Essays on Bones

One of the major public health problems and the societal concerns these days is the maltreatment of children which impacts millions of children all over the world. There are a variety of long and short-term health consequences of child abuse and neglect which leaves a long-lasting impact on the mental and social growth and development of the children. Child abuse does not just mean broken bones or bruises, it impacts the safety, physical, social, mental, emotional and educational needs of the children. Child abuse and neglect as defined by the Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act (CAPTA) of 2010, ...

Vitamins can be defined as those organic compound and nutrients that are required by humans for normal cellular function. However, humans are not able to synthesize vitamins in the prerequisite amounts which is why vitamins need to be obtained from diet (food and other food products). The normal functioning of humans is associated with adequate amount of normal functioning. Vitamins have a host of biochemical functions. For example, Vitamin D plays a key role in cellular growth/differentiation, regulation of minerals, and differentiation of some forms of vitamin A. Vitamins are the backbone of human nutrition and required during all ...

The main objective of any health care system is to provide patient care with desirable patient outcomes. Simply put, a health care system strives to promote well-being and heath status of all human beings. It is also important to note that most aspects of the healthcare focus on prevention and management of pain among patients because freedom from pain is an essential dimension of health. Additionally, pain among patients is a multidimensional phenomenon that requires a broad, integrated and a comprehensive care model (Glare et al., 2014). Many studies that have been carried out by various scholars on health ...

Minerals are natural inorganic substances that are found in rocks and soil and are considered essential components for human survival. Minerals compose an estimate 4% of the body and are necessary for normal functioning of the body. Humans are incapable of producing minerals which is why it is necessary to obtain minerals from plant and meat sources. Soil contains nearly 45% of minerals, wherein plants absorb all natural minerals which is absorbed in the human body upon consumption (Ward 2014). 18 minerals are considered essential out of the total 103 known minerals. Some of the major function so minerals ...

The number of victims directly perceivable from the crime scene is two victims – apparent from the presence of two skulls in the crime scene. Based on the clue left on the scene, it is clear that one of the victims was male. This is evidenced by the presence of male garments in the crime scene. However, it is not always true that the natural sex of a victim is in exact consistency with the gender of the victim – this is due to issues related to transgender transformations and suchlike. Therefore, it cannot be ruled out that the clothes recovered ...

It’s a bright and warm Sunday morning, and as I jog along the park's walking trail, my mind is busy with thoughts of mouth-watering sizzling steak on the grill. They say that, “Exercise helps reduce food cravings,” but that doesn’t work for me. The more I exercise, the more it triggers my appetite and the sheer thought of marvelous succulent, savory steak fueled my cravings. Sundays always give me the blues as it brings back memories of my dear Grandma who cooks the best Salisbury steak that were so good- to- the- last- bite. I grew up ...

Forensic evidence and probabilistic reasoning has recently become a significant aspect of criminal laws assessment. Consequently, this has expanded the analysis, prosecution, and hearings of the related criminal acts. However, these are accomplished in relation to forensic science evidence, which mostly entails DNA-related features produced by skilled witnesses. Therefore, it is important to ensure that every individual involved in unlawful adjudication is in a position to fully assess and comprehend forensic evidence appropriately. Concerning the provided test and assessment, there is a positive correlation of the basic features of the sampled specimen under study. As observed from the osteological ...

Introduction

One of the largest areas of the world where pastoral nomadism and irrigating agriculture had been predominant throughout the history is Central Asia. There existed a set of aspects of geography and ecology of Central Asia that influenced the emergence of pastoral nomadism and irrigation agriculture in that territory. In this paper we will attempt to explore some of the causes and effects of pastoral nomadism and irrigating agriculture in Central Asia, taking into consideration its ecological and historic settings.

Ecological reasons

First of all, let’s speak about some of ecological reasons of the appearance of pastoral nomadism and irrigating ...

The Problems of Physiotherapy

Abstract Keywords: exercise, nutrition, physiotherapy, obesity, diet. This paper will look at the effects that a lack of adequate exercise and nutrition is having on our population from the point of view of a physiotherapist. While physiotherapy is a normal part of many patients’ rehabilitation and recovery, the general lack of both exercise and healthy diet which has become a feature of many societies in developed countries has led to a situation where a stable loop is formed: people injure themselves due to a lack of exercise putting undue strain on their joints, physiotherapy is prescribed, and healing is ...

