Essays on Rays

Discussion

Post#3: The high added sugar content in snacks, beverages and baby food is a critical health issue, worldwide. The three articles I retrieved from different sources showed the similar information on packaged food that is highlighted in my first post. One article by Chai et al. of Global News cited the quote of Dr. Hammond, “Canadian kids consume 33 tablespoons of sugar” (Chai et al.). According to this, the major concern related to this sugar consumption is the extra supply of sugar to the body that may lead to obesity and other health problems. Another article authored by Puzic ...

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Neutron Stars: The ‘Death’ of a Death Star

Introduction: Neutron stars are dense, compact masses of subatomic particles (called ‘fermions’) compressed by great gravitational forces (Reisenegger 1). They are classified into three groups: the radio pulsars, which are rotating neutron stars that are predictable pulsators of radio waves due to its fast (Landau n. p.; Reisenegger 2) although sometimes slow (Fuller, et al. 1) rotation; magnetars, which neutron stars with the strongest magnetic fields in the universe and violently burst high-energy X-ray and gamma rays (Landau n. p.); nonrotating binary neutron stars, which are emitters of x-rays (Reisenegger 3); and PSR ...

Reflection and Refraction of Light

REFLECTION: Reflection of light is the change of direction that light experiences when it collides with an object and "bounces." The reflection of light makes it possible to see objects that do not emit their light . There are several applications of the reflection. One example is the "The Laugh House" of an amusement park, the person will probably see a very distorted image in a curved mirror. Similar deformations occur in the concavity of a shiny spoon or on the polished surfaces of a coffee machine or a car. Images look different due to irregular surface curvature; They have ...

Raman spectroscopy is dependent on scattering of light. When light interacts with matter, energy exchange can take place through absorption, simulated emission, Raman scattering or spontaneous emission. In Raman scattering, the emitted photons have less energy and lower frequency in comparison with the absorbed photons. Some energy of the emitted photons is transferred to the molecules. Raman spectroscopy is a method which collects the chemical fingerprints associated with molecules. Every molecule has different levels of vibrational energy and the emitted photons experience shift in their wavelengths. The wavelength shifts are collected,examined and analyzed for sample identification. Raman spectroscopy ...

CT scanning is a medical process that uses accurate x-rays in medical imaging of organs inside the body. The process is fast, accurate and can detect internal injuries, diseases, and hemorrhage. CT scanning involves producing images in different planes including 3-D, which can then be observed on a computer screen, in print or copied to a DVD. This method is more favorable than traditional x-rays because it is more detailed and can be easily manipulated by a physician. CT scanning provides excellent details of internal body organs, bones, soft body tissues, and blood vessels. CT scans can diagnose conditions ...

Cancer is one of the most common causes of death worldwide. Every year, various types of cancer kill millions of people. The problem of cancer disease is unique because of its complexity and importance to humankind. Cancers affect all segments of the population, causing enormous damage to society. Although malignant tumors are extremely diverse and complex for the perception, the risk factors and mechanisms of development of cancer are well known enough so that it becomes possible not only to heal, but also to engage in cancer prevention. Cancer is the most difficult and dangerous disease, since it can ...

Global Warming Phenomenon

The issue of global warming has been a critical problem across the entire world due to the effects associated with this condition. Global warming is caused by the increase in Earth's temperatures due to the effect of greenhouse gases. The greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide emitted from burning of fossil fuels like coal, oil, and natural gas to provide energy are responsible for trapping heat and preventing it from escaping from the Earth’s atmosphere. Human activities like cutting down trees and burning forests for farming activities has been attributed to the emission of greenhouse gases that are ...

Philosophy of the Enlightenment. The Ideas of Francis Bacon and their comparison to those of René Descartes. Francis Bacon is considered to be the major prophet of the Scientific Revolution. At the age of twelve Bacon went to study at He went to Trinity College, Cambridge at the age of twelve, got a lawyer education later on. He proceeded to a political career hoping to advance his ideas. He was a member of the House of Commons and knighted during the reign of King James I, although during that of Queen Elizabeth he was neglected by her. Bacon was ...

Radiology, without which it is impossible to imagine modern medicine, was born with the discovery of the penetrating radiation made by German physicist Roentgen. This industry has largely contributed to the development of medical diagnostics. As any other industry, its development was revolutionary and has been infuenced by modern technologies. Today, X-ray diagnostics gets a new development. Using age-old experience of traditional radiographic techniques and armed with new digital technologies, X-ray diagnostics is still a leader in diagnostic medicine. In 1894 German physicist Roentgen (1845 - 1923) launched an experimental study of electrical discharges in the glass vacuum tubes. ...

