Essays on Cardiovascular System

Complete the following questions:

What factors contribute to malnutrition in both developing countries and developed countries? Answer: The causes of malnutrition are diverse in developed and developing countries. The factors are determined by the availability of food, types of food and demographical influences. In developing countries, the main reason is unavailability of food. On the other hand, the reason for malnutrition in developed countries is high calorie diet lacking in essential vitamins and minerals. Obesity and overweight are also forms of malnutrition (Mandal).

What foods might be economically introduced to these diets to help address the problem?

Answer: For developing countries, the need of the hour is to provide Protein and Calorie rich food. Pulses can act ...

As it is widely known, health is not just about an absence of illness, but an overall physical wellbeing, as well as mental and spiritual health. To stay healthy and effectively prevent illnesses, an individual shall regularly undertake comprehensive assessments of his/her health. Apart from visiting a doctor, it is also crucial that he/she is able to assess his/her wellness himself or herself and conclude whether there is a need to take action. Reflecting on the results of my most recent health assessment, I can claim that I have a good overall wellbeing. I do not feel any specific ...

Abstract

Traumatic brain injury is an acquired injury to the brain that results from an external blunt or penetrating force to the head while; intentional hypoxia is the loss of oxygen supply to the brain which leads to a continuum of injury severity. A review of current literature on this topic suggests that comparisons can be readily drawn between traumatic brain injury and hypoxic brain injury in a rehabilitation setting. Even so, diagnosis of hypoxic brain injury and traumatic brain injury is essential in providing guidance on decisions of treatment. Treating intentional hypoxia, however, involves an establishment of the desired ...

The human body and the way in which it operates is a wonder in itself, but there are many more wondrous systems which keep this body going in the way that it does. One such system is the circulatory system which is exclusively responsible for the distribution of blood towards all of the organs scattered within the body. There are many organs and a scattered network of blood vessels which all come together to get this system up and running, and any hitch in any one of these individual blood carriers could become tedious and sometimes even chronic for ...

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Question 1: Pathophysiology of Mr. Jensen’s post-operative hypovolemia

Hypovolemia is a surgical condition that indicates the rapid fluid loss that may result in organ failures. The outcomes of the hypovolemia are mostly due to insufficient circulating volume or scarce perfusion. Often hypovolemia is secondary to hemorrhage the reason of which includes severe internal or external blood loss and GI, thoracic and abdominal bleeding maladies (Devitt, 2001). Hypovolemia involves significant fluid loss other than blood that can be further accompanied by refractory gastroenteritis and widespread burns. Hypovolemia may develop in post-surgical incidence, bone fracture, due to ...

Cardiovascular system

The cardiovascular system is also known as the circulatory system, and it is the body’s transportation system that comprises the heart, blood vessels, and blood. The system does the work of transporting oxygen, hormones, cellular waste products and nutrients to all the parts of the body. The use of blood transports all the products, and it is approximated that the body of an adult makes use of five liters of blood to transport the products from one part to the other. Blood is pumped from the heart through the arteries then gets into body tissues through capillaries (Inner ...

Summarize the role of each of the 12 human body systems.

Skeletal System: The role of the skeletal system is to provide a framework to give support and act as a defense for the soft tissues within the human body.

Muscular System: The role of the muscular system is to be accountable for all movement within the human body.

Cardiovascular System: The role of the cardiovascular system is to be accountable for the movement of nutrients, oxygen, hormones, and cellular waste products all over different parts of the body. Digestive System: The role of the digestive system is to transform food into energy and basic vitamins to nourish the whole human body. Endocrine System: The role of the endocrine system is to regulate the activities of all of the ...

The cardiovascular system consists of blood, the heart, and the circulatory system, which includes veins, arteries, and capillaries. The function of these organs is to transport oxygen from the lungs to cells throughout the body. Each organ system in the body is essential in providing homeostasis in the human body. However, the actions of the cardiovascular system are critical to human life. Many physicians, scientists, and other professionals dedicate their life to the understanding of the cardiovascular system and its diseases so that people can live longer and more productive lives. This paper will discuss the general anatomy of ...

