Essays on Polygraph

One of the ironies of criminology is the unreliable nature of eyewitness testimony. So many convictions obtained on the basis of eyewitness testimony have been later overturned, whether on the basis of DNA evidence or other indices demonstrating that the accused simply could not have committed the crime, and yet the eyewitnesses believe that they are telling the truth. Forensic interviewing becomes a crucial element of the investigation process, as the questioners have to decide whether or not the information they have elicited is as accurate as possible. The cognitive interview takes the point of view of the eyewitness ...

A centralized warehouse that distributes electronic equipment is vulnerable to theft, and, therefore, all risks should be analyzed and minimized to keep the equipment safe. It is important to know that according to the Federal Bureau of Investigation, about $30 billion of shipments are lost each year (Heyn, 2014), and this is the exact reason why a security team in a warehouse should minimize all risks and follow the necessary procedures when investigating a theft and collecting evidence.

NEW SECURITY EMPLOYEE GUIDE

Theft Prevention Ensure routine inspections A large volume of product is stored at the warehouse, and routine inspections will help to ...

In this episode of “Bones” the victim is a man, who was killed by explosion of the bomb in his car, while he was driving it. Next comes the list of bones, that is mentioned in the episode. 1. Lumbar spine – lower back. Lumbar spine is core support of the human body. It allows us to perform important functions like side bending, turning, rotation. One of main purposes of the spine is to maintain upright walking ("Lumbar Spine Anatomy: Overview, Gross Anatomy, Natural Variants"). 2. Ischium – sit bone. The main function of the sit bone reveals when we sit. ...

Instrumentation for the Detection of Deception

Instrumentation for the Detection of Deception Specialists in the area of criminal law often face many challenges related to human factor. Deception is one of such challenges that hinder the process of solving the case. For this reason, certain techniques and instrumentation for the detection of deception were developed. Polygraph is probably the most known instrument created for such purposes. However, even the polygraph does not give the results of 100% accuracy. The test on polygraph is based on the physical reactions of an individual to one or another question that may indicate whether this individual is lying ...

Dear (Name of the contact person at LAPD),

I am writing to you in regards to my disqualification from the Polygraph examination in 2009, which has barred me from proceeding any further in the hiring process, despite passing the Personal Qualification Essay. The grounds on which I wish to appeal are that the circumstances that led to my disqualification are regretful. I have taken a bold approach in an attempt to redeem myself for the mistakes by joining the USA Army Reserves. Besides, ...

One of the primary components of the criminal justice system in the United States of America is the law enforcement. Law enforcement operates primarily through police agencies. The purposes of police agencies in regard to law enforcement include investigation, referral of findings to the courts and temporary detention of suspected criminals pending judicial action (Linz, e al., 2006). The San Diego Police Department is one of the many police departments in the nation.

The San Diego police department is located in the city San Diego, California. San Diego has a rough population of 1 million residents. The department has one ...

B. Reason to Listen: It can happen that you will have to take a polygraph test one day, so why shouldn't you be prepared to take it? C. Credibility Statement: I have watched some TV shows where participants have to pass the polygraph test to win the prize, so it is rather interesting whether someone can beat the test and I tried to look for some info D. Thesis & Preview of Main Points: Firstly, I will describe how a polygraph works. Secondly, I will examine whether polygraph test can be used in jury trials. Thirdly, I will discuss how ...

Introduction

A private investigator is frequently shortened to PI and casually referred as a private eye. An inquiry agent or private detective is an individual that can be employed by a person or groups to take on exploratory law services (Rigakos, 2008). Private investigators or detectives regularly work for attorneys in civil matters. The very few skilled private investigators work together with defense attorneys on major punishment and defense of criminal cases. Private investigators are, therefore, private citizens having different types of experience and training. Investigators look for, collect, gather, scrutinize, and establish substantiation in criminal and civil cases for insurance companies, ...

Correctional Sex Offender Programs

There are several practices that are normally associated with correctional practices in the field of corrections. Several strategies have been set up to ensure that when inmates are serving time, they are able to undergo several programs that enable their rehabilitation. These programs are several and in many cases are different in nature. Some of these programs are health related, mentally related and physically related. Some correctional facilities offer social amenities such as the library services that help the inmates. There are correctional sex offenders programs that are considered best practices in correctional programs. A good example is the ...

Following the American Psychological Association’s Guidelines

- Two popular forms of analysis when attempting to assess if an individual is lying include polygraph tests and voice stress assessments. The two tests are similar in nature when concerning their directive and administration, but are gauged rather differently. For example, according to Ken Alder’s, “The Lie Detectors: The History of an American Obsession,” base questions are given prior to the technical polygraph test, wherein the individual is connected to a machine that will monitor heart rate and pulse in an attempt to assess honesty . In comparison, Harry Hollien and associates, authors of, “Issues in Forensic Voice,” outline ...

Theories of polygraph are essential in order to assure confidence that it works. A theory is a collection of interrelated concepts that seek to build the body of knowledge on a scientific subject. Strongly motivated people may try to learn about the polygraph and develop countermeasures, manipulate loopholes or find other ways to defeat the test. With well-documented theories, the workings of a polygraph would be better understood, enabling enhancements, refinement or further development of the polygraph to extend its functionality or improve its performance or efficiency. Theories would enable the creation of a robust, efficient and reliable tool. The polygraph would not ...

