Essays on Osmosis

There are many pros and cons of using waste water for drinking and agriculture. Waste water in untreated form is normally used in agriculture since many centuries all over the world. Wastewater use in agriculture can be observed as both a benefit, providing water and nutrients for the cultivation of harvests and confirming food supply to the cities, and also as the cause of pollution; a threat that affects the health of users, and the environment. Wastewater causes diseases as it contains microorganisms, viruses and parasites, and cannot be considered safe for drinking. Wastewater for irrigation affects the land ...

Abstract

Application of the nanofiltration (NF) and ultrafiltration (UF) processes is applied in the handling of water that is produced raw. The application has been investigated in the current day through various studies (Wang 14). The experiment of the processes of both nanofiltration and ultrafiltration is conducted in the laboratory unit which is operated in a pattern of cross flow (Ashaghi, Ebrahimi, & Czermak, 46). The study that was conducted in Oilfield of North Sea using the process of membranes of ultrafiltration (UF) and microfiltration (MF) indicated that the content of hydrocarbon decreased from 50 mg/l to 2 mg/l which recorded ...

The new thing about the Dow filtration process is: it is only half as expensive as desalinating sea water to make it drinkable. This could serve as an economical substitute for imported or desalinated water. With water becoming a precious commodity world over, the unique technology introduced by Dow can be comfortably practiced wherever man lives as a community, and of course, generates waste water. The uniqueness about Dow’s filtration process is the precision of the reverse osmosis membranes that are able to filter even the filthiest wastewater discharged into streams by industries and households. The most novel ...

Question 1: reasons why references are used for technical or academic writing

In technical and academic writing, referencing may be applied to ensure that previous information on a certain subject is acknowledged. The writer, in this case, is able to indicate that indeed he or she has researched related literature concerning the topic at hand and provides information on what has been achieved in the topic of concern. Consequently, once the previous literature has been acknowledged, the writer is able to table his or her position based on the previous information thereby providing a basis for the argument or claim they intend to make. Thirdly, referencing is done to ensure that ...

Uranium (U) element was discovered by a German chemist, Heinrich Klaproth, in 1789. Uranium is a radioactive element with an atomic weight of 238.02891 and an atomic number of 92. The uranium element initially discovered by Heinrich was an oxide, uranium oxide. A French chemist, Eugène-Melchoir Péligot, was the first person to produce pure uranium by reacting it with potassium in a heated platinum crucible. The element’s radioactive properties were established in 1896 by a French physicist known as Antoine Henri Becquerel. Currently, uranium can be extracted from various ores such as carnotite (K2(UO2)2VO4· ...

Introduction

Osmosis is the process by which water molecules move from a region of low concentration of solute to a region of high concentration of solute through a semipermeable membrane (Van 3). Osmosis therefore can define the movement of water in and out of the cytoplasm of a cell. A solution with a higher concentration of solute molecules than that of the cell cytoplasm is said to be hypertonic to the cell. On the other hand, a solution with a lower concentration of solute than that of the cell cytoplasm is said to be hypotonic to the cell. Purpose: The ...

in the industrial and infrastructure sector

Abstract

In most parts of the Arab countries, the limited resources of water pose adverse constraints to both the social and economic development, while also threatening the people’s livelihood. The available surface water keeps on declining, and the ground water over-pumping that goes beyond the natural recharge rates has continued to cause great negative impact in the lowering of water table. Over-pumping of ground water also increases ground water salinity, ground water depletion, and ecological degradation (SCENR 5). The outcome prompted the Qatar government to start regulating its water resources as a measure ...

Seawater Pretreatment Process

Desalination or treatment of seawater is a process in which fresh water that is suitable for consumption is extracted from the saline water (Pearce, 2007). Many methods are used in the desalination process, but the most applied and efficient one are reverse osmosis. The sea water that is fed to the reverse osmosis plants, many times has large particles which end up spoiling the membranes of the plants due to the high level of large particles in the seawater (Van Hoof, Hashim, & Kordes,1999). Therefore, to reduce operation cost and treatment time, there is a need for a pretreatment ...