Abstract 3

Carbon Monoxide (CO) Properties and Uses 4

Sources of CO Emission and Toxicokinetics 4

Exposure Limits for CO, Sampling and Analysis 6 Protocols for Industrial CO Sampling and Analysis 6 Carbon Monoxide in Substance Priority List (SPL) 7 CO Contaminated Superfund Site 8 Carbon Monoxide Explosion Case Study with Recommendations 8 References 10 Abstract Carbon Monoxide (CO) is a colorless, odorless gas, which results from incomplete combustion of carbon containing fuels, and has several applications such as effective reducing agent and manufacture of various hydrocarbons. CO is a major indoor air pollutant, and is released when combustion is carried out in confined spaces such as mines ...

Abstract

The literature defines hypertension as a medical condition experienced when the systolic blood pressure (BP) is equal or greater than 140 mm Hg or when the diastolic blood pressure is equal or greater than 90 mm Hg. Additionally, it offers a description of systematic, cellular, as well as molecular causes of hypertension. High blood pressure within the arteries is referred to as systemic hypertension (SH). The primary role of the systemic arteries is the transportation of oxygenated blood from the heart to the tissues of the body. The constriction of the arterioles (small arteries) is responsible for the high ...

Absorption

Absorption is the process through which biomolecules traverse through the GI tract into the circulatory system. Digested food gets absorbed in the small intestinal lumen through four processes, which include active transport, passive transport, endocytosis and facilitative diffusion. The efficiency of absorption of nutrients may be attributed to the large surface area lined up with hair like projections and microvilli cells .

Excretory System

Excretion is the mechanism through which waste products and eliminated from the body and osmotic pressure and homeostasis is achieved in the body . The process of excretion in the body takes place in three stages: filtration, reabsorption and ...

The cardiovascular system consists of the heart and blood vessels that get bifurcated further into veins, capillaries, and arteries. Lungs and airways make the most of the respiratory system; these, coupled with other structures help in the inhalation and exhalation process. Muscles are the other part of the system that helps the lungs to expand and contract in sync with inhalation and exhalation. Absorption starts in the body after the food is broken down into its building blocks. The process of absorption starts in the abdomen with the direct consumption of simple substances( e.g. water and alcohol) into the ...

Lab Report for Circulatory system

Introduction & background information:- The circulatory system is a large interconnected network of organs and vessels which causes the flow of blood, nutrients, oxygen, hormones and various gasses between the cells of the body. If the circulatory system were absent in the human body, it would not be able to defend itself against diseases and illness or to maintain a constant internal environment, for example, the correct temperature or the pH. This process is called homeostasis. Hence, it can be said the circulatory system consists of the heart and the lungs which work in unison for the transportation of blood ...

Cardiovascular diseases are the illnesses of heart and blood vessels (arteries and veins) (World Health Organization). In fact, there are many different diseases of the cardiovascular system, but I would like to highlight the most common.

Arrhythmia

Arrhythmia is a condition in which the frequency, rhythm and sequence of heart contractions are violated. The symptoms occur because of various congenital anomalies, acquired diseases of the cardiovascular system, as well as under the influence of vegetative, hormonal or electrolyte disturbances and as a result of the adverse drug action. Violated heartbeat, weakness and fainting are frequent companions of arrhythmia. The diagnosis ...

The functioning of the cardiorespiratory system

When one breathes in air via the nose and mouth, this air travels to the lungs. Oxygen that is contained within the air gets absorbed into the bloodstream through the lungs. The heart then pumps oxygenated (oxygen-rich) blood via the network of arteries (blood vessels) to the body tissues everywhere around the body. These tissues include organs (such as kidneys and livers), nerves and muscles. Upon arrival at the various tissues, blood releases the carried oxygen. This oxygen is required by body cells to function. Cells dispatch waste products like water and carbon dioxide, which are then absorbed and ...

