Essays on Regulators

Purpose

This paper intends to investigate how well the Pakistan pharmaceutical industry’s supply chain system performs. The thesis aims to achieve this purpose by examining the transportation, outsourcing, logistics management, and government regulations, and how these factors influence the efficiency and effectiveness of the pharmaceutical industry of Pakistan. In particular, the paper provides insights into the performance related practices used in the Pakistani pharmaceutical industry. Consequently, it points out the need for more research aimed at capturing dynamics and specific operational characteristics of local networks for development and improvement. Further, by denoting the relationship between system practices and SCM ...

Anheuser-Busch InBev’s Takeover of SABMiller

The global beer industry, which has been growing steadily for almost a century now, is filled with variety. There are many types of beer that vary in flavor, production technique, ingredients, color, alcohol levels, and geographic origin. Also, the many brands vary greatly as well. Some brands dominate global beer markets, while other brands are very local - and everything in between. Anheuser-Busch InBev and SABMiller were two of the largest global dominating beermaker companies in existence. Together, they produced around 30% of all beer sold world-wide. The idea of Anheuser-Busch InBev and SABMiller merging was simply astonishing. When ...

Introduction

The financial crisis of 2007/9 was the worst in the U.S. since the Great Depression of the 1930s. It was the cause of the failure of some of the biggest financial institutions including Washington Mutual which was closed in 2008, and its assets transferred to JP Morgan. In 2008, the crisis reached its peak with loans dropping dramatically to the lowest levels to be witnessed in a half a century. For example, new loans to large borrowers fell by 47 percent in the fourth quarter of 2008 as compared to the previous quarter and by 79 percent relative to ...

But how do legislators and regulators determine the risk associated with a particular activity? And how is their process for evaluating environmental risk different from that of the regulated community? The legislators and regulators strictly adhere to existing laws and regulations to determine the risk associated with a particular activity. They evaluate situations and measure the extent of harm which will be inflicted on the community as a whole. Any activity that is said to introduce detrimental effects to the environment is considered harmful and illegal if it goes against environmental laws. The process used by legislators and regulators ...

What is a 'Ponzi Scheme', how it Works and How does it Collapse?

A Ponzi scheme represents a fraudulent investment trick where the promoter pays return on investment to previous investors from the money invested by new investors instead of the money earned through profit or gain. Customers are promised to receive higher investment returns, compared to market averages, with no risk at all since they will be paid from the money provided by new clients. This investment scam requires an ample flow of clientele for powering the whole fraudulent system. A Ponzi scheme comes into existence when the promoter is able to cllect initial investment funds from a person. This scheme ...

In theory, financial accounting and reporting should be objective and neutral. However, the standard setting process can be a challenge as it is influenced by external factors and groups with different interests (Gaffikin, 2005). In different countries, financial accounting tends to be heavily regulated, with laws governing how particular transactions and events are to be recognized, measured and disclosed (Gaffikin, 2005). As such, the accounting process leads to the generation of general purpose financial reports. There are two approaches to the accounting regulation process, the regulated and non-regulated approach (Hossain, 2011). The non-regulated approach is also known as the ...

Abstract

The Madoff Securities scandal was one of the biggest Ponzi schemes to hit America. This essay would examine the Madoff scandal from an audit perspective since it was the complacency (or collusion) of the auditors that encouraged the perpetrator of this scam. While the scam that was pulled by Bernie Madoff, was both large and difficult to spot, its detection also helped expose a crucial flaw that existed in corporate America at the time. This was the lack of regulatory oversight in the Securities business. While one could lay the blame for this scandal on the Regulator, another important ...

Background

Being a small sized nation and also one lacking too much of natural resources, it was mandatory for Singapore to adopt a policy of open trade. The overall trade in Singapore currently amounts to thrice its GDP. Moreover, Singapore possesses absolutely no exchange controls either on the inflows or the outflows of foreign currency funds through its residents and non-residents. Despite the presence of stricter controls over the flows of domestic currency, there is no control that the nation has on its inflow and outflow. The country is known to be following an extremely liberal foreign direct investment (FDI) ...

a) Antitrust authorities at the Federal Trade Commission are reviewing your company’s recent merger with a rival firm. The FTC is concerned that the merger of two rival firms in the same market will increase market power. A hearing is scheduled for your company to present arguments that your firm has not increased its market power through this merger. Can you do this? How? What evidence might you bring to the hearing? In order to prove to the Federal Trade Commission(FTC) that the recent merger between two companies will not increase the market power, we will be ...