Diseases and disorders occur due to many reasons such as bacterial or viral infections, can genetically be inherited or they can be linked to nutritional deficiencies. One such disease linked with nutritional deprivation is termed as Rickets or Osteomalacia. It is an illness which has been around for many centuries and mainly affects children. However, the prevention of rickets has been made possible with research and discovering the factors which can help improve bodily health. Yet, the disease is a commonly recurring one in developing countries where infants and young children are exposed to a nutritional deficiency of Vitamin ...

Introduction

The invention and development of computers have changed many aspects of human society. Most of these changes were too revolutionary, that it is often hard to imagine a life without computers. This increasing reliance of the society towards computing technology is referred to by scholars as ‘internet of things’, a term they use to describe the interconnectedness of people and computing technologies (Gubbi, Buyya, Marusic & Palaniswami, 2013, p.1646). One of the most impacted professions in the advancement of computers is the accounting profession. In fact, computing and accounting are so related that they are often used interchangeably. For accountants, ...

Implementation plan

The problem of cancer pain amongst oncology care patients need to be given the required attention as a way of seeing to it that such individuals are able to emerge with desirable outcomes. It is important for pain alleviation programs to be put into place to make sure that such individuals are able to manage their conditions and assists them incorporate into the society. As such, it is essential that all due processes are followed to guarantee that pain alleviation amongst cancer patients is achieved. Having in place a proper implementation program will be an important step in achieving ...

Bone mineral health is critical topic in the general fitness of athletes, more so female athletes. In determining the bone mineral health, experts analyze the mineral density in bones. The bone mineral density is calculated by measuring the mineral content in one cubic centimeter of bone. The higher the bone mineral density, the healthier the bones of the involved individual are and better for an athlete. In this regard, female athletes ought to ensure that they have high bone mineral density so that they are able to able to compete effectively and put their bodies into the strenuous conditions ...

In most healthcare settings primarily in oncology care units, the patients being taken care of here are usually faced with a myriad of treatment and post-treatment problems which compromises their state of wellbeing. The fact that these patients are under intense cancer treatment process makes them experience a lot of pain which in most cases compromises the quality of their life (Ripamonti et al., 2012). Individuals battling this condition are usually affected by the pain which is influenced by different factors like physical, emotional or environmental. These factors have been established to affect the nervous system of the body ...

Once there was a dynasty in China that ruled for a long time. The achievements they made for Chinese culture were many. But then the unthinkable happened the Shang dynasty was forgotten, and to some nothing more than a myth. In 1899 the Oracle Bones were rediscovered when a man went to the pharmacy to fill a prescription for dragon bones. He bought an old bone. He realized that the scratches were not random markings and showed it to his brother in law a notable historian. The two quickly went back to the pharmacy to find out where the ...

NASA’s space program has yielded a number of spinoffs. From advances in medicine, engineering, transportation, public safety, consumer goods to other fields, NASA spinoffs have improved the quality of life for astronauts, as well as for ordinary citizens on earth (Inside 2016). One of NASA’s latest spinoff advances has been in the field of osteoporosis research and treatments (Inside 2016). NASA-inspired osteoporosis research will help prevent or minimize bone loss in future astronauts, elderly people, and even cancer patients. Already, scientists have discovered that astronauts require regular exercise and specially-formulated foods to help prevent bone loss. For ...

Osteoporosis is a debilitating disease characterised by reduced mineral density of the bones as well as the destruction of the tissues of the bones. This damage makes the bone fragile and prone to fractures. The fractures often occur in the spine, wrist, and the hip bone. The disease mostly affects the elderly individuals in the society. This paper examines the causes, diagnosis, prognosis, and osteoporosis-related psychosocial issues. Additionally, the paper is set to explore the accommodations required for an individual suffering from osteoporosis.

Causes of Osteoporosis

Loss of bone density and structure is natural in the process of ageing. However, bone loss ...

Osteomyelitis is a serious bone infection, occurring rarely, that metastasizes to the bone through the bloodstream. Additionally, surgery or open fracture can also cause the bone infection. Normally, bones do have enough resistance power to evade the infection, but the introduction of microorganisms hematogenously from surrounding structures or direct immunization concerning a surgery can trigger the disease. The persistence of infection for a long time span is referred to as chronic osteomyelitis. Studies over the years have put forward some important factors in the pathogenesis of the disease. These include immunity level of the host, type and location of ...