The cardiovascular and respiratory systems are largely responsible for the transportation of oxygen and carbon dioxide through the body. Respiration consists of both inspiration and expiration. These actions are the methods by which essential oxygen is exchanged with harmful carbon dioxide. While oxygen is brought into the lungs during inhalation to be processed throughout the body, carbon dioxide is brought during exhalation to be removed from the system entirely. Once the oxygen has reached the lungs it is taken up by the bloodstream in order to be distributed to the various cells that require a constant exchange of nutrients ...

Introduction

Wen highly trained, motivated and talented athletes meet for competition there is a very small margin of defeat and victory. When everything else is on a level platform, nutrition becomes the determinant between losing and winning. Many athletes ignore key dietary issues and only focus on supplementing their diet with vitamins, minerals and proteins. Any professional athlete knows the value of nutritional support when it comes to performance(Perez-Schindler, Hamilton, Moore, Baar, & Philp, 2015). There is a lot that is involved including energy requirements, body mass, the type of foods, the sport involved and much more. All these factors ...

What explains the decline in mortality in developed countries? Are there lessons to be learned in relation to the poor in developing countries today? I. Introduction

A. General Information

In general, the mortality level is deservedly considered to be among one of the characteristics that reveals both economic and social health of the certain state and that clearly describes the effectiveness of the policies that governments get used to adopt. In this context, the most significant particular demographic indicators are commonly the following: 1) Infant mortality rate; 2) Maternal mortality rate; 3) Mortality amid able-bodied citizens; 4) Mortality caused by external factors; ...

Introduction

The body is on an ongoing and continuous quest to maintain an environment characterized with equilibrium. Scientifically, this state is called homeostasis. It is the body’s internal mechanism that is meant to make the person survive, despite the numerous internal and external changes it may encounter. The body of a person who was acutely exposed to a colder than usual environment would, for example, react by preserving the heat that is currently stored in and generated by the body—something which can be done in a lot of ways such as, but may not be limited to vasoconstriction, ...

in the Development of Heart Diseases I. Topic Sentence Passive smoking is associated with the increased rate of morbidity due to smoke-related diseases, and people who are exposed to it are at risks of developing adverse health consequences such as cardiovascular problems. II. Abstract Secondhand smoke contains many chemicals, including substances that can stimulate the development of cardiovascular diseases. People should be concerned because even non smokers are at risk from cigarette smoke when they are exposed to it regularly, due to the thousands of toxic chemicals found in it. Inhaling these substances can lead to serious and life-threatening ...

The Women’s Health Initiative is a long-term national health study that started in April 1991. WHI is a result of a growing scientific interest and an urgent need for better understanding of the nature of women’s diseases. The entire project employed 161, 808 women of 50-79 years of age, and therefore, became one of the most far reaching women’s health experiments that have ever been taken in the U.S. The clinical trial consisted of three parts such as hormone therapy, dietary modification and calcium/vitamin D supplements. They were dedicated to the issue of preventing cancer, osteoporosis ...

Measuring Heart Beats (ECG)

The heart rate of an individual has been defined as the number of times a heart beats every minute (Edlin and Golanty, 2016). When a heart beats, it pushes a volume of blood into the circulatory system. At some points in the circulatory system where the blood flows near the skin surface, one can feel blood flowing as a result of heartbeat. It is at these points where heart rate is measured. Usually, the heart rate of a person is measured at the carotid artery in the neck, radial artery located in the wrist just below the thumb, or ...

Introduction

The objective of this report is to summarize the key methods, procedures, goals and objectives, and takeaways from a series of individual laboratory experiments conducted throughout the course. Specifically, it is a summary of Exercises 1 on Phylum Porifera (Sponges), 2 on Phylum Cnidaria (Hydras), 3 on Phylum Platyhelminthes (Planarians), 4 on Phylum Annelida (Clamworms and Earthworms), 5 on Phylum Mollusca (Clams), and other exercises on Phylum Arthropoda (Crayfish), Deuterostome (Phylum Echinodermata, Sea Star), among others. Despite their number, the individual laboratory experiments, in fact, have one thing in common. That is their key objective is to be able ...

