Essays on Deficit

Introduction

The budget deficit and the amount of public debt is an important indicator of an economy. This area of concern has traditionally received much attention. The budget process involves the balancing of public revenues and expenditures. Budget imbalance means quantitative disparity between income and expenditure budget. The excess of expenditure over budget revenues is called the “budget deficit.” The unbalanced budget could lead to the emergence of a surplus, ie excess of income over the expenditure. However, in practice, almost all countries now, there is significant scope for excess government expenditure over income. The result is a rapid increase in budget ...

Worldwide mental retardation (MR) is one of the most common conditions affecting 1 to 3% of the general population. Clinically the symptoms differ from one individual to the other as it depends on the severity of the condition (Mental Retardation, 2010; Intellectual Disability (Mental Retardation), 2011; Intellectual disability, 2013). However, few common symptoms associated with MR are as follows: - The intellectual developing milestones are not meet as expected. - Common features shown by the individuals with MR includes unable to do the routine activities independently, impetuous, passive, causing injury to self, inconvincible, rude behavior, frustrated and ...

Introduction and Causes of the Budget Deficit

The United States Budget Deficit has been in the news recently. This is because of the huge gap between revenues and expenditure that has resulted in a budget deficit of more than a Trillion Dollars each year. The situation was not so bad during the last decade when under President Clinton; the US actually ran a budget surplus. However, once President Bush took over, the budget surplus turned into a deficit mainly because the US was paying for the Iraq war that was very expensive and extended the tax cuts for the rich, which meant that the government went without the tax revenues. ...

What is the relationship between free trade and trade deficit? (2 pgs)

Free trade and the trade deficit are associated through their mutual relationship with the economics of a market. Contrary to what many might believe, a trade deficit translates directly to debt for those within a country. The growth of a trade deficit is often a sign of extreme growth within an economy. To how much of a degree a country decides to restrict or allow the free trade of goods can have a direct influence on the trade deficit of the country. Free trade agreements allow countries to trade with one another under fewer restrictions, with the purpose of increasing the amount of trade that is done ...

ABSTRACT 3

INTRODUCTION Background 4 Information Sources 4 Limitations 4 ANALYSIS Presidential Election and the Economy 5 CONCLUSION Summary and Interpretation of Findings 12

REFERENCES 13

Abstract This paper presents an analysis of the article entitled The Growth Recession of 2012 and the Presidential Election published by Forbes.com in October 2012. The purpose of the paper is to present a recently published article and provide an analysis in light of the principles and theories of economics. The discussion involves the analysis of a recent article by relating it to the theories and principles of Economics specifically ...

Introduction

Economics is a term which lies in almost every walk of life and it is a term which is quite important from different standpoints. The term of economics has been utilized and discussed entirely through different provisions in total. There is no single definition of the term ‘Economics’ exist in this world, because every author has been discussing the same in a somewhat different manner in total. Adam Smith and Alfred Marshal are known as the founder of Economics (FOE), found that economics is the study of wealth and the concept of the same should have been categorized into different provisions ...

Following the American Psychological Association’s Guidelines

Recessions and Recovery Strategies Economies are alive organizations which sometimes gets problems similar to our bodies. As we grow up and develop, we catch some sicknesses and similar to us, economies also grows up and sometimes they face some crisis and recessions. During recessions, consumption level and income level of people decreases and economy slows down. In a slow economy, investors do not prefer to make new investments and even during a severe recession, they might stop their all investments in the economy. As we know, economies have a cycle and when it slows down all parts in the economy slows ...

Abstract

Germany has been a model economy for the Euro zone with its fiscal frugality which has maintained the country on an impressive growth while the other European countries were struggling with debt crisis. However, despite a favorable GDP growth and low unemployment, the country is facing challenges with high inflation. The current situation is a result of combination of both poor decision making and market sentiments in the region. In addition, the country’s greatest debt is in the hands of the financials and non financial corporations with each having 87% of the debt while government holds 83%. In relation to the ...

I. What is it Like to be an ADHD Person? (ADHD Signs and Symptoms)

What do persons with ADHD are like?

Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) has been described as the most prevalent childhood disorder (Dell & Shultz, 2009). A person with ADHD has difficulty focusing on a particular task, which he/she finds commonplace or boring, which makes him/her to get easily distracted at it. He/She has a hard time controlling the things he/she has to do or say, as well as, the amount of physical activity he/she has to perform as compared to someone without an ADHD. Because an individual with ADHD has greater impulsiveness and restlessness, he/she may ...

The most recent event in the country that I can think of is the 2012 Presidential Election. What has this to do with the economy?

The most obvious connection between a presidential election and economic activity is that, if the incumbent government is eyeing for a reelection, then pre-election programs include execution of expansionary fiscal policy since such policy (either increase in spending or a tax cut) tend to increase economic growth, reduces unemployment and increases the political support for the politician. I learned that fiscal policy pertains to discretionary changes in government spending and tax collection with the goal of ...

Introduction

An economy of a country goes through different cycles. There will be periods where there will be a boom and at other times there can be a recession. In the Western world the period 2007 to 2009 was a tough period as the economy went through a recession. Many people lost their jobs while others lost their homes. It is estimated that a total of 8.4 Million jobs were lost during the recession period. Mortgage products were the worst hit. Governments came up with measures to stimulate the economy. The American government spent a lot of money bailing out banks and mortgage companies.

There are two ...

Budget Deficit and its Impact in the Economy

Introduction

Every government has a budget of its sources of income and expenses. Yearly, the budget is reviewed and a new one is rolled out. The government may either have a budgetary surplus or deficit. A budget deficit occurs where the expenditure of the government exceeds the revenue that it has collected in a certain period. There have been arguments by different scholars on the adverse and positive effects of budgetary deficits on the country’s economy. I will highlight the positive and negative effects of the budget deficit and the different causes of the deficits. The adverse effects outweigh the positive effects ...

- Introduction Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is the most common neuropsychiatric order in children. Its first diagnosis on children was done in 1980s. However, the condition had been described in various names for over one hundred years. For many years healthcare professionals and providers believed that this disorder only affected children. The diagnosis of adults with ADHD disapproved this belief. It is now universally accepted that ADHD affect both children and adults across all cultures. The world prevalent rate in 2007 was 3.4% (Knutson & O'Malley, 2010).

Definition

ADHD is a neurological disorder that is partly caused by the dysfunction ...

Introduction

Deficit spending is one of the economic measures that any government intends make use of in case the economy is under recession. It is an economic application that originated from John Maynard’s theories in economics. During the economic recession, the government is unable to maintain the best levels of unemployment. This is because there are minimal positions from which the government has to source funds to run its programs. Ideally, there is usually a shortage of funds within the economy as compared to other countries (Cogan, Cwik, Taylor, & Wieland, 2010). The government takes the position and borrows from international ...

In recent years, there has been an intensive discussion about the United States budget deficit. The economists and various observers have argued that the budget deficit has dire consequences on the United States and other economies around the world. The effects include high interest rates, low rates of economic growth and low savings. This provides the platform for economists and policy makers to find a possible lasting solution to the budget deficit. Deficit is the difference between receipts, the money the government receives, and the outlays, the money the government spends, per year. The receipts are generated through excise, ...

I am interested in writing about economic growth. This topic is so timely because the economy of US was reported to grow in the third quarter of this year. The growth in the economy was due to increases in inventories and export, thereby raising the gross domestic product to 2.7% during the third quarter. Economic growth is a very important indicator of the economy as it signifies increase in the productive capacity of the country over time that leads to increases in national output and income. It is the increase in the total output of a country over time and ...

There have been concerns from economic experts and scholars on the increasing rate of federal budget deficits and government debt. An analysis of the history of the Federal budget shows that the budget has been in deficit more times than it has been operating at a surplus. The country has been in the red for quite a while over the years.

Deficits and Surpluses in the US Federal Budget

The US treasury was established in 1789. From 1789 to the year 2011, the country has operated on a total of 222 budgets throughout the years. History shows in total that the budget has experienced 115 deficits and 107 surpluses. Analysing ...

