial as this would predict the kind of workforce an organization would have. Once potentials are seen as congruent to what the organization needs, employees are considered potential assets and are retained in the organization. The role of the Human Resource ...

Federal funding for the restoration and protection of coastal wetlands

The federal government has an exclusive jurisdiction over protection and restoration of coastal wetlands that are deemed by DEC as of local importance. The federal government is statutorily authorized to adopt and implement a coastal wetlands protection law wholly or partially within the federal government’s jurisdiction. The law prescribes specific funding and procedures be followed in determining the extent of the coastal wetlands hazard while seeking to assert its jurisdiction over its coastal wetlands. The systems of the coastal wetlands protection necessitate forwarding of the federal government’s regulation to DEC for the establishment of the competence of ...

Introduction

Although all federal systems of government shares a three-level government system, consisting of the federal, state/provincial, and local governments, the functions of these governmental levels, particularly that of the local government, can vary widely as adopted in various federations around the world (Steytler, 2005), such as the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, Germany, and South Africa, and as these government are transforming from the nation state into the market state (Treverton, 2005). Nevertheless, the constitutional allocation of powers to the three government levels plays a crucial role in the similarities and differences of their respective functions (Steytler, ...

Introduction

Over the recent past, it is worth appreciating that different stakeholders are concerned with the introduction of a more tactical approach to management of people, which is an issue in most governments. For instance, in most places, local governments are experiencing a shift from the traditional HRM (human resource practices) to more advanced strategies that are relevant in the current competitive setting (Gould-Williams, 2003). The change in management strategy is expected to promote improved management practices and productivity in various organizations. Some of the significant changes that will be experienced include devolution of authority and development of HR business ...

Australia and the USA have different health care systems whose aim is to promote good health of the citizens in the respective countries. Each of the countries has elaborate public and private health care systems managed by the governments, private health insurance companies, individuals, and other organizations. This essay aims at comparing the health care systems in the two countries with an objective to achieve an informed stance on the issue. The Australian health structure is composed of both the private and public players. The system has an explicit financing control to enhance regulation of the essential service. Further, ...

(Author’s Full Name)

A Personal Opinion In the United States, local government plays a vital role in the development of counties, municipalities, and districts. These governments work below the state level and usually serve as the “middleman” between the state government and the local residents. Besides the all- purpose local governments, there may be unique purpose local governments which serve a number of purposes; such as maintaining the sewerage system across a municipality or township, overseeing public transportation, establishing districts for fire protection and engaging in other public works. In Texas District 9, the local government manages district ...

Introduction

Cigarette collection systems comprise of the major ways that several companies including Tobacco manufacturing industries that help as one of the strategies in managing effect of cigarette butts in littering bins that is currently a big challenge in urban areas. According to Riutta, (2012), it is imperative to address this topic of issues concerning cigarette butts in our daily city lives because of the high negative impact they have on our environment, and thus health being one of the leading causes of preventable deaths. According to health analysts, cigarette butts are made from a fibrous material that is essential ...

CHANGE IN THE COMMUNITY

Nowadays democratic society has developed various institutions and programs in order to provide equal conditions for personal and societal growth of everyone. In particular, people, who are less well-off, have chances to get needed help from state. Apart from common material goods, so-called welfare recipients are able to get particular medical aid, job offers, whereas children are given education opportunities (grants, loans etc.). No wonder, similar campaigns are rather costly, hence, a considerable part of taxpayers’ money is used for such goals. There occurs a reasonable question: is it fair if money of those, who work fair come into ...

Current Trends in the Resort Industry

Tourism and recreational industry continue to strengthen its position as one of the major international drivers of economic and social affairs. World Travel and Tourism Council outlines the shift in the strategic direction of development of the industry, where organizations, directly and indirectly, involved in tourism activities should become more aware and concerned with the impact of tourism and related sectors on wellbeing and wealth of the of the global population (WTTC 3-4). With the above in mind, some of the major and newest trends in tourism and the resort industry specifically include ecotourism. The International Ecotourism Society is ...

(DWB)

Application of Drone Technology to Facilitate Effective HIV Diagnostic and Treatment Services to Children in Rural Malawi

INGO UNICEF 1Broadway, New NY 10022 USA Dear Sir, Drones without Borders (DWB) is an organization which has been created to serve HIV vulnerable children in rural Malawi through a partnership with ZipLine Drones. Our organization seeks to develop and implement an four-months program aimed at ensuring fast and continuous delivery of HIV test kits, results, and antiretroviral drugs to provide immediate medical attention to HIV positive children in rural, cut off, hard to access, often combat zone areas in Malawi. The mortality rate of the infected children has been on the rise due to lack of access ...