Disease pathophysiology

Definition of breast cancer Breast cancer is a malignant growth of cells in the breast. This type of cancer arises in the milk-producing glands when cells begin to divide in an uncontrolled way, forming a tumor. The most common neoplasm in breast cancer is the adenocarcinoma of the cells covering the terminal lobular unit (American Cancer Society, 2016; Stephan, 2016).

Prevalence of breast cancer

Breast cancer is the most common invasive cancer to affect women in North America, with more than 200,000 new cases each year, and worldwide, counting up more than 1,200,000. It is the second cause of cancer ...

BOP Assignment

A firm’s internal and external environment affects its performance in the market. It is worth noting that there are several tools of analysis used to determine the manner in which a given organization performs in its environment. Business operations take place within an environment. The environment factors are classified into internal and external factors depending on the type and ability of the firm to control. In this case, BHS is an example of an enterprise that was bought by an investor and merged into his wider business. After a while, it was on the verge of collapse, and ...

The craft beer industry has turned out to be a highly lucrative industry. According to Kell (2016), the smallest breweries continue fueling a flavorful revolution in liquor stores as well as bars across the United States. Without a doubt, everyone would wish to invest in this highly profitable industry. It is true that one ought to be ready to deal with legal and high capital raising issues when starting a microbrewery. Mitchell & Koopman (2014) maintains that brewers face numerous regulators and regulations at the local, state, and federal levels of government. In essence, the various regulations and regulators present ...

A standard method of exchanging financial data is crucial in the financial department of all institutions. In the past, the financial community was often frustrated by the lack of proper financial reporting formats. Most of the formats used were inflexible in sharing of data. Some of the formats used in the past include Microsoft Excel documents (MED), HTML, Adobe files, as well as text files. These formats had a little advantage of paper presentations. The inflexibility of these methods necessitated the adoption and use of XBRL in reporting financial statements. XBRL solved the dilemma that surrounded uniform exchange within ...

The ongoing internationalization process persuaded regulators and businesses worldwide to think of a common global accounting language for business affairs. This move led to the development of IFRS. International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), sometimes referred to as International Accounting Standards, is a globally recognized accounting framework for businesses worldwide. The major purpose of this accounting standard is to make company accounts understandable and comparable across international boundaries. Currently, over 110 countries are following the IFRS accounting system in order to address complexities relating to international business affairs. However, the United States has not adopted IFRS yet, and the country ...

Part 1

Health Promotion Proposal: Elementary School Age Obesity The goal of this project is to establish the major factors contributing to the increasing numbers of school-aged children been diagnosed with childhood obesity and its co-morbidities and recommend meaningful ways to stave off this alarming health problem in the present and future generations.

Interventions to Address the Goal

The role of the healthcare sector is to ensure the quality of health and wellbeing of every person in the society (Rice et al., 2013). Increasing numbers of obese children in the U.S. raise a health risk that requires quick intervention from health care stakeholders such as the ...

Introduction

Effective marketing strategy is necessary for ensuring that a new product or service is well communicated to the target segment. With that, this report presents a summary of a marketing strategy for a walk in clinic. The report describes the product, the consumers, the impact of outside agencies and regulators, anticipation of the changing market and the importance of the marketing strategy.

Marketing strategy

Product Information Service Description The proposed service is a walk in clinic focusing on the urgent care services such as laboratory testing, sutures, x-rays and removal of foreign bodies. The Clinic will be based in New York ...

PHIL 434 Medical Ethics

Short answers 3 point seach What is medical tourism? Medical tourism is “where patients travel overseas for operations and various invasive therapies.” (Connell 2006, p. 1093).

