Essays on Arrest

Law

Arrest can be regarded as a form of deprivation of liberty of a person, which is a guaranteed right under the Constitution. This process shall deal with the use of force by the police officers that may result to a humiliating and demeaning course of action. Arrest has been regarded as a de facto punishment since it is done even before any trial proceeding takes place, and prior to the sentencing process which provides for punishment. Under the present rules, arrest can only be done by the police as a measure of last resort, after all other options had been exhausted. In the decision ...

Is the survival rate in ‘sudden death’ cardiac patients increased

when automated external defibrillators are used?

Introduction

Synthesis of Literature: Studies 1, 2, 3, 4 & 5 - Aim of study - Methodology - Results - Conclusion

Synthesis and Relevance to Research topic

Conclusion - Summary Table

Is the survival rate in ‘sudden death’ cardiac patients increased

when automated external defibrillators are used?

Introduction

This literature review encompasses five studies relating evidence based practice regarding survival rates in ‘sudden death’ cardiac patients. These rates would be examined in relation to the use automated external defibrillators. Assessments of the research aims, methodology, results/ conclusions will be embraced.

Synthesis of Literature

Study 1 Aim Comilla Sasson; Mary A.M. Rogers; Jason Dahl and Arthur L. Kellermann (2009) ...

Parameters to make a citizen arrest:

Most of the States only allow one to make a citizen’s arrest if a person commits a felony in a citizen’s presence. One could also be arrested if they aren’t seen commit a crime but suspected reasonably that he/she person has committed a crime. The state statutes determine whether a citizen can make an arrest or not. Every state has different laws regarding various scenarios.

The legislation that defines a citizen's powers of arrest:

The legislation that allows a person, to make a citizen's arrest, states: - A person who isn’t a part of the police force may arrest another person without a warrant if he/ she are sure on reasonable grounds ...

Thesis

The word felony means a very serious crime that has been brought up against a person. It is a crime that is considered to have high levels of seriousness, for example Murder. A person who commits a felony is known as a felon. This paper reviews all the steps that are taken on a felon from the arrest to their conviction in state courts in the United States.

Arrest

There are different ways that a felon can be arrested. This starts with an arrest by the citizens or the police department. A citizen arrest is one which an individual who is not a police officer arrests them after ...

Introduction and Approval

For this particular research, the organization would need to provide the relevant support needed to make it a success. Moreover, more support would be required from fellow staff. This step would be vital in ensuring that the entire healthcare centre is a part of the study.This essay includes strategies that would be used to train nurses on the basics concerning earlier administration of therapeutic hypothermia to patients suffering cardiac arrest. In this essay, the methods of carrying out the research would be outlined in details. In addition, all the strategies involved and their outcomes will be looked into. For this study ...

Introduction and Approval

For this particular research, the organization would need to provide the relevant support needed to make it a success. Moreover, more support would be required from fellow staff. This step would be vital in ensuring that the entire healthcare centre is a part of the study.This essay includes strategies that would be used to train nurses on the basics concerning earlier administration of therapeutic hypothermia to patients suffering cardiac arrest. In this essay, the methods of carrying out the research would be outlined in details. In addition, all the strategies involved and their outcomes will be looked into. For this study ...

United States v. Crews: Case 445 U.S. 463

Description of the findings

The case was presented in court on October 31, 1979, and the verdict presented on March 25, 1980 (U.S Supreme court, 1980). It is based on the fourth amendment and the implications presented by arresting an individual without probable cause. It is about a woman who on January 3, 1974, got robbed at gunpoint by a male who forced his way into a stall she occupied in the restroom. He went ahead and made sexual advancement to her and threatened to kill her if she asked for help in less than twenty minutes after he left the restroom. ...

Abstract

This research paper discusses post resuscitation Hypothermia use in Emergency medical services. Post therapeutic hypothermia improves the patient’s health outcomes by lowering the risks of injuring the tissues. The therapy increases the mortality of the cardiac arrest survivors. The therapy maintains a therapeutic hypothermia for 24 hours at a target temperature of 330 C, and it increases the survival chances. The therapy prevents brain damage by reducing the demand of oxygen in the brain. The main methods used in conducting the therapy using cooling blankets, ice water lavage, cooling helmets, ice packs, and cooling catheters. The diseases that require the ...