Business Organization

Business Organization The businesses are organized in diverse ways whereby, the form chosen influences the owners’ liability and the company treatment of the tax. The most common types of the business in the global are the proprietorship, partnerships, corporations, and limited liability companies. These forms of the business have different structures, the number of members and amount of capital. According to U. S Small Business Administration (n.d), the partnership is the best form of the firm. It is the form of the business where two partners agree to participate in business. Each party is expected to contribute money, skills, ...

Introduction

The interest groups are extremely powerful in the Western countries as the source of the representation of the population in the political life of the country. In the contemporary society the shifts in the political arena of the communities are made as the result of the actions of the interested groups. These groups represent the formation of the citizens having the leverages for the exercising influence over the population. They have the power and opportunity to control the spread of the political ideas and behavior among the population. Meanwhile, the political life of the Western democratic countries is not ...

Application of Drone Technology to Facilitate an Effective HIV Diagnostic and Treatment Services to Children in Rural Malawi

Director, Grant Organization Technology to Save Children from HIV is an organization that has been created to serve HIV vulnerable children in rural Malawi through a partnership with ZipLine Drones and UNICEF. Our organization seeks to develop a program aimed at ensuring fast and continuous delivery of HIV test kits, results, and antiretroviral drugs to provide immediate medical attention to HIV positive children. We propose the application of drone technology to facilitate easy and convenient transport of HIV testing supplies, test samples, and medication that has been hampered by the poor state of transport infrastructure in rural Malawi. We ...

Article Reviews

The newly developed SASB allowed companies to take into consideration external events (Eccles, 2016) that cannot be controlled such as the effects of climate change. The reason for the accounting standard addition is that governments cannot ignore the effects on industrial markets and their investors (Eccles, 2016). The value of accounting standards is that it allows individuals, companies, and governments to generate wealth since it allows financial performance comparisons (Eccles, 2016). The problem is that there was no previous standard developed for nonfinancial performances (Eccles, 2016) especially on environmental and social activities.

Areas of Agreement

The advantage of the article is that ...

Social issues cut across a large spectrum of our daily lives, cutting across from human to local area development. In the exploration of considering topics to research on, the researcher looked at the topics which are most relevant to this generations and future generations and settled on these three areas: these are potential topics that were looked into

Child Abuse

Teenage Pregnancy HIV Child abuse The first topic was Child abuse which is a term used to refer to mistreatment and acts of affliction on children. These are acts conducted by caregivers, guardians and parents of the child that often results ...

The paper emphasizes the police as formal law enforcement agency destined to guard the rights of people in the society and involvement of local governments in policing. The minorities and women’s inclusion in the police department has proved improvement in policing over the time. Prime responsibilities of police in local government as well as in the state and the federal government are further explained in the essay. Social control is defined as the concept of people behaving and reacting to the troublesome individual. Few responsibilities such as inform to police if some unusual thing occurs in the neighborhood, ...

Community Health Nursing Project

section 1

Domestic Violence Sydney, Australia

Population, Location, Time of Event, Occurrence; Distribution of problem Problem Domestic violence is prevalent although often concealed problem in several parts of Australia. It takes place in all parts of society irrespective of social-economic status, religious affiliations, and geographic location and often leads to demoralizing impacts. Such effects associated with domestic violence are either short term or long term in nature. The vice contributes to psychosomatic, economic and social challenges to the victims involved. In the long term, intimate partner violence can negatively affect the whole family unit, children’s lives, and the community as a whole. ...

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Overview 1-Private sector: local business (Gym) 2-Public sector: provided by the government (Park) 3-Voluntary sector: Funded by public community (RSL) Introduction This case study report will illustrate three activates that I have tried since the start of the unit course of introduction to leisure and recreation theory. The first activity I took part of is going to the gym near my local area. Gym facility is considered as a private sector that has been set for the community in some certain local areas. Secondly, I do some soccer training at a local park close to my home. The local ...

Social issues cut across a large spectrum of our daily lives, cutting across from human to local area development. In my exploration of considering topics to research on, looked at the topics which are most relevant to this generations and future generations. Settled on these three areas: this is potential topics looking into

Child Abuse

Teenage Pregnancy HIV Child abuse The first topic was Child abuse is a term used to refer to mistreatment and acts of affliction on children. These are acts conducted by caregivers, guardians and parents of the child that often results to real problems and harm to ...

11.1 The perspectives of individuals about food safety activities and operations may be different. This differential gap may be widened by whether an individual works within a local government organization that deals directly with food safety activities or not. According to Figure 11.1 local government organizations innately include food safety activities and operations as an example, they often involve a systematic procedure of registration, compliance assessment (e.g. business inspections and sampling), education, and prosecution. For non-compliant parties, for example, they are often prosecuted for violating the food safety codes. This applies to both local governments in Australia, New Zealand, ...