Abstract

The ethical and technical importance of effective, efficiently performed forensic crime scene investigation combines the use of creative thinking, with well-planned assessments and collection of evidence. When law enforcement participants function together as a team, in the engagement of utilizing standardized procedures in the collection and recovery of evidence, whether on ground-surface or burial excavations, precision and integrity may be maintained as foundational to the process. Preservation using photographic, videotaping, and handwritten documentation during each step of the crime scene investigation process, provides a basis of accuracy in reporting outcomes and greatly aids in an unambiguous identification of party – ...

Regardless of our ways of life, personal touches, and social standing all of us have one and the same end – death. The birth and death are natural issues that equalize people and determine their mortality. The saddest thing is that death exterminates us as who we really are and leaves only our bodies: flesh, skin, bones. The deceased continue to live in the memory of their relatives and friends, but when it is their turn to die, the real us melt in the eternity only with our graves remained. In her essay “Sky Burial,” Alex Mar writes about people ...

[Class Title] The human species is believed to have come from hominids, a member of the primate family where the human species is believed to have originated from after a lengthy process of evolution. The Anne and Bernard Spitzer Hall of Human Origins present this unique history of human evolution through fossils. The exhibition covers millions of years of human evolution presented through innovative displays. One of its notable exhibits is the famous ‘Lucy’ skeleton, which was unearthed in Ethiopia by a joint American and French paleoanthropologist team sometime in 1974. The museum also showed partial skulls of the ‘ ...

Anthropology is the study of humankind throughout history. There are currently four subfields of anthropology (1) cultural anthropology which is the study of human behavior and cultural patterns within a society (2) physical anthropology is the study of humans as biological specimen (3) linguistics refers to the study of human language and how it has evolved throughout history. This includes the grammar and syntax used, and the relationship between culture and language (4) archaeology is the study of materials such animal and human remains, artifacts, and plants. This paper will be looking at Archaeology. Archaeology looks at materials found ...

(Author, Department, University,

Corresponding Address and email)

Abstract The sacroiliac joint (SIJ) is an important connection between the spine and pelvis. The shape and contour of the joint changes with life, i.e. it changes from flat shape to angular with the passage of time. SIJ is commonly involved in the painful conditions of pelvis and lower back. It can also result in transient numbness or tingling sensations and/or elevated level of urinary frequency. The complex anatomy and biomechanics of SIJ have an important role in the development of the low back pain and other symptoms, and they are also involved in making it ...

Every person is obliged to the right to eat for a healthy living. However, some people especially children do not get enough food to eat, or when they do, they eat without necessarily wondering about the kind of foods they eat, something that can result to malnutrition. Malnutrition is a body condition that develops when the body fails to get balanced nutrients as well as minerals and vitamins required for body development. Malnutrition can also refer to as poor nutrition, falling under either over nutrition or under nutrition. Over-nutrition is a condition where people get more nutrients than the ...

Policy Positions Paper: Use of Medical Marijuana in Georgia

The use of marijuana (Cannabis sativa) can be traced back more than 5000 years ago related to medical, recreational, and spiritual reasons (Bostwick, 2012). The United States Pharmacopeia has included it since 1850’s, and until the 1930’s physicians provided prescriptions for it for a number of physical complaints (Narcanon International, 2016). In 1970, the United States Congress determined it had no valid therapeutic value and categorized it as a Schedule I illegal substance. However, a number of sources have stated that marijuana has no addictive properties (Samsha, 2016). The National Institute on Drug Abuse state this is ...

Introduction

The essay will compare the skepticism of two ancient philosophers concerning popular religious, spiritual and superstitious beliefs. The first philosopher we will look at is Lucretius who was a well-educated Roman popularly known for his poem “On the Nature of Things.” The second philosopher is Wang Ch’ung who was born in China and studied at Loyang academy in the capital. He is said to have had remarkable memory and gained a lot of knowledge in Chinese literature. The two philosophers did not believe in the religious beliefs and came up with arguments to convince the masses that they ...