Introduction

Unconsciousness (not alert condition) and cardiac arrest are closely related kind of disorders that affect the perfusion of blood in the brain leading to the victim being unresponsive to the external surroundings. Unconsciousness is rapid change of the mental state which involves almost total lack of responsiveness to the environment and people; an example is when a person is in a comatose state. Decrease in blood pressure to the brain and reduction of oxygen supply to the organ can also lead to temporary unconsciousness which is regarded as fainting. The common cause for lost of consciousness is traumatic brain injury, severe ...

Criminal justice research project

Overview The respect and application of the rule of law is the integral function of the criminal justice system. Criminal justice system can be termed as collective institutions of implementing justice through upholding the constitution. Such institutions aid in mitigating and preventing crime, in the line of maintaining integrity, transparency and coexistence of the society. What is more, criminal justice institutions incorporate powerful structures, which propagate quality implementation of criminal justice. Similarly, criminal justice system is a process that entails arresting, investigating, prosecuting and imprisonment of criminals who violate the rule of law. AS a result, criminal justice system can ...

It is with no doubt that police officers are always there to help in taking firm actions against any crime, which can be expressed as their sole duty in today’s society. However, police have the right to arrest any law offender in three instances; when crime is committed in their presence, any felony crime committed and an arrest warrant. However, this paper seeks to understand the first two, which will explain warrantless arrests, policies related, laws and justices related to such cases. Warrantless arrests can be done when an offence is committed in the presence of an ...

Drugs such as marijuana and cocaine and amphetamines and heroin together with drug-addiction are correlated to crime in a number of ways. Being a criminal offence to use, to be in possession, to produce, or to dispense these drugs, they are categorized as prohibited. The upshots of usage of drugs, including aggression, including robbery to obtain funds to acquire drugs, including aggression against competitor traffickers, affect the society every day and are criminal effects. A number of treatment alternatives are on hand to tackle inmates' requirements and conditions in the correctional system. Drug treatment programs in correctional centres most often than ...

Kleck and Barnes Article Analysis Project

Basic issue Arguably, many people over the years have stated that more police officers should be employed as it negatively encourages potential criminals from committing crimes. An example is during President Clinton’s tenure when congress passed the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994. The Act allowed the federal government to hire 100,000 police officers nationally. This article examines if employing more officers affects the rate of criminal activity in the area. Specialists in this field however argue that the said policy had been poorly researched at the time. However, Kleck and Barnes (2010) ...

Search and Seizure

Police and law enforcers use the search and seizure in pursuit of criminals in order to obtain evidence required in their prosecution. Search and seizure can be conducted upon a reasonable belief that information or items on premises can be used in committing a criminal offense. Although police can search premises and seize items, the law protects citizens against unreasonable police intrusions. Criminal law defines a search as an intrusion with an intention other than arrest. The United States Supreme Court defined search as any government invasion of personal privacy (Basdeo, 2009). Although the constitution grants people their right to privacy, the ...

The processes involved while handling felony criminals is a safe guard against the criminals, and the processes also helps with willful treatment of the suspected criminals. The processes are specifically designed to impose the constitutional rights of the suspected criminals and the defendants. The process starts from the police contact with the suspected criminal, arrest of the suspected criminal, investigating the crime, trial of the suspected criminal, sentencing and finally the appeal. The major constitutional provisions that regard the criminal procedures are found in the fourth, fifth, sixth and eighth amendment of United States’ constitution (Scheb & Scheb, 2013). The ...

How EMS and medicine community instruction on CPR can improve survival rates

Cardiac arrest refers to the abrupt cessation of cardiac pumping activity which is confirmed by the absence of one, a detectable pulse, two, signs of circulation, three, breathing and finally the lack of a response to stimulation. The immediate management for cardiac arrest entails chest compressions performed during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and defibrillation that is delivery of shocks via a defibrillator to stop the ventricular fibrillation that prompted the cardiac arrest. CPR is an essential emergency measure which consists of a series of measures for delivering oxygenated blood to vital organs like the heart and the brain through artificial respiration and manual cardiac ...

Question 1. What are the unintended consequences of mandatory arrest policies?

Response. Mandatory arrest policies are both excellent tools for law enforcement and problematic tools for law enforcement. In the case of a domestic violence situation, it is always better to try to remove the abuser or aggressor from the situation, because if the police or law enforcement leave and the abuse continues, it can easily escalate (Alvarez & Bachman, 2014). However, mandatory arrest policies can also result in unfair arrests, and there can be problems with utilizing mandatory arrest policies in certain situations. Indeed, in some situations, calling the police can result in both parties being arrested—even the victim (Alvarez & ...

