Essays on Monopoly

Monopolistic competitive markets and oligopoly are market structures. Monopolistic competitive market is a market structure with many buyers and sellers with differentiated products. The products are not close or perfect substitutes. In oligopoly, there are very few sellers in the market, therefore, becoming easier for them to inter relate easily with each other. (Tewari, 1996).The both have different features thus, becomes straightforward to distinguish them from each other.

An example of a monopolistic competitive market can be taken from the toothpaste industry. There are many different types of toothpaste and also many consumers. It is upon the strategies put in ...

Introduction

The analysis applies important microeconomic concepts capable of increasing the competitiveness of Kudler Fine Foods. Different organizations operate in different marketing structures depending on the type of business, size, and goods and products sold. According to Colander (2010), the four basic types of marketing structures that businesses currently operate on are oligopoly, monopolistic, perfect, and monopoly. Understanding competitive strategies adopted by Kudler Fine Foods assists in establishing the type of market structure where the company operates. Additionally, the analysis will discuss the effect of the chosen market structure on the organization and the relationship between the market structure and ...

Smith's opinion of the views Theil offers in his bookMarket forces ensure production of right goods and services. The price resulting from competition would equal the cost of productions in the long run. However, Thiel is of the opinion that under the perfect competition, business tends to be so focused on the current margins to a level that it cannot possibly have a long term plan. Its only monopoly profits that can allow a business to transcend the daily survival struggle. Thiel illustrates that competition can make people so strong in whatever they are competing. Competition ends up making one focuses so ...

The institutional affiliation

The four major market structures in the modern economic world are: perfect competition, monopoly, oligopoly, and monopolistic competition. Each one has strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and threats, so let us take a closer look at them.

Perfect completion is also called pure competition and is a benchmark where competition exists at its best level. Perfectly competitive market has large number of participants and none of them is large enough to influence the product price or its quality. In other words, there are so many sellers that neither price nor quality varies significantly. Pure competition market is easy to enter and exit ...

Introduction

Different firms in the world today are continually engaging in co-operative strategies through cooperation with other firms in partnership and strategic alliances rather than forming completion between them. They mainly engage in strategic alliances joint forces for a sustained competitive advantage and a mutually beneficial opportunity (Gulati, 1998). Two or more firms in the same or different industries but operating at the same production stage may merge to share resources at that same level as in the case of horizontal integration. This acquisition usually results to the creation of a monopoly (Lateral integration). In addition, a partnership may exist between the firm and ...

Objectives

- Compare various market structures and their characteristics.

This objective’s aim was to help understand the various types of market structures namely; Oligopoly, Monopolistic competition, Perfect competition, Oigopsony, Monopoly and Monopsony. In evaluating the achievement of this objective, the group notes that the greatest difficulty in differentiating the types of markets was in the competitiveness of the different market structures. However, it was also pointed out that this differentiation could be clearly outlined in a sequence grouping the markets from the most competitive to the least competitive.

In this sequence, the most competitive market was found to be the ...

a) Why the OPEC oil cartel succeeded in raising prices substantially while the Intergovernmental Council of Countries Exporters of Copper (CIPEC) copper cartel has not.

The Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) has succeeded in raising the price of oil substantially. For example, during the 1970s, the oil prices were increased by over 700 percent and this made the exporters of other natural resources imitate the OPEC model including the Intergovernmental Council of Copper Exporting Countries (CIPEC). However, CIPEC, unlike OPEC has failed to increase the price of copper. A number of reasons can be attributed to OPEC success including its control of about 76 percent of the world’s oil supply (Levenstein & Suslow 2006). Moreover, Oil has inelastic demand because it ...

Question one

The objective of every business entity regardless of their size to maximize profits and minimize costs. This is achieved by either maximizing their revenue and cutting down on expenses hence; the gap between costs and revenue increases. Businesses can achieve profitability by ensuring that they are economical on how they spend their resources and maximize the capacity of their productive apparatus. For example, they maximize the productivity rate of a machine by producing at the level where it is functioning optimally. The costs are cut down by ensuring that the unnecessary resources are preserved until the time they are needed ...