Affiliated Institution

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the Japanese funeral traditions; we are going to answer the most important question, What are the rituals of the Japanese funerals? We are going to reveal in details some of the most important highlights of the Japanese funeral culture, according to chronological order, starting from the moment of death till the burial process itself.

The First Moments After Death.

Japan has a mix of Buddhism and Shintoism beliefs; yet when it comes to death, most of the Japanese follow the Buddhism rituals (Wiren). The moment a person dies, “Water of the last moment” ceremony begins. This ...

Abrigo do Lagar Velho is a rock-shelter in the Portuguese valley that is famous for the stratigraphic range of the Upper Paleolithic human occupations within that area.

Absolute dating technique (chronometric dating) refers to the process of revealing the age on a certain time scale.

Acclimatization is the response of an organism to a gradual change in environmental conditions by adjusting and sustaining within these changes. Acheulian (Acheulean) is a tool made of stone that had round cutting edges and was used during the Lower Palaeolithic era.

Adolescent growth spurt refers to the sharp growth in height and weight rates t during adolescence.

Aegyptopithecus refers to the extinct primate of the Oligocene Period, resembling a modern-day lemur, whose fossils were found in Egypt. Afar Triangle is the region that is part of the ...

The issue/ problem

The case concerns Mr. A. His medical condition relates to terminal cancer that is affecting his lower spine and pelvic bones. The problem with his condition is the complexity of the situation. The patient has decubitus ulcers since the skin around his pelvic bones has developed bed sore and pressure sore. At one point, nurses do not know whether to keep on turning him to avoid any further skin breakdown while other nurses insist that he has to remain in the present position to stop causing pain to the patient. Also, it is critical since Mr. A has a ...

Bipedality is an adaptation that enables human beings to walk using two legs, therefore, differentiating humans from the other animals (Wu et al. 2). However, other animals do it sometimes like birds when on the ground, kangaroos, and apes. Humans are a perfect example of bipedalism because they use two legs always unlike other animals that do it partially. Certain body structures are necessary for bipedality. These body parts include; The pelvis of humans has blades that are not twisted and hold the internal organs when the humans are upright. Humans have more muscles in the pelvic region that ...

Describe which general fossil primate groups appear and radiate during the following geological epochs: Eocene, Miocene, Pliocene, Pleistocene. For each of the geological epochs, identify the general primate group that first appears and radiates during that epoch. In addition, give the time range in millions of years for each epoch and provide at least one example of a specific primate genus and/ or species that is representative of each general primate group. 2. List and briefly describe at least five elements of the post-cranial anatomy found in humans, but not in apes, that facilitate efficient bipedal locomotion. Provide specific ...

Introduction

In 2006, an apartment complex that included a playground was built on a piece of land that was the site of a metal processing plant that operated between 1930’s and 1950’s before going out of business. Due the above reason, the land had to be assessed for any carcinogenic heavy metals. There are so many potential heavy metals that could have hazardous effects on people’s health, but the assessment mainly focused on cadmium. This is because cadmium was the most common metal used in the plant while it was operational and the metal has both carcinogenic ...

(Task #1) Introduction This paper will look at Treasure Island a young adult, coming of age, adventure fiction novel by Robert Louis Stevenson. The story was first published as a book on November 14, 1883 by Cassell and Co., after originating in as a serial in the children’s magazine Young Folk from 1881-1882. The original title of work was Treasure Island, or the Mutiny of the Hispaniola and Stevenson was credited under the pseudonym of Captain George North. However, the first title that Stevenson had wanted to bestow on his story was the Sea Cook which was a ...

Introduction

There are two main attributes of the centre of gravity (COG) that pose a huge impact on the stability of organisms. The location of the COG is determined by the shape of the body. As such, as the same body is assuming different forms, the position of the COG keeps varying. An individual who bends his/her legs is likely to lower his/her GOG position. This, together with other things, leads to higher stability. As strange as it may sound, at times, the COG does lie completely outside the body itself. For instance, if the body is unoccupied the COG ...

The TV show Bones revolves around forensic scientists that work with the FBI to solve crimes. As a result, there is often violence and aggression on the show, as there is at least one murder every week. In one episode, called The Sense in the Sacrifice, the violence comes from a serial killer that has been on the show several times before. Christopher Pelant has killed at least eight people in the show. The FBI investigation team use a cadaver to frame Pelant, which is violent in itself. Later, Pelant tries to manipulate the lead character, Bones, into leaving ...