Facts and briefs on this case

Feiner, who is the is the defendant in this case is convicted of a misdemeanor, a disorderly conduct under the laws of the State of New York, which is the plaintiff in this case. His arrest follows making remarks the court considers derogatory while addressing both Caucasian and black Americans. The court translates this to imply incitement of the audience to rise against the whites and fight for their rights. Police offers deployed to the scene unsuccessfully stops him from making such speech. Feiner Irving holds a sidewalk gathering speech briefing to invite the audience to attend a meeting at the corner ...

- Reasons for and against parole and probation officers having arrest powers and the right to carry firearms. Parole and probation officers engage with aggressive offenders and work in high risk and hazardous areas. They usually experience violent incidents including threats, attacks by the offender’s dogs, physical violence and resistance from arrest, so they need to carry firearms for personal defense and have arresting authority. According to the National Center for Policy Analysis, criminals under community release commit approximately 15 murders per day hence proper arming and arrest powers is necessary in defensive situations. Arming probation and ...

Abstract

Generally, individuals have reasonable expectations of personal privacy and discretion in their houses. Probable cause is essentially a standard by which an agent of the law seeks to apply for a warrant of arrest, conduct a personal or property search, make an arrest or perform other legal processes while contemplating criminal charges. In various jurisdictions such as the United States probable cause can also be used to denote the standard to which the grand jury considers that an offense has been committed (Mitchell, 2012). Basically, the right to security of persons and their property is not to be interfered without a convincing reason.

...

The article: Juvenile Drug Court Program Admission, Demeanor and Cherry-picking: A Research Note by J.C Barnes among other authors examines how demeanor of either a parent or a juvenile influences the admission of the juvenile into the Drug Court program for purposes of treatment. It does a critical analysis of 76 case files so as to get a picture of the case whether demeanor indeed influences the admission of juveniles into the program. The second concern of the article is to explore whether the source of such demeanor whether parent or the child is determinant of whether a juvenile is so admitted. The article ...

Floyd, et al. v. City of New York, et al

The rule of law pertaining to the Floyd, et al. v. City of New York, et al case is discussed below. The proceedings of the case raised two critical questions that had public importance. The rule of law requires that every individual and any organization to be subjected to the constitution and persons are allowed to be above the rule of the law. The issue of whether to allow the New York City Police Department (“NYPD”) to violate the Constitution of the United States is complicated because the frisks ...

There are at least four alleged crimes and one possible civil suit in the case study. The alleged crimes include obstruction of justice, resisting arrest, possession of illegal drugs and a case of domestic violence. The potential civil suit in the case study is that of use of deadly force during arrest. This paper will briefly and concisely canvas each of these legal actions. The lady who approached Officer Jones and reported that she has been robbed and assaulted committed the offense of obstruction of justice. She lied to a police officer that she was attacked by a robber wearing a red ...

Habeas Corpus, Explained

According to Fallon and Meltzer (2007), the writ of habeas corpus serves as a protection against unlawfully made arrests. The US Constitution states that it “shall not be suspended, unless when in cases of rebellion or invasion the public safety may require it” (U.S. Const. art. I, § 9). Therefore, habeas corpus serves as a remedy against unwarranted arrests stated under the US Constitution and it shares relevant connections to other constitutional civil rights protections. The use of habeas corpus is highly relevant to other civil rights such as fair trial and due process. ...

Plea/Verdict: Not guilty by reason of insanity/Guilty but insane (GBI)

Total Days in Jail: 248 Present Offences: The defendant has been found guilty of felony murder, aggravated assault, kidnapping, burglary, and possession of Schedule I drugs. Penalty Range: O.C.G.A. § 16-5-1 (d), felony murder; punishable by death, by imprisonment for life without parole, or by imprisonment for life. O.C.G.A. § 16-5-21 (c), aggravated assault upon a peace officer while the peace officer is engaged in his or her official duties; punishable by imprisonment for not less than five nor more than 20 years. O.C.G.A. § 16-5-40 (b), kidnapping, victim received bodily injury; punishable by life imprisonment or by death. O.C.G.A. § 17-10-6.1, kidnapping ...