Abstract

Sages and physicians have for ages recognized the importance of laughter and humor in a person’s life and health. In as much as they lacked the necessary evidence to back up their beliefs and theories, they somehow knew that laughter benefitted human beings through various ways. There is a general feeling of relief that a person feels after experiencing laughter. The mere fact that a person experiences emotional joy and a sense of relief hint at the possibility of humor having a greater benefit to the human body. The enrichment and benefits that arise from a moment of ...

What is the Pathophysiological Effect of Stress on the Immune System?

Stress is a feeling of anxiety and pressure, which the body feels in response to any external demand that cannot be easily coped with. It can develop out of both positive as well as negative experiences. Stress can be emotional or psychological, such as the loss of a dear one or after losing one’s job or anything that affects a person sentimentally. Fatigue and getting overworked are also stressful situations that cause worry, and a person feels ‘stressed.’ Stress can affect the body in many ways, and it can lead to sickness, tired, distract a person and inhibit ...

BODY SYSTEMS AND DISEASES GRID

INSTITUTUIONAL AFFILIATION The purpose of this paper is to identify the major systems of the human body which, include the Nervous System, the Cardiovascular System, the Endocrine System, the Respiratory System, the Musculoskeletal System, and the Lymphatic System. The organs for each specific system will be identified, a brief explanation of each bodily function will be provided, and major diseases afflicting the system will be discussed.

Taylor (n.d.) clarifies that the sensory system comprises of the cerebrum, spinal line, tangible organs, and the majority of the nerves that associate these organs with whatever remains of the body. Together, these ...

Denise, Lemke(2007) Sympathetic Storming After Severe Traumatic Brain Injury. Critical Care Nurse 2007;27;30-37 Brain injury is very common in traumatically injured people. They sometimes require sedation and intubation to reduce the brains workload. They could be restless and agitated in association with signs and symptoms like posturing, tachycardia, fever, diaphoresis, hypertension, papillary dilatation, tachypnea and hyperthermia. This is referred to as sympathetic storming. It is seen in about 1/3rd of comatose patients with severe traumatic brain injury. Sympathetic storming could occur within a day post injury and could last up to weeks afterwards. It is thought ...

Issue Summary:

The population issue that I presented was the Heart disease. This refers to the class of diseases which entail the blood vessels, the heart or a combination of such. This is any of the disorder or disease relating to the cardiovascular system, mainly cardiac disease as well as the vascular disease of kidney and brain. This also involves the disease which affects the peripheral arteries. The heart disease is mainly caused by hypertension and atherosclerosis or a combination of both. Aging is also associated with morphological and physiological changes which alters the functioning of the cardiovascular system. This will therefore lead ...

1) What is the pharmacodynamics effect of angiotensin-converting enzymes inhibitors (ACEI'S and angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARB'S) in reference to the cardiovascular system? 

The pharmacodynamics effect of angiotensin-converting enzymes inhibitors (ACEI'S) and angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARB'S) in reference to the cardiovascular system is based on its overall function of inhibiting the function of angiotensin II and aldosterone hormone production (Woo & Wynne 12). These drugs are purposely used to control high blood pressure, and they tend to act on the renin angiotensin aldosterone system to lower blood pressure. The mechanism of action ARBs is quite different from ACE inhibitors which act by inhibiting the formation of angiotensin II, which increases blood pressure by stimulating smooth muscles and water retention ...

- Review of the Functions of the Skeletal System

The skeletal system has about six general functions in the body of an organism. It is indicated that the skeletal system forms a vital section of the body because there are other numerous functions that particular bones perform in the body. These different bones are situated in the various parts of the body according to their functionality. The first function of the skeleton is the provision of support to softer tissues as well as giving points of attachment for most of the skeletal body muscles. The body tissues and muscles could ...

