Essays on Dollar

Introduction

The US Dollar is the authorized currency of the United States and other foreign countries. In different countries, it is used as the official currency. Therefore, it value is very crucial both to the United States as well as to other nations in the globe. Being the most favorable form of currency in the world, the US Dollar is used as a mark for the value of other currencies. One of the most competitive upcoming currencies is the China Yuan. This is the official currency for the China Republic. Following the rapid economic growth of China, this currency is Continue reading...

The Bretton Woods conference held in 1944 in New Hampshire in the United States of America at the Mount Washington Hotel, situated in Bretton Woods. The conference also known as the United Nations Monetary and Financial Conference had 730 delegates each representing the allied nation. It aim was to put in regulatory measures to control the international monetary system. The conference aimed at putting the world currencies and monetary systems to order after the World War II. Many policies were passed at the conference, but they became effective in 1958 because the European currencies were not convertible at the Continue reading...

Question One: How the US should deal with China

In the course we had discussed a number of readings that suggest that the US should deal with the rise of China by employing balance-of-power tactics. Other readings argue that the US can manage its relations with China more optimally by making China an equal co-partner in international institutions. I agree with the first perspective which states that the US should deal with the rise of China by employing balance-of-power tactics. The optimal option which aims at making these two countries equal co-partners in international institutions would not work and if attempted would be likely to fail shortly after Continue reading...

Impact of Macroeconomic Variables on My Business

Abstract
I examined in this report the impact that the changes on the different macroeconomic variables e.g., price level, interest rate, and exchange rate have on the economy. Also, an analysis of how fiscal and monetary policies of the Australian government are presented as these policies and variables influence the success or failure of my business, the CadsBerri. Then my analysis dwell on the net value model by Brandenburger and Nalebuff to show that rational strategy could help my business survive despite the uncertainties posed by the macroeconomic environment.

Introduction

My business is on manufacturing and exporting of good and Continue reading...

Question 1

How should appreciation of a company's home currency affect its cash inflows? How should depreciation of a company's home currency affect its cash inflows?

Exchange gains or losses for a company with subsidiaries resulting from translation of currency are non-cash flow items since they only involve changing one currency to another without movement of cash. Therefore, exchange losses and gains of companies with subsidiaries do not affect the cash inflow since they are non-cash items. However, an appreciation or depreciation of a home currency affects company cash inflows from foreign operations are conducted by branches abroad which Continue reading...

ASSIGNMENT 2: APPLICATION PROJECT

(Course Name and Number)
(Date Submitted)

Description of a Past Experience on Committing a Deviant Act

Background: My Past Experience on Deviance
Perhaps one of the most memorable experiences that involve the commission of a deviant act is my intentional use of a jar filled with eighty quarter-dollar coins to pay for items that cost close to, but not more than $20 in mall stores. During that time, I was very aware that there really is nothing wrong with paying for items using quarter-dollar coins inside a jar, given that there is no state or federal law that regulates the use and amount of certain currency denominations allowed for Continue reading...

The economic situation in the United States and the world in general is expected to continue its recovery from the recession over the next one year (Forbes.com). Improvements are expected in key economic indicators such as gross domestic product, inflation levels, employment levels and interest rates. It is expected that in the next one year, the high rates of unemployment currently being experienced in the United States will be on the decline which the rate of inflation is also expected to reduce. However, due to the political turmoil in the Middle East, it is expected that the price Continue reading...

The following paper discusses at length what Foreign exchange market is and how beneficial it is for world economics. The paper also discuses three major world currencies and how their fluctuation is affecting world economy. The current global economic condition requires one to understand the mechanisms of economy and how it affects the daily lives.

International Financial Markets

An institutional and physical structure is provided by the foreign exchange market. Through this procedure, currencies of different countries are exchanged. The final rate of exchange between currencies is calculated, and then the foreign exchange conversions are known to be physically completed.
In simple Continue reading...