Report on Arsenic-Free Water Filters

Introduction

Arsenic concentration in water varies depending on the source. This report is based on the discussion of the measures of reducing the levels of arsenic in the tube-well water. In this case, three criterions are selected for the study. Each of the methods chosen will enumerate its merits and demerits that suit the application.

Problem

Arsenic is semi-metal element found in the periodic table. It is an odorless, tasteless element that occurs naturally in water, rocks and soils, air, plants and animals. Arsenic poisoning from various water sources such as well present a significant problem across the globe. The ...

Two unique translations of "transnationalism" can be recognized in exchanges on this subject by migration researchers. In the primary understanding – in way breaking works by researchers, for example, Yasemin Soysal, David Jacobson, Rainer Baubock, and Stephen Castles and Alistair Davidson – transnationalism is comprehended as a shift pastor, in a manner of speaking, vertically past (as opposed to evenly over) participation in a regional state or country and its going with common and political cases, towards all the more including definitions, for example, general humanism, enrollment in a substrate (European Union), and dish religious solidarity (Muslims in Western Europe). In ...

Paramecium is a unicellular organism belonging to genus, Protozoa. Like many other Protozoa, paramecium has ciliated body that aids in locomotion. The habitants of protozoa vary from fresh water bodies, marine water, brackish and stagnant waters in in basins and ponds, (Ladenburger 7). Some species of paramecium can easily be cultivated and induced to conjugate. Due to these characteristics, paramecium has been used in laboratories for research purposes. The body of a paramecium is covered by cytoplasmic structures which are called cilia. Cilia are hair like structures which helps the organism in movement. The flickering movement of cilia propels ...

Introduction

The cell membrane encloses the cell contents and regulates what gets in and out of the cell. This property of a cell is referred to as selective permeability and helps in maintaining life processes (Beckett 22). The property enables physiological process such as diffusion and osmosis to proceed. Diffusion is the movement of particles from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration (Roberts and Mitchelmore 38). In a cell membrane, the molecules will diffuse from the side where the molecules are more to a region where they are less. Because of selective permeability, only molecules ...

In the report Meeting the Needs of the Water-Energy Nexus, have stressed on the importance of shielding the interdependent relationship of water and energy. As the world population soars, food, energy and water are increasingly becoming scarce. Water and energy are two most important things to sustain a productive and healthy society. The two are deeply interlinked. It is this inextricable nature of the water and energy that is also a big challenge for businesses and governments worldwide. A lack of technology, poor management, and/or inefficiencies in one inadvertently affects the other. It is important to understand the know-how ...

Abstract

The paper is aimed at the research of the water provision issue in a region of developing world in order to suggest solutions. India was chosen for the completion of assignment, because it as the developing country is characterized by a free market, low standards of democratic governance, human rights guarantees, the active development of social programs and industrialization. Being the second largest country in the world by population, India has faced significant water scarcity problems. The proper statistics was provided to support risk worsening. Two methods of water provision, namely waste water treatment and desalination of sea water, ...

Abstract

Cell membranes act as hindrances to most, not all, molecules. Advancement of a cell layer that could permit a few materials to pass while obliging the movement of different molecules was a significant venture in the evolution of the unit. Unit membranes are differentially (or semi-) penetrable obstructions dividing the internal cell environment from the external cell (or) nature's domain.

Water potential is the inclination of water to move from a zone of higher focus to one of easier fixation. Energy exists in two structures: potential and kinetic. Water molecules move consistent with contrasts in potential energy between where they are and ...