A monopolistic competition market structure is one common structure in the current business and economic conditions. This kind of market structure incorporates the competitive market and monopoly market structures. It comprises the characteristics of both kinds of markets. The market comprises of many firms, all competing for the same consumer market. However, the goods produced by each of the firms in the monopolistic competition structure are slightly differentiated. These products are close substitutes to one another. This characteristic grants the firms in the market power to act like monopolies. There are many sectors or industries whose products markets are ...

Vertical integration refers to the degree to which two or more consecutive stages of the supply chain are performed within the same company. If a firm expands into activities downstream, it is integrating forward, while upstream expansion is considered as a backward integration.

PepsiCo is a company that has been using vertical integration quite extensively in its business strategy. Originally, the company has been engaged in producing and selling solely their "Pepsi-Cola" drink, however, later PepsiCo expanded its business into other snacks and beverages. One of the most significant attempts to integrate forward for PepsiCo was the acquisition of KFC, Pizza Hut ...

This article is about how two of the world’s largest parcel delivery and shipping companies are, in fact, owned by the same owners. The article talks about UPS and FedEx, two companies having a chunk of the market share offering the above-mentioned services. Based on the illustration shown herewith, UPS has a 25.9% share of the deferred market while FedEx is closely following at 21.8% share. In terms of overnight packages, FedEx leads all market players with a 42.2% share while UPS follows at 33.8%. Figure 1 Market Share of FedEx and UPS Taken together, these two companies command a ...

INTRODUCTION

In order to come up with effective and efficient strategies, it is important to understand the dynamics of different market structures. Different market structures have different characteristics and features and operate differently. In this report, an attempt has been made to understand the different market structures and comments have been made on the different features and characteristics of these market structures.

MARKET STRUCTURE

A market is a group of individuals, firms and economic agents, who have interaction with each other as a buyer and seller. In economics market structures are defined into four main types, and that are perfect competition, monopolistic competition, monopoly, ...

Introduction

Antitrust policies are a threat to companies welfare; most of these laws are detrimental to monopolistic firms. This is due to the extensive market power that they dominate over a given sector in the economy. Most companies have suffered antitrust penalties due to their dominance in the market. This causes a negative effect to the statement of financial position of such firms. Microsoft is one of the best examples of companies that were subjected to antitrust laws. Microsoft is a monopolistic firm in the computer software sector. It deals with manufacturing and selling of computer chips to all the computer owners on the ...

Article Summary

The two largest companies in Telecommunication industry are Mexican telecommunications and television broadcasting. These two companies dominate the Mexico City media industry, therefore, exercising monopoly. It is because of the monopoly powers with the two companies that have resulted to increase in cost of doing business in Mexico. They are have set high prices thus limiting investment, and holding back the penetration of new technologies (Malkin 6). According to International Telecommunication Union, only 26 percent of the Mexican households have access to the Internet compared to 45 percent in Brazil. The course of the monopoly in the market ...

Introduction

Comcast and Time warner Cable are two competitors in the provision of cables in the market. The two companies are selling the same product in the market on very competitive market forces. The two companies, therefore, merges in order reduce the competition and working together to achieve the same goals and objective since they provide the same products. When these two companies merge, the levels of competition in the market will reduce effectively enabling them to have almost full control of the market through monopoly. The mergers will be able to determine prices and provide products to the customers ...

Why It Is Bad for Air Canada Monopoly in Air Business in Canada

Introduction Since the Canadian Airline was bankrupted in 2001, thus Air Canada became the only giant airline in Canada and monopoly in the air business for over a decade. According to the Air Canada’s Annual Information Form 2012 that Air Canada occupied approximately 55% market share of domestic air business and 37% for international flights (excludes flights to the US) departure from Canada (Air Canada’s Annual Information Form, 2012). However, throughSkytrax servers that the Air Canada show low satisfaction for its services due to incredible high price, poor staff services and maintenance and high frequently delay even ...

