Essays on Lying

Body language

Body language is an essential part of communication. Human beings pass most of their communication through body language. The human mind is wired to decipher the non-verbal cues passed by the body before the mind interprets the audio signals produced by the mouth. People can communicate through nonverbal cues without uttering a single word. Body language entails facial expressions, gestures and body posture. The three non- verbal cues make an integral part of the body language. Body language is the most common means of communication; however, body language is understood by few people in the society. There some common Continue reading...

Theories of polygraph are essential in order to assure confidence that it works. A theory is a collection of interrelated concepts that seek to build the body of knowledge on a scientific subject. Strongly motivated people may try to learn about the polygraph and develop countermeasures, manipulate loopholes or find other ways to defeat the test. With well-documented theories, the workings of a polygraph would be better understood, enabling enhancements, refinement or further development of the polygraph to extend its functionality or improve its performance or efficiency. Theories would enable the creation of a robust, efficient and reliable tool. Continue reading...

The research problem in the article is, “Do people behave indiscernibly different ways when they are deceitful compared with when they are telling the truth?” Thus, the research aims to find out if people behave differently while telling the truth or when they are lying. The research methodology used was the literature search procedures that were recommended by Cooper (1998). They conducted computer-based searches of psychological abstracts and examined the reference lists from several reviews.
Their finding was that when one was telling lies, they tend to press their lips compared to those ones who are telling the truth. Continue reading...

First, Danielle does not know that Tasha is going to be humiliated by reading her writing in public, so she can only anticipate that lying will result in Tasha feeling good, about herself and Danielle feeling good for complimenting her friends, so everyone is “happy.” Aristotle said “lying is mean and culpable” and truthful statements are always “preferable to lies in the absence of special considerations.” Not wanting to hurt your friends feelings could be seen as a special consideration. Furthermore, motive is important – is the lie aiming for the good and for happiness? Aristotle sets out that anything Continue reading...

Abstract:

This paper is about the virtue of honesty what it means, what makes an honest person different from a dishonest person. Lying is almost inevitable, sometimes you have to lie to avoid the conflict, sometimes to avoid the embarrassment, sometimes it is revenge or a negative emotion that compels a person to lie. Two extreme cases are discussed in this paper: one when a person lies for no clear reason only the excitement or thrill of cheating others makes a person lie again and again and the opposite extreme of this is the person who cannot lie at all. Continue reading...

In Samuel Beckett’s Company, he uses variations of the word “devise,” “deviser,” “device,” and “devising.” In this paper the use of these words, which are used by Beckett with some frequency will be analyzed. The words will be analyzed as per their meaning, and in how “meaning” fit the contextual elements of Beckett’s text. The paper will be argued from an etymological perspective, to investigate whether words have different forms of meaning, and how Becket may be playing with the meaning of words. Although Beckett bombards the text with formations of the word “devise” in a seemingly Continue reading...

Is Bluffing During Negotiations Unethical?

Business practises' produces the ethical dilemma of bluffing negotiation tactics. As with any philosophical question about moralities there are two sides of the argument, one side arguing that it is ethical to bluff during negotiations and another side arguing that it is not ethical. Arguing on the side of yes it is moral to bluff in certain situations during negotiations is the University of California’s ethical philosopher Fritz Allhoff with her unique position. Also in support of gray area of bluffing during negotiations is James Lawrence providing legal guidelines supporting negotiators barging for their best interest. Finnally, Murrmann, Continue reading...

1, c) It implies that lie detectors should carefully analyze someone before they conclude whether they are lying or not. There should be more than one clue that they use to make a conclusion. The facial expressions should get confirmed by the voice, words or body movements. The ability to detect a lie depends on the skill of a liar and that of the detector. The person is likely to lie without any detection if they had prepared a good response in advance or if they are of a different nationality from the lie detector. It is also easy Continue reading...

Ethical values of honesty are often debatable in modern parlance. On one hand, there is our conscience that constantly guides our morality; on the other hand, there are numerous obligations to meet the ever-increasing competition in professional life and society. As one strives to meet these daily demands, is it not always possible to be judgmental and profess the truth. Questioning whether it is ethical to lie is futile. Ethics is based on our individuality, which is often shaped by our upbringing, culture, and society. It is understandable that lying is a form of deception, dupery and pretense, but Continue reading...

In a Streetcar Named Desire, Blanche DuBois is a conflicted character who lives in a fantasy world to avoid the ugliness of her life. When she declares “I don’t want realism, I want magic!”, she is being serious. She has rejected the real world in favor a place where her fantasies (magic) provide an escape from the ugly reality that is her own existence. At the beginning of the play, Blanche is unbalanced, lying and drunk. It is not until the end of the play, after being raped by Stanley, that Blanche goes completely insane, but it is Continue reading...