Question one

The local governments in Texas such as the county governments are the extensions of the state that acts as the administrative arm of the state (Collier, Galatas and Harrelson). At the local level, there are the municipalities, special districts, school districts, water conservation districts, and the myriad of commissions that permit citizens to participate in different elected and appointed capacities. However, the counties are limited to their authorities by the constitution. All counties in the United States have different geographical sizes, inhabitants, and value of their properties. On the other hand, there is a controversy in the sense that ...

Introduction

Practically, a tax is the most important instrument of fiscal policy and arguably, the most important aspect of public policy. For starters, tax influences the amount of money a government has to spend, as well as the amount the government needs to borrow in case of a difference between tax receipts and planned government expenditure (Pragyandeepa, 2015). The scarcity of resources, including the limits on the amount of taxes collected, influences the choices of spending by a government in the provision of services and public goods. In that vein, governments are always under pressure to have a sound prioritization ...

Immigrants in California are an evolving part of the workforce whereby both employed and people seeking for employment opportunities comprise of many migrants. They constitute a larger portion of the general labor force vis-à-vis to the native-born labor providers in the region. Due to the rapidly aging population in the United States, the economy depends heavily on migrants’ work. This paper discusses the widespread utilization of immigrants’ labor in California and how their services can efficiently be supported to reduce the economic problems associated with the issue of immigration in the region. In addition, the article examines both ...

Question 1 California’s Political Culture

Historically, California’s state constitution was based on the amended constitution that was first adopted before California gained statehood sometime in 1850. The initiative and the referendum were used by the state to alter its constitution, and throughout its existence the state constitution of California has been altered for about 500 times. And this can be attributed to the referendums that gained a high rate of approval from the voters. For one, the state’s administration is representative of a democratic government, which allowed the voters to participate in the approval of constitutional and statute initiatives, thus ranking California ...

The government of Texas helps its residents through the following ways; by building and maintaining roads, through the creation of recreational facilities, by building airports within the county, the construction and operation of jails, in commission of the judicial system, storing and maintaining municipal records, through collection of taxes, through registering voters, through issuing of voter registration and transfers, they conduct and ensure peaceful elections, they offer health as well as communal services to the less privileged population of the district, also the local government has a fundamental role in economic development of their area.

How the Houston Community College serves its residents

It acts as the ...

I. Summary The New Urbanization system is an important tactical decision in developing socialism in Chinese characteristics. This has an insightful implication for the extensive plans towards the development of a prosperous society, as it helps support the acceleration of socialist modernization, as well as other causes. Accordingly, the growth among new urbanization systems demands the provision for any relevant and required mechanism in the system. Based on the released documents from the State Council, the promotion of new development schemes in urbanization system is a vital element if only to achieve new urbanization in 2015. According to the ...

Community Sustainability Proposal

According to the American Lung Association’s ‘Sate of the Air’ report 2012, Philadelphia is the 10th most polluted city in US in terms of air quality (Ricci, 2012). There are several green initiatives taken by the local government to make the city more sustainable. However, there is much scope for the government as well as local residents to improvise, and make the city greener.

Summary of Proposed Green initiatives

Philadelphia’s sustainability plan includes reducing GHG emissions by 20% from 1990 levels, reducing 30% of energy consumption by Government, and 10% of energy consumed by buildings in the city, insulating 15% of existing ...

Introduction

The disaster events that have occurred in the recent past have illustrated the challenges that face metropolitan areas and states in preparing and later responding to natural disasters (Deyle & Wiedenman, 2014). Considering the suddenness of the different natural disasters, terrorist incidents, as well as their unexpected nature, it is not surprising that there is evidence of the lack of coordination and confusion in the management of transportation system in the aftermath. Although the immediate response to disasters and security incidents is the responsibility of public security agencies, the metropolitan planning organizations play very important role in promoting and coordinating ...

Introduction

The city of Cambridge, known for its culture, heritage and the numerous institutions of excellence attracts a large number of tourists from across the world. This globally renowned centre of higher education has been the home of great thinkers and scientists for the past 500-600 years and has made immense contribution in shaping up the world that we see as it is today. This is the place where atom was first split, neutrons and electrons were discovered, the renowned theory of evolution was coined by Charles Darwin and Sir Isaac Newton discovered gravity . The University of Cambridge, which has ...

The campaign dubbed “healthier you” (HY) seeks to bring together various stakeholders from the Northeastern University to fight unhealthy eating and especially obesity. The realization that the university’s dining halls do not offer the students healthy food choices informs the campaign. The dining halls are filled with junk foods which are likely to make the students obese. The root of the problem of unhealthy eating in the university can be traced back to the policies that the university applies when renting out university space. Over the years, the policies look into whether an individual or an organization renting ...