Introduction

A discount rate is the interest rate that is used in cash flow discounting so as to determine future cash flows’ present value. This discount rate caters for the time value of money and uncertainty or risks of expected cash flows in future, which could be less or more than expected. Time value of money is an idea that the value of money currently is worth much more than that amount in future since it may be earning interests. A discount rate could also be defined as a rate of interest which an eligible depository organ or institution is charged ...

The economic crisis in Egypt post January 2011

Abstract The paper looks into the economic crisis in Egypt and how the background was formed for the January 2011 revolution. How the crisis happened, what were the consequences and how Egypt can get back on track are some of the important questions that need to be looked into. The stability of the Mubarak regime was well under pressure even before the major changes in the political system followed. Even before the present revolution and reforms in Egypt, there were significant changes taking place in the political system. The nation was experiencing relative freedom of expression for the ...

- Introduction As a profession, nursing existed since the early years of civilization. Although nursing in the early days was not sophisticated or complex as it is in the contemporary, various attempts were made to improve on care given to the patients (Parker, 2010). In fact, nursing as a field has its roots in the early attempts by human kind to provide care to the sick and the weak. It was through progressive modifications, adjustments and improvements that nursing or caring evolved into a large field with its roots deeply grounded in various concepts. Nursing concepts since the inception of care ...

Introduction

It is a very common aspect of children that during their childhood they are likely to ignore or forget things, start anything without thinking, or having lack of focus. Such children are perceived as behaving normal but studies from research show that they can be victims of Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). It is a very common disease that is found in children, defined as a mental disorder and behavioral disturbance that is caused by various factors including environmental factors such as inconsistent parenting (Castellanos et.al, 2002). As it is a mental disorder when a child catches the disease, he experiences plenty of problems ...

Macroeconomics is a vast field of study that deals with the aggregate behavior of the economy. The term, macroeconomics, is a composition of two words: makro, a Greek prefix, meaning large, and economics. Putting it all together, the term is used to refer to a special discipline of economics that architects the art of structure, behavior and decision making of the aggregate economy, rather than studying separate individual units. Here, the question of interest is how can one study the structure, behavior and decision making attitude regarding the completely magnanimous economy, involving many different sectors. However, the answer to this complex question appears ...

Sequestration and the Government Shutdown of October 2013

Sequestration is a budgetary process in the United States under which limits on the federal budget are imposed. The process of sequestration involves setting a cap on the amount of spending that the government can undertake at any given period of time. The capping of the government spending is not a blanket one and it targets specific categories of expenditure. Budgeting in the federal government of the United States is carried out through a process which involves both the executive and the congress. The executive arm of the government prepares a budgetary estimate of expenditures covering a specific period of time and the congress, ...

History

Question 1 Democracy deficit in the Middle East has led to an impact in patterns that are characterized by political and economic development in the Middle East. It is wrong when people associate this aspect with presence of Islam in the region and the perception that the region culture supports undemocratic cultures. Culture does not in any way affect the transition to democracy as long as the state and its economy are put under consideration. Transition from democracy deficit to democracy is influenced by the degree in which the independence thinking of the society is not affected by ...

A. Background

The theory of Self-care Deficit was developed by Dorothea Orem. This theory states that a self-care deficit occurs when the patient or the guardians of dependents are unable to meet the requisites for self-care (Edney, Jaime & Young, n.d.). When this happens, nursing help is needed. More specifically, nursing care is used to help people enhance their self-care abilities, which they would need for survival and for maintaining their well-being and their quality of life.

Born in Baltimore, Maryland in 1914, Orem completed her diploma program from the Providence High School of Nursing and later received her bachelor’s and ...

Attention deficit disorder is a common psychiatric disorder that affects young children and persists into adulthood. It makes it difficult for school going children to concentrate on their studies. Attention deficit disorder affects 6-7 % of children. Additionally, ADD is diagnosed in 2-16 percent of children attending school. This disorder is characterized by troubles in controlling hyperactive and impulsive behaviors and paying attention. This constellation of symptoms not only affects the child at home but also has negative effects on a child’s education by creating difficulties in school and peer relations. Most school going children who suffer from ADD have a learning ...

