Essays on Filtration

Abstract

Application of the nanofiltration (NF) and ultrafiltration (UF) processes is applied in the handling of water that is produced raw. The application has been investigated in the current day through various studies (Wang 14). The experiment of the processes of both nanofiltration and ultrafiltration is conducted in the laboratory unit which is operated in a pattern of cross flow (Ashaghi, Ebrahimi, & Czermak, 46). The study that was conducted in Oilfield of North Sea using the process of membranes of ultrafiltration (UF) and microfiltration (MF) indicated that the content of hydrocarbon decreased from 50 mg/l to 2 mg/l which recorded ...

Part A

Process, SEQ Water (2016) The flash tank: The water from the river flows to the flash mixer where it is mixed with caustic soda and alum chemicals. The rate of chemical used depends on some sediments and wastes contained in the water. Flocculation chamber: In the flocculation chamber, smaller chemical particles undergo a gentle mixing process allowing them to mix and form large particles known as floccules made up of clay and silt. Floccules enter the sedimentation tank and settle at the bottom of the tank where they are separated and pumped out of the sedimentation tank through a ...

China is a huge country with a booming population. There are millions of people roaming around the city day and night, and street food is one of the most common and cheaply available of foods that the place can offer. However for the food to be cheap, its raw material needs to be cheap as well. Hence, Chinese entrepreneurs came up with a solution of using sewerage waste, animal fats and discarded waste from slaughterhouses and grease traps in order to recycle these and produce usable cooking oil. The process is a step by step one, where a person ...

Problem statement for research purpose: Hypertension can be a cause as well as a consequence of chronic kidney disease (CRD). A number of clinical studies have identified the harmful effects of uncontrolled hypertension on the kidney function (Kokubo, 2012; Berlowitz, 2016)). According to NIH statistics, 23.3% individuals without CKD had hypertension in a representative sample. On the other hand, 35.8% of individuals in stage 1, 48.1% in stage 2, 59.9% of stage 3 and 84.1% in stage 4-5 CKD had hypertension (National Institutes of Health, 2010). In stage 4 CKD, the glomerular filtration is the lowest at <15 ...

The new thing about the Dow filtration process is: it is only half as expensive as desalinating sea water to make it drinkable. This could serve as an economical substitute for imported or desalinated water. With water becoming a precious commodity world over, the unique technology introduced by Dow can be comfortably practiced wherever man lives as a community, and of course, generates waste water. The uniqueness about Dow’s filtration process is the precision of the reverse osmosis membranes that are able to filter even the filthiest wastewater discharged into streams by industries and households. The most novel ...

Introduction

In recent decades, trends in diets tailored to promote weight loss have resulted in a significant increase in the intake of protein, particular in people with overweight and obesity issues. Accordingly, researchers have questioned the benefits or risks linked to the habitual consumption of “dietary protein in excess of recommended intakes” (Martin et al., 2005). In general, the primary concern has involved the possibility that diets rich in protein may increase hyperfiltration and, hence, exacerbate renal damage. Nevertheless, the potential link between protein-rich diets and renal damage has also been questioned due to an absence of adequate clinical evidence. ...

Benefits of email marketing over other types of marketing. ROI(return on investment)is very high and customer is easily reached. Reasons for investing the time and resources the marketing program using bulk email are listed below. Reduced Time & Effort : Postal service,telemarketing are quiet expensive and consume lot of manual labor,other resources. The potential customers may not answer the phone call or miss the post. Marketing using email requires less than two hours. Templates which easily allow changes to be made in the content are used for the purpose. The senders list is retrieved from the ...

Chapter 1

Introduction

XX century was characterized with the significant technological progress, which has improved the life of people. Numerous products and services became available, labor and domestic life became easier and more comfortable. However, waste problem is the other side of the technological progress. The solid, liquid and gas waste are formed, and thus land, natural water and air quality degrade. Therefore, in XXI century the research efforts are dedicated to development of methods for sustainable use of water, gas, and solid resources. Wastewater polluted with dye residuals originate from textile, leather and food industry. These industries produce goods that ...

Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution to yield 4-Bromoacetanilide

Introduction Halogenation is a common process in organic synthesis. It is used in industrial and research synthesis as halogenated compounds are used for numerous widely used goods, including plastics. The lab aimed to perform monohalogenation of acetanilide. The reaction is specific since it is performed without catalyst. The typical halogenation is realized in presence of Lewis acid. Halogens molecules are electrophilic, and do not actively react. In presence of Lewis acid, the interaction is rather active.2 The lab used catalyst-free halogenation. The acetanilide molecule contains the acylated amine. As a result, the electronic density is shifted towards the amine ...

XX century was characterized with the significant technological progress, which has improved the life of people. Numerous products and services became available, labor and domestic life became easier and more comfortable. However, waste problem is the other side of the technological progress. The solid, liquid and gas waste are formed, and thus land, natural water and air quality degrade. Therefore, in XXI century the research efforts are dedicated to development of methods for sustainable use of water, gas, and solid resources. Wastewater polluted with dye residuals originate from textile, leather and food industry. These industries produce goods that are ...

Lab 2 – Water Quality and Contamination

Abstract In this lab, the water quality, contamination, and treatment were investigated. The ability of contaminants (oil, vinegar, and laundry detergent) to remain in the water after passing through the ground was examined. Also, the simple filtering procedure was assessed for its effectivity in purifying water contaminated with soil. The quality of tap water, Fiji, and Dasani bottled waters by the content of ammonia, chlorides, iron, phosphates, total alkalinity, total chlorine, total hardness, and pH was analyzed and compared. All of the studied contaminants proved to remain in the volume of water after passing through the soil; the proposed ...

Absorption

Absorption is the process through which biomolecules traverse through the GI tract into the circulatory system. Digested food gets absorbed in the small intestinal lumen through four processes, which include active transport, passive transport, endocytosis and facilitative diffusion. The efficiency of absorption of nutrients may be attributed to the large surface area lined up with hair like projections and microvilli cells .

Excretory System

Excretion is the mechanism through which waste products and eliminated from the body and osmotic pressure and homeostasis is achieved in the body . The process of excretion in the body takes place in three stages: filtration, reabsorption and ...

The issues faced by the Indian River Lagoon is quite similar to that of many rivers, lakes, and even oceans from various locations of the world. The steady decline in the marine population of the lagoon escalated to alarming rates by the end of the last decade. A few legislations that were passed in the early nineties to limit trawling in the estuarine region and as well as the direct dumping of untreated sewage wastes, had proved effective in the past. But later into the decade, the rescue efforts to salvage the lagoon and the ecosystem associated with it, ...

Introduction

The SA Aquatic & Leisure Centre is located in the City of Marion, South Australia, and provides 1,000 square meters of leisure water. It was built after an increase in demand for more comprehensive sporting facilities in the area. With the support of the local government, the centre was built to host international and national aquatic sporting events. The motivation for this was to bring back elite sport into the state of South Australia. Not only does the centre host elite sporting events, but it also has facilities for the general public to enjoy all year around. In addition ...

An Assignment Submitted by

Abstract This research paper studies the problem of choice between tap and bottled water, and the reasons why most people in the developed countries prefer bottled water over tap water. For this research paper 5 external sources of information were used. "Most Plastic Products Release Estrogenic Chemicals: A Potential Health Problem That Can Be Solved" by PubMed Central (PMC) presents the results of a study of plastic bottles in which bottled water is contained after packaging. Under certain circumstances like hot weather such plastic bottles can release dangerous chemicals into the water. “Thirst for bottled water may hurt environment” ...

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Urinary System

Kidneys are the main organs of the urinary system that filter around 200 liters of blood and purify it through excreting excessive water, toxins, electrolytes and metabolic wastes that assist in maintaining body’s fluid equilibrium. The other components of the urinary system are ureters, urethra and urinary bladder (Marieb & Hoehn, 2003). The urinary system can be differentiated into main four parts, kidney, bladder, ureters, and urethra. Kidneys are secured by the tri-layered arrangement that includes an outer renal fascia composed of fibrous connective tissues, a middle ...

Chapter #16:

Question 1. Insect-eating birds will decrease in number since their source of food has been reduced. The birds may also migrate to warmer areas during this period.

Question 2.

The habitat is the specific place where the organism lives e.g. a fish’s habitat is water. On the other hand, niche is the position and the role played by the organism in an ecosystem. It includes how the organism obtain food and shelter, the mode of survival, and the mode of reproduction (Sutton & Anderson, 2009, p. 46). For instance, a lion’s niche in the ecosystem is that of a predator.Question ...

