Essays on Colorectal Cancer

Nielsen (2016) submitted an abstract titled Improvements of colorectal cancer screening by development and implementation blood-based biomarker concepts to the 14th Annual Conference on Translational Medicine and Oncologists Meet which was held in San Francisco, United States of America starting on the 28th day to the 30th day of November, 2016. The theme which the conference was based was cancer could be treated if it was detected. This resonates with the increased push for increased screening for colorectal cancer, the theme upon which my project is based. Nielsen (2016) presents the use of biomarker concepts that are based on ...

Introduction, Background, and Purpose

Power is more relational than absolute. Power relates to the degree of control that one exercises over outcomes, resources, actions, and process. The power can either be formal or informal. The formal power is the leeway that one is given through the rules of the organization in which he works to influence the course of certain elements in that organization. This is legitimate power afforded to a worker to enable them to deliver their mandate. Illegitimate power is different from the legitimate authority because unlike in the former case, the illegitimate power lacks authority. Nonetheless, it can be significantly ...

Introduction

The learning of a phenomenon requires the exploration of a variety of sources of information. The human personnel can be a source of specific information on certain aspect. For instance, interviewing a professional can help gather information on certain key aspects of the profession or a subject matter related to the profession. The interest in this paper is in the guidelines for the screening of colorectal cancer as a policy issue. To complement the secondary sources of information, this paper benefits from information gathered from an interview performed on the sixth day of July, 2016. The interviewee was Alison ...

Age: 75 years

Medical Record No: 66543N History and physical examination conducted: June 21, 2016 Source: The patients presents his own medical history and is a reliable source Chief Complain presented: Abdominal pain The History of the Present Illness Past medical history The patient presents with diabetes diagnosed 10 years ago, that is well controlled with Metoprolol medication. He also presents with depression and the patient uses Prozac medication for depression management. Mr. X had been previously hospitalized in 2010 due to MI and cardiac catheterization was done therefore, the patient present with a positive history of surgery.

Social history

Family history The patient ...

Colorectal cancer can be treated to remission when it is detected early. This underscores the importance of screening for colorectal cancer (Miller et al., 2011). There is an increased incentive for screening for colorectal cancer considering that colorectal cancer ranks fourth among the top causes death for non-cutaneous cancers and an even higher second rank when all cancers are considered. Even with these incentives for compliance with screening protocols, Miller et al., (2011) finds that the compliance rates are still low and attributes it to several factors. These findings that are corroborated by Hernandez, Chowdhury, Fleming & Griffith, (2011) who ...

The Translation Science Project

The current translation project focuses on colorectal cancer. The translation science project is a contribution to the efforts towards the improvement of the compliance with the screening protocol of colorectal cancer for Latin America patients aged between 50 and 70 years in a community health setting in Miami-Dade. The proposed project’s objective will help to determine how health care staff utilizes evidence-based practices (EBP) CRC screening protocol to improve compliance among Latin population aged 50 to 70 years old. In this project, the population of interest will consist of Latin American patients aged between 50 to 70 years ...

Article Review

Brenner, H., Chang-Claude, J., Seller, C. M., Rickert, A., & Hoffmeister, M. (2011). Protection From Colorectal Cancer After Colonoscopy: A Population-Based, Case-Control Study. Ann Intern Med, 22-30.

Introduction

The article, Protection from Colorectal Cancer after Colonoscopy, by Herman Brenner, Jenny Chang-Claude, Christoph M. Seller, Alexander Rickert and Michael Hoff Meister, seeks to define the relation between risk of Colorectal Cancer and previous colonoscopy. Colorectal Cancer, CRC, is common in both men and women; it is common in women than men. There are more than 1 million cases of CRC worldwide, and it claims more than 500,000 deaths annually (Brenner, Chang-Claude, ...