In the United States budget expenditures are divided on direct (mandatory) and discretionary. Direct costs are guaranteed by the legislation in force and cannot be trimmed (social benefits, health care programs, etc.). Discretionary spending annually are reviewed and approved in the budget for next year by the US Congress. At the same time a limit such costs is fixed. If the actual costs exceed the budget limits, sequestration runs, reducing the budget deficit (Gramm-Rudman-Hollings Act). In 1986 the Supreme Court determined this Act as unconstitutional on the basis of sequestration gave the Congress inopportune authorities. Anyway, in 1987 the ...

- Identify the problem they have now or will have in the future. The first problem which the couple is currently facing is overspending. After deducting all the expenses which the couple is incurring monthly from their total combined income, John and Mary are incurring a monthly deficit of $3,317.95. This computation is based on the net earnings of the couple after deducting income tax and voluntary superannuation contribution, which both John and Mary participate in (ATO, 2014). This is in spite of the numerous income sources which they individually have and bearing in mind also that they ...

What process do budgetary policies follow? What legislative committee is assigned to each part?

When it comes to budget, most of the people presumed that it is something occurs due to lack in funds. The students usually turn into a budgeting mode to meet their expenses within limited resources. The word budget is mainly taken as the number of instances and perspectives, however, the main purpose of the budgeting is not for specified scenarios such as to manage expenses within tight financial situation but it is for everyone either for rich or poor in a similar manner. Budget is usually referred as the anticipation of the incomes and expenses for a particular span of time in the ...

Introduction

Most of us have faced moments when we were not able to concentrate on the work in hand. There were times when focusing on a task was a big challenge. However, this type of syndrome is not very common for most of us, but some people show this kind of behavior on a day to day basis. For those people showing the lack of concentration and inattentiveness on a regular basis, this type of syndrome becomes uncontrollable and persistent. Any person showing such signs may be a victim of attention deficit hypersensitivity syndrome. Attention Deficit Hypersensitivity Syndrome (ADHD) does not show any physical signs ...

Affiliated Institution

Define the term trade deficit and select the one article that you wish to discuss on the topic trade deficit Trade deficit is used in measuring the balance of trade, the balance of trade is said to be at equilibrium when the imports are equal to the exports, however when there is a negative result, that is the imports are more than the exports then it is termed as a trade deficit (Schultz, 2012). Within the international business cycles trade deficits usually occur but are corrected by market forces and equilibrium is achieved and the market clears. An extended trade ...

Abstract

ADD is a neurobehavioral disorder that commonly affects children. The precise cause of the disorder is still yet to be known even though various empirical researcher findings point to heredity and several environmental factors such are diet to be the possible causes of the disorder. This disorder that is commonly exhibited in the form of heedlessness and hyperactivity is treatable even though not curable. Common treatment options of the disorder include psychotherapy and medication. KEY WORDS: Causes, Attention Deficit Disorder, Treatment, Symptoms

Background

ADD is a neurobehavioral disorder that commonly affects children; children with ADD experience difficulty paying attention, hence the ...

The budget deficits are situations where the government expenditure exceeds the available collected revenues in a fiscal year. Deficits have existed in the United States state budget, a situation that has forced the government to borrow. Economic slowdowns are the leading causes of a deficit because of the poor performance of taxpaying organization (Tucker 303). The United State budget deficit increased in the years 1960 to 1990. The deficits reduced between the years 1990 to 2006, and started rising again during the Bush administration. The 2012 financial year shows the government has a shortage of $1089 billion compared to $161 billion in the ...

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a common neurobehavioral, childhood, disorder (Griggs & Mikami, 2011). The disorder is easily diagnosed when the child is still small, but it last even when the child matures to adulthood. Children with this disorder cannot pay attention. They also do not control impulsive behavior and can be overactive. ADHD occurs in tandem with other disorders such as OPPOSITION DEFIANT DISORDER (ODD), Learning Disorder, and Conduct Disorder. These associated disorders are referred to as co morbidities of Attention Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder. Advokat (2010) notes that more than half of the children who suffer from ADHD ...

Introduction

The movie I.O.U.S.A brought to the attention of America the consequences of their national debt and the need for the government of the US to show some more financial responsibility. Most of the Americans and their elected officials are aware of the financial challenges facing the US it is upon them to act before the situation worsens. I.O.U.S.A was produced to focus on the solutions to the financial crisis that the nation is facing. It has a discussion panel with professionals from a range of view points spanning across different generations. i. How are consumers' short-term actions creating long-term consequences? ...