Virtue theory, utilitarianism and deontological ethics are branches of normative ethics which are concerned with identifying whether people’s actions are right or wrong. The three theories are similar as they all aim to classify people as ethical or unethical but propose different ways for this classification. Virtue theory judges based on character and not action; Utilitarianism judges based on consequences of actions; and Deontology judges based on adherence to duties while performing actions (Rainbow, 2002).
According to virtue theory, a person has virtues based on which he would be considered moral or amoral. If a person is moral Continue reading...

Regardless of the reason for which it occurs, lying allows the creation of a world in which individuals would want to live. The girls from “Girl, Interrupted”, the women from “Notes on Scandal”, Humbert Humbert in “Lolita” or William Styron in “Darkness Visible” all appeal to lies for creating the reality that they envision or for depicting the world in which they think they live. Juxtaposing two worlds, the imagined and the real one, the characters of the above mentioned readings and films balance their existence in the two worlds by appealing to lies, for justifying their dual existence. Continue reading...

1 a). In the context, Frankfurt writes“Liars must believe they know the truth first, however, bullshitters don’t need to know the truth.” What then, do you believe to be a fundamental difference between lying and bullshitting?
Answer: Liars must know the truth and they consciously fabricate a lie. Their intention is to oppose the truth. However, bullshitters don’t have a strong stand for or against the truth. Their intention is to get away simply with exaggeration and extrapolation. A person talking bullshit is unconcerned with the truth and is loose with her/his words. There are laxity Continue reading...

The cumulative frequency gives us the number of observations lying below or above a particular value of a variable. Cumulative frequencies are of two types : a) Less than type, b) more than type.
- Less than type: We calculate the number of observations lying below each value of the variable. As the values increase we keep on adding the corresponding frequencies to get the cumulative frequency.

Example 1: The weights of 36 pumpkins from a vegetable market are recorded and presented as a frequency distribution table :

The table shows that there are 6 pumpkins weighing 4 kg, but there are 30 pumpkins weighing 4kg or less. Similarly there are 35 pumpkins having weight not more than 6kg.

This can be represented graphically as in figure 1.

Figure Continue reading...

Introduction

Although low-lying coastlines are vulnerable to the effects of rising sea levels, its aesthetical value as a tourist destination encompasses several business opportunities. One of the most profitable industries nowadays is tourism. It is a $1.3 Trillion industry, which includes businesses established in favorite tourism spots such as the low-lying coastlines (ibisworld.com). The low-lying coastline is a suitable location for tourism business given that the world’s fastest growing and high profitable business is all about sand, sun, and sea (crestconference.org).

Discussion

The Low-lying coastline is the best location to create resorts and hotel amenities, which is also considered as Continue reading...

Business in Al Gharbia

The low-lying coastline of Al Gharbia is a beautiful scenic site and attracts tourist from all over the world. It is a destination to people that come for holidays to relax and appreciate nature and the locals are proud of it because it shows to the world their culture. The low-lying coastline has locals that live in it.
Establishing a business in the low-lying coastal line will lead to profits because of the tourists that come to visit the beautiful. The business that will bring good profits is a gift shop. The gift shop will contain gifts that reflect Continue reading...

My name is Stephen Bild. I turned twenty-eight last January. I still remember that day for it was unlike any other I had experienced in my life. This night would change my life forever. Lying on this bed, I cannot tell whether my life would turn out better or worse.
I was partying with three of my female friends at an uptown pub in Philly. I had not told anyone at work that it was my birthday, save for the receptionist Lucy and Johnny, the janitor. I doubted those two would show up anyway. Lucy did not like me Continue reading...

No man’s land is a movie made during the Bosnian war era. It was the first movie made by Bosnian. This movie starts showing two soldiers one from Croatia side and other from Serbs who fell into the trench when there was crossing firing from both sides of armies. In the trench both introduced their selves and started arguing that we are best. Both were shown fighting like small boys. In this conversation, one had a gun while other had not, so the one with a gun pointed to other and said that I am more powerful than Continue reading...

Aversive Control

Self efficacy is a construct that shares similar historical richness as Money attitude but, it has developed into one of the most essential studies of human behavior. Numerous researches on this topic have been designed to address the construct of self efficacy and just like Money Attitude, it leads to human behavior. For example, the management of chronic ailments often requires the person to take part in a number of behaviors that re self-care in nature. For example, a patient will not care about recovery from a health condition when they feel inadequate to influence a positive result, therefore Continue reading...

Drawer Boy is 1999 play written by Michael Healey. The play is set in an Ontario farm where a young actor, Miles who is doing research on an upcoming theatrical play on farming interacts with the owners of the farm. The two owners are Angus who is middle aged man suffering from memory loss after a supposed accident during the Second World War while the other one is Morgan who is also a middle aged farmer who is taking care of Angus. In the play, Angus is constantly referred to as the drawer boy because prior to his memory Continue reading...