Question 1: Definition of Environmental Sustainability

The aspect of sustainability entails the ability to carry on a defined practice or behavior for an indefinite period. Sustainability is an emerging concept that is often associated with the environment. According to the United Nations, the sustainability of the environment entails the development that satisfies the requirements of the current population without interfering with the interests of the future generations. Most environmental organizations such as the National Environmental Health Commission (NEHA) and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) concur with the definition provided by the United Nations. However, EPA’s definition includes the need to identify the benefits and ...

Achievements in the study of the basic properties of X-rays rightfully belong to the German scientist Wilhelm Conrad Rontgen. Amazing properties of X-rays, immediately received a huge response in the scientific world. Several experiments proved that it is an electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength of 8-10 cm, which occupies an intermediate position between ultraviolet and gamma waves. X-rays have great penetrating power, which depends on the wavelength, the density and thickness of the layer of the irradiated material. X-rays have an effect on living organisms. This radiation can be a catalyst for some photochemical reactions and X-rays can ionize ...

Aviation terrorism is the act of unleashing violence on airliners with the aim to harm or intimidate the victims. The occurrence of terrorism has increased with the rise of aviation as a mode of transport. The first known incident of air terrorism was carried out in 1930 by Peruvian insurgents who hijacked an airplane to scatter propaganda leaflets. This practice subsided in the subsequent two decades due to the effect of global factors such as world war two. Modern terrorism started in 1968 when three Palestinian gunmen hijacked a passenger airline of the Israeli Airline El Al on a ...

This research is about radiation exposure to pregnant females. Pregnant females are often exposed to radiation from medical equipment such as X-Ray machines, security scanners, hazards from nuclear facilities, and other equipment in the workplace. There has been raising concerns as to whether radiation has any impact on pregnant females. While some argue radiation is harmful, some people believe radiation has no impact. This paper will review evidence gathered from previous investigations. The paper will discuss radiation and its impacts on the pregnant females. The paper will conclude with a summary of the findings. Radiation can be classified as ...

Ecological service is the process by which the environment within which we live provides us with the reliable resources that are necessary for the human survival in the habitat within which they are situated. The availability of such resources in the environment such as clean air, clean water, food and any other materials that are necessary for the entire survival of the human race in their habitat is what the concept of ecological services entail. The assessments of ecological services include the ways in which purification of air is done, maintenance of the entire biodiversity process, decomposition of waste ...

Abstract

Global warming is a process of increase of the temperature of Earth's atmosphere and global ocean. Scientists have identified: uncontrolled emissions and other irresponsible human behavior has caused the steady climate change that could alter the planet completely. Governments and peoples of the developed countries of the world have recognized the danger of a global catastrophe. The aim of this work is the disclosure of the problems of global warming, the explanation of the causes of global warming, its characteristic features in particular regions and the effects which may be dangerous for humanity in a not far future, a ...

Question 1

Spectrometry would indeed be a good analytical tool since it will help in distinguishing the different compounds in the powder. In such a case, the best type of spectroscopy would be infrared spectrometry and mass spectrometry. Infrared spectroscopy is a vital analytical tool to identify controlled substances. Infrared light is passed on the unknown substance. As the sample absorbs the infrared radiation, an infrared spectrum results, which is a series of peaks and valleys ("Physical Evidence Handbook Drug Identification Unit", 2016). Each substance in the compound results in a highly accurate infrared spectrum. The spectrum of the unknown elements ...

Abstract

The uses of radiation revolutionized medicine when experimentation on its potential applications begun. X-Ray technology, discovered by Wilhem Roentgen, is currently used as a common tool for diagnostics; Henri Becquerel, Marie Curie and Pierre Curie dedicated themselves to further investigations in the field, discovering additional radioactive materials (polonium and radium); radiation therapy is a popular treatment for cancer. This paper analyzes the historical background behind these two applications of radiation in the medical field. Moreover, the different types of radiotherapy are described (external-beam radiation therapy, internal radiation therapy). The concept of radiation homeostasis, which is the notion that low-dose ...

Ultraviolet light (UV light) is a type of electromagnetic radiation that is located between visible light and X-rays in the electromagnetic spectrum. It is invisible to the human eye, and has a frequency greater than that of visible light but lesser than X-rays. It has a wavelength ranging from about 10 nm to 400 nm (ISO, 2007). UV light is a part of the radiation that comes from the sun. It can also be produced artificially by electric arcs, black lights, tanning lamps and mercury vapor lamps. The name Ultraviolet literally translates to “beyond violet”, as it has a ...