What are 3 reasons people choose surgeries/procedures in other countries?

1. Economics – Even with health insurance, many procedures can be performed for a fraction of the cost overseas. 2. Quality of care – quality of care is increasing around the world to the near equivalent of Western countries. 3. More options- Even with health insurance, many patients find their health insurance companies limit the kinds of procedures they are able to receive.

What is the commoditization of care?

Turning health care into a commodity that is undifferentiated from other competing ...

Analysis of the Documentary Food, Inc. through the Lens of Ethical Theories and Ideas

Some may wonder whether the food choice is an ethical issue. After all, we make these choices at least three times a day and our individual decisions influence the global industry of food growth, production and processing. As Jones, Cardinal and Hayward remind us, we exist in society and are connected to other people. This is why our choices, in our case, the food choices, affect other people, and their decisions influence us as well (2006, p. 3). Various theories of ethics propose different ways of viewing the problems of food production and consumption and seek solutions in distinct ...

High-risk investments mean volatility associated with the returns on investments and stock prices change. Any investment transaction has a risk element. Moreover, the major proportion of the investment theory states that the potential profitability is inversely proportional to the risk level . At this, it is not important whether it goes about the passive investment, active stock transactions or new business projects. Risk allows earning much and provokes losing much because associated with potential losses even in the case of success. It is extremely important to understand quantitative and qualitative characteristics of risks, which affect the amount of the invested ...

The Financial Accounting and Standard Board (FASB) and the International Accounting Standard Board (IASB) apply to the AT&T Mobility because both are proposing changes in global accounting. Moreover, their rule provides more incentives for companies particularly in changing the terms of the contract in corporations to speed up revenues to achieve quarterly targets. Additionally, the treatment of revenues in AT&T Mobility, the proposal for the changes, may drive the inconsistent allocation of income in particular between its products and payable resources as well as the separation of hosting arrangements. Consequently, AT&T have changed its GAAP accounting to redefine the ...

Conclusion about the economy

The conclusion made after the April 27th FOMC meeting is that the interest rates paid were to be left unchanged while the excess reserves balances will be charged a 0.50 percent. In addition, as a decision policy, the board voted towards authorizing and directing the Open Market Desk at New York’s Federal Reserve Bank and until further instructions are given, the transactions will be executed in the System Open Market Account. This will be in accordance with the domestic policy directive that was earlier initiated. Ensuring that interest rates are not increased will foster economic development as firms ...

Define the differences in the “push”, “passage”, and “pull” factors of three different immigrant groups which come to America between 1607 and 1830? Use testimonies from the various websites provided in the first three weeks of readings which illustrate individuals from these groups. Also, are there any testimonies which present how the resident Anglo-Americans feel about subsequent groups which came to America, especially after the Revolution? (For example, what does Benjamin Franklin think about German immigrants and their presence in Pennsylvania?) There were four waves of immigration into America. The first one took place between 1790 and 1820. The ...

The Savings and Loan Crisis, or commonly known as S&L, is termed as one of the largest financial crisis in the United States history. The crisis began in the late 1970s, and its impacts on the economy were felt in the 1980s and ended in the early 1990s. Various sources have indicated the causes of the S&L crises. Some of the documented reasons include high and volatile interest rates during the period, the phase-out and its elimination, negative regional economic conditions, and federal and state deregulation of depository institutions. Other reasons include deregulation of the thrift industry, declining regulatory ...

Introduction

This is a business plan worksheet for Making A Way Housing, Inc. (MAWH), which is a non-profit making organization that intends to provide shelter for the homeless. Some strategic issues need to be addressed, and an implementation and recommendation team needs to be set-up based on certain criterion.

Strategies to be implemented and Actions to be taken in implementing

Long-term financial stability Based on worksheet 2, the organization does not have adequate funds for expenses and the budget is always in the negative. The organization has however set in motion plans to ensure long-term financial stability. The first action will be; the organization will rely majorly on donations from the ...