Following the American Psychological Association’s Guidelines

Introduction Pricing strategy is an important decision for the companies. Price means the agreement or the balance point between suppliers and demanders. In another word, price exhibits who is (are) stronger in the market; it is the most important indicator in the market. The price occurs depending on the strength of the side in the market. The companies would like to have more power, and having more power in the market happens through controlling the price. Thus, if a company or a group of companies can control the market price, then they get the monopoly or oligopoly power. Subsequently, controlling ...

Introduction

This paper is going to describe one of the most popular games in the world – “Monopoly”. The game was founded in United Stated, created by Parker Brothers. It gained its popularity in 20th century, and became one of the most played games in the world. The major idea behind this game is to build a monopoly (to become the only owner of the businesses) and become the most successful and powerful businessman in the game. Moreover, the main task of the player is to lead other players to the bankruptcy. However, the most fascinating merit of this game is that ...

The fundamental rule of economics is that it is a study of interaction of various market forces for utilization of the limited resources towards the satisfaction of unlimited demands of the society. The interaction and power of the forces of demand and supply determines the nature of the market. Microeconomics is the study which deals with the interaction of the individual demand and supply forces. The nature of such interaction and the relative influence of demand and supply forces would determine the kind of competition that exists in the market i.e., perfect competition or imperfect competition. The paper has been ...

Discussion Question

A monopoly exists when a particular person or enterprise is the only supplier of a particular commodity. Monopolies are thus characterized by a lack of economic competition to produce the good or service and a lack of viable substitute goods. There could be two ways monopoly can occur - Natural monopoly and Pure monopoly (Kaplow, 2010). Natural monopolies occur since it is cheaper and more efficient to have the firm alone usually due to the very high infrastructural and start-up costs. This mostly happens with utility companies eg. electricity, water, gas, rail – as an effect of the need for the cables and grids ...

- Explicit costs are those costs that are incurred and recorded in the financial statements. They are taken to be the cost of doing business, and incurred in the process of manufacturing or providing a service. For example, Cost of Labor, Material, Rent, Depreciation etc. Implicit costs are those costs that are incurred, but are not recorded. For example opportunity cost of capital by investing the funds in other businesses. Accounting profit is usually higher than the economic profits because it does not take into account the implicit costs of a business, because they are not the actual costs, but are ...

A market is a system through which the buyers and sellers of a product interact. Markets can be identified by the product it deals in. For example market for computer software, market for crude oil etc. Markets can also be distinguished by the geographical expanse like the local market or the international market for a product. In economic analysis it is more important and more usual to classify markets in terms of the degree of competition present in the market. In this mode of classification we consider two forms of market, the buyer’s market and the seller’s market. In ...

Introduction

Transport for London (TFL) is a transportation agency created by the government in 2000 to manage the public transportation system. TFL is responsible for managing the London underground system, Docklands Light Railways (DLR), Tramlink, peripheral heavy rail, ticketing services, taxicab services, taxes, and road safety. As per the government ruling in the 1990s, in order to increase competition, private players were allowed an entry into the transportation market. 100% of the London underground, Tramlink and DLR are owned and operated by TFL, but London road transport consisting of bus and taxicab services is mostly contracted out to many national and ...

The welfare and income distribution in a market economy is largely influenced by the market structures prevailing in the economy. The degree of competition existing in the market can determine the distribution of wealth between the consumers, producers, workers, and others related to the system. It is a general notion among economists and policy makers that monopolization of the market works contrary to the principle of general economic welfare. The contention is based a number of arguments that favor a competitive market structure over a monopolistic one. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the arguments both in favor of and against monopoly ...

A monopoly is a market situation where there is only one seller but a number of buyers. The seller is the price maker. The monopolist enjoys absolute market power by virtue of which she can earn supernormal profit. The monopoly power depends, to a large extent, on the possible threats to competition. If the monopolist finds potential threat in terms of entry of competitive firms, the monopolist tries to take effective strategies to keep competitors at bay. The market power of the monopolist depends on how effective the entry barriers are. It is because of the entry barriers that he monopolist remains a ...