ITERNATIONAL MONETARY SYSTEMS

Abstract
The purpose of this paper was to study three main monetary systems: the Gold Standard, the Bretton Woods, and post-Bretton Woods. International monetary system is a set of methods, tools and intergovernmental bodies, with the help of which the mutual payment and settlement turnover function within the global economy.
There existed and succeeded each other three international monetary system. The first one, the Gold standard, was based on gold which was the main form of money. National currencies were pegged to gold, and the gold content of the currencies was correlated with each other at a fixed exchange Continue reading...

The Effect of the USA Economic Collapse on the Saudi Arabia Economy

Chapter 1
The foundation of the Saudi Arabian national economy is the petroleum market. As early as 1986 Saudi Arabia (SA) linked its riyal to the US dollar (USD) (Sultan 2011, p. 237). The US economy as the leading economy in the world can have a deep impact on the Saudi economy which is a leading oil exporter in the world. The United States experienced a global financial crisis which caused a domino effect of economic problems throughout the world.
The crisis spread to the world’s economy; having a special effect on the Saudi Arabian economy. Continue reading...

The United States currency is the Dollar (US$) and its strength is measured in three distinct ways – through exchange rates, through treasury notes and through foreign exchange reserves. The easiest way of measuring the strength or weakness of the dollar is through the exchange rate. . The “exchange rate” is defined as the “value of a country’s currency expressed in the currency of another country” . By using the exchange rate, a country can determine the value of all its economic activities in comparison with other countries. The exchange rate is traded on what is known as a “foreign exchange Continue reading...

The Future of Yuan

China is one of the fastest growing economies in the world. The trade between china and other countries has increased to a great significant with the globalization of the world trade. In this regard, the use of china currency (Yuan) has increased to a great extent. Due to this, china has been struggling to internationalize its currency but this has not been effective so far. This research paper will evaluate the future of the Yuan. It will find out whether the china will succeed in internationalizing its currency like other currencies such as US dollar.
The exports from china Continue reading...

Britvic Company Financial Analysis:

Introduction:
With operations in prominent countries of Europe like the Great Britain, Ireland and France, Britvic is renowned as one of the leading soft drink companies in the whole of Europe (Marketwatch.com, 2014).
The Company has been able and successful in setting up a definite portfolio across the markets where it operates. The brands of the Company that have captured its own market include Robinsons, Tango, J2O, drench, MiWadi, Ballygowan, Teisseire and Fruité. The Company also produces and sells famous drinks of PepsiCo Company such as Pepsi, 7UP and Mountain Dew Energy, in Britain and Ireland, as per theelite Continue reading...

Answer a)

i) Comparing the expected return and standard deviation of various assets in the portfolio, we have analyzed the following characteristics:
a) Australia Shares on account of total risk of almost 22% is capable of providing return of 16%
b) Australian Bonds with risk accounting to 7% provides return of 11.5% to the investor.
c) Cash being the most liquid asset and least risky asset with risk factor of only 4.4%, provides return of 9.25%.
d) As for international shares, despite the high risk factor of 22.62% and relatively low return of 14.88% as compared to asutralians shares, the offshore Continue reading...

The foreign currency is usually held country's central banks and other financial institutions. This currency is used to pay the international debt and trade obligation or to influence the domestic exchange rate. In the international trade of the commodities such as the gold and oil are priced and measured in using the reserved currency. This contributes to the holding of the currency by other countries for the exchange of the products.
The holding of such currency reserves helps in the exchange rates risks reduction. The purchase of the product and good is done in the manner that has standardization Continue reading...

Possible risks of foreign currency exposure for Wal-Mart

Expanding into New Zealand will result in several foreign currency risks for Wal-Mart. The first type of risk that Wal-Mart will be exposed to is the translation exposure. This exposure regards the sensitivity of real domestic currency value of assets and liabilities. These items, which appear in the financial statements of Wal-Mart, will be affected in terms of value due to unanticipated changes in exchange rates. This risk will affect managerial decisions such as performance measurement for bonus plans, hiring and promotion plans (Giddy, 2012). Given that the management of Wal-Mart will be estimating the financial value of these Continue reading...