In the circulatory system, various elements come together to perform a single duty, that of delivering nutrients throughout the major organs of the body through blood. Three major elements are contained in blood. First, there is the plasma, which is the fluid portion of the blood (Chapter 7, p. 152). This carries the materials contained within it to their destination. Floating within the plasma are red blood cells, or erythrocytes; they carry oxygen throughout the circulatory system and supply it to the various parts of the body, including major organs like the heart and the brain (p. 152). Finally, platelets ...

Diagnosis of the gastrointestinal conditions is important in that it ensure appropriate intervention. It is important for the medical provider to adhere to certain protocols that would guide him or her manage the condition successfully. The first section that should be considered is the history of the present illness. History is very important. Some gastrointestinal conditions are heredity. The practitioner should ask the patient to clarify about the etiology of the disease (Walker, 2008).

The practitioner should also find out about the past medical history. Dietary history of the patient is very important as far as gastrointestinal system is ...

The Body as a Complex Problem

The body harbours all the characteristics of a complex problem. For example, it is a complex system made up of many interconnected components; the legs, the arms, the ears, eyes, the head, the mouth and the waist are some of the distinct parts of the body. The enormity of body parts creates the idea of chaos; all these parts perform different functions, and it is difficult to determine the long-term behaviour of each one of them. However, it is puzzling to note that with so many parts performing different functions, the body appears well-coordinated unless problems arise within any of the ...

What is septic shock? Septic shock is the situation in which the blood pressure dangerously and in result of wide-body infection is reduced. Therefore, in result of the presence of the bacteria in the blood, or bacteremia septic shock may happen. When the toxins produced by bacteria is released into the blood the immune system responds, which leads to a blood pressure reduction, in order to prevent the delivery of the toxins to the vital organs. Generally, in result of septic shock multiple organ failure may happen, such as respiratory failure that may lead to rapid death.

Pathophysiology of Septic Shock

As the infection ...

Fantastic Voyage - II

It is Day 1 and I am in a mini sub, all set to travel across the wonders of the human body, as the said body ingests junk food that we eat daily. I expect this video and my report will demonstrate the effects of such food inside our body, since on the outside we are blissfully unaware about these possibly harmful. We shall see. Now let me get into the details. This is your name from “Fantastic Voyage”, reporting from a mini submarine that is 8 microns long, and today I will show you the complex innards of a human ...

Proteus syndrome

Proteus syndrome Today Proteus syndrome is considered a very rare genetic disease that is accompanied by an unnatural growth of bones, muscles and connective tissues. It is often accompanied by tumors of individual body parts. Unfortunately, diagnosis and treatment of such disease is very difficult and not always a possible process. Modern medicine knows only that Proteus syndrome is a hereditary disease and is associated with a mutation of genes. However, the mechanism of occurrence of such changes is not yet fully understood. This disease was first described in 1979. It was that time when Michael Cohen found about 200 cases of ...

Test Anxiety

Introduction Test anxiety is often regarded as a unique construct of anxiety. It takes place when individuals find themselves in situations that require evaluation, especially in the formal testing environments found in the education system. Individuals who exhibit test anxiety at high levels often experience a disruption of their mental processes, especially when they have to engage their minds in evaluating tasks that are demanding in nature. According to Wachelka & Katz (1999), formal academic assessment work can be very demanding to the mind. The stressing of the human mind can lead to emotional instability. As a result, test anxiety can also ...

Cadburyoma: A chocoholoma syndrome

Maria suffers from a rare syndrome termed Cadburyoma. It is a disease caused by consumtion of cadburo disease. It initially affects the cardiovascular and gastrointestinal system of the body. Further on when the disease reaches its peak level, neuronal problems arise. Cadburyoma is seen in both males and females and is more prevalent in urban lifestyle.