Lie Detector

Beginning of Lie detector For around centuries, individuals searched various approaches to exposing liars, looking for clues in the blushing cheeks, tricky eyes, twisting toes and all other body's outward signs. However, this finally reached its initiation in the 1920s, when a police officer with a PhD collaborated with an entrepreneurial secondary school student of Berkeley, California and asserted to have developed a machine that researched straightforwardly inside the human heart. In a couple of years, their machine altered police work, detained headlines, tackled mysterious murders and captivated the country. The concept of using a lie detector rose emerged in the middle period ...

A polygraph test measures the pulse, blood pressure, respiration, perspiration and skin conductivity of a test subject, in the belief that the telling of a truth or a lie has an effect that manifests in these physiological indices. Throughout its history and since its invention, the polygraph has enjoyed claims of up to 90% accuracy from its advocates. However, the accuracy of the polygraph has widely been criticized as there is not enough evidence to support these claims. Further, research shows that most studies carried out to establish the validity of the polygraph do not meet scientific standards of quality and rigor. ...

Human factor is the major challenge that stands on the way of the specialists in the field of criminal law. Sometimes, the clues may be confusing and the only way to solve the case is retrieving the answer from the people involved. This is when deception and lie become the ultimate challenge in the struggle for the truth. To deal with this problem, the science offered the criminalists a marvelous solution – the lie detector, the device that recognizes the lie. But is it really that good and accurate? The work of the polygraph is based on reading the basic involuntary ...

Voice Stress Analysis

Voice Stress Analysis

Introduction

Voice Stress Analysis (VSA) is a technology that can help in recording the psychophysiological stress responses in the human voice, especially in conditions when the person is in psychological stress due to some external stimulus, such as questions, and consequences related to the answer could be highly undesirable for subject under trial.

Lie detection is one of the most important procedures in identifying the deceptive mind. Many theories have been presented about lie detection throughout the history. In the police interrogation, “gut reaction” is considered as an important tool to identify whether the person is telling the ...

What is CVSA?

Computerized Voice Stress Analyzer (CVSA) is a lie detection software program that is designed to measure the changes in a subject’s voice patterns caused by physical efforts or stress as he tries to hide deceptive responses when speaking during an investigative interview. The CVSA program is among lie detection technologies that purport to work by analyzing voice stresses (Damphousse, 2014). During testing process, a subject will be speaking as the microphone plugged into the computer taps his voice patterns for analysis. When the subject speaks, frequencies of his voice patterns will form dynamic graphs on the computer screen. They are these ...

Voice Stress Analysis

Voice Stress Analysis

Polygraph is to elicit admissions even before the exam Although courts have not generally allowed polygraph evidences, there are cases when they can be complimentary to the court’s findings. However, the court should qualify its expert examiners, device and the conditions under which the examination will take place. The polygraph tests are done in advance because the jury does not want being usurped by their findings. As the findings from polygraph can be erroneous, courts are normally reluctant to endorse them, because they are taken as close to calculated gamble. Therefore, they should come ...

- According to philosophers, stress is supposed to be understood as a response to particular environmental stimuli, for instance, loss of a job or exposure to excessive noise. However, according to research that was conducted by Holmes and Rehe (1967). The Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS) method was dissatisfied to the research since most of the events listed, they relatively rarely occur in anyone’s life. The researchers could use a scale that could reflect the greater degree of the daily variation experience of people in levels of the stress they are experiencing. Their approach measures one aspect of stress that causes ...

Introduction

Human resource management plays an imperative role in the operations of an organization as it ensures that an organization acquires the best talents for effective operations. There are numerous functions played by the human resource management department in an organization such as planning, recruiting among others. This paper focuses on the recruitment function of the human resource management department, in particular the selection process of an entry level of an operations manager. The selection process is one where the organization seeks to discover the characteristics and suitability of a given candidate for the job position (Ivancevich & Konopaske, 2012). A good ...

Introduction

Polygraph is a detector that records and measures various physiological indices including respiration, blood pressure, skin conductivity and pulse while the subject is asked continuous questions as he/she answers. The belief that underprops polygraph use is that answers which are deceptive will give responses which are termed as physiological and they can only be differentiated from those which are linked with answers which are non-deceptive. Polygraph device was developed in the year 1921 by a police officer and a medical student in California. The device was listed among the greatest inventions in 2003 described as one of the inventions that have had a ...

The case against the Norfolk four depicted a total failure of the justice system of the state of Virginia. The justice system which involves the police department, the Norfolk Commonwealth system, the judiciary of the state of Virginia all failed to deliver a fair judgment in all the stages of the case. The following is a reaction paper that will critically analyze the situation of the case and support the prior statements. It all starts with the rape and murder of Michelle Boscow. The linked suspects are Daniel William, Joe, Erik Wilson, Derrick, and John Dancer. One of the questions is ...

Introduction

Drug testing is a practice used by employers to ensure that the individuals they want to hire or the existing employees are healthy individuals who don’t abuse drugs. Employers can ask for drug tests at different times or situations. However, drug test requests can be unjustified in some cases since they infringe on employee privacy. Polygraph tests are used are used to tell employees who tell give false information.

Drug testing

Drug testing has limitations in that it has a negative impact on the employee’s mental and emotional condition. In cases where the employee is mistaken to be using drugs, the ...

What future technologies, not currently in existence, do you foresee being used to further communication, particularly in interview and interrogation situations? The future of communication technology is headed towards nano-satellite technology which will be significantly smaller than the satellite technology currently being used. This nano-satellite technology will not only be much smaller but will be available on a chip. Satellite technology in interview situations can and is normally used to transmit information or pictures to specified destinations. The nano-satellite technology will transmit information at speeds faster than the speed of light. In addition, these nano-satellites will be combined ...