Let me first and foremost extend my gratitude to you, Katherine’s Coffee Company, for opting to accord me the pleasure of being your financial consultant. You can be assured that your financial needs and queries are in safe hands. It is worth noting that any serious and focused business entity venturing the ever-dynamic international market should invest in proper analytical financial acumen. The international market being overly liberal demands a lot from an entity such as yours in terms of precautionary measures. The trade is summed up by the use of foreign exchange transactions. I am experienced and Continue reading...

Introduction to Exchange Rate Determination

Determination of the exchange rate in economics has been one of the major practices in economics that has attracted diverse views. Various theories have been developed to explain the determination of the exchange rate in various schools of thought. The monetary model has been one of the earliest models used in the of the exchange rate determination. However, it provides a good benchmark of comparing other models of interest determination. In addition, the model plays an imperative role in developing insights of capturing long trends. In the monetary model exchange rate are determined through the forces of demand and Continue reading...

Introduction

Bretton woods System is a management monetary rules which were established for both commercial and financial relations among the world’s industrial states. Ideally, this rules focused on rebuilding the international economic system during the Second World War. 730 delegates from 44 associated nations gathered at the Mount Washington Hotel located in Bretton Woods in the United States. During the Bretton Worlds Conference, which occurred between 1st and 22nd July 1944, an agreement was signed (Bordo & Eichengreen 64).
In order to come up with this rules, the delegates came up with the International Monetary Fund and the International Bank Continue reading...

The Chinese have long been accused of manipulating their currency to further serve their economic gains. The rest of the world, perhaps understandably, reacts badly to currency manipulation, as it is seen as the equivalent of “cheating” in the game of international economics. China is often reviled by the rest of the world because, unlike many other countries that pay lip service to traditional economic and political conventions, China has a tendency to act without thought to conventions. Even American presidential candidate Mitt Romney accused China of “cheating” at international economics and declared that if he became president, he Continue reading...

Oil and its products comprise some of the key commodities and products for any economy from their crucial role in energy supply. In addition, oil has been a commodity whose sourcing, production as well as marketing has being of great concern to many economic stakeholders as energy is one of the key drivers of economic growth and development. In addition, oil has been at the centre of governments’ policies focus as countries seek to secure supply and enhance production as well as tap the benefits that come with the precious commodity. In that respect, this analysis seeks to establish Continue reading...

While there seems to be nothing to unhinge the economic development, whether in a global or regional context, now that military conflicts are history. Countries engage in mutually profitable trade relationships and enter into trade blocs, conduct strategic planning, develop their respective economies; however, a miscalculation on the part of one country can precipitate the entire region into economic crisis that inflicts all types of damage on the productive capacity, exports, and social welfare. The Asian Financial Crisis of 1997 was one of such regional disturbances that did serious economic damage to countries like China, Japan, Indonesia, and Malaysia. Continue reading...

Analysis of Coca-Cola and PepsiCo

- Description of the companies

Coca-Cola is a beverage company that owns or licenses and markets non-alcoholic brands. The company started as a Coke brand in Atlanta back in the year 1886. The brand was started by Dr. John S. Pemberton, who was a pharmacist. Large scale bottling of the product commenced in 1899. Coca-Cola currently operates in more than 200 countries, with its daily sales averaging 1.9 billion beverage servings. The company distributes its products through its controlled and distribution stores. It offers a variety of non-alcoholic drinks including Coca-Cola, Diet Coke, Coco-Cola zero, Sprite, Fanta, water, juices Continue reading...

The Dollar Store is a retail store that is located at Oregon which provides merchandise at prices which the customer can bargain. The source of income for this retail store is from the owners of the store, Brinkman T and Spencer J, (Dollar Store, 2013). This store will be listed under LLC Corporation, enabling the business owner to be protected from being taxed twice and even accrue liabilities personally. In addition to this, the investors will be seen as shareholders, thus making them responsible only for their personal investments. The store has also come up with a powerful marketing Continue reading...

