Essays on Schizophrenia

Social anxiety disorder is also known as social phobia. This state of an individual is an extreme case of the individual feeling pressure and being fearful of certain social situations. Some individuals are not confident in group settings, and constantly fear of being evaluated. Mostly this state occurs when the individual is faced with a new or novel situation. It is not uncommon to feel anxious about a new situation but some people fear it to a very large degree; hence, being a victim of the social anxiety disorder. Individuals may be so frightened of facing these new situations Continue reading...

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According Uggen and Blackstone, sexual harassment in the workplace refers to the “Unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, and other verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature that interferes with one’s employment or work performances or creates a hostile or offensive environment” (626). While there are laws that protect victims of sexual harassment, there are still recorded cases of the same where victims sue their workmates over harassment allegations. For instance, on October 15, 2013 the New York Times Newspaper carried the headline “Ex-Mayor of San Diego Pleads Guilty to Continue reading...

English

Imagine cruising downtown in a brand new Bugatti car in full speed. It was my dream, which I hoped to achieve. The possibility of driving a Bugatti was not an issue. I had an enormous challenge to conquer ahead of me. I adopted all forms of phobias since my childhood. The phobia of driving in a car was more pronounced and demanding. Every time we stepped out for a ride I will vehemently propose other means of transport. My family members were aware of my fears, but did nothing to help. Instead, my older brother found it amusing whenever Continue reading...

Behavioral Psychology is one of the basic topics in psychology that looks into how people or animals behave the way they behave. Although, behavioral psychology is one of the foundations of psychology, teachers have observed that students find the topic a little difficult to understand. The topic tries to find an explanation why people or animals have their corresponding mental and physical reactions in response to certain stimuli. In behavioral psychology, the idea is that the behavior of people and animals can be both conditioned and results of either rewards or punishments applied to them. Further, it is also Continue reading...

Conditioning in Psychology refers to the processes by which repeated stimulus produce predictable and frequent response. There are two types of conditioning namely classical and operant conditioning. Classical conditioning was discovered by Ivan Pavlov during his digestive system research (Kalat, 2011). Pavlov noticed that the dogs salivated whenever they sighted attendants dressed in lab coats. He attributed this behavior to the repeated exposure of both food and lab coats to the dogs. Pavlov investigated the behavior by ringing a bell whenever he was presenting food to dog. After repeated occurrences, he observed that the dogs could salivate when the Continue reading...

Article Summary: Rorschach Measures of Cognition

A group of researchers, Raeanne C. Moore, Donald J. Viglione, Irwin S. Rosenfarb, Thomas L. Patterson, & Brent T. Mausbach, conducted a study on measures of cognition associated with functional disability of the schizophrenics. American Psychological Association published in their journal “Psychological Assessment, (Vol. 25, No. 1, 253–263)” in the year 2013, this study (Rorschach Measures of Cognition Relate to Everyday and Social Functioning in Schizophrenia) with conceptual framework, the rationale, the research, the results and conclusions. The study is a scholarly work with plausible, useful and applicable findings that can help the practitioners and researchers in the management Continue reading...

Introduction

The United Nations (UN) estimates that the number of amphetamine abusers to be between 13-53 million globally and most of them are between 15-64 years old. Amphetamines are a group of psychoactive drugs that induce a stimulant effect on users. However, they are associated with a high level of psychological dependence and potential for both mental and physical toxicity-related problems (Sevak, William, and Rush).
Being body stimulants, amphetamine's abuse has potential for adverse effects on the abuser. Amphetamines elicit both mental and physical symptoms in active users and those on withdrawal/rehabilitation. Some of the side effects of amphetamine abuse Continue reading...

In psychology, there is a learning theory that states that as we learn, we adjust the manner in which we perceive our environment and the manner in which we interpret the incoming stimuli. Consequently, all this alters the way we interact, or behave. It is from this theory that one learns about behaviorism. The latter is the study or our behaviors after exposure to given stimuli within the environment. This helps us in understanding the effects given stimuli have on us.
In the learning theory, we have classical and operant conditioning. In classical conditioning, one learns to associate one Continue reading...