Introduction

A criminal justice process is normally followed to ensure an individual’s rights are not abused. According to Moak and Carlson (3), the criminal justice process aims to ensure that relevant fact-finding is conducted in an effort to establish the truth. The criminal justice procedure needs to be done in accordance or by not being in contrary to an individual’s right as stipulated in the Fourth, Fifth, Sixth, Eighth and Fourteen amendments of the U.S. Constitution. Moak and Carlson (4) note that a criminal justice process needs to involve intensive cross-examination of both prosecution witness (the arresting officer and ...

Application of the Criminal Justice System

The criminal justice system operates on a very wide-range perspective. Aside from the scope, the same system also works on a case-to-case standards that requires the arresting officer, the investigator or any criminal justice agents’ capacity to make best and appropriate judgment. In a statistics released by the Federal Bureau of Investigation, it suggests that in 2009, the crime rate in the United States is has been decreasing significantly from when the agency has stated recording crime rate in 1980’s. In fact, from 13,403 in 1980 down to 10,639 in 2009, overall crime rate had been reduced (U.S. Census ...

The fourth amendment to the US Constitution provides and ensures one of the fundamental human rights. This amendment guarantees freedom against unreasonable search and seizure by public servants and officials or any other agents of the US government. In order to conduct search and seizures legally, such officials and governmental agents are required to have reasonable ground, on the basis of which they receive specific warrant. There are many cases concerning this constitutional amendment that were considered and decided by the US Supreme Court. And the landmark decision in this sphere is Tennessee v. Garner. According to the ...

Hands-only Cardiopulmonary has emerged as a new form of resuscitation, which avoids the use of mouth to mouth method. It has become popular, with many people being trained on how to use it. The method, also known as the bystander CPR has made people who were reluctant to learn on the first aid response of mouth to mouth are more comfortable to learn and use the above method. According to a national medical research report, a mere twenty-five percent of the individuals who suffer cardiac arrest receive CPR. The rest have to wait for medical attention from paramedics. Hence, a good number lose ...

Write an essay that considers the criminal process from arrest through sentencing and appeal. Identify and evaluate the strengths and weaknesses inherent in the process along each step in the process. In your evaluation, discuss how these weaknesses might be corrected. What factors push against their correction? Also, assess how factors external to the criminal justice system such as budgetary and political realities impact the identified strengths and weaknesses.

Introduction

Criminal process known otherwise as criminal procedure is characterized by three phase of pre-trial, during trial and after trial. Most often criminal process is set in motion upon arrest of ...

Cardiac Resuscitation in Pregnancy

Cardiac arrests in pregnant women are rare – with only one incidence in 30,000 – but it can be a terrifying situation (Campbell & Sanson, 2009; Engels, Caddy, Jiwa & Matheson, 2011; Morris & Stacey, 2003). Pregnant women can undergo cardiac arrest due to various conditions that occur during pregnancy, while in labor and delivery, and during the postpartum period (Martin, 2003). These include complications of PIH, infection, and hemorrhage. Hemorrhage, in particular, can result in disseminated intravascular coagulopathy (DIC), placenta previa, placental abruption, and uterine atony (Martin, 2003). Similarly, complications from anestheria, amniotic fluid embolism, and pulmonary embolism can result in cardiac arrest ...

Introduction

The Civil Rights movements were a sequence or succession of political movements for equality, and it took the form of campaigns of civil resistance that was aimed at attaining transformations. Worth noting was the fact that the campaigns were non-violent and civil disobedience pushing for minority’s rights, women rights, as well voting rights. Such rights and privileges were not entitled to the Black Americans according to the United States Constitution especially in the Southern States. The disobedience and protests that were opted for by the Black Americans were boycotts (Brooks, 2008). By illustration, the Montgomery Bus Boycott and rallies ...

Introduction

The quest to bring justice in highly democratic and constitutional societies like the US is on many occasions a double-edged sword. While many people and indeed the constitution provides for privacy and freedoms under the Fourth Amendment and other related sections; increased complexity of crime calls for a certain level of intrusion into people’s privacy in order to ensure a safe and just society. The Federal Wiretap Act (1986) is a delicate Act that is premised on fighting crime through eavesdropping of communications. Scope of a wiretap order and possible constitutional violations of extending an original court order The Federal Wiretap Act ...

The fundamental concept of the criminal justice system is to identify the conduct that can harm individuals and the community and for the state to provide an appropriate measure to prevent, control and punish criminal acts (Purpura, 1997). There are various branches in the criminal justice systems that are involved in the effective implementation of the law and to punish the offenders. Five system components of the criminal justice systems are identified namely the law enforcement, prosecution, defense attorneys, courts and corrections with each playing an important role in the systematic implementation of the criminal justice system both in ...