History

It was first coined by a Lyndon F, a scientist working in the Ohio state university. He observed that patients with Cadburyoma had various cardiovascular problems. He noticed that these patients suffered from varied ailments in the cardiovascular system which included: arrhythmia, angina pectoris, hematoma, valvulitis and ...

Majority of world birds use flight as their main means of locomotion. Flight is the only way that birds use to many the dynamics of its environment. Flight is in the help of birds in breeding, avoiding predators and feeding. The mechanics behind flights in birds is a complex mechanism, which involves various adaptations that and the utilization of wings by birds. The whole process of birds’ locomotion, hovering and landing is a unique mechanism that birds are adapted to facilitate their living. The basic mechanics of birds include lift, Drag, Gliding, Flapping and wing.

Lift

The flowing of air in the ...

Comparison of flight mechanic propeller driven air planes and birds

Both birds and airplanes have a requirement that they must overcome the force of gravity in order to make flights. Due their weight difference, airplanes and birds differ in power requirement for flying. The power to bring balance between the lift and gravity, drag and thrust such that any flying object can fly comfortably varies as power the weight of these objects. Depending on the power capability of birds and airplanes there are limits for weight requirements for these objects. Airplanes require powerful engines to fly their heavy weight. Most commonly heavy airplanes use jet engines to fly the heavy ...

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Abstract

Marijuana is a psychoactive drug derived from a variety of hemp, which contains the greatest amount of substance (cannabis). In nature, there are approximately 60 cannabinoids, the most effective of which - delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol. There are three main types of cannabis: Cannabis sativa, Cannabis indica and Cannabis ruderalis, the latter contains the least amount of THC. There is also a huge number of hybrids that combine both sativa, and indica. The regulation and the legal status of cannabis as a narcotic substance in many countries around the world based on the laws governing its cultivation, transportation, sale and use. ...

Experts have gone back and forth on the topic of the possible health benefits of coffee versus the health problems it causes. On the whole, most experts will admit that coffee in small doses does not cause damage. Some experts will go so far as to say there are potential health benefits to coffee, primarily in its anti-oxidant effects. Unfortunately, when we discuss coffee we are generally not talking about the moderate amounts that cause no harm. The truth is caffeine is an addictive drug that requires ever larger doses to create its desired effect. Additionally, when researchers ...

Q. 1 Assess Mrs Daps’ medication chart. Discuss three (3) significant risks involved with Mrs Dap’ home and/or inpatient use of medicines.

Based on Mrs Dap’s medication chart, it shows that the patient is being administered with regular, variable dose and PRN medications. The patient requires several medications that are specific to her condition. However, the number of medications scheduled for Mrs Dap could potentially cause a medication interaction, even though each targets specific condition. For example, the patient is being administered with 10mg of Felodipine daily, which is a CCB type of medication. However, calcium channel blockers tend to ...

Assignment 1 – Developing your ideas

Research Problem Obesity has been a health issue to most middle aged men and older men for the last three decades. This issue has increased in many countries and researchers have been looking for a solution to the problem. One of the main health problem caused by obesity is stroke and cardiovascular problems. Researchers have found a reprieve in vitamin d supplements and other constituents to be useful in reducing stroke among middle aged males.Vitamin D is a highly required nutrient in nutrition. Vitamin D deficiency is prevalent condition that has claimed the lives of so many people. Such deficiencies cause diseases ...

Red blood cells take approximately 120 days to be produced. The process of its production is called erythropoiesis and the place of production is myeloid tissue. For the formation of red blood cells, the haemocytoblast must be present. The existence of Multi-CSF causes the haemocytoblast to progress into progenitor cells. The progenitor cells, on the other hand, will form other cells. This cell may also develop into proerythroblast when EPO is present. Proerythroblast forms basophilic erythroblast which will in turn develop into polychromatophilic erythroblast, followed by normoblast which develops into reticulocyte which eventually becomes erythrocyte. All these developments must ...