Introduction:

This paper throws a light on the effects of alcohol on the brain, body and behavior of a human being. Alcohol is the oldest drug that has been used by mankind. Likeness for alcohol originated 30 to 40 million years ago when people lived on diet of ripe fruits. At that time, alcoholic drinks were low in alcohol content, but now the content of alcohol has increased with the discovery of distillation. Alcohol has both positive and negative effects on the brain, body and behavior of a human being. It has been considered as a drug for medicinal purposes Continue reading...

Following the American Psychological Association’s Guidelines

The movie “A Beautiful Mind”, directed by Ron Howard, and released in 2001 is the true story of John Forbes Nash Jr. A leading mathematician, he is as arrogant as he is brilliant. He marries a student, Alicia, and sets himself up on the fast track in mathematics, making advancements in “game theory” which earns him accolades from his peers. Eventually, Nash is visited by CIA Agent William Parcher, who attempts to recruit him work with for code-breaking activities for the U.S. government. However, evidence begins to suggest that Nash may not perceive reality as it really is. His Continue reading...

More often than not, individuals exhibiting psychotic symptoms may be diagnosed as having a SUD (Substance Use Disorder) (American Psychiatric Association, 2009). Disentangling the link between psychotic disorders and Substance Use Disorder is a common diagnostic challenge for researchers within community settings and clinicians within treatment settings (Miner, 2007).
For diagnosis of individuals with psychotic symptoms and SUDs, a manual of diagnostic and statistical of mental disorders, attempts to make a distinction between psychotic disorders like schizophrenia and bipolar disorder) and SUDs (like dementias and delirium). Most SUDs are short lived and can be resolved with sustained abstinence. However, Continue reading...

Psychosis is a mental disorder that leads to extreme impairment of the brain. It makes a person have difficulties in communicating, and it influences the performance of the individual. This condition occurs because of many factors. It occurs due to use of drugs like cannabis, methamphetamine and cocaine. The condition can arise because of a mental disorder that a person has. The condition results to hallucinations and delusions. Delusions refer to false, strange and an irrational belief held by a person. The members of society do not accept the belief. Hallucinations refer sensory perception that occurs in the absence Continue reading...

Robert Bloch’s Psycho, the pulp thriller novella that inspired the Alfred Hitchcock movie of the same name, tells the story of Norman Bates, a mentally unstable young man who has a fairly unconventional relationship with his mother. Over the course of the novel, we see Norman kill and kill again, all in the name of his mother, who it is revealed that he had killed as well. Death is a constant phenomenon in Psycho, as the pulp world in which the characters reside has people dying or being threatened with death at every turn. Death is treated both Continue reading...

Schizophrenia is a very serious mental illness that is characterized by serious disturbance in the sufferer’s thoughts, perception, behavior and even imagination and perception. When looking at it critically, schizophrenia happens to be an umbrella diagnosis that covers several mental disorders. But what contribute most to this condition are the depressive and anxiety disorders which people experience in everyday life (Jones & Buckley 2006). Some of the common symptoms include hearing of internal voices, believing that other people might harm the sufferer and this will always leave the patient fearful and very much withdrawn. According to the Substance Abuse Continue reading...

Arguably, the best approach to getting treatment for Schizophrenia is getting the correct diagnosis. Schizophrenia is usually characterized by profound disruption both in the emotional and cognition facets, thus affecting the most fundamental personal attributes such as thought, perception, language and a sense of self. In America, effective diagnosis of Schizophrenia is made possible through the use of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, which is popularly abbreviated as DSM-V. This tool serves as the universal authority for the various psychiatric diagnosis and treatment recommendations.
In most cases, the individual diagnosed with Schizophrenia will experience Continue reading...

A phobia is an extreme fear that will not go away. People may develop a phobia after having a bad encounter with a certain situation, object or activity. Therefore, trypanophobia is an extreme fear of needles. The number of people suffering from trypanophobia is increasing significantly since the people with this condition refuse to seek help from a doctor. People with needle phobias constantly experience panic attacks, lightheadedness, or fainting when they come across two needles. This fear prevents many people from obtaining required vaccinations, blood tests and other medical care, which make it a serious issue. Therefore, the Continue reading...