Introduction

Power quality is an essential factor as far as performance of the electrical machines and equipment are concerned. Quality plays an integral role in ensuring reliability and satisfactory service by improving the transmission and distribution of electric power. In order to serve a huge section of the world with electrical power, quality is paramount in order to reduce losses during transmission and distribution. IEEE defines power quality as the deviation of current and voltage from the ideal to the actual realization. It factors in the concept of ensuring high standard powering and grounding of the electrical equipment for the ...

H1 This hypothesis should test if IFRS adoption improves accounting quality in R&D firms. However, many research studies that have been conducted established that lower predictability and persistence in earnings. There is also a decrease in earnings influence to stakeholder value, weak volatilities in prices charged by markets, better predictability of cash flow of a company as well as financial predictions. Also, there is a rise in accruals together with timeliness loss of recognition as well as a reduction in expenditure on research and development. According to Ahmed, Neel, and Wang (2012), their study established that increase in income ...

When James Monroe, the fifth president of the United States of America, said that Public Lands are public resources that ought to be disposed of to the best advantage for the people several years ago, America was still a young nation hovering around the Atlantic Coast (Scott). None could have foretold that disputes over public land rights will plague the nation for a greater part of the 20th century. To the West, North, and South stretched broad swaths of unexplored wilderness, territories begging for exploration and conquest (Scott). Like great civilizations before it, America spent the first years of ...

Introduction

The year 2007-08 brought nightmares for the US economy and its participants because least anyone had expected that the world’s biggest economy will cripple and face the worst ever recession after the Great Depression of 1929-1930. While Wall Street lost more than trillion dollars in value, thousands of Americans were left unemployed and the businesses, even the one who had more than 100 years of their presence in the United States, were filing for bankruptcy. On the other hand, Federal Reserve Bank, which once cited economic bubble as the natural event that cannot be prevented( courtesy the ideology ...

Methodology: Results-based Management Framework

BACKGROUND International Telecommunication union (ITU) is a specialized agency of the United Nations for information and communication technologies or ICTs. ITU is responsible for allocation of global radio spectrum and the satellite orbits, development of the technical standards to ensure seamless interconnectivity of the networks and technologies. The origin of ITU dates back to the mid nineteenth century and since then it has been at the centre of the advances in communication. Right from telegraphy in earlier times to satellites, mobile phones and internet in the modern world. It was on May 17, 1865 that the first incarnation of ...

Tyler Cowen’s “The Inequality that Matters”, published in the January-February 2011 issue of The American Interest Magazine, addresses the type of income inequality that Americans, and people all over the globe, should be concerned about. Most people, Cowen says, are unaware of the bigger, economic picture, and are instead more concerned about their neighbors’ income status. According to Cowen (2011), the American economy may collapse again because of an unstable economic situation in China and Europe, undercapitalized banks, or because the economic system is broken – and no one no one quite knows how to fix it. Cowen (2011) ...

Finance

2016-04-19

Introduction

This paper is devoted to the possible spillover effects between the usual banking and existing shadow banking systems and the impact of regulatory policies on the shadow banking system. The usual banking system consists of the banks and regulatory agencies. In comparison, the shadow banking system is a set of financial institutions, which are not banks, but perform their functions. The issue of the shadow banking system has become more important after recent global financial crisis. The Financial Stability Board has been established at that time. According to experts of this organization, various aspects of the shadow banking ...

Risk Management at Old Mutual Group

Old Mutual risk management strategies are shaped by the potential impacts on the company's reputation, earnings, liquidity and future sustainability. They are strategic, and the companies closely monitor them. Owing to various strategic changes that the company underwent in the period under review, strategic execution risk is the principal risk facing Old Mutual. The company is faced with other principal risks including, economic situations in the country of operation, shifting credit risk across the group and currency devaluations. There are also other inherent potential risks owing to the changing customer needs, market exposures, liability insurance risks, and interest volatility. ...

Introduction

The present report delves into the expansion of Carrefour, a leading multinational retailer in the world, into the United Kingdom retail market. The first part of the report describes both the micro and macro environmental factors, which this multinational retailer ought to take into consideration to reduce its risk of failure in the UK market. The second section explains how the UK government policies on mergers and acquisitions can have an impact on Carrefour’s growth strategies in the United Kingdom. The third part elucidates how Carrefour’s management can utilize Kurt Lewin change model of unfreezing, change, and ...