The City of Bones contains various quotes from the author, Cassandra Clare, which help on creating the theme of the story. The quotes explained have relevance to the story through religion, revenge, prejudice, love, jealousy and many other themes. “A shadow hunter who kills another of his brothers is worse than a demon and should be put down like one” (Clare, 10. 264). The use of the term ‘put down’ means the elimination of an unwanted animal. The quote shows that the there is a high level of anger in the story making the moral code appear old school. ...

Nutritional Intake of my Chosen Senior

My chosen senior is a widowed 63 year old woman, living alone in an urban setting, doesn’t have any diet related diseases or illness and isn’t under any prescribed medication. Her Carbohydrate intake is high, she consumes carbohydrates four out of seven days a week, her carbohydrate sources are brown rice, whole wheat pasta and potatoes. She consumes vitamin daily, she takes a glass or two of fresh fruit juice. Her calcium intake throughout the week is recommendable since she takes milk and dairy foods such as cheese, ghee and calcium fortified cereals. Generally, she has been ...

In this episode of “Bones” the victim is a man, who was killed by explosion of the bomb in his car, while he was driving it. Next comes the list of bones, that is mentioned in the episode. 1. Lumbar spine – lower back. Lumbar spine is core support of the human body. It allows us to perform important functions like side bending, turning, rotation. One of main purposes of the spine is to maintain upright walking ("Lumbar Spine Anatomy: Overview, Gross Anatomy, Natural Variants"). 2. Ischium – sit bone. The main function of the sit bone reveals when we sit. ...

The aim of this essay is the presentation of 30 human bones associated with the skull, the vertebral column, the thoracic cage, the pectoral girdle and upper limb, the pelvic girdle and lower limb, and the joints. The review will be conducted in categories and will include a description of the function and their classification. The bones of the skull can be divided into two categories: the cranial bones (the calvarium and the cranial base) and the facial bones. Three bones of the calvarium are the frontal bone, the occipital bone, and the parietal bone. The frontal bone forms ...

In the XXI century 3D-printing has become one of the most important achievements of mankind in the field of technology development. Scientists have mastered the techniques of creating three-dimensional models of all shapes and content, progress even touched the food industry and medicine - food print, bones, blood vessels, etc. Today, technology is not so affordable pleasure, however, one can hardly argue with the fact that by mastering it, people stepped forward into the future. Today we have heard a lot about of 3D-printers, but not everyone knows that the new technology of "cloning" things began to emerge in ...

Part 1

Compromised levels of safety in her house During the nurses’ visit to Ms. Fisher’s house, a couple of factors were observed to expose her to dangers that were likely to impact on her wellbeing. The level of lighting in the house is low; therefore, her chances of tripping and falling over are very high which may result in her breaking bones. Secondly, she is wearing slippery shoes. This aspect added to the realization that the rug in the house is not placed appropriately may result in her falling and hurting herself. In this direction, there is the need ...

Introduction

In most communities, family apartments were private spaces that offered a place of refuge and intimacy. Public spaces such as city squares were ideal for business dealings in addition to offices (Knowles, 2011, p. 130). This arrangement has since changed in the advent of information communication technology. Raymond Guess argues that the conception of privacy in modern times is where the identity of self-first has crumbled down (So-il.org, 2016). He goes further to observe that the community presently has the duty to promote and defend the security of individuals. Classic liberals are of the opinion that the basic right ...

Did Annie’s macronutrient intake fall within the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges (AMDR) established by the Dietary Reference Intakes? Fill in the table below.

Carbohydrates List the 5 primary sources of carbohydrate in Annie’s diet, and indicate the primary type(s) of carbohydrate provided by that source (you can identify the primary sources of carbohydrate by clicking the “+” on the left side of the “Nutrients” report online). How did Annie’s fiber intake compare to her target of 25 grams? Give 4 examples of foods that Annie could include to increase her daily fiber intake (identify foods that ...