The Beautiful Mind presents schizophrenia as a form of madness that causes an individual to lose the ability to differentiate between real and imagined situations. In the movie, John Nash, a brilliant mathematician loses his sanity to schizophrenic hallucinations. Another negative symptom of schizophrenia is paranoia. Nash repeatedly attacks several people who try to help him while he is engrossed in one of his episodes. He punches Dr Rosen as he attempts to flee from imaginary soviet secret agents. He accidentally knocks his wife Alicia down together with his son as he tries to save them from Parcher an Continue reading...

When a person is diagnosed having a psychotic disorder, especially schizophrenia, the first choice of therapy is to give antipsychotic drugs. Of course, for decades the antipsychotics have helped the schizophrenics to come out of distress and disability (Frank, E. & Judge, R. (2001). It is one of the reliable methods of controlling the chronic and distressing symptoms of schizophrenia. But it has various challenges associated with it. The side effects, aversion of the patients to take medications, drug resistance, etc. are issues that challenge the therapy by antipsychotics. A metanalysis is carried out to find out the current status Continue reading...

Background

“Black Swan” is about Nina Sayers, an aspiring ballerina, who had to deal with the pressure of her career, discordant relationship with her mother, and sexual advances from her mentor. Nina wants nothing more than to play lead in the New York City ballet company’s upcoming “Swan Lake” production. Her chance came when Thomas Leroy, the director, dismissed Beth, the lead, and subsequently chose Nina to take her place. Throughout the film, Nina’s psychoses surface on account of her experiences with his sexually aggressive mentor, Thomas, who also puts the most pressure on Nina to perform better, Continue reading...

The movie A Beautiful Mind is about Nobel laureate John Nash, who suffered from paranoid schizophrenia. In this movie, directed by Ron Howard, the viewer follows the life of a brilliant mathematician and economist. The movie shows many symptoms of this condition, especially the positive ones. On display are also the difficulties that this illness represents both at a personal and at a social level, including for the family. Last, one may see possible treatments for this disease, including electroshock therapy and disability management techniques and their effects. This film, while entertaining and being aesthetically pleasing, also shows the Continue reading...

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Discussion on Short Stories That Depict How Traditional Gender Roles Promote Violence
Exploring the theme of violence portrayed in literature, is a complicated task. When violence is discussed, it is mostly centered on physical assaults, and thus discussed one-dimensionally. In reality though, violence is multifaceted and is perpetuated by various motivations, and is experienced in varied different ways. Violence inflicted by individuals, sometimes is a product of various culturally instigated motivations. Violence on women is one such phenomenon, which has its roots in the centuries old male dominance over the other gender. Gender based violence and violence against women Continue reading...

My interest in the topic of lucid dreaming comes from the fact that I have always been baffled by the phenomenon of dreaming. When I dream; I am transported to an alternate reality where the rules of science and nature no longer work. I have also noticed that dreams have some power over reality and vice versa. After a good dream, I wake up happy while after a terrible dream, I am never upbeat to face the day. Interestingly, just having a normal dream is not the ultimate when it comes to experiencing “false realities.” I was surprised to Continue reading...

Gothic literature is often defined by a combination of romanticism and the macabre; conflating the feelings of darkness, isolation and ostentatiousness are part and parcel of what makes that genre so compelling. Female Gothic stories focus those elements particularly on the plight of women, who suffered through an especially systemic submission and oppression during the 18th and 19th centuries. Women in Female Gothic stories are often isolated, set apart from other people, and constantly have their desires, needs and fears downplayed or dismissed by their male counterparts. This leads to a tremendous level of anxiety and tension within them, Continue reading...