Microbial nutrition is essential in the survival and growth of microorganisms. Talaro and Chess considers several factors which are key players in the survivability of microbes in order to adapt or “inhabit all parts of the biosphere.” Among these factors include nutrients, temperature, pH, water availability, atmospheric gases, light, pressure and other organisms inhabiting the earth. Nutrition in essence is that which chemical substance in the form of nutrients are ingested inside the body such that when assimilated leads to the formation of energy to be used for metabolic activities.

Organisms require organic forming compound elements such as ...

Reflection Paper : Engineering Osmosis for Desalination, Separations and Power Generation

Engineering Osmosis is a transfer process that uses semi-permeable membranes. It aims to produce good and safe water from various sources. This technology has been devised for various technologies that serve as a potential platform for sustainable water treatment, separation and power generation. It needs to be introduced and adopted by various industries. This engineering technology is expected to produce clean and safe drink from any water source using lower energy. This innovation is still subject for deeper research as industries strive to get the perfect solute customization. As discussed, there are different types of solute used: recoverable, useable and ...

Introduction

Water scarcity is a preventive issue in UAE. The gap between availability and demand leads to a situation called water stress. Water stress is expected to rise to alarmingly high levels owing to demographic factors like population and increased consumption and legal factors like government policies enforced in this direction. Conservation and effective utilization of available water resources is a must to support the current population and the future generations. Desalination provides a non-conventional technique of re-utilizing disposed or water from marine areas for intensive applications like irrigating agricultural fields by removing the salt content. According to the US Geological Survey, water ...

1.0 Introduction Water is an important component of life and without it life on earth will be non-existent. About ¾ of this planet is made up of water and it is a surprise, therefore, to find out that more than a billion people do not have access to clean water. According to the United Nations, the uneven distribution of water is endangering an increasing number of people although there is enough water in the planet to supply its entire population (2014). This situation is particularly true in areas that are classified as arid regions or regions with precipitation characterized as low, ...

Introduction

This is well documented that the chemical composition of water affects the taste, color, odor, and so forth. Some of these salts also pose a threat to human health. The chemical composition of water is based on different dissolved solids. Total dissolved solids are referred to matters in tap water or water bodies that left in a container as residue after evaporation and drying of a water sample. WHO and EPA recommended that it should be below 500 mg/L (Broséus et al., 2009; EPA, 2013).

Classification of Dissolved Solids

The dissolved solids comprised of various salt contents present in the water as well as other ...

Using “Deshelled” Chicken Eggs

Introduction Osmosis can be defined as the diffusion of water from an area where the concentration of water molecules is high, through a semi-permeable membrane to an area where the concentration of water molecules is low (1). Alternatively, osmosis can be thought of as a process by which water leaves an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration, in an effort to create an equilibrium. In a living cell, water molecules can move through the cell membrane, which is semi-permeable. In certain situations, solutions which are higher in solute concentration than a living cell will cause the ...

Analysis of Water Quality from the Rivers Colne, Holme and Calder Flowing through Huddersfield/Mirfield

Analysis of Water Quality from the Rivers Colne, Holme and Calder Flowing through Huddersfield/Mirfield

Introduction

It is a truism that water is a valuable resource. Rivers are among the major suppliers of freshwater resources for humans and other terrestrial organisms. Thus, without rivers humans could not have survived. The importance of river systems has been elucidated even during the rise of the Egyptian Civilization. The Nile River for instance has provided humans with food, drink, fertile soil and even a site for settlement (Hassan and Al Rasheedy, 2007). The ecosystem services that the river provide to people since time immemorial include water supply ...

INTRODUCTION

Water recycling is a critical element for conservation of world’s water resource. Recycled water or reclaimed water is the wastewater, which is being treated to remove solids and certain impurities. This treated water is then used for extensive irrigation purposes, landscape irrigation, toilet flushing, industrial purposes and replenishing ground water. All water on Earth is recycled, but “recycled water” or “reclaimed water” means the wastewater, which is sent from homes and industries through pipelines to treatment plants. The process of treating wastewater or gray water is called Water Recycling. Sometimes recycled water is used to benefit ecosystem and improve ...