Step 1: Story of Race

The rationalization of non-European people and some European population, such as the Irish served a primary purpose of differentiating individuals within a population. Individuals within a group set are different from the others. Thus, the concept of rationalization acts as a tool to bring out the different categories that are present in our population. Eugenics was an idea suggested by Plato that was inclined towards the sustenance and uprising of superior human beings with regards to their genetic traits. Plato suggested the practice of selective mating. This is where individuals with superior characteristics would be paired, and sterilization of ...

Protection of Ozone Layer

Ozone layer refers to natural gas in the upper part of the atmosphere and is made up of three oxygen atoms. It prevents harmful effects of the ultraviolet rays from harming humans and other organisms on the planet. It is normally found in the stratosphere. However, research and studies reveal that there is a gradual depletion of the ozone layer. Ozone layer can be protected through international and domestic action. For instance, there should be a restriction of imports or exports, and manufacturing of chemicals that will deplete the ozone layer. This can be easily attained by registration and ...

Thesis

America should have sounded a warning to people of Hiroshima and Nagasaki before the attacks, explaining the potential impact of the atomic bombs to reduce casualties.

Introduction

In August 1945, America dropped two atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, killing a total of 129,000 people. The two incidences remain the only known uses of atomic and nuclear bombs in history. The events brought to an end the World War II that had been going on for close to a decade. Paul Tibbets was the pilot of the plane that dropped the two bombs, and up to his death in ...

When people look at the Statue of Liberty, they see a large effigy of a woman wearing a crown, holding a torch up towards the heavens and standing with a broken chain at her feet. Stationed on Liberty Island, which is located in New York City’s New York Harbor, the Statue of Liberty has captivated the imagination of millions since it was opened to the public on October 28, 1886. There have been many interpretations as to what this larger-than-life monument constructed out of copper iron actually symbolizes. What can be seen when looking at the evidence is ...

Abstract

In this experiment, benzene was treated with hydrogen in the presence of Pt/SiO2 as an example that can be applied on industrial operations to show that the most recently modernized methods of neutron total scattering that cover a wide Q-range allow the use of appropriate catalytic chemistry that can be measured on time domain to probe directly on site the hydrogenation of benzene within the catalyst pore. Based on this method, it is possible to study the rates of reaction on length scales that can provide measurements equivalent to the size of an atom or a nanometre. Furthermore, the ...

Radiography can be defined as the science of making film records from X-rays, also known as radiographs of the human body’s internal anatomy, by exposing a film that has been sensitized to electromagnetic radiation to the body. It is with these photographs that a record is made out of the findings which are used for examination in the diagnostic processes (Hertrich, 2005). It was formally referred as ‘plain’ X-rays but was switched to the use of electromagnetic radiation because it is the suitable general term that covers the other types of medical imaging like ultrasound. Radiography is usually ...

Introduction

Global warming affects the lives of the people all around the world regardless of geographical location. Global Warming is a consequence of human activities and decisions that are mostly governed by self-interest and material gain. Therefore, as the population in different areas continues to increase, competition to obtain life’s necessities intensifies. In turn, the destructive activities of humans continue to contribute to of Global Warming. According to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Global Warming is defined as the rising average temperature of the surface of the Earth increases due to emissions resulting from different human activities, ...

Global warming refers to a system of climate changes that are responsible for causing an increase in the average temperature of the lower atmosphere which affects the average thermal gradient of the Earth. Global warming may have a great variation among the causes, but it is most principally associated with human interference, specifically with the release of excessive amounts of greenhouse gases”. The most popular and common definition of the global warming is “Warming caused by human activity.” (Weather Street) There are several gases in the Earth’s atmosphere which are responsible for the increase in the global temperature ...

Chapter 1 – Introduction to Color Study

1. What is the difference between direct light and reflected light? Give examples of each. Direct light travels from the source to the destination without being interrupted while reflected light is the light produced when the direct light bounces off a material. One example of direct light is the sunlight while reflection from the mirror is an example of reflected light (Young, Freedman & Ford, pp. 1080). 2. Describe the cause of color, the means used to generate it, and the effect. Light consists of a spectrum of light wavelengths which have a representative color; thus, upon reaching the retina ...