The blood vessels of the human body are predominantly made up of endothelial cells (EC) and smooth muscle cells (SMC). The remainder of it is composed of extracellular matric (ECM), which includes collagen, elastin, and glycosaminoglycans (Robbins, 2007, pg. 340). The walls of the vessels can be separated into three layers. The innermost layer, or tunica intima is made up of a single layer of endothelial cells overlying extracellular matrix (Robbins, 2007, pg.340) The next layer, or tunica media is separated from the tunica intima by the internal elastic lamina; the tunica media is mainly composed of SMC’s and ...

Hypertension, or high blood pressure is a measurement of the force of your blood against your arteries as your heart pumps it through your body. It is generally indicated by two numbers; the systolic and the diastolic blood pressures. Normal blood pressure is less than 120 over 80 (120/80 mmHg). Pre-hypertension is when blood pressure falls between 120/80 mmHg but less than 140/90 mmHg. Blood pressure levels of more than 140/90 mmHg is considered Hypertension. . Some contributing factors that increase the risk the risk of developing high blood pressure are age, ethnicity and family history. These factors are not preventable ...

Introduction

Smoking causes around 40000 premature deaths yearly in USA and 4.9 million deaths per year world or 8.8 percent of all global deaths (burns 2013). 4000 teens try to smoke for the first time each day. 1000 teen become daily smokers. Smoking is equivalent to poisoning. Tobacco is a deadly mix of more than 7000 chemicals (burns 2013). Death due to smoking is highly preventable. The causes and impacts of smoking are known and avoidable. Smoking is not illegal in most countries around the world. However, its effects are even worse than some illegal substances. Given these alarming statistics, researches ...

- An healthy body system all depend on an healthy cardiovascular system - Since cardiovascular system is made up of heart and blood vessels - All body organs depend on it healthy functions - Supply of nutrients and oxygen effectively & removal of waste products from other parts of the body are the main functions of the cardiovascular system - Malfunctioning cardiovascular system will impair proper function of other major systems.

The anatomy & physiology of the cardiovascular system

- Made up of heart with four chambers & blood vessels (arteries, capillaries and veins) - The four chambers are two upper chambers called atria & ...

Introduction

The cardiovascular system consists of arteries, capillaries veins blood vessels and the heart. The heart delivers nutrients and oxygen to the tissues and caries waste products for elimination from the tissues (Hester & Lusha, 2012). The regulation of the cardiovascular system occurs through a complex interaction of both neural and non-neural mechanisms that aim at guaranteeing a constant internal environment (homeostasis) in organisms (Malliani 2000). The regulation of the cardiovascular system occurs through hemodynamics, through auto regulation, hormonal regulation and neural control (Khurana, 2008). The most important of the regulatory mechanisms are closed loop reflexes like baro- reflexes, chemo reflexes and ...

Dance and Sports are two physical activities, which are closely intermingled and inter-related though both vary in their ultimate purposes. Both involve rigorous physical movements and body actions, which require perseverance, stamina and energy. Off late both Dance and Sports have started complementing each other with more and more athletes taking up dance to help them improve their important, vital and significant sporting traits. Dance lessons to improve Athleticism is nothing new but lately the practice has become extremely famous and even coaches have started recommending dance lessons to athletes cutting across the different sports. There are many ...

The human circulatory system can be defined or referred to as the organ system in the human being’s body system that is responsible for the transportation of blood around the body. It is burdened with the duty of permitting the lymph and blood circulation to transport nutrients. The lymphatic system is an extension of the human circulatory system and it comprises of antibody-mediated and cell-mediated immune systems. The major parts of the human circulatory system include the blood, heart, white and red blood cells, platelets, and the lymphatic system. The circulatory system can be seen only as a ...

3. A. C. has come for a monthly prenatal visit. While listening to her heart, the examiner notes an exaggerated splitting of S1, a loud, easily heard S3, and a grade ii systolic murmur. Other findings remain unchanged since the last visit.

Explain what a grade ii murmur means.