Osmosis is the random diffusion of solvent water molecule from an area of low solute concentration to areas where the solute concentration is high through a semi permeable membrane so as to equalize the concentration of the solute on both sides (Kylstra, Longmuir, and Grace 289). It is a biological process essential to both flora and fauna that results into various physiological effects, for this experiment water and a mixture of syrup and water will be used to demonstrate the process. A laboratory report hence illustrates what the students involved, understood while carrying out the practical experiments. The purpose of the ...

Introduction

Osmosis refers to the net water movement across a membrane, which is selectively permeable and the movement is driven by a difference in the concentration of the solutes on the opposite sides of the membrane. A selectively permeable membrane allows water to pass through without allowing ions or solute molecules to pass through. Other small molecules that are not charged are also allowed to pass through the membrane. Diffusion, on the other hand, refers to the movement of molecules in a random motion as a result of the kinetic energy and causes the molecules to have a net movement from areas where the particles ...

Summer 2013

Abstract Reliable techniques to meet the needs of patients with peripheral nerve repair injuries need to be refined. One of the strategies often used is to create a nerve guidance channel or build a nerve conduit Silicone is has been found to work well as a conduit from an injury for regenerated axon cells if it does not contain foreign components. The cycle of the cleaning treatment was repeated until the Pentane-Acetone-Heat Procedure was successful and the plated cells survived for several weeks. The duration of the plating and cell count using the cleaned silicone lasted from May 3, 2013 to ...

Powder coating has lately emerged as one of the most efficient and highly valued means of achieving high quality surface finish for the metals. It has replaced liquid painting and various other methods like electroplating etc. While planning a powder coating system and installing the plant, the most convenient and highly desirable option is to get an ecologically acceptable and an extensively automated coating process. The choice of system - technology depends on a lot of factors. One of the most important of those being the object itself that needs to be coated. Other constraints may include space availability, material of ...

Simulation of osmosis across the cell membrane using dialysis bags models to measure the direction and the rate of osmosis

Osmosis refers to the process by which the cells exchange their water content with their surroundings (Beckett, 1986). The process is passive just like diffusion only that osmosis involves water only. The water molecules move from a where their concentration is high to a where their concentration is low, through a membrane that is semi-permeable. The permeable membrane only allows water molecules are other small molecules to pass while preventing large and other charged molecules from passing. The pressure that is exerted by the molecules of water that are freely moving in a system is known as the water potential (Kent, 2000). ...

Introduction

The purpose of this project is to provide Flagstaff residents with adequate clean water which they could use for domestic purposes. This initiative is prompted by the needs of the many residents in the area who constantly lack regular supply of clean water in their houses on a daily basis. This project entirely focuses on meeting the needs of the citizens who by and large need this precious resource in their livelihoods. In order to decrease waterborne diseases in this city, a water treatment program will be implemented by the development and research groups. This project will ensure efficiency in delivering ...

Abstract

The paper articulates the electrolyte and fluid study by describing functions and location of various body fluids and factors that affects variations in fluid compartments. These body fluids involves Body fluids involve blood plasma, mucus and lymphatic fluid, saliva and gastric juice, and other fluids such as tears, sweat, semen and vaginal secretions. The functions, regulation, sources and losses of the main electrolytes in the body are also described. The paper also outlines the basic principles of some of the processes that occur in human body such as osmosis, filtration, active transport and diffusion. In order to understand ...

Term paper outline

The reverse osmosis which is membrane technology filtration process that seeks to Attain the fresh water requirements suitable to the general health of the individuals well being. The technological process that employs bathe mechanisms of osmosis across a semi permeable membrane brings in to a keen focus the various mechanisms that bring make the filtration process of water a success in the context that the micro organisms are killed. In this context my company proposes to start a plant in the middle east that purifies the water to the locals in the overview that brings into attention the thirst stricken continent and ...