The ozone is a layer of gasses in the stratosphere that protects life on Earth against ultraviolet rays from the sun (Aggarwal et al., 1). Anthropogenic activities leading to the emission of nitrous oxide and chlorofluorocarbons can result in the destruction of the ozone layer. Organohalogens also contributes to the destruction of the ozone layer (Lee, 858). The depletion leads to secondary ozone layer close to the ground called terrestrial ozone layer that is responsible for the degrading effects on humans, plants, and their environment. In the article published on August 27, 2009, on the New York Times, Dean ( ...

Introduction about the Company

Honeywell is one of the globally leading US-based conglomerates, with earning revenue of $23.65 billion, as per 2001 available figures. It has numerous products, used in multiple areas of different industry segments and production facilities in all corners of the world. Aerospace is Honeywell’s leading industry segment where its experience of the line benefits the customers all around the world. Otherwise, Honeywell’s technology product range is quite varied. It is a leader in the manufacturing of technology products. Customers around the globe depend on Honeywell for its aerospace control technologies used in towers, houses and industry; automotive ...

Introduction

Lung cancer is a deadly form tumor that advances in the chest cavity. It is the leading cause of cancer deaths among both men and women in the United States. Due to the severity of respiratory complications posed by this medical complication, early diagnosis and treatment is essential. The discussion below is aimed to create enlightenment on the development and treatment of cancer. It also focuses on the current researches about this complication and outlines some of the proposed treatment approaches. For a fact, early diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer is essential since lack thereof results in death.

Symptoms

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INTRODUCTION

The given study involves a 25-year old girl who has met with an accident and fell off the bike on a mountain her right side, while jumping over a curb and presents with a significantly large abrasion and ecchymotic area on the right thigh. She reports to have been wearing her helmet and no loss of consciousness and absence of any swelling. The patient may be evaluated and diagnosed for occurrence of musculoskeletal disorder for pain in her hip, arms and thigh.

ANATOMICAL COMPONENTS OF THE MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM

The musculoskeletal system comprises of bones, muscles, joints, and the other connective tissue constituents combining these structures . ...

Introduction (can be more than one paragraph if you want, but the thesis should still come towards the end of the introduction)

Hook

Global warming has been affecting the lives of the people in all areas around the world regardless of the country’s geographical location. The effects of Global Warming are consequences of man’s activities and decisions that are governed by their personal interests and gains. Therefore, as the population in different areas continue to increase, the competition in obtaining life necessities also heightens, and the number and intensity of destructive activities of man continue to worsen the ...

Question 1:

Ernest Rutherford is sometimes referred to as the “Father of Radioactivity”. Rutherford made many contributions to research into radioactivity and the nature of an atom. Outline his contributions. Rutherford contributed greatly towards the experimenting, studying and understanding of radioactivity, and the atom. His initial contribution was the discovery and definition of the electron. The Nobel laureate proposed the Rutherford atom model that replaced the Thompson model. This provided an excellent basis for future work into the studying of atoms, as well as, their physical and chemical properties. He was involved in research aimed at splitting the atom leading to ...

Ernest Rutherford and his contribution in radioactivity

Ernest Rutherford is termed as the Father of Radioactivity and nuclear science. Rutherford, who born in 1871 and passed on in 1937, discovered alpha and beta rays. He set forth the law of radioactive decay, identified the alpha particles as helium nuclei. Rutherford postulated the nuclear structure of an atom. His contribution to Radioactivity came from an experiment he demonstrated by firing alpha particles into gas atoms where few particles were seen to deflect. This implied a dense, positively changed central region of an atom contained an atomic mass (Dardo, 2004). Figure 1. Top: expected results, alpha particles passing ...

Question 1

Radioactivity is the process by which unstable isotopes of elements disintegrate in the nucleus to release energy in form of gamma rays, beta radiation and alpha radiation. The disintegration occurs as a result of the stability within the cell nucleus. Some isotopes of elements have non-balancing number of the protons as compared to the neutrons, as a result of the lack of balance between the negative and the positive charges in the nucleus; the nucleus becomes unstable and disintegrates. Radioactive radiation was first discovered by Henri Becquerel in 1896 as he was working on X-ray. By then the X-ray ...

Scanning electron microscope uses a beam of electrons to form images that reveal the topography and composition of a body. Before being focused on the object, incident electrons have high amounts of kinetic energy. Incident electrons interact with the surface of the specimen, and this interaction is determined by the rate of the acceleration of the incident electrons. Energetic electrons are usually released from the surface of the sample when the incident electrons come into contact with it. The interaction results in the formation of scatter patterns that interpret into the shape, composition, size, and texture of the specimen. ...

Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. It is a term given to a series of diseases in which the cells within human body grow at an abnormal rate, thereby damaging healthy tissues . While normal cells grow and die at a specific rate according to the requirements of human body, the growth of cells is extreme when compared to the death of cells in cancerous patients. Such an abnormal growth in turn leads to tumors, which consist of a huge mass of tissues. However, in patients suffering with cancer related to the blood, there ...

English

Argumentative Paper: Should the Government Support Body Scanners in Airports The very nature of flying in an aircraft has changed since the infamous 9/11 incident, when terrorists commandeered aircraft and turned them into missiles. Since 9/11, security agencies have devised increasingly stringent measures to screen potential terrorists at airports. The latest addition to the arsenal to security agencies is body scanners, which expose passengers to X Rays or millimetric waves and obtain an image of what the passengers may be carrying below their clothes. Body scanners have come under intense debate over their efficacy, the overarching security philosophy in ...

Infrared Rays and Ultraviolet Rays

Infrared Rays Infrared (IR) rays are electromagnetic radiations with wavelengths 700nm – 1mm. Almost half of the sun’s energy is made up of infrared waves. They have frequencies of 4-7.5 *10^14 Hz, which is lower than that of visible red light. Hence, IR rays are not visible to the human eye. However, there are several animals which can see IR rays like the snake which uses infrared rays to hunt its prey. IR rays travel with the speed of light which is 300,000,000 meters/sec. IR waves are found in almost every object in the universe which ...

Question 1

Ernest Rutherford One of the contributions of Ernest Rutherford includes the discovery that the Becquerel rays consisted of two different rays (Sears, 2015). The discovery of the two rays came about after Ernest Rutherford focused his attention on actual radiations that are emitted by radioactive substances. The experiment consisted of evaluations of radiations that were emitted from successively layered sheets of aluminum placed over a uranium compound. A distinction made in the two forms of rays was their penetrating power. According to Sears (2015), to be able to distinguish between the two forms of rays, Rutherford named the easily ...

Infrared Cameras

Introduction An infrared camera is a non-contact device that detects infrared energy and converts it into a visible light display. The infrared energy is first translated into electrical impulses that are then converted into data for camera display. The image or video formed on the screen is of different colors depending on the intensity of the infrared emission. Most cameras have built-in visible light digital cameras that allow merging of infrared and visual images. There are two different types of infrared cameras; cooled cameras and uncooled cameras. The cooled infrared cameras produce superior image qualities than uncooled cameras but ...

Introduction:

Transmission electron microscope (TEM) is the type of a microscope that uses a beam of electron rather than visible light to illuminate the specimen. Besides, while light microscope uses glass lens to focus light to the specimen, TEM uses electromagnetic lenses for focusing of the electron beam. TEM has a higher resolving power than the light microscope because the electron beam it uses for illumination has a much lower wavelength than visible light. During the operation of TEM, some electrons passing through the specimen get scattered and disappear from the beam. However, the unscattered electrons reach a fluorescence screen ...

Discovery of ultraviolet light

Ultraviolet radiation is very significant in the tanning individual who are interested in making their skin look like leather as well as for vampires killing, yet it cannot be seen or else felt. The question is then, how did people discover existence the existence of ultraviolet light? Although light is comprehensively abundant when it comes from its primary source the sun, and it is tough to get hold of it because it travels at very high speed than anything else globally. Since light is subsequently insubstantial, for many years, individuals managed only to collect a few frequencies without knowing ...

Stratospheric Ozone Depletion

Ozone depletion is a natural phenomenon of the earth’s stratosphere due to the presence of free radicals that are from natural causes such as volcanic activity. However, as man evolved, he discovered his environment and built industries during the industrial revolution. These industries emitted tones of pollutants into the atmosphere, including compounds Ozone Depleting Substances. The continuous use of CFCs also contributes to the effect significantly. The worst case of ozone depletion ever recorded happened in 2006, during winter and early spring in Antarctica. That sounded a loud alarm to environmental scientists, political leaders and civil organizations come ...

Introduction

Pulmonary edema (PE) is characterized by the accumulation of fluid in the parenchyma and air spaces of the lungs. Most often PE is associated with respiratory failure and impaired gas exchange. Globally, PE is known to be characterized by two major factors, the first is associated with the injury of the lung parenchyma which is termed as non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema. The second is associated with the failure of the left ventricle of the heart to release blood from the pulmonary circulation within the system and is termed as cardiogenic pulmonary edema (Glaus, Schellenberg , and Lang. 2010). The major cause ...