Miranda v. Arizona, Terry v. Ohio

The case involves an appeal in the U.S. Supreme Court against conviction of Ernest Miranda for rape and kidnapping of a young woman and sentencing him for 20 to 30 years of imprisonment on each charge to run concurrently.

Facts of the case

Ernest Miranda, a young Mexican man about 28 years old, kidnapped and raped an 18-year old woman Lois Ann Jameson while she had been returning home from Paramount Theater in downtown Phoenix where she worked along with a coworker and after she got down from the bus alone. After complaining to the police, Lois could not identify ...

The Bill of Rights is a collection of the first ten amendments of the United States Constitution. The rights protect the liberty, natural rights and the property of American citizens (Vile, 2010). The following is an analysis of three of the amendments and a reviewing of one of the amendments.

Amendment 1: Freedoms, Petitions and Assembly

Overview This amendment states that congress shall make no laws that undermine the right of the people to exercise the freedoms to assemble, speech, press and petition the government (ushistory.org). It outlaws the establishment of a state or federal religion and gives people the freedom to assemble and belong to religions ...

Relevance model of criminal justice in Warren Court

The relevant model was applied in the Warren court to formulate their decision concerning the criminal cases was the crime control model. The police and authority presumed the individuals to be guilty and treated them as guilty rather than suspects. The model assumes when a person has been arrested on crime charges, they must be considered guilty and should face punishment for their crimes (Scheingold, 1997). The court therefore applied this model to rule the cases on individualism basis not communism. The court argued that the individual rights were not protected during the police procedure. The perpetrators were tortured ...

History of Women in US from 1800

- Definition of the civil rights movement - a force/movement that fought for equal rights before the law - Strategies of the movement- campaigns, non-violent protests, civil unrest and armed rebellion - Fronts of the civil rights movement- abolition of slavery, the rights of the minorities (particularly the African Americans), the rights to vote and women rights - Thesis statement- despite women playing a critical role in the fight for the civil rights, they have often been overlooked - The anti-segregation struggle - Jim Crow system- entrenched racial segregation in public and private establishment, voter disfranchisement ...

Introduction

The history of marijuana in the twentieth century has been a slow process for its social acceptance. This process of acceptance still continued in twenty-first century. If we look into the history, In the 1936 a movie "Reefer Madness," shows marijuana smokers, they were portrayed as morally depraved fiends. In 1950s, marijuana was considered as a dangerous drug, people assumes that marijuana was a stepping stone towards the use of heroin and more dangerous drugs. In 1979, In a pole by CBS News, New York showed that27 percent of Americans were in favored legalization of marijuana by taxing it. Slowly but consistently, the social ...

Clearance rate in criminal justice is computed by dividing the total number of cleared crimes by the total number of crimes in the records. It is normally used to discern the total number of crimes that have been solved by the police. Clearance rate is not a good criterion in comparing the various police services and gauging the performance of the police services. A crime rate gives the frequency and the pace at which crimes takes place overtime in the society. Given that crimes normally occur secretly, accurate measurements of its occurrence is almost impossible. Many ways of measuring crime ...

Cardiac arrests, in patients after a hospital stay are common, with an estimated yearly incidence of 36 to 128 per 100 000 patients in developed countries. (WHO, 2001) This is associated with a high mortality rate with a many patients having poor neurologic outcomes. (Mayer, 2002) In view of this, The Hypothermia after Cardiac Arrest (HACA) study was conducted in five European countries with an objective of determining whether mild hypothermia increases the rate of neurologic recovery in patients who have suffered a cardiac arrest. The study included 275 patients out of 3551 patients assessed for eligibility. It was a blinded, multicentre, randomised ...

In the case of the State of Arizona v. Gant, the question being addressed before the court was whether or not, under the 4th Amendment, law enforcement officers need to have their safety threatened or a need to preserve evidence in order to search a vehicle without a warrant after the occupants have been arrested. Arizona state police arrested Rodney Gant on an outstanding warrant for driving a motor vehicle with a suspended license. The officers handcuffed Gant and he was placed in their squad car. He was locked inside of the car. After Gant was secured, police searched his vehicle. They found a ...