Death squads are special armed forces that are involved in the killings of people without legal notice. These squads are also responsible for the forced disappearance of individuals. These death squads often operate with the objective of political repression, genocide, or revolutionary terror. The individuals who are involved in killing people or forcefully kidnapping them often hide their true identities. It is essential for the killers to camouflage or hide their true identity in order to avoid accountability. It is not uncommon or unheard of for these informal groups to be associated with military dictators or police forces. However, ...

Leaving the industry’s top four publishers’ shares unchanged and merging the remaining firms to form a single company would not change the four-firm concentration ratios immediately. It will remain at 2,554 as it is before the merger. This is because they will each remain with the same percentage of market share until the new merger takes shape and starts reaping the fruits of the merger. In the long run, therefore, the four-firm concentration ratio may change. The new merger will have a 12% market share which is greater than that of the joint-fourth firm in the current market’s ...

Market analysis is mandatory for every organization that decides to introduce its product into the economy. A thorough analysis helps to examine the various aspects of the economy, such as domestic and international demand and supply, barriers in the business and production costs. The apogee of the investigation describes the structure of the market in which the product resides. The paper explains the features of four market structures, namely, perfect competition, monopolistic competition, monopoly and oligopoly, while providing demonstrative examples of each structure. Furthermore, the paper identifies several other economic features, a few of which are; the change in price ...

Microeconomics

Answer 7) Allocative Efficiency: This is an economic efficiency where the producers try to satisfy the maximum want of the consumers. In other words, when the society achieves optimal distribution of goods and services, taking into account the preferences of the consumer, it is said to be allocative efficient. In the economic literature, it is defined as an economic state where the price of the product equals its marginal cost as at this point the price which the consumers are willing to pay is equivalent to the marginal utility they get from the product. Below is the ...

THE IMPROVEMENT OF CHINA'S ANTI-MONOPOLY LAW ——ESTABLISH PRIVATE ENFORCEMENT SYSTEM

INTRODUCTION Since the adoption of the Anti-Monopoly Law of China on August 1, 2008, only a subtle positive shift in demonopolization has been seen in the Chinese business sphere, given that a very small number of cases were ruled in favor of a plaintiff, while most of the cases ended up in reconciliation (Xiaoming, n.d.). The Anti-Monopoly Law ultimate purpose is a development through legal means of a fair competition on the markets that will boost the establishment of a market economy (Ming, “Fanlongduan Fa de Zuoyong”, n.d.). The Law provides legal imperative mechanism to prevent and solve existing competition problems, ensures competition ...

Oligopoly is a market structure in which only few firms are having control over market supply and since there are high barriers of entry and exit from the oligopoly market, the existing firms enjoy the monopoly kind position.( Parkin, 2011) Following are some of the salient features of Oligopoly Market: 1. Interdependence: Firms operating under oligopoly are interdependent in the decision making process. The reason for the same is that the number of firms operating and competing in the market are very few and any change in price or output level by one firm will have a direct influence ...

Business Overview

Kudler fine foods vision commits to the need of providing quality services to customers, with customers taking the first priority in its activities. Kudler fine foods operate mainly in San Diego with shops in California and many other places in the United States of America (Phoenix, 2010). The business endeavors to be the premier food outlet for the people in the area in search of cheese, meat, and other foods all under one roof. The business has three shops in the state of California and considers their activities as free from direct competition. However, the need for competitiveness in ...

Management

In the microeconomic analysis of the business competition, application focuses the interaction of the customers and the sellers. The demand and supply have to provide the nature and description of the business in respect to their relationship. The National Cannabis Industry Association is a body that is focused in controlling and overseeing the marijuana business in the United States. The association has the mandate of oversight and ensuring the growth of the marijuana are controlled and done by the certified and competent individuals as it is used under the prescription. Measures are introduced to enhance the control over the business ...

Following the American Psychological Association’s Guidelines

DESCRIPTIONS OF THE DIFFERENT MARKET STRUCTURES Market is a place where the buyers and the suppliers meet. Market is a structure which has a main function of determining an acceptable price for goods and services. The determination of the market price is a result of a bargaining process between the buyers and the sellers (or producers). Bargaining means that the sides of the agreement use their advantages and power to persuade the other side for the price they suggest. As we know there are some certain types of markets occur in the marketplaces: perfect competition, monopoly, oligopoly, and oligopolistic competition. Perfect competition ...