The Challenges faced by the European Union

This paper discusses two specific challenges that the European Union (EU) is facing currently. One is the democratic deficit and the second challenge is the euro crisis. The ‘democratic deficit’ can be defined principally as the disagreement regarding the lack of democracy in the European Union as well as in several of its other bodies. It is apparently claimed that due to this democratic deficit, the European Union and all of its other bodies are unapproachable to the common people as their functioning methods are extremely complex in nature. At each and every single stage of the process ...

In modern economy monetary and fiscal policies are the key elements of government regulation. Expansive monetary and fiscal policies often lead to budget deficit and national debt increase. The main goal of this paper is to reveal how monetary and fiscal tools can stimulate the economic growth and prevent negative effects such as inflation.

FISCAL AND MONETARY INSTRUMENTS OF ECONOMIC GROWTH AND INFLATION CONTAINMENT

When real GDP is below the nominal, it means the economy is facing the money devaluation process, or inflation. The Federal Reserve System anticipations of the main macroeconomic indicators have revealed the relatively stable growth of the economy. The U.S. economy average inflation rate is ...

Tax payers

The learning team members had a discussion on The United States deficit surplus and debt. The Government is known to takes in revenue through taxes. The government runs on a budget deficit yearly and surplus has to do in part with how the government policymakers use the funds (Cashell, & Library of Congress 2004). The better option known in tax reduction is surplus tax to be returned to taxpayers.

Future Social Security and Medical Users

There has been an increase in medical spending while health care has maintained its cost in same class. Social Security has role of running a surplus of millions of dollars to date. The social ...

Oil and its products comprise some of the key commodities and products for any economy from their crucial role in energy supply. In addition, oil has been a commodity whose sourcing, production as well as marketing has being of great concern to many economic stakeholders as energy is one of the key drivers of economic growth and development. In addition, oil has been at the centre of governments’ policies focus as countries seek to secure supply and enhance production as well as tap the benefits that come with the precious commodity. In that respect, this analysis seeks to establish the ...

Prenatal Methylmercury, Postnatal Lead Exposure, and Evidence of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder among Inuit Children in Arctic Québec. By: Boucher, Olivier, Jacobson, Sandra W., Plusquellec, Pierrich, Dewailly, Éric, Ayotte, Pierre, Forget-Dubois, Nadine, Jacobson, Joseph L., Muckle, Gina, Environmental Health Perspectives, 00916765, Oct2012, Vol. 120, Issue 10.

This study sought to determine the relationship between behavioral changes and ADHD in children and their prenatal diet. Basing on previous studies (that associated Methylmercury and polychlorinated biphenyls to impairment in attention and performance), this study on Inuit children examined amounts Lead (Pb) in their diet in relation to exposure to Methylmercury ( ...

The US federal deficit and the debt are two inseparable problems facing the US since deficit spending began. There is some confusion between the two but the difference is quite simple. The deficit is the amount spending over the fiscal year exceeds the increase in revenue. If we bring in $10 and spend $15 there is a $5 deficit that has to be made up somewhere. It is either cut or funds are acquired elsewhere such as bonds or borrowing through other means. Over time this has a cumulative effect that is the debt which builds interest.

Fortunately since 2009 the ...

The Maastricht Treaty launched the European Monetary Union in the year 1992. The union comprised of two parts, which included the creation of euro the common currency and creation of the European Central Bank, which coordinates all monetary policies in the Eurozone. The treaty also created the rules for countries willing to join the union. The other element of the treaty was the national central banks of the 16 member countries. European Monetary Union creation has led to price stability and proper management of public finances (McKay Volz & Wolfinger 2011).The final phase of the single currency introduction ...

Intermediate Economics

Chapter 13

Q1. Explain the two theories of aggregate supply. On what market imperfection does each theory rely? What do the theories have in common?

Answer: The two theories of aggregate supply are explained as follows.

Sticky price model: The model suggests that firms do not immediately change the prices in response to the change in market demand. The prices are also set by agreements between firms and customers. The market imperfection is that prices usually in goods market do not regulate with changes in demand. Sometimes even with the fall in demand, some firms reduce output rather than the prices. Imperfect information model: This model assumes that prices ...