The aim of this essay is to present you with a possible explanation of the title of the short story ‘Toba Tek Sight’. Titles as well as meanings and thoughts put across by writers of any kind of writing piece always go under various interpretations since no one can ever be certain on what the writer, or any artist wants to say. Still readers, critics and the literary community on a whole seem to reach common conclusions on some of the writers’ intentions.
This short story, on which this essay is, was written and published in 1955 by Saadat Continue reading...

The aim of this paper is to present you with the reflections drawn on the picture of a woman wearing a T-shirt presented on one of the pages of Berger’s essay ‘Ways of seeing’.
Berger published this essay which actually consists a paper of criticism as far as art and its perception is concerned in 1972. A television programme on BBC had come before, which arouse great interest within the borders of the artistic community and attracted a great number of viewers.
The book compared to the TV series has the advantage of including photographs which either accompany Continue reading...

Ericsson, Stephanie. "The Ways We Lie." Trans. ArrayBack to the Lake: A Reader for Writers (Second Edition). 2nd ed. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 2011. 336-343. Print.
In her essay, “The Way We Lie,” Stephanie Ericsson states a well-known fact that everyone lies, while she also argues that every lie is not essentially bad, but accepting lies turn them into a “cultural cancer” and lead to severe consequences. With structure and style of writing, Ericsson supports her claim by appealing to logos, pathos and ethos, namely: she appeals to the logos by describing historical events and facts to Continue reading...

How often we have heard that it is the first impressions that tend to last? Regardless of whether the statement holds true or not, it makes one wonder - what constitutes the first impression? It is not only the dress we wear or the words we say, but also the hidden messages sent by our body unconsciously and this is by far the most important of all impressions. The moment we meet someone, we subconsciously judge him or her on the basis of these overlooked movements of the body and this impression sticks even though the entire process takes Continue reading...

Lying is a complicated dimension of one’s personality, a human nature characterized by a habitual form of behavior. Many people would say that lying is morally wrong because it destroys a person’s dignity and integrity. Lying represents fear of what others may think and fear of facing the reality which grows stronger for every lie that a person tells.
As one lie leads to another, people are deceiving themselves by making excuses for their lies. While society has regarded lying as an ethical misdemeanor, there are cases when lying instinctively becomes the only perfect option. Why do Continue reading...

One of important global business tendencies lies in growing role of ethical behavior in business activities and communication. According to the opinion of Leonard J. Brooks&Paul Dunn (2009), this phenomenon is predetermined by such reasons as increased level of societal moral sensitivity and accountability desired, going away from profit-only model of business and introduction of managerial frameworks based on values, reputation and risks (4-15). Ethical behavior can be defined in many different ways. To my mind, one of most comprehensive definition was introduced by R.French (2011), who defines ethical behavior as the behavior, which is morally accepted as good Continue reading...

Psychology – Why People Lie

The most common malady of the human race isn’t the common cold as most people would have you believe, it is the need to be better than everyone else. Fame, fortune, pride. While these traits can be achieved through honest means, there will always come a time when people will lie. Sometimes it’s not for the three traits, sometimes it’s to protect the people you love, sometimes it is because you are angry at someone and simply wish to hurt them, sometimes it’s even to make someone happy. Regardless of the reason and form however, Continue reading...

Lying is one of the most common wrong acts, found in the people’s behavior. A scholar even told that there is no use of wasting the time thinking on lying because it is an inescapable part of human beings. This tendency is very often meant to deceit others by hiding the truth but every deception is not necessarily a lie. Sometimes lying is necessary for a smooth life because the truth is very harsh and not always acceptable in the practical life. Everything on this earth has at least two aspects usually, the lying is also not any Continue reading...

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Deception is defined as a collaborative method between a sender and the receiver to transfer and receive information. Deceptive communication can occur in a range of different settings, in relationships between strangers, friends, partners, family members and can be perpetrated by all age groups (Taylor, Gozna 1). In deception the sender transmits the information purposefully to create a wrong belief in the receiver. Deception can be done for a number of reasons and by various motivations. Depending on the severity of the consequences the lies can be high-stake, medium-stake, and Continue reading...

In the novel Cannery Row and the play Glengarry Glen Ross, authors John Steinbeck and David Mamet present characters whose approach to existence appears quite dissimilar on the surface. Mack and the boys from Cannery Row place little value on extravagant material possessions. They possess no ambition other than to have very basic shelter and food; they do not compete with each other or town residents to accumulate goods or social status. The real estate salespeople in Glengarry Glen Ross, on the other hand, thrive on workplace competition to acquire possessions that will signify their success. If one accepts Continue reading...