Brief information, risk factors and symptoms

Colon cancer, that is also known as colorectal, is a type of cancer that starts from rectum or colon. As any other type of cancer, colon cancer is characterized by uncontrolled growing cells of the body. This type of cancer usually starts with a polyp – a kind of growth on the inner lining of the rectum or colon. However, it is important to know that not all polyps change into cancer, though some of them might do it after several years. The chances that a polyp will become cancer after some, depends on the type of polyps. There are ...

Dr. 1

Define the term probiotic. (Make sure you include the three components of this definition and use your own words—DO NOT copy the statement from the slide).

Probiotic is a term used to define microorganisms that are believed to have health benefits to humans when consumed.

When did the NIH human microbiome project begin and what were its two major objectives? NIH human microbiome project began in the year 2005. Its two major objectives are to identify microbes present human body and identify their role in human health and disease

Which different mechanisms were suggested through which microbiota may contribute to colorectal cancer?

Microbiome can contribute to colorectal cancer by the production of toxic and genotoxic bacterial metabolites that can lead to mutations by binding specific cell surface receptors and affect ...

Learner's Full Name

Assignment Title Effects of Cigarette Smoking and Cancer Rates Smoking is injurious to health and causes numerous deaths every year. In the United States along lung cancer mortality rates have been estimated to be around 100 men per 100000 aged between 50 and 54 (.Numerous research articles, funded studies and an extensive body of epidemiological data links cigarette smoking to a wide variety of cancers. Long time smokers have been found to suffer from cancers of the lung, head and neck, urinary tract, pancreas and the bladder. Other studies on smoking related cancers have also found that smoking can ...

Purpose

The purpose of this research is to analyze the core reasons, which lead to the development of colorectal cancer among African Americans compared to individuals of different racial and ethnical background. The focus on social and personal criteria will allow finding the determinants of higher risk of the given type of cancer among this particular group. The purpose of this paper is to present a proposal for an evidence-based project about connection of social and racial affiliation with a higher risk for colorectal cancer.

Background

Since cancer is ranked among the most serious illnesses of modern times, there are numerous ...

Identify and describe a theory from nursing or from another discipline that provides the framework for your Evidence Based Practice proposal (Low income African Americans have higher risk for colorectal cancer). Explain your rationale for picking this theory. 

Statistics

For the modern civilized world, colorectal cancer is quite prevalent type of cancer and is the fourth largest among the others types of cancers. Every year in the global database 800 new cases of the disease are recorded, half of which are fatal. Interestingly, about 133 thousand of the victims are residents of the United States of America (American Canser Society, ...

Introduction

Cancer affects the body’s most basic unit, the cell. Normally, cells grow and divide to form new cells. When cells grow old, they die to make room for new ones and new cells grow only when the body needs them. However sometimes the old cells do not die or new cells are produced when not needed by the body they form tumors. Tumors can be either benign or malignant (National Cancer Institute, 2011). and organs.

Slide 2

Benign tumors are non-cancerous and when removed they do not grow back. Malignant tumors are cancerous and most instances life threatening. When malignant ...

I liked one topic sentence towards the end of the essay, where you aptly set the focus of the paragraph. Consider this: “Another health risk of eating pork meat is due to its association with many epidemic diseases.” Here, you clearly tell the readers what you would discuss in the paragraph, that is, diseases caused due to eating pork. This supports your view/position against eating pork.

Now, let us consider the last sentence of the introduction as the thesis: “To determine that pork is healthy to eat one must examine the different between pork meat and other ...

Cancer antigen 125 (CA125), which is encoded by MUC16, is the only biomarker currently used for immunohistochemical diagnosis of ovarian cancer (Tanyi and Scholler 1098). Literature suggests that 80% of the patients with ovarian cancer express CA125. The expression pattern is different among the different kinds of ovarian cancer; 85% in serous ovarian cancer, 12% in mucinous cancer and 40% in clear cell carcinoma (Tanyi and Scholler 1098; Kaspar and Crum 44), which helps in differential diagnosis.