Introduction

For many years, financial crises have been pervasive. According to Collardi (2012), the frequency of occurrence of financial crises in the recent decades has doubled the occurrence during the Bretton Woods Period and the Gold Standard Era. Nevertheless, the occurrence of the 2007-2008 financial crisis came as a great surprise to many individuals. Initially, the crisis was seen as difficulties that were being experienced in the United States subprime mortgage market. This, however, spilled rapidly to the financial markets before spilling over to the real economy. This paper discusses the causes of the financial crisis and the measures that ...

The financial crisis post 2008 forced regulators to consider unconventional steps in monetary policy. At first, the US Fed used various tools in its economic arsenal to set the country on a fast growth path and to prop up the inflation numbers that would indicate an enhanced demand of goods and commodities. When everything failed, the US Fed and the Government decided to go ahead with a plan called Quantitative Easing. The plan simply consisted of buying bonds and other government securities by printing money which would introduce money into the system, keeping some other factors constant. This method ...

Volkswagen Scandal

Dear XYZ, In response to the work assigned for preparing a report on Volkswagen emission controversy, please find enclosed the detailed internal report containing my findings and recommendations pertaining to the issue. As I found, the company is going through the tough time when it is facing actions from the regulators and other agencies for violating the emission norms of the different countries. Also, there is a big blow to credibility in the eyes of customers. Concerted efforts of all the stakeholders are required to tide over the crisis. Based on the sources I referred to, the report goes ...

According to a World Health Organization (WHO), it is estimated that one-third of the world’s population doesn't have regular access to vital medicines. More than 50% of populations in parts of Africa and Asia and more especially in India where the people lack direct access to the essential and most necessary drugs. Despite the fact that India has low drug prices, only a third of the population has access to essential medicines, and even fewer people would have access to these drugs with the introduction of pharmaceutical patents. Access to medication is a fundamental right for every human ...

Recently, China has recorded a remarkable growth in its economy of nearly 10% per year. The bulk of this growth comes from the banking sector characterized by poor asset quality, low capitalization, and massive state intervention. For this reason, the government introduced sweeping changes to the financial sector to boost its stability. These changes included transforming the banking sector from a policy-driven, state-owned, non-performing system to a profit-driven, multi-ownership, competitive system. Although the sector has recorded marked improvements in its operation and efficiency, additional efforts is needed to deal with problems revolving around non-performing loans and shadow banking. The ...

Identify different users of accounting information and discuss the varying information needs of these users.

Users of accounting information are both - internal & external to the company in question. Internal users are the primary users of accounting information. They are company managers, employees and proprietors. Managers make use of the accounting information for analysis purpose regarding the company’s output and ranking so that suitable measures could be taken for bettering company performance. Next-in-line internal stakeholders are company employees. Their information needs are different from that of company managers. They use company information for measuring the earnings made by the company and deriving results thereof for relating with their future income and job safety; ...

Introduction

The technique of high-frequency trading has been around for years, but especially close attention and a new surge of interest in it arose after the sensational release in May 2010 of the book by Michael Lewis “Flash Boys”. In fact, it is hard to call high-frequency trading methodology a revolutionary or even new. Although now, talking about it, everyone remembers high-performance computers and automatic programs with elements of artificial intelligence, but if to leave these technological “tricks” and the terms out of the brackets, everything becomes much easier. Actually, we are dealing with a business model, when using a ...

The term global finance describes the existence of a financial system that comprises of regulators and institutions that perform various financial transactions on an international front. By definition, the term does not constitute institutions and regulators that act on local and regional capacities. Instead, its primary components include huge financial institutions such as the IMF and a series of national agencies and federal departments. These agencies and departments include finance ministries, federal banks, and multinational private financial organizations. Contrarily, banking refers to the corporate activity of receiving and protecting private money as well as offering financial credit to earn ...