The total budget of the United States is comprised of the off-budget and the on-budget. Off-budget are parts of the budget that have trust funds. This is for instance social security fund, and Medicare. On the other hand, parts of the federal budget that operate without a trust fund are referred to as on-budget. A deficit or surplus in the total budget is influenced more by the on-budget than by the off-budget such that, a deficit in the on-budget increases national debt. Much of the history of the history of the United States of America from 1930 to 2011 is characterized ...

Abstract

This paper is on the topic of Government Expenditures and Revenues, Budget, National Debt. The first part of this paper will discuss the effect of government purchases on aggregate demand. The second section of this paper will discuss the shift in aggregate demand curve and change in GDP in comparison to aggregate demand curve, on the bases of factors like government purchases, GDP and the multiplier. The Final section of this paper will discuss the issue of crowding out and its implications on fiscal policy changes.

Government Expenditures and Revenues, Budget and National Debt

Yes, all government purchases have the same effect on the aggregate demand curve. ...

Introduction

Most of us have faced moments when we were not able to concentrate on the work on hand. There were times when focusing on a task was a big challenge. However, for most of us this type of syndrome is not very common. However, for some people these types of behaviors are a day-to-day affair. For those people this type of syndrome is uncontrollable and persistent. If a person shows such signs then they may be a victim of attention deficit hypersensitivity syndrome. Attention Deficit Hypersensitivity Syndrome (ADHD) does not show any physical signs or cannot be detected using laboratory tests. The symptoms of ...

Greece-Euro Crisis: A Background

In 2001, Greece became the 12th European nation to get the membership of the EU, and endorsed the Euro as its single currency of the continent. The country got the EU membership that would put Greece strongly placed in Europe. Nevertheless, even then a number of economists were afraid that the Euro's stability could be affected by the inclusion of weaker countries from the European region. With the aim of qualifying for Euro membership, Greece was required to adopt stringent austerity steps, mostly through massive cuts in public expenditures. When the euro was launched in global financial markets in ...

- Reasons for asserting that the number one economic problem is the federal deficit Large fiscal deficits in recent years have resulted in rising interest rates and as a result an increase in the cost of borrowing as creditors begins to doubt America’s ability to pay up its loans. High interest rates have also slowed down growth in key sectors like construction, banking and insurance making the journey to economic recovery a distant dream. If the government goes on borrowing to cater for the fiscal deficit, it will drive up interest rates and this will compel private companies ...

Introduction

India government spending has been increasing over years. Currently the country is experiencing a budget deficit of 4.3% of gross domestic product. Sizeable amount of the deficit is financed by borrowing internally, however considerable amount is also borrowed externally. The high budget deficit is attributable to increased spending on direct cash subsidies and weak economic growth outlook which does not allow the government to increase tax. The subsidies which have lately been increased are petroleum and food subsidies. On the other hand, the weak economic performance has been attributed to decreasing external and internal demand of India’s goods and ...

Government

Introduction As we approach November 6th, we are once more hearing the calls from the political activists strongly insisting on the fact that it is not only a right but also the responsibility of the Americans to vote in the approaching election. It is also the responsibility of the American Citizens to vote in for an effective government. It is very sad to see that even those voters who seem to be informed have no proper understanding of the issues that are facing our country and this puts up the question of whether we are in a good position to ...

Resolved we Should Increase Taxes on the Rich

Should we Tax the Rich More? It’s the right time that national leaders had the great courage to push higher tax on the well-off. There are other solutions available to the country’s federal debt problem that will not require increasing taxes paid by the average earner than to target the one that has the larger means. The government’s decade-long avoidance to the term tax and relying on the silly euphemisms of surcharges and revenue enhancement should end. President Barack Obama has done a significant decision by pointing out the idea of imposing higher tax to the ...

Introduction

The United States debt is currently attracting attention because of the economic melt down in 2008. Enormous bailouts and rescue programs for falling companies led to an unprecedented increase in national debt. Despite disagreements about the mounting US debt others are convinced that it would bring huge risk. Some people claims that the national debt has something that was owed to its people and therefore there is nothing to be concerned about. However, economics experts believes that national debt may bring more economic catastrophe as debt rates is beginning to take up most of the GDP. As a result, the ...