(City, State)

Introduction

Blood pressure refers to the force exerted by the blood on the walls of the artery. Measuring the blood pressure is done in mmHg or millimeters of mercury and is given by two numbers. The number on the top shows the maximum pressure that is exerted by the heart while beating also known as systolic pressure. The bottom number shows the quantity of pressure in the arteries between heartbeats also known as the diastolic pressure. The difference that occurs between the top number and the lower one is referred to as the pulse pressure. Heart rate is Continue reading...

Abstract

Deception has been considered by law enforcement officers as effective compared to other methods of crime detection. It is a better way of eliciting vital information and evidences that could capture suspected criminals rather than the use of physical means. In fact, it has gain approval of the courts as a legal way of drawing out a confession. However, it is sad to know that at times, the law officers employ malicious detection strategies like hoaxes in order to catch criminals which can affect the credibility of the justice system. Hence, the use of deception to detect a crime Continue reading...

Kant is well known for his philosophy which he developed in three parts, with the first being the groundwork of metaphysics (Kant, 7). Here Kant looked at the relationship of the rational or knowledge of morality with philosophical knowledge. The second part of Kant’s work focused on the critique of practical reason and the last part of his philosophy looked at the metaphysics of moral. Through Kant’s philosophy he tried to establish the relevance of morals with the actions that people purpose. This is why he tried to convert what people believed, knowledge of morality into philosophical Continue reading...

The importance of honesty runs deeply throughout human nature. One of the most common manifestations of honesty has to do with money. Mark Twain, one of the famed American cynics, wrote that “honesty is the best policy – when there is money in it.” When there is a financial (or other material) incentive, people tend to be more likely to be honest. However, building a track record of dishonesty can be corrosive to the soul; in Star Trek V: The Final Frontier, the entire course of the story centers around being honest about one’s inner pain instead of concealing Continue reading...

History I Section 263

The practices of childbirth and delivery have changed drastically throughout history. With the advances in science and technology and growing knowledge over the years, America has been delivering healthier babies than ever. But unlike now, in early America midwives played a large role in child delivery and child care, “When the English settled in America they brought the traditional English customs and practices of childbirth to the New World.” Midwives were more than just someone who delivered a baby; they also acted as the nurse and were a friend to the pregnant woman throughout her labor. Midwives felt a Continue reading...

Nicole Brewster was given the responsibility of ascertaining the health benefits of drinking bottled water. Based on the information of experts in various fields related to this issue, such as medical professionals, scientists, and water specialists, Brewster discovers that drinking bottled water had no any health benefits, hence not any special than the water supplied by most municipalities. She decided to publish her exact findings. Whereas her position is likely to get the support of her seniors, the Spring Natural Water Company, which has an advertising company, is determined to prevent the findings going public because it is likely Continue reading...

Disruptive Behavior Disorders as Predictors of Adult Criminality

Disruptive behavior disorders are characterized by high rates of defiant, hostile, and non-compliant behaviors, which usually include hyperactivity and aggressiveness (Fonagy, Target, Cottrell, Phillips & Kurtz, 2005). According to DSM-IV, these behaviors can be categorized under the following headings: attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorders (ADHD), conduct disorder (CD), and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) (Fonagy et al., 2005).
Conduct disturbance covers a broad range of behaviors that manifest in somewhat different ways at various ages of the same child across various settings. The symptoms of disturbances of conduct are often subjective as they can range from merely annoying behaviors such as temper tantrums, whining, Continue reading...

Introduction

"To lie is to state something that one knows to be false or that one has not reasonably ascertained to be true with the intention that it be taken for the truth by oneself or someone else’ (Aldert Vrij 2011) .In spite of our intentions in everyday life, we all are all faced with situations that require our economy with the truth. The discussion below explores the types of lies, reasons why people tell such lies with emphasis on the benefits that accrue to liars from their actions. The giveaway cues of detecting them and the ethical issues surrounding Continue reading...

Q1 .What are the main arguments put forwards by Jensen in the paper, i.e. what is it about?

In Jensen’s paper “Value Maximization, Stakeholder Theory, and the Corporate Objective Function,” he discusses the aforementioned concepts in detail, discussing how they are applicable in the workplace world (if at all). Mostly, Jensen deals with just how viable these theories, as presented, are for workplace use, and how easy they are to replicate in individual offices. His overall thesis is that, due to the fact that you can only maximize productivity in one dimension at a time, you must choose Continue reading...

As earlier discussed, we anticipated starting a casual Friday in our work place and we were promised that it will be put to effect. But our superiors are hesitant as they are not sure of the effect of casual Fridays on our clients, they are however yet to give us the green light on the matter.
And just to enlighten those who do not know the difference, a casual Friday means wearing business casual. This means we can wear dress shoes, casual blouses, Continue reading...