Differential diagnosis among various types of ovarian cancer. There are five types of primary ovarian ...

The elderly population, beyond the age of 65 has tremendously increased, and current projections indicate that this population will continually increase in the coming years. The healthcare settings have not gone free of these changing demographics, and there has been a need to develop policies that cut across all healthcare settings to facilitate quality care for the aging population (Bennett & Flaherty-Robb, 2003). Different literatures have addressed the issue of care for the elderly population in various ways. While many recommendations exist at technical level, the primary idea is that the healthcare sector needs to adopt policies that facilitate quality ...

Introduction

The academic language symbolizes the school language demands. This language consists of the language that is used on tests, in classrooms, textbooks, and in each discipline. Every form of communication has its functions, and neither is advanced than the other. A number of academic writing seeks to convey new information as well as discussing the existing ideas. Scientific writing is not different. In particular, the scientists should be in a position to present their data. What’s more, the scientists must explain what their data means in the study and the broader context of the scientific studies. To realize their ...

Introduction

Most of the world’s chronic diseases are preventable by long term dietary behavior. Out of the ten major causes of deaths for Americans, diet is a contributing factor to at least five of them. These diseases are such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer and diabetes. A report by the Joint World Health Organization on diet made in 2003 revealed that, most of the world’s chronic diseases can be prevented by regular physical exercise and maintenance of a healthy weight. This finding is valid up to date. According to this report, a person’s genome determined their susceptibility to disease while external ...

Colorectal cancer is one of the malignant diseases that claim a lot of deaths across the globe. Though causes of cancer are unknown, research believes that there is a strong link between cancer cells and the standards of nutrition (Jun, 2013, p.145). In addition, one’s heritage and lineage contributes to an individual’s risk to developing cancer cells. This means that nutritional factors can prohibit or stimulate the growth of colorectal cancer. Thus, it is evident that dietary habits and heretical genes are the key components in enhancing the colorectal carcinogenesis. It is crucial to not that cancer has become a leading ...

Colorectal cancer, which is also commonly known as colon cancer is the second leading cause of cancer related deaths in the US. According to statistics retrieved from the centers for disease control, approximately 100,000 new cases of colon cancer are detected every year. The incidence of colon cancer is observed more commonly in patients that belong to higher socioeconomic background. Furthermore, colon cancer is most commonly detected in patients who are 50 years or older (CDC.gov). It was observed that approximately 49000 deaths occur annually on account of colon cancer. The death rate for colon cancer has been ...

(Author)

Abstract

Colon is the part of the large intestine and its cancer is one of the important problems of modern society. Several factors can result in the development of colonic cancer. These factors may include non-modifiable types of risk factors as for example growing age, gender, race or ethnicity, and hereditary factors, and modifiable types of risk factors as for example obesity, poor diets, tobacco use, alcohol intake, reduced physical activity and sedentary life. Sedentary behavior is an important risk factor for modern life. It can result in obesity, insulin problems, and diabetes, which are found to be involved ...

(Author)

Abstract

Diabetes is a disease in which glucose levels are elevated to a huge amount in the body. More than 25 million people having 20 years of age and more than 20 years in the U.S. are found to have diabetes that is three times more than the number of patients in 1980. Scientists have found that diabetes can result in increased chances of developing colonic cancer equally in men and women (Sun & Kashyap, 2011). Different mechanisms such as hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, central adiposity, increased growth factors, hyperglycemia, and several luminal factors have been proposed that are involved in the development ...

Technology has led to efficiency in the health care industry. This technology continues to expand due to high investment in research and development in health care. As the technology improves, so will there be more job opportunities for practitioners. New careers will materialize as people handle technology in affecting the health care (Fett, 2006). Technology has given a major boost in quickly gathering medical records since they can rely on the computer system. The computer system enables the review of patients’ records and scheduling of appointments as well as administration of treatment. There have been significant innovations in the field ...