Pyrogens are agents produced by bacteria, molds, viruses, and yeasts, which are known for causing fever and fever-related illnesses (Yaman, 23). Pyrogens tend to cause fevers by causing unprecedented rises in body temperature, which then leads to fever. This is usually a response by the body when fighting against an infectious disease. Pyrogens are thus produced, where they travel to the brain and disturb the hypothalamus which regulates temperature(pg. 24). Since pyrogens are harmful when they are injected into human bodies, they have to be minimized. The process of removing pyrogens in pharmaceuticals is called depyrogenation. It is ...

LifeStraw: Science and Technology

LifeStraw is a product developed by the Swiss company Vestergaard Frandsen, which consists of a water filter that removes 99.99% of waterborne bacteria, protozoan parasites and viruses, allowing the user to obtain clean drinking water directly from containers, streams, lakes or other sources of potentially contaminated water. The Oxford Dictionary defines science as the intellectual and practical activity encompassing the systematic study of the structure and behavior of the physical and natural world through observation and experiment. In order to develop the LifeStraw, scientific experiments were conducted to understand the process of water purification and develop an innovative method ...

QUESTIONS ON BIOCHEMISTRY

Questions on Biochemistry Describe the difference between an obligate and a facultative aerobe. Obligate and facultative aerobes are the same in terms of their ability to use oxygen in their respiration process. However, obligate aerobes requires oxygen to oxidize substrates such as sugar and fat to produce ATP (energy). Obligate aerobes are more efficient in converting substrates to ATP. The key process in aerobic respiration is the conversion of sugar to ATP shown in reaction 1 below:

In the reaction 36 molecules of ATP is produced per molecule of glucose. It is actually a slow process which comprises 3 ...

Background information

The need for clean water for use by humanity has since time immemorial been an area of concern with scientists and scholars inventing methods that prove to be more efficient than their predecessors. The ultimate goal has always been the removal of undesirable chemicals and pathogens that would, however, render the water unfit for human and industrial consumption. In today’s contemporary society, human activity has culminated into pollution of the natural environment including water catchment areas. This has therefore made water unfit for consumption thereby prompting for more cost-effective and efficient methods for purification of this natural resource. ...

Report on Arsenic-Free Water Filters

Introduction

Arsenic concentration in water varies depending on the source. This report is based on the discussion of the measures of reducing the levels of arsenic in the tube-well water. In this case, three criterions are selected for the study. Each of the methods chosen will enumerate its merits and demerits that suit the application.

Problem

Arsenic is semi-metal element found in the periodic table. It is an odorless, tasteless element that occurs naturally in water, rocks and soils, air, plants and animals. Arsenic poisoning from various water sources such as well present a significant problem across the globe. The ...

Section

Introduction The purpose of this lab was to find the amount and percentage of nickel present in an unknown compound using the "mole method." The unknown nickel compound was dissolved in water and treated with dimethylglyoxime and ammonia solutions to obtain the precipitate of known chemical composition (bis(dimethylglyoximo)nickel(II)), which then was weighed and using this data the amount and percentage of nickel in the initial compound were found. The insoluble Ni(DMG)2 complex is formed in two steps. First, the dimethylglyoxime reacts with hydroxide ion formed through the ammonia hydrolysis to produce dimethylglyoximate anion: C4H8N2O2( ...

Introduction

At an old age, multiple medical medicals are almost unavoidable. The wellness of the body reduces and several elements may contribute to the ill condition of the individual. The elderly need special care with proper medical interventions. Geriatrics is a specialty aiming at resolving medical issues for old people. It is significant in promoting prevention as well as treatment of diseases in older adults. The medical wellness for the elderly is affected by some factors. One of the most sensitive factors influencing the participation of older individuals in medication regimen is the irresponsiveness of the body to the drugs. ...

[Client Name] Water is a colourless and odourless liquid, and is very important for human development and survival. It covers 75% of the earth's surface and is mostly found in lakes, rivers and seas. In addition, the human body comprises 78% of water. Water is an interesting molecule and consists of one oxygen atom and two hydrogen atoms. It is covalently bonded and possesses a very interesting characteristic, i.e. polarity. Polarity ensures that water is an effective medium for the dissolution of other polar compounds. In so doing, water is an enabler for many biological reactions (“The Chemistry of ...