George Herbert (1593-1633) adopted the Metaphysical style of poetry from Donne but in a simpler manner. His famous poem “Death” is an example of the poetry that uses rhetorical forms of writing like a paradox, hyperbole, and conceits. The poem constitutes two parts that have a contradicting view of death. The First part presents death as a fearsome being through the use of hideous expressions and imagery. The second part presents death as a friend and a passage to a better life. The last three stanzas give hope to Christians through the works of Jesus Christ. Through Christ’s ...

Final Reflective Portfolio

This paper is a reflection of the skills I have gained in this class. It focuses on four texts and analyses them as indicators of my development as a reader and creator of literary and cultural texts. Three of the analyzed texts were created for this class while the fourth was written for a math class.

Part 1: Texts

The Ultimate Book of Martial Arts Fay Goodman's book entitled The Ultimate Book of Martial Arts is already an entertaining read by itself. However, different parts of the book contain paratextual elements that give it a new meaning and make it a more ...

Analysis of Sphinx

The Middle Kingdom (ca. 2030–1650 B.C.) was a period of significant transformation in ancient Egypt. It was during this period that older cultural principles and artistic conventions revived. The changes that characterize the Middle Kingdom 1 can be seen in its architecture, culture, jewelry, literature, paintings and reliefs. The focus of the essay is to analyze the “Sphinx of King Senwosret” from Thebes, Karnak temple in Dynasty 12 and describe the artwork visually. It looks behind the political or symbolic meaning and why the Sphinx a really important symbol.

Sphinx of King Senwosret III

Sphinx of King Senwosret dates back to 1878–1840 ...

Introducing the Microorganism

Candida albicans is a human microbiome member. It is opportunistic in nature and exists as a non- harmful resident of the genitourinary tract in 70% and of oral cavity in 75% of humans. It has shown opportunistic behaviour leading to infections in case of individuals whose immune system is compromised (immunocompromised). C. albicans is mainly responsible for 2 types of infection: superficial candidiasis like vulvovaginal or oral infections and systemic life-threatening infections. C. albicans has been observed to cause vulvovaginal candidiasis in approximately 75% of women. C. albicans is an obligate and diploid organism possessing 8 pairs of chromosomes, ...

Religious change among the Aztecs

Annotated Bibliography Berdan, Frances, Aztec Archaeology and Ethnohistory, pp. 215-296. NY: Cambridge University Press (2014).

The source tells of the history and religion of the Aztec people.

Burkhart, Louise. “The missionary missionized.” In her The Slippery Earth: Nahua- Christian Moral Dialogue in Sixteenth-Century Mexico, pp. 15-45. Tucson: University of Arizona Press (1989).

This source tells about the implementation of Christianity on Aztec society.

Cervantes, Fernando. “The Indian response.” In his The Devil in the New World, pp. 40- 73. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press (1994) The source reminds one that they should be looking at the paper through an objective lens, rather than proscribing any ideals onto the Aztecs or the Spaniards. Florescano, Enrique, “Transformation of indigenous memory and resurgence of ...

Body fitness is essential to the welfare of one’s health. In fact, lack thereof compromises one’s medical status, and this could lead to the development of complications such as high blood pressure and obesity. As such, many individuals have resolved to take measures aimed at enhancing their body fitness through natural bodybuilding strategies. However, the utilization of steroids is a universal preference among sportsmen and people who want to improve their fitness. Due to the marketing strategies employed by the steroid manufacturing companies, most people are unaware of the adverse side effects these drugs cause on their ...

Cannibalism was quite common among the early man. The suggested reasons for cannibalism may be to survive starvation especially during the winter seasons or rituals performed by the early man when one of them died. This paper will shed light on prehistoric cannibalism and the disease, which can spread from one person to another because of cannibalism. Evidence that cannibalism prevailed in early man exists in the modern literature. According to the article written by John Roach, modern man contains genetic markers, which are an indicator that early humans were cannibals. Scientist attributes their discovery of genes protecting against ...

Personality of the offender - a set of socio-psychological characteristics and qualities, which are the causes and conditions for committing crimes. Criminal’s personality is different from the personality of law-abiding person by public danger, it is characterized by criminal needs and motivation, emotional and volitional deformation and negative social interests. The problem of offender’s personality is one of the central problems for sciences, which are connected with criminology. Criminology examines the socio-demographic and moral-psychological characteristics of offender. In addition, crucial for this topic and for criminology as a whole is a question of what the nature of ...