Gold is one of the most popular metallic elements. It has the symbol Au which means “shining dawn” or Latinaurum. The word “gold” however, comes from the old English word that means “yellow” (WiseGeek, 2013). Belonging to the group 11 in the periodic table of elements, Gold is known as a “transition metal” which means it is highly ductile and malleable. It is also very precious.
Gold was known and used as early as 6,000 B.C. for jewellery and other ornamentation. In early times, it was not used for much anything else other than decoration, even though it Continue reading...

A Maple Leaf Food Inc is a Canadian company whose business is deals in bakery, meat and meals. This company serves the Canadian people and the North Americans in wholesale and retail. The company has presence in Canada, across the north Americas and the whole world especially Europe, Asian countries like Japan, china in franchises and through the exports in their products. The company’s operations have segments in three main groupings which are in meat, bakery and the agribusiness.
The meat products group deals in valued added fresh meats, the chilled and the ready to cook and eat Continue reading...

Q.1 Why did the contraction of the US and Japanese economies and the rise in the value of the Yen hurt Sony’s exports from Japan?
In the early years of operation, Sony had the luxury of operating in a currency that was not only weak against the dollar, but also highly controlled by the government. Japanese foreign exchange policies favored companies and industries that the government wanted to succeed, especially in export markets. The strong Yen was due primarily to a strong Japanese economy, large trade surpluses and the largest-foreign exchange reserves in the world. Japan also had Continue reading...

This essay looks at various issues relating to the Brazilian Real, including its relationship with other currencies and financial mechanisms designed to maintain stability for the currency.
First of all, attention is focused on how the Real plan helped to combat hyperinflation from 1987 to 1997. During this 10 year period, Brazil saw a large part (40%) its Gross National Product (GNP) swallowed up by hyperinflation; thereby ensuring that only the basic essentials such as food and clothing were purchased, and cash or savings accounts were discarded due to the rapid decline in the purchasing power of the Real. Continue reading...

Discussion on Exchange rate of Pakistan for the period 1990 to 2010

This paper will elaborate on the exchange rate changes and currency fluctuations of Pakistan, which is the sixth largest country in terms of population and also the 7th nuclear power. The researcher will present an economic analysis on exchange rate disparity of Pakistani Rupee (PKR) with US Dollar during the era of 1990 – 2010. For this purpose, the information and statistics available on FDI, import and export figures, external debt, foreign reserves of US Dollar, inflow of remittances and impact of economic sanctions due to nuclear explosions will be analyzed in detail to study the strengths and weaknesses of Continue reading...

Introduction

The political factor by which an organization is most affected is the prescribed rules & regulations by the Government. FedEx is an international company working worldwide. There are certain nations where the rules & regulations are not being implemented in true letter and spirit. Being a company working internationally, the FedEx should interact with these nations and let them to use international services in a better way. Other than rules & regulation, there are many other factors which affect the business; these include the industrial limitations, political stability, and the business standards. The adherence of the pre-requisite laws is the key of Continue reading...

Income and Poverty in Developing Countries: An Examination of Income and Poverty in India

Introduction
Poverty represents a chronic issue throughout the globe despite the emergence of extraordinary advancements in technology, communication, transportation, medicine, engineering, and business. Even the most prominent and wealthy developed countries such as the United States hold within their borders a segment of the population that is below the poverty level. Certainly those that are poverty stricken in these wealthier countries experience a much better life than those in undeveloped or developing nations. Most recent economic figures estimate that two-thirds of the work’s population lives on less than $1 dollar a day. For those that have grown up Continue reading...

[University affiliation]
The Gulf war between Iraq and Kuwait in 1990-1991 led to an increase in petrol price and affected both The US and the EU negatively
The economic objectives of every nation are stabilization of the economy, keeping the level of inflation and unemployment below the target rate (Carbaugh, 2012, p.481). All of the governments pursue these goals given the large abundance of external factors that affect the macroeconomic policies of the state. The main concepts for the determination of economic growth are of course the growth of Gross Domestic Product, which is comprised of Aggregate Supply and Continue reading...