There is no doubt that in most situations, increased competition between the sellers of certain products leads to higher efficiency that benefits consumers in a society by forcing the sellers to use their resources more efficiently or reduce the prices. However, if total demand of a certain product is not large enough to allow more than a single seller to product that certain product or in other terms, if multiple sellers of a certain product whose demand is low means that their average total costs will be very high then in such situations monopoly takes place. Monopolistic businesses exist and they ...

A monopolistic market structure is one in which there are many sellers or sell similar products. These products are however not identical. Therefore in this market structure is an advanced level of differentiation of products from one firm to another. In this market, there are many firms which offer products to many buyers. Since the market is composed of many sellers, each of these firms is entitled to a certain percentage of the total market share. It has been noted that this market is composed of many sellers. What is makes the market structure different from the perfect competition market ...

In a market economy, monopolies tend to have only one seller. However, it is close to impossible to have a pure monopoly where there is only one firm in the global market. As a result, monopolies tend to be defined as a market with few firms competing against each other. These firms have the power to hold the price above the socially optimal point. This is known as the monopoly power. A monopolistic market does not have the luxury of free entry and exit of the market (Perloff, 2004, P.109). This is because most of these monopolistic companies have barrier to entry by ...

Reflections on Monopoly

Finally, post a short reflection of your experience playing the game to the discussion board. Even in the rigged game, everyone was playing by the same rules in the last rounds; did they seem fair? See the supplemental readings that follow for more on this topic. Monopoly is certainly a game which can be rigged just as the social situation is rigged to favour the rich at every stage of society. Downtrodden communities such as Native Americans and African Americans have been reduced to pariahs in their own country. Although the former have won some rights back especially since the ...

The generic drug industry is known to provide consumers with quality, safe and effective drugs at cost cheaper than those of brand-name drugs. Brand name products are usually higher in price than their generic equivalents. For instance, while the cost of 20mg Prozac antidepressant goes for $2.9, its generic sells at only $0.91. Additionally the while the cost of 15mg BuSpar, a different depressant sells at $2.3, its equivalent generic is sold at only $0.98 (Maisto and Mark, 14). Generally, it is very unusual to find the price of the generic drug going beyond 40% of the cost of the ...

The most important lesson I learnt this week is about the significance of product differentiation in a monopolistic market. As a student of business, I must acknowledge that I have known about the contributions of product promotion in a competitive market structure. Before studying this topic, I never knew that product differentiation is of a great importance in coaxing the target clientele to consider the product as the best alternative in the market. The lesson has enabled me to learn that product differentiation dos not necessarily mean physical differences, but uniqueness in the product. It is this peculiarity which appeals to the client. ...

An excavator comes in a wide range of sizes and capacities, and it is used on construction sites to excavate or move large objects. This heavy-duty construction machine is made up of three parts (refer to figure 1), the first of which is a driving base which consists of two sets of tracks attached to each side of the machine. The second is an operator’s cabin with a set of controls for movement and operation. Lastly, a powerful boom arm with an attachment (e.g. bucket) designed for digging, or lifting and moving objects. The excavator 324 Model from Caterpillar is a new ...

Patents are a way to grant monopoly to inventor in exchange for disclosure of inventors. Having publicly revealed an innovation, the producer gets the exclusive rights and hence more room for its successful monetization. The alternative for the inventor is to keep the invention as a secret, which is more attractive from the point of view of potential profits, but the inventor is exposed to the risks of information leaks. Patents provide the incentive to innovate, with monopoly being the reward. Without patents, innovators would be challenged by the companies, which try to replicate the product not having spent on ...

Abstract

Guinea has various sectors, which contribute significantly to the economic GDP in the country. There are various major contributors to the country’s economy including the mining sector and agriculture. Production of commodities and services in the area has a major effect on the growth and development of the economy, in Guinea. Electricity generation presents an imperative sector in the country’s economic system as it is a major driver of production in the economy. Generally, the production of electricity is generated through a combination of thermal and hydroelectric plants. Equatorial Guinea has an estimated generation of 11,000MW of hydro power ...