Introduction

Police Discretion is exceptionally significant in the Criminal Justice system. It is the capacity of a police officer to make a decision out of a situation based on various circumstances. Police officers are adequately trained on how to respond to situations they may encounter while in the course of executing their routine duties. Sometimes while in the field, they may face a problem which does not fall under their training, and, thus compelled to deal with such a situation. It is not possible for the training to cover every aspect a police officer encounters in the line of duty. Laws do not cross over to ...

Statistics from the American department of justice reveal massive disparities in the numbers of incarcerated people among the Hispanic, African Americans and the whites (Caucasians). Going by statistics, a considerably large number of African Americans (10%) were behind the bars as opposed to only 2.4% and 1.2% of Hispanic whites and non-Hispanic whites respectively (Travis, Western, Redburn & National Research Council U.S, 2014). The aforementioned figures give a big picture of the incarceration disparities as of the year 2003.In addition, these statistics attest to the fact that at the age of between 25 to 29years, African American males are more likely ...

Abstract

All law enforcement agencies provide a valuable public service that is intended to keep every citizens safe. Law enforcers have the noble duty of maintaining peace and order within the community and to ensure that they render services that will protect and serve for the public welfare. While the police officers are endowed with the highest duty of protecting the community, conduct arrests and seizures, fight criminals and even put their own safety and life at risk in the line of duty, very few procedural and administrative protections were provided for law enforcers. In view of the foregoing, the federal ...

In this presentation, I will be making a presentation to the court seeking an arrest warrant against one Damien Jones following the murder of Paul “Shorty” Alcorn. I have sufficient evidence to enable me to present a prima facie case against the said accused person. That evidence ranges from police reports regarding the homicide, police reports regarding the robbery with violence; we have forensic reports and also the analysis of the forensic reports. In the analysis of the forensic reports, we will be looking at the various pieces of evidence including documentary evidence. We also have the various property records of ...

Abstract

The following paper is dedicated to the analysis of court martial proceedings in the United States of America. The paper is aimed not only at discussing the proceedings themselves in the light of constitutional rights of the accused, but comparing court-martial process with the one, existing in civilian courts. Starting point of the work deals with discussing types and competences of courts-martial, as well as highlighting general issues related to their functioning. Thereafter different stages of the process are described with an emphasis on their differences from the ones of the civilian courts’ process. Selected procedural safeguards (e.g., presumption ...

For example Elizabeth L. Angeli, Department of Psychology, State University.

This research was supported in part by a grant from the Sample Grant Program. Angeli, Department of English, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 55555 Use of force by police officers in Pennsylvania In Pennsylvania the police officers are allowed to use deadly and non-deadly force. However the deadly force that my cause serious physical harm or even death should be used with caution. The deadly force can only be used as a last resort when other methods of arrest fail. On the other hand the non-deadly force ...

Criminal Procedures Constitution and Society

Prosecutorial Misconduct Problems Overview In legal terms, prosecutorial misconduct is referred to as procedural defense wherein a defendant may argue that they should not be held liable to any criminal acts leading to breaking the law on the grounds that the prosecution intervened in an unacceptable manner (West, 2010). Examples of the problems arising from prosecutorial misconduct are warrantless arrest and or a one-sided prosecution investigation to incriminate a particular person. This leads to biased and selective prosecution entailing a non-favorable Court decision. (1) Describe and explain the rules, cases and reasoning of justices regarding warrantless arrests, according to your ...

Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4, and Q5 Essay

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Q1. Anaphylaxis identification, management and prevention

Anaphylaxis is referred to as an allergic reaction encompassing anaphylactic shock as a severe manifestation of the said allergic reaction according to Sinclair (2010). The average number of the people believed to be at risk of the aforementioned condition is about 1 to 15% if exposed to certain allergens. Experts believe that the estimated figures vary depending on the definitions of reaction (allergyfacts.org.au, n.d.). During an anaphylactic attack, the patient’s body reacts badly to allergens causing by food, venom, medication, and or insect bite. The body has a natural defense mechanism that fights the allergic ...

This paper will be emphasizing on juvenile crime and juvenile crime statistics based on the “Juvenile Arrests 2008 Bulletin” from the OJJDP (Puzzanchera, 2009). Juvenile crime refers to the crimes committed juveniles, children under age of eighteen. The offenses committed juveniles, which are referred to as delinquent acts, would be regarded as crimes if they were committed by adults. Ultimately, juveniles are children who need to be helped before it is too late. There are various theories that suggest why juveniles commit delinquent acts, and the biggest factor that these theories suggest, which influences juveniles into committing delinquent acts, ...