Question 1

International trade is an approach that is used to engage in the international business through imports and exports. A firm can penetrate the market through selling their products abroad and obtaining low cost suppliers. Some of its advantages involve increase wages for the members, counterbalance monopsony, and productivity deals. It disadvantage includes unemployment, ignoring of non-members trade unions and lost productivity.
Another method of engaging in the international business is through licensing where a firm acquires trademarks, patents, copyrights, trade names and royalties. Advantages of licensing are that a company is able to penetrate to the local market with Continue reading...

The observed depreciation of the Australian dollar can be attributed to several factors. The primary factor is the slowdown in the economic growth of China. For many years, the Australian growth has been driven by the exportation of goods to China which is actually Australia most important trading partner. Some of these exports have included commodities like agricultural products, coal and ores. This trading venture has often been accompanied by relatively high prices for commodities. However, China has been experiencing a slight slowdown in the expansion of its economy and the ‘Chinese commodity boom’ has been rapidly declining (Financial Continue reading...

Introduction

The United States economy refers to all the means through which goods and services are generated, distributed and utilized by individuals and businesses in the United States. It is made up of approximately three hundred million consumers and more than twenty million businesses. In 2005, the annual Gross Domestic Product amounted to twelve and half trillion US dollars (Schmidt, 2003). Such high scales of production and consumption have made the United States undoubtedly the greatest economy of the world regardless of the fact that some other nations have more land, people and other resources notwithstanding (Engdahl, 2004). However, this Continue reading...

Abstract

Cost-volume-profit (CVP) analysis helps to estimate many relevant aspects regarding operating profit. It can be used in cases when the needed amount of the product for sale the future period must be calculated. In the current work such problems as price and quantity management with maintaining the original contribution share. Meanwhile, the most frequently CVP analysis is used for evaluation the break-even point in units and dollars, the amount at which all costs will be covered and net profit will be equal to zero. At the same time, it’s possible to provide the future estimation of new launched Continue reading...

Effect of dimensions of international finance on the corporation

The multinational corporation that has been selected for this study is Wal-Mart. The country that this corporation should expand to is New Zealand. One major aspect of international finance that may affect the expansion of Wal-Mart to this country is the foreign exchange risk and also the political risk. For the foreign exchange risk, Wal-Mart will be dealing with the exchange rate between two currencies - the New Zealand Dollar and also the US Dollar. Given that this currency pair is traded in major forex platforms in Europe and the US, its value will be based on market forces. Continue reading...

- Plot the collected FX data on a graph showing the daily movements
Figure 1: Daily FX exchange rates for different currencies
The selected currencies are US dollar, UK Pound, and Chinese Yuan. To start with, the US Dollar has shown a tremendous increase within the period of between July 1 2010 and July 1, 2012. As shown in figure 1, the rate was low in July 2010 but increased with a very high rate to June 2012. The AUD and USD exchange rate shows the relationship between toe currencies in respect to daily FX exchange rates. The USD Continue reading...

Chapter 4: Pages 92-93, Exercise #4

a. If Mrs. Siegal can only choose one alternative, and if she wants to maximize the most healthy days per dollar that she gets, which option will she choose?
b. If the price of a pill increases to $3, which option will she choose?

Alternative 1

If Mrs. Siegal decides to visit the physiotherapist, she will lose her wages and will have to incur the billed by the physiotherapist. Thus, cost incurred by visiting the physiotherapist will be given by the following equation
cost incurred in the visit=Wages lost per hour*time spent+ cost of physiotherapist visit
=20 dollars per hour* Continue reading...

Question one

The major type of risk that Pasiminco faces are:
- Interest rate risk- this risk is due to financial market conditions. Pasminco borrowings may be based on a fixed on floating rate of interest. It is obvious Pasminco has debt financing in its portfolio and if they are charged variable interest rates on their loans then there is a risk that the level of interest charged may be unfavorable if market interest rates are high. Pasiminco most probably failed to raise intermediate financing because their credit rating had fallen to warrant the difficulty in raising additional capital from lenders. Continue reading...