Colon or colorectal cancer (CRC), as it is commonly known is the second leading cause of cancer associated deaths in the US (National Cancer Institute, 2013). The power point presentation highlights the various evidence based practices that can be presented and used by nurses for the care of CRC patients. The author has also utilized universal nursing language terminology (NIC and NOC) pertinent to management and care of CRC. Nurses can participate in or provide one the following evidence-based practices relevant to care of colorectal cancer patients. These include education, screening, treatment and follow up care. Nurses can ...

Colorectal cancer is a condition caused by an uncontrolled tumor growth in the colon or rectum that often causes symptoms like rectal bleeding, uncontrolled weight loss, or anemia. It is a serious public health problem because it accounts for 9.4 percent of all health cases and 7.9 percent of disease mortality cases worldwide (Vainio & Miller, 2003). Vainio and Miller (2003) indicate that colorectal cancer is mainly prevalent in North America, Europe, Australia, and New Zealand while Africa and Asia have lower incidences of colorectal cancer, which suggests environmental conditions significantly predict colorectal cancer rates. Primary preventions in public health rely ...

Colorectal cancer has become the second leading cause of deaths related to cancer in U.S. among cancers affecting women and men. People past fifty years of age should be screened for cancer regularly using the stipulated methods. The article estimates the rate of use of different tests of colorectal cancer and also evaluates changes in use of test by comparing data from 2002, 2003, and 2006 surveys on Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance system (BRFSS). It was found that the respondents’ proportion aged fifty and above who reported the use of fecal occult blood testing (FOBT) and sigmoidoscopy had generally ...

WHI Trial (Writing Group for the WHI Investigators; JAMA)

What was the main objective of the WHI study? Assesment of the most commonly used combined hormone preparation in the US for health benefits and risks When and why was the subject enrollmentstopped early (specific statistical reason)? After 5.2 years. This was due to harm from the breast cancer.

What was the design of the trial?

16608 postmenopausal women underwent the study over 8.5 years

Who monitored the “double-blind” data? How often?

Safety monitoring board.Monitored semiannually.

How many women: screened, randomized, assigned to either arm?

373092 – Screened, 16606 – Randomized, 8506 – Estrogen, 8102- Placebo Why was the dose of E 0.625 mg/day and P 2.5 mg/day in a single tablet chosen?

Highest amount without damaging the subjects

Why was an “intact uterus” necessary for entry ...

Abstract

Cancer is an abnormal condition characterized by uncontrolled proliferation and spread of cells, such as in the colon, rectum, lung, breast and prostate. Cancer is caused by both external risk factors (physical inactivity, obesity, and radiation and chemicals exposure) and internal factors (innate mutations, and immune and hormonal aberrations). Cancer can remain dormant for ten years following contagion for it to manifest itself. Cancer is managed through surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy-where various drugs are used. Cancer death rate shows a disparity since higher deaths are reported in populations of low socioeconomic status than the well-off populace. Cancer infections also show ...

When someone is obese, it means that he or she has accumulated so much fat in the body that it negatively affects their health. A Body Mass Index of between 25 and 29.9 is considered over weight. If the BMI is 30 and above, then the person is obese. Childhood obesity occurs when the weight of a child is above normal for his or her age and height. This exposes them to health problems such as diabetes, high levels of cholesterol and high blood pressure. Childhood obesity is a serious public health problem in Australia and globally. It has increased at ...

Caner care and the complications of chemotherapy have always created concerns in the nursing profession. Arguments have been that these complications are preventable since evidence based research has discovered strategies to limit burns and other adverse effects of the treatment. The following pages of this document present a case study of a patient suffering from chemotherapy complication. A synthesis of evidence based research interventions that have been recommended as prophylactic measures will be advanced as an appropriate nursing care is designed for this patient.