Microsoft would like to express its discontent with the recent efforts to curtail its market dominance. In regard to the above-mentioned issue, Microsoft would like to reiterate its position that reducing its monopoly power will act against society’s interest. The unfounded argument that Microsoft is imposing its products on consumers is erroneous as the principal aim of these products is to give the consumer an unmatched experience. Microsoft evinces commitment to superior products through its re-investment in product development, -the numerous versions of the Windows and Microsoft Office support Microsoft’s commitment to superior products. If ...

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Monopolistic and oligopolistic competition: theory and examples

Introduction One of the most important characteristics of an industry is its competitiveness. It often determines how profitable the businesses within this industry are or potentially can be, whether they have incentives to provide quality products and happy the customers are purchasing the products. In microeconomics, three types of market competition are usually being considered: monopoly, oligopoly and perfect competition. Monopoly implies that there is sole supplier of a good or service in the market who is a price setter and most often exploits its monopolistic power to derive excessive profits. The opposite to it is perfect ...

It has been proved by economic theory that perfect competition is the best effective structure to maximize society’s benefits (Consumer Surplus + Producer Surplus). In a perfect competition (price equals marginal cost, MC=P), when there are no entrance barriers and no producer is able to influence the pricing levels, the equilibrium point is on the intersection of the supply and demand curve. Monopolistic firms, however, are able to influence pricing levels, as they have no competitors and maintain high market share. The equilibrium point in monopolistic markets is on the intersection of marginal cost and marginal revenue curves (MR=MC). This ...

Antitrust investigation is the process of controlling monopolies in the market situation. The practice of monopoly by firms in most cases causes inefficiencies in the market the reason as to why it has to be checked. The monopolists take advantage of being the few suppliers in the market and set their own higher prices above the competitive market price set by the market forces of demand and supply. In the recent time two oil companies have been at the center of investigation. The Statoil as well as Royal Dutch Shell, BP companies been probed into the setting of ...

Among the four competitive market structures, monopoly occupies the other end of the competition spectrum, in stark contrast with the structure and behavior of industries under perfectly competitive conditions. Monopoly is typically characterized by high industry concentration where there are many buyers but with only one seller, very high barriers to entry and exit, and bounded rationality in the face of absence of perfect or sufficient knowledge. The strongest argument against monopolies may have been voiced by Adam Smith (Church and Ware, 2000) and reinforced in U.S. Anti-Trust Laws (USDOJ, 2008) when they favored more competition than less because ...

In the international market, there has been a large existence of monopolies, which have power in controlling prices existing in the market. A monopoly is a situation where a firm is the sole seller in the market (Sullivan 12). This indicates that there are no other sellers in the market offering the product offered by the monopoly. A monopoly gains advantage over other firms since there is less competition in the provision of commodities. The existence of only one firm that offers products gives the customers less power to bargain over the price of the commodities. In addition, this situation gives the ...

Introduction

The 1920s was not only roaring with dance and music but also gangstersism .During this period America was characterized by high level of criminal activities, especially gangsterism and bootlegging. Bootlegging is the smuggling of unlawful commodities. Gangsters took part in prostitution, bootlegging, and organized criminal groups and gambling .Despite the risks linked with gangsterism, it was a rewarding job. With an increase in crime during this period, the congress had to pass a law, which prohibited alcohol. This seemed as a possible solution to the problem, but proved to be like a drop of water in an ocean people who had been ...

This is one of the oldest merchandising companies in the English speaking nations. Eighteen merchants and noble men, who were encouraged by two French explorers, Sieut des Groselliers and Pierre Esprit Radisson that the area surrounding Hudson’s Bay held economic potentials, incorporated the company. The company was named The Governor and Company of Adventures of England Trading in Huston Bay and has never changed the name since then. In 1670, it received a royal charter that granted it governmental authority and monopoly of trade in the whole region that was drained by the waters flowing at the bay. That ...