Abstract

Affecting about 3-10% of all children, ADHD is among the most frequently occurring Mental Health Childhood Disorders. The methodology utilized in the study is systematic literature review. Research articles were searched from two online data bases that is, Medline and Ovid. The objectives of the review center around three aspects related to the mothers of children who have been diagnosed with ADHD. The review focuses on one describing the variety of stresses experienced by mothers after having their children diagnosed with ADHD. More importantly, it illuminates the policies and procedures available to support these mothers specifically in regard to ...

The federal deficit is a number that has changed over the years. Between the years 2007 and 2009 the deficit increased from about $160billion to $1.6Billion. It has been drastically shrinking since then but not at a rate that would make everyone happy. Currently the deficit is the lowest since 2008. The difference between the debt and the deficit is quite simple. The deficit is spending over the available revenue that is made up through borrowing of some verity.

There are a few ways that money is borrowed. First of all, it can be borrowed from countries like China by selling ...

In case, real GDP is lower than potential GPD expansionary policies are implemented in correcting contraction of business cycle. Expansionary Fiscal policy leads to increases in purchases by government, tax rate decrease and transfer payment increase to overcome contracting business cycle. Expansionary fiscal policy closes gap of recession, stimulates economy and decreases rate of unemployment.

Fiscal policy tools to stimulate economy are:

Government Purchases Expenditures done by government sector for services and final goods come under Government purchases. Government purchases are part of GDP bought by the government. Government purchases include heavy cost expenses like highway construction and aircraft clips carriers to smaller expenses like ...

Credit rating of a country is mainly the ability of a country to repay the loans that it borrows both domestically and from other countries. It is mainly determined by the economic conditions that are prevailing in the country at a certain time. There are other factors that affect the credit rating of a country. This research paper will evaluate the credit rating of South Africa. The research will evaluate the cause of the current credit rating of South Africa and its effects to the country in various sectors of the economy (KRUGMAN, 2009). South Africa is a country that has a very good ...

Questions over Case Study 11.1

Identify the weaknesses in each strategy. (Hint: How do you think the bond rating agencies reacted to California’s 2003 budget?) The first dangerous strategy identified was -Delay maintenance and replacement of assets—and rely on hope (Starling, 2011). The weakness of this strategy is, in addition to posing a physical threat to the people who can be harmed by these delays, poses a very real threat to the budget. More specifically, Osborn an Hutchison (2004a) note that “avoidance becomes addictive, and the real problems fester and grow, ultimately requiring even more painful solutions (p.29)” The second dangerous strategy ...

Budgeting is a crucial aspect of any institution or government’s operations with an aim of enhancing goals and objectives’ achievement in line with specific environment and needs. Thus, budgeting is greatly guided by policies that define the suitable actions in line with set goals and objectives either in response to changing environment or as a way of fostering opportunities’ utilization. In that respect, governments have budgeting planning that is specific to their constituents’ needs and that defines the objective of this analysis which seeks to demonstrate the budgeting process for a State in view of its status and environment. To achieve ...

A budget is an integral part of any economy. It outlines the financial plans of a country to facilitate economic growth. Most countries, including the United States of America prepare a budget comprising a one fiscal year financial plan. The US budget has indicated a deficit since 2008; this indicates that the government’s expenditures exceed the amount of revenue collected from the tax revenue. The federal government borrows funds to achieve its expenditure needs, and the interest rate increases annually. The borrowed funds are paid using the tax receipts from the taxpayers; the US government usually pays off the interest rates exclusively, ...

1. WHAT ITEMS DOMINATE THE BUDGET?

Employment and Job creation

The president’s speech featured employment as a major concern for the government. This is because it is the major macroeconomic indicators for economic growth and development of the country. The President expressed disappointment due to the manufacturing companies’ intention to hire workers from abroad. To avert the situation, he said that the key impediment to job creation is the stiff tax regime that has deterred potential investors from investing their capital in the country. He said that the proposal on tax reforms, which he had proposed to the budget committee, had been included ...