Recently, a new viral infection known as Zika has been throwing the world into a state of panic. Though the Zika disease presents as mild symptoms such as rash, red eyes, fever, and joint pain, it is especially feared because it causes microcephaly and other developmental defects in infants. The Zika virus spreads through contact with the Aedes aegypti mosquito, and pregnant women are considered vulnerable because of the risk to their unborn children. Therefore, the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) has put out an advisory against travel to the areas where the virus is currently spreading, including large ...

Introduction

Climate change is fast becoming one of the most important issues facing humanity in the near future. Many countries have begun to establish frameworks that will allow them to avoid dangerous climate change within their borders; one of these pieces of legislation is known as the Climate Change Act of 2008. This piece of legislation, passed into law in the United Kingdom in 2008, establishes a number of foundational legal minimums that the United Kingdom needs to meet before the year 2050. Essentially, this is a legal structure that forces individuals and companies in the United Kingdom to work ...

Introduction

Founded more than 70 years ago, the Westside Community Schools is an award-winning district (District 66) situated in Omaha, Nebraska. The schools serve a broad range of school-going children from pre-school to 12th grade. In the academic year 2013-2014, the district recorded an enrollment of 6, 173 pupils (Westside Community Schools, 2016). Westside comprises ten neighborhood elementary schools (pre-school and kindergarten), a secondary Career Center for grades 10-12, a middle school for grade 7-8, and a high school for grades 9-12 (Westside Community Schools, 2016). Westside also operates Before- and After-School Age programs such as full-day care services, preschool ...

If a manufacturing organization has foreign suppliers, then this impacts the transport operations of the company in several ways. Responsibility for the transport of raw materials to the manufacturing center can either be on the shoulders of the supplier or on the organization itself. Both the supplier and the transport operations group of the firm have to become adept at supply chain management. This will also entail being knowledgeable about agency regulation at both ends, along with what best mode of transportation is to be used for which particular shipment. This therefore means that both parties will have to ...

Q1. Identify two strategies based on the fiscal and monetary policy that would encourage people to spend money in order to create economic growth. Fiscal and monetary policies are demand side policies that can be strategically employed for realizing economic growth by motivating consumers to spend money. It can be made possible by brining an increase in aggregate demand (AD) if the economy is passing through recession or growth is below the expected level (Pettinger, 2012). Monetary policy can be the most randomly used tool for impacting economic activity. To encourage AD, the Central Bank of a country can ...

Introduction

This report demonstrates how Uno Homes (UH) will respond to their operating environment through the use of PESTLE analysis, which can be used as a basis for future planning and strategic management. Such analysis of the surrounding environment is designed to point out the specific opportunities and threats that will impact the future strategy of UH.

Organisational Profile

Uno Homes are homebuilding specialists, one of several house builders operating in the city of London. Uno is the commercial brand of Uno Homes Group, one of the leading providers of homes in East London that was formed to meet the growing demand ...

Humankind is susceptible to many situations which are sudden and take people unawares, wrought by both nature and mankind. These situations are known as emergencies and wreak huge losses to life and property. Although modern technologies have devised sound meteorological systems that may warn us of impending natural calamities such as earthquakes, volcanoes, cyclones, Tsunamis etc., the losses suffered cannot be fully recovered because Government machinery is never sufficient to deal with the magnitude of the disaster. Modernization of facilities to make living style easier has in its wake exposed human kind to many dangers. Exposure to these dangers ...

The Federal Reserve is an independent federal agency that was created on December 23rd, 1913; the purpose of this agency was to carry out the functions of a central bank to implement centralized control over banking system of the United States (“The Federal Reserve: What Is The Fed? | Investopedia”). The Federal Reserve consists of 12 Federal Reserve Banks located in major cities, nearly 3 000 commercial member banks appointed by the President of the Board of Governors, Federal Committee on Open Market and advisory councils (“The Structure and Functions of the Federal Reserve System”). The basis for its creation ...

Introduction

Change in the climate is happening rapidly as well as severely. As a result, there is the destruction of the world. The effects of change in the climate are more shocking since disasters caused by this change grows continuously at a higher frequency and intensity. There is much impact on the earth’s surface, thus threatening nature as well as the human system with a severe damage that cannot be reversed. For instance, as the increase in global warming persists, the result will be the rise in depletion of the natural resources, polar ice caps melting, the rise of ...

Public budget and finance

The public budget and finance have six processes that are interrelated; those are budgeting, taxation, tax policy, capital, and debt, money management and financial system (FIU). The study will be applied to two study cases: the Alligator Alley lease and the Hollywood City cash flow. Both cases are at a local level in the state of Florida in the United States of America. First of all, the definition of each process: Budgeting: The budgeting is the process consists on a yearly basis plan where the institution estimates the incomes and outcomes of money according to previous budgets, higher institutions, ...