Mr. John was diagnosed with colorectal cancer and agreed to surgery. Adjuvant Chemotherapy was prescribed after surgery ...

Overconsumption of Sucrose and Fructose may contribute to certain types of Cancer 1. Introduction Though it is hard to establish, the link between cancer and glucose does exist. This is especially disturbing given the fact that the link between diabetes and glucose has been of particular interest to the science community for the past three decades. The bottom line is that most of the problematic cum chronic illnesses in the world today are to a large extent lifestyle diseases. In fact, research has advanced to the extent that the link between strains of diabetes and those of cancer ...

MicroRNAs are small, single-stranded, non-coding, 16–29 nucleotide RNA molecules comprising of an evolutionarily conserved class of endogenous ribo-regulators that regulate gene expression (Wiemer, 2007; Garzon et al., 2009). They were discovered in 1993 in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans (Espinosa & Slack, 2006). Currently, 4167miRNAs are listed in the miRNA registry and 474 human miRNAs have been identified (Wiemer, 2007). MicroRNAs are crucial for the development of vertebrates due to the fact that depletion of the components of the miRNA processing pathway, or interfering with maturation of miRNAs, is not compatible with life (Wiemer, 2007). The miRNA ...

MicroRNAs are small, single-stranded, non-coding, 16–29 nucleotide RNA molecules (approximately 22 nucleotides in length) comprising of an evolutionarily conserved class of endogenous ribo-regulators that regulate (modulate) gene expression (Wiemer, 2007, p.1529; Zhang et al., 2006, p.9136; Garzon et al., 2009, p.168). They were discovered in 1993 in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans (Espinosa & Slack, 2006, p.131). Currently, 4167 miRNAs are listed in the miRNA registry and 474 human miRNAs have been identified (Wiemer, 2007, p.1530).

The miRNA genes are dispersed across the genome in gene clusters or as single genes. At least 50% of the miRNA genes are ...

Betancourt, J.R., Green, A.R., Carrillo, J.E., & Ananeh-Firempong, O. (2003). Defining cultural competence: a practical framework for addressing racial/ethnic disparities in health and health care. Public Health Reports 118: 293.

Betancourt et al. (2003) chose to study the effects of certain interventions in health care to dispel racial and ethnic disparities that are accepted to occur within the healthcare system. The objective is to ultimately find a framework that equalizes and eliminates these disparities; the researchers hypothesize that a framework of their devising could address these disparities and implement equitable health care regardless of ethnicity or race. A literature review was conducted ...

Cancer is a disease that mostly affects the cells. It is often characterized by out of control cell growth. There are different types of cancer that are grouped by the cells they affect. It is a terminal disease that has no cure but can be controlled and prevented. If cancer is recognized early enough, then the diseases can be controlled from its initial stages before it spreads to the other body parts. Cancer as a disease is very expensive to treat not forgetting it is a terminal illness. Cancer as a disease will affect the body by forming lumps or tumours when the damaged ...

DNA and cancer treatment

Wade, N. (2010). Speed-reading of DNA may help cancer treatment. Retrieved on June 7, 2011, from The Johns Hopkins University has initiated a method of investigating the progress of a patient’s cancer treatment by means of modern technology for rapid succession, or decoding, huge quantities of DNA. The author in this article states clearly that individuals have a unit account of the DNA within their mitochondria, which are the several energy stores inside each cell. It states that apart form the mutations or modifications, in DNA present in cancer patients, even health individuals are known to have differences in ...

Introduction

Shift work is basically any work outside the normal daylight hours and may differ from one work place to another. Given that up to 25% of the American population encounters shift work at some point in their career the subject of shift work has attracted a plethora of research especially with regard to the health implication of shit work[ CITATION Occ10 \l 1033 ]. There is a growing body of knowledge implicating shift work for on-job injuries and catastrophes, disruption of families and societal fabric, pathological conditions of both physiological and psychological nature. Of particular interest to this review are the health ...