Introduction

The world we live in today has not always been what it is but has been built to what it is today. While little is known of the Western world, specifically the Americas before explorers such as Christopher Columbus discovered it, there exists rich literature of ancient civilizations that have shaped all spheres of modern life. The most recognized civilizations include the Egyptian civilization, the Roman Empire, and the Greek civilization. The fall of one civilization led to the rise of another civilization and so forth. The earliest recorded civilization, however, is the Egyptian civilization and scholars have credited ...

Today we are at the peak of technological development and the use of 3D printers is one of its features. 3d printing has already achieved significant development and, moreover, it has never been easier to make lots of different prototypes of devices as it is today. Undoubtedly, one of the most interesting areas for the application of three-dimensional printing technology is medicine. This area affects the most complex scientific issues such as human health and life. Currently, a large number of patients around the world has the opportunity to benefit from this technology. Using this technology in medicine has ...

How can vitamin and mineral deficiencies lead to bone disease?

There are multiple vitamins (A, B, C, D, E, and K) and five chief minerals essential for a holistic body growth and development that are calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc and potassium. Calcium is required for developing strong teeth and bones. Moreover, calcium also facilitates the multiple functions including regulation of blood pressure, hormonal pathways, muscles, nerves and vascular functions. The calcium is acquired by various food sources such as milk, cheese, vegetables and cereals, tofu and juices. The major cause of calcium deficiency or hypocalcemia is ageing which decays with the increasing age and bones become less dense and ...

Pathophysiology

One of the most important parts of achieving the goal of being able to meet the patient’s entire healthcare (i.e. nursing) needs is to ensure that the underlying disease’s pathophysiology is well understood by all the stakeholder groups. These groups, in this case, would include the medical and healthcare practitioners, patients, and their respective family members. It would be a lot easier to instruct a patient to have a patient undergo a prescribed healthcare routine once he understands the nature of his condition, why each procedure is being done, and how they collectively contribute to the end-goal ...

Introduction

Even though the concept of evolution is a typical narrative, it remains one of the most highly contentious of the topics. Major disagreements persist in the field, particularly when the evolutionary origin and physical modification of primates are the subject matter of discussion. Because of these differences, lots of significant finds in the field have attracted considerable amounts of opposition from experts depending on the species, or the side angle of evolution one recognizes (Ravosa and Dagosto). Disputes often center around locomotion and posture – whether a particular species was fully upright or could walk bipedally, brain size (intelligence), sexuality ...

For over the years, there is a relative increase in cases of children with birth defects. Recent statistics with regards to the American babies suffering from birth defects reveals that for every 4 and a half minutes, there is a new case of baby born with a birth defect, which can also be summarized as 120,000 incidents of child birth defects every year, and it is expected that the number of child victims will rise for the succeeding years (Center for Disease Control and Prevention). Birth defects on newborn babies may affect almost any part of their body ...

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Abstract

Nutrition is the intake of food which is necessary for survival. A healthy nutritional diet is essential for a healthy body and mind. A balanced diet helps in growth and development, strengthening the immune system, executing the all-important chemical and hormonal activities as well as cell reproduction. Food is further categorized into types and components that play a significant role in processing the biological mechanism at a very minute level. There is six main type of food that includes grain, milk products, Meat, fruits, vegetables, and oils. Water is the most important part of ...

Hypercalcemia refers to the condition where calcium levels are above normal in the blood. Presence of too much calcium in the blood may result to endless complications and defects to an individual’s body parts. No severe signs are experienced in the human body until the the accumulation of the calcium levels hits the abnormal levels. Patients with high levels of calcium in their blood stream will experience constant dehydration and this will lead to frequent intake of water hence constant urination (Marcocci & Cetani, 2011). This is as a result of the kidneys being involved in filtration of high ...

Food is a fundamental necessity of life and therefore becomes a rich conveyor of cultural traditions and norms and attracts patterns of symbolic significance much like a magnet, for example, who is entitled to eat with whom, and when, and how food is to be shared. The cultural understandings surrounding the sharing of food illuminates social dynamics by distinguishing cohesive social units and social distance. Indeed, it can be said that a culture is encoded in the expectations of behavior associated with the communal act of dining. The purpose of this paper is to examine the historical continuity of ...