A solution with a higher solute concentration than a cell is known as hypertonic solution. A solution of lower solute solution than the cell is known as hypotonic solution and of similar concentration isotonic solution. Osmosis refers to the phenomenon whereby solution moves from a hypotonic area, across a membrane with selective permeability, to a hypertonic area. The selective membrane refers to membranes that prevents one substance from passing through but allows another. In most cases, the biological membranes are permeable to water and impermeable to solutes such as sugars and ions. The cells have an ability of regulating their internal water and salt ...

Introduction

Membrane filtration is a technique used to separate a liquid from any particles present in it. In membrane filtration, a liquid is passed through a semi-permeable membrane. The size of the pores on the membrane determines its permeability thereby enabling the membrane to act as a barrier to all particles larger than the pore sizes. Different approaches and systems can be employed in membrane filtration depending on the type and capacity of the liquid being purified but the overall goal is to obtain a clean liquid. Membrane filtration can be used in the treatment of wastewater, filtering milk during its processing among other applications. This ...

Abstract

Water is an important chemical owing to its various uses by living things. Most chemical reactions within the bodied of living things require water in order to occur. It is purported that life evolved from water some 3.8 billion year ago following the organization of inorganic and organic molecule to form as prokaryotic cells. Besides, the well being of a cell is overly dependent of the balance between the water and the dissolved substances in the water. In this regards, the cell can permit water molecules to move in and out of the cell; the process in called Osmosis.

Introduction

In ...

- Introduction With water being an essential component necessary to many aspects of domestic life, it also represents an integral component in many industries. Due to water’s inherent solvent properties, water extracted directly form freshwater sources such as lakes, rivers, and aquifers are often times full of absorbed minerals and pollutants unfit for human consumption. Due to this, a variety of methods have been implemented in order to purify water from surface and sub-surface sources. However, the world’s water sources vary greatly in purity to begin with, which results in some methods being much more labor intensive ...

Introduction

Selective permeability is a function and a feature of the cell membrane, which is crucial to regulate homeostasis. According to Turksen (132), the plasma membrane function by controlling specific passing of some substances and at the same time hinders entry of some substances into the cell. As high school students, we were curious of a cell membrane could do this function. We, therefore, performed an experiment to test how a chicken eggshell membrane could allow some substances to pass through it while hinders the passage of some substances. We dissolved the eggshell in vinegar. After a thorough reading, the book by Turksen (143), we ...

Process Analysis: How to Make Homemade Wine

Fermentation of fruits to make wine dates back many years ago. Over the time, appreciation of wine has increased world over with the alcoholic beverage being used in an array of settings chief of which include religious functions, social functions and for its health benefits. Connoisseurs of wine have raised the bar every time for the producers of wine. They may not have many subtle things to say about homemade wine. However, making homemade wine is a fun pastime activity that is remarkably easy and inexpensive to undertake with the benefits of educational value. Generally, this essay will explain the ...

Abstract

Osmosis is an important phenomenon for several plant and animal life functions. Like any other small molecule, water moves from one side of membrane to the other by diffusion. The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane however is given a special name, osmosis. To understand osmosis, the designed experiment has been conducted as discussed in this laboratory report. This experiment begins with a dialysis tubing which is selectively permeable and is filled with water and sugar syrup. This tubing is then submerged in beaker with water and syrup. The experiment is conducted with three tubing and beakers with varied combination ...

Aims

1. To observe and investigate the effects of osmosis across the cell membranes of a plant. 2. To investigate the ability of different molecules to diffuse across a selectively permeable membrane.

Introduction

All living cells are enclosed by an outer covering known as plasma or cell membranes. In addition, these plasma membranes serve as barriers between different compartments in the body to confine processes and materials to certain locations. Examples of these processes are diffusion and osmosis which are the main physiological processes that play important roles in the body. Diffusion can be defined as the process by which molecules move ...