Introduction

An economy actually consists of economic system of a particular country or any other area that is, the capital, labor, and land resources. A certain economy is said to be the result of process which involves its history, technological evolution, and social organization, in addition to the area’s natural resource endowment, geography, and ecology as the key factors. Monetary policy is essentially the economic tool that is used in the economy to control the money supply with an objective of promoting the desired economic growth and stability within that economy. Monopolies are a form of market structure where a single producer ...

The law of diminishing returns states that when one aspect in the manufacture of a product is increased while holding the other factors constant, there will be a reduction in the magnitude of the output in the short run. For instance, if a company ‘X’ increases one factor of production, say labor, a point will be arrived at whereby additional workers become less and less productive than a certain number of workers. This is accrued to increasing only factor of production disregarding the others. If for example the company increased all the factors of production, the level of production of the commodity would ...

The material is significant as it tries to explain the causes and solution to patriarchy. According to Johnson (pp 123) he refers patriarchy as inequality. He argues that patriarchy such as gender inequality and racism are championed by evil individuals. Johnson (pp 124) continues arguing that people usually blame the “system” yet they do not understand it. If they understood the system, they could use it to solve the problem of patriarchy.

The article is very convincing and credible. In referring to Johnson (pp 127), he relates his argument to the monopoly game. The game is controlled by a set ...

Monopoly market is market which has many buyers but one seller. Therefore, the seller can either decide the price to sell or quantity to sell in the market. The seller does not face any competition in short run and long run because there are barriers of entry and exit which prevent new firms from entering the market. This enables monopoly to earn supernormal profit in both short run and long run. The market demand curve is the same as that of the monopoly because the firm forms the market. Therefore, the average revenue curve which is negatively sloping ...

Market Structures

A market structure is the manner in which firms are organized in terms of production and the relationship with one another and the consumers. There are different types of market structures. They include; monopolistic, monopolies, oligopolies and competitive market structures. These market structures have different characteristics that distinguish them (McEachern, 2010).

Monopoly is a market structure where there exists only one seller or producer serving all consumers in the market. The monopoly is a price setter and the prices are set where firms make the highest possible profits. The prices are set above the marginal cost. Monopolies can also decide on ...

This paper examines the indusrty of Android phones in the eyes of HTC company. We examine the market situation and what can happen if the market is acquired and transfromed to be a part of the Triangle Solutions.

Introduction

HTC is an acronym for HI Tech Computer Corporation. It is a technological company based in Taiwan and focuses in the manufacture of Smartphone devices. Traditionally, HTC used to center in production of commodities and then brand them codenames such as “hermenes” and the likes. They would eventually sell the finished products to established telecommunication companies. Some of the companies that HTC traded ...

A monopoly Market structure exists when a sole trader dominates the market. The main feature of the structure is that consumers face a single seller who controls and determines the buying price in the market. It is different from perfect competition structure, which has many buyers and sellers with free entry and exit into the market. Monopoly firms operate on large scale and usually have a large market share if not all. They are the price makers in that they determine the price at which they sell their products since they are the sole suppliers in the market without any competition. They ...

Abstract

OPEC is an international cartel aimed at securing interests of the oil producing countries by restricting the oil production levels. The market structure of a cartel is similar to an oligopoly, the only difference being collusion between the dominant players. The paper attempts to understand these market structures, their welfare benefits and how the firms respond in certain situations. Game theory explains the incentive for firms to cheat in a cartel. The future strategy for OPEC is suggested based on synthesis of these concepts. It includes maintaining an active dialogue, designing a detailed disincentive plan and innovation.

Keywords: collusion, cartel, OPEC, oligopoly, ...

Introduction

In any economy, operation of any firm is triggered by competitive atmosphere in which firms needs to operate. Their operation is exposed to various factors such as production of goods, cost of goods, marketing, cost of logistics and existing number of competitors etc. Market is a place where existing number of buyers and sellers determine the price of goods. The prices of goods vary depending upon the demand and availability of goods. In economics, type of market structure depends upon mainly three elements as suggested by economists:

Existing number of sellers and size of their company

Conditions of entry to the market. Market is easily accessible or not ...