Juvenile crime is a form of crime conducted by a person who is under the legal age of adulthood which results to juvenile arrests. While much has been hypothesized on the scope of juvenile arrest, which have increased significantly in the recent past, poor parenting is the most comprehensive factor that has precipitated the rise of this concern. Children lacking a complete family tend to be the victims of these crimes as they lack role models in their lives. These crimes have been witnessed in various parts in the world and they vary in nature (Paludi, 2011). Some of these crimes include ...

Arguably, the world today has become an avenue of criminal activities. The society has become very volatile, and in most extreme situations, gangs have taken full control of the streets. As a matter of fact, criminal activities affect various sectors of every nation, which include social, economic, as well as political. Therefore, there are many strategies, models and styles that have been established to control crime. In Illinois land area, one of strategies to control crime is community policing. There is a tremendous consensus within the police departments that community policing is among the best strategy for controlling and fighting crime ...

United States v. Leon 468 U.S. 897 (1984) In August 1981, Burbank police received information from a confidential informant about the drug activity of two suspects. Based on that information, the police initiated an extensive surveillance of the residence and persons mentioned by the informant as being involved. Police surveillance revealed a number of others persons, most with criminal records, entering and leaving the surveilled residence with “packages” of varying sizes. A police learned that one of the persons seen at the residence had listed an Alberto Leon as his employer. A check of Leon’s record revealed that he ...

in Terms of the way

Police Response to Domestic Violence

in Terms of the way Police Response to Domestic Violence Domestic violence is one of the least reported crimes. The general consensus is that women are the only victims of domestic violence; however, men suffer from domestic violence too but like most women, they refrain from reporting, as a result, researches use their research to influence police and victims of domestic violence. What is domestic violence? Domestic violence is any kind of assault physical or sexual that is perpetrated on a person by his or her intimate partner. Upon till the turn of ...

A fugitive is a suspect who disappears from a state or country to avoid arrest by the law enforcers of a certain area of jurisdiction. As a result, an arrest warrant is issued by the judge of a certain state or a country authorizing the law enforcers to search and arrest the person. By definition, a fugitive warrant is an arrest warrant that is issued by a judge of a certain jurisdiction to apprehend a suspect who has avoided prosecution and moved to another jurisdiction. Due to the variations in constitutional interpretations of clauses, an extradition procedure is required to guide the law enforcers of both states and nations ...

Miranda v. Arizona, Terry v. Ohio

Facts of the case Ernest Miranda kidnapped and raped an 18-year old woman on her way back home from work after parting company with her coworker on alighting from a bus they had both travelled in. The victim could not identify the perpetrator even though police brought in several suspects. At one stage t police suspected her complaint itself. They made undergo lie-detector test but the test neither could confirm nor deny her innocence. However, after a week of the incident, the victim on her own found the victim and gave leads about him ...

Facts of Case: Three men were riding around about three a.m. on the morning of August 7, 1999 when they were caught speeding by a Baltimore County Police Officer. Donte Partlow, owner of the Nissan Maxima, was driving. The front seat passenger was the defendant Joseph Jermaine Pringle. The rear passenger was Otis Smith. When Partlow took his registration out of the glove compartment, the officer noticed some “rolled-up money in the glove compartment.” After running a warrant check that turned out clean, the officer just gave Partlow a warning about speeding.

After the first officer issued a warning for speeding, a second officer ...

The case before the court faces Mr. John Robinson and Mr. Jim Harrison. Mr. John Robinson is being accused of the murder of Jane Clark and robbery at the Mayfair Bank. Mr. Jim Harrison is accused of being an accomplice in the crimes committed by Mr. John Robinson. There are several ordinary and two expert witnesses to offer sufficient direct, circumstantial and scientific evidence and ensure that the accused persons are convicted of the crimes of homicide and robbery. The first witness is Mr. Bill Simpson the assistant to the deceased head teller Jane Clerk. Jane Clark was ...

Introduction

The use of police discretion is a major challenge to the police today. Police discretion is the availability of a choice of options one can take in a situation. Discretion involves making a judgment and a decision, Dempsey J. (2009). The criminal justice system involves various amounts of discretion. A police can sentence a defendant on bail or order the defendant incarcerated until trial. In police, there are huge cases of discretion because the crimes committed by the people are not always the same. The police have to perform broad discretion behind a façade of performing in ministerial fashion. The police use discretion to arrest, ...