Murmurs refer to heart sounds that are produced when the flow of blood through the conduit is short of being laminar. The flow of blood is turbulent. The turbulence in the flow is therefore denoted by the audible noise, which is described as being a murmur. Murmurs are graded according to classes based on the character of the murmur. Being a grade ...

Introduction

Modern day health care systems focus on offering holistic care that is patient-centric, safe, effective, efficient and timely. To this end, medical practitioners must have a diverse set of skills and knowledge from pharmacology to human anatomy and physiology. Of this, a sound understanding of anatomy and physiology are critical in provision of care for long term care. Physiology is the study of function in living systems while anatomy is the study of structure in living things. These two disciplines have been central in the delivery of health services since Ancient Greece where philosophers such as Aristotle explained the relationship between ...

Lab Report Comparing the Anatomy of Crayfish and Grasshopper

Introduction The aim of the investigation is to compare and contrast the external anatomical characteristics of two classes of the Phylum Arthropoda, Class Crustacea and Class Insecta. A crayfish was used to represent the Class Crustacea and a grasshopper was to represent the Class Insecta. Arthropods are the most abundant and diverse group of animals on the planet. The organisms in this Phyla share common characteristics which include: the body of most arthropods is covered with chitin hardened into an exoskeleton. In crustacean, the chitin is hardened by calcium. In insects, the chitin is tanned, chemically bonded with ...

Article Discussion (HEALTHCARE)

Discuss the various costs and their relationship to planning, budgeting, and control The healthcare sector in United States incurs many costs in relation to planning different operations. The rising concerns about the costs of health care have become a serious concern to the federal government. The passage of Medicate and Medicaid lead into the acceleration of the federal budget and overall national health costs. In an effort to minimize crises facing the health care sector, health care policy experts advised on expanding the number of health maintenance organizations. The increase in number of health care centers had a significant impact ...

Perhaps smoking is one of the most well-known types of using drugs. Since it is legal in most countries, it is very much patronized by people of all ages, shapes, sizes and gender. Young and old alike just love the sensation of having a smoke. According to Health Literacy World, there are various reasons why people smoke. For teens, they love smoking because of the pressure from other friends who smoke, they want to be accepted, or they want to look mature. Adults have different reasons. One of the most common reasons is that they want to get over the ...

Atherosclerosis is a cardiovascular disease of the walls of the artery that comes as a result of accumulation of fatty deposits on walls of the artery leading to an impairment of the flow of blood (Weber & Soehnlein, 2013). With in mind that cardiovascular diseases cause deaths and morbidity in several countries, atherosclerosis can be viewed as a serious disease particularly with regards to the ever increasing cases of obesity. Notably, there is an apparent relationship between atherosclerosis and heart attack; atherosclerosis most commonly leads to heart attack. The understanding of the relationship between atherosclerosis and heart attack can be best understood ...

In the article, “Supraventricular tachycardia: Long term side effects” by Dr. Beth Taylor, Taylor takes a look at the electrical systems operate within the cardiovascular system. The diagnosis and treatment of supraventricular tachycardia ( Taylor) and chest pain involves understanding the electrical connections with the heart to determine if a fast heart beat is the result of supraventricular tachycardia ( Taylor). As far as etiology goes Taylor describes that there are several different factors that may contribute to this condition. Those that are on high doses of the heart medicine digoxin or the lung medicine theophylline may have amplified risk (Taylor). Those ...

Cholesterol is mainly of two types: high-density lipoproteins (HDL) and low-density lipoproteins (LPL). The first is good cholesterol while the second is the bad cholesterol. Cholesterol plays a big role in the daily functioning of our bodies. This is mainly because it has been known to help make cell membranes. It is also a major composition of the hormones such as estrogen. Production of cholesterol for use in the body occurs in the liver. However, a large percentage of this cholesterol is consumed in people’s diets. Both HDL and LDL are Lipoproteins with a slight difference in structure. In every other essence, ...