Crazy Like Us is a book written by Ethan Watters. Through this book, Ethan explores the spread of anorexia, post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, and schizophrenia. Through case studies, the author explains the causes, and symptoms of Anorexia in Hong Kong, depression in Japan, post-traumatic stress disorder in Sri Lanka, and how Schizophrenia came to Zanzibar. Moreover, he explains how these disorders are prevalent in the Eastern nations due to the American influence. In addition, Ethan Watters outlines the implications of the American influence, and the urgent need to treat these illnesses in a culturally suitable framework. Ethan states that, Continue reading...

Psychology

OUTLINE
- Introduction
- An overview of the main points involving Bipolar Disorder will be discussed
- Description of Bipolar Disorder
- Etiology or cause of the disorder
- DSM-IV-TR or DSM-5 symptom criteria of Bipolar Disorder
- Disorder Statistics
- Prevalence or the number of people who display Bipolar Disorder in the total population at any given time
- The number of cases or incidence of Bipolar Disorder appearing during a specific period
- Other relevant facts pertaining to Bipolar Disorder
- Treatments for Bipolar Disorder
- The type of therapeutic approach including cognitive-behavioral or interpersonal therapy, which Continue reading...

Part A

1. Julianne was a social person despite the fact that he was diagnosed with schizophrenia five years ago. For that reason, there is a reason to be concerned by the sudden change in Julianne’s behaviors. She has exhibited some characteristics that indicate that she is in a crisis. For instance, she has changed the usual pattern of relating to other people, she has withdrawn from people by wanting to be left alone, and she has shown apathy in her dressing and appearance.
2. Julianne is at risk of suicide. The reason why I have come to this conclusion Continue reading...

Abstract

In the stories of young people with schizophrenia, relevant themes exist which connect their seemingly disparate lives. Many would say that schizophrenia is a condition with symptoms such as paranoia and existential crisis. However, no two schizophrenic cases are alike and each person is affected very differently as they may experience negative and, or positive symptoms. Some people hear voices telling them to kill themselves or harm others, while others claim they can communicate with God, animals, or natural forces such as the sun. The latter examples, although hard to believe, must be viewed as positive symptoms. In order Continue reading...

Postpartum disorders may occur in some women at the time of giving birth .The disorders disastrously influence the mental health status of women. In the period of postpartum, more than 84% of women suffer from mood disturbances. Postpartum illness is broadly classified into three groups that include postpartum depression, postpartum psychosis and postpartum blues. Of the three mental conditions, postpartum psychosis is very severe while postpartum blues is very mild.
Postpartum blues are normal reactions experienced by most mothers at childbirth. This condition is characterized by mood fluctuations. Mothers suffering from the blues often experience mood liability, irritability, tearfulness Continue reading...

This paper seeks to establish the use of technology in the investigation of cognitive processes. Cognitive processes are the mental functions of intuition, sensing, feeling and thinking. These functions divide along the lines of; processes of perception and processes of judgment. Sensory and intuitive processes help the brain in perceiving the environment and collecting information. Thinking and feeling processes apply in making appropriate decisions as may be required of the situation.
Owing to the immense value of cognitive Processes to humanity, it is important that they are apparent. The use of technology has changed the manner in which psychology Continue reading...

After the Germans lost to the Allies in World War II, the issue with what to do with the losing nation was one of the most complicated issues of the 1940s. Eventually coming up with the idea to occupy four separate zones of the country, the occupation was considered to merely be a stopgap until Germany was allowed to reconstruct and could reunite successfully. However, the eventual creation of East and West Germany dashed those hopes for reunification for the entirety of the Cold War. Various factors contributed to the failure of occupying powers to agree upon exactly how Continue reading...

Throughout history, humans have experienced a wide variety of mental health disorders, some tolerable with counseling, while others disorders requiring more intensive treatment through the use of inpatient hospitalization or medication. Mental health disorders have the ability to touch all aspects of an individual’s life; from daily interactions with family and friends, to the extreme of such disorders leading to successful suicides in an attempt to be free of one’s mental terror. However, through the course of astute studies and passionate researchers, we are closer to understanding how to effectively treat a menagerie of disorders.

Mental Health Disorders

Bipolar Disorder
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Psychology is basically the study of the human mind and human behavior. Although, what exactly the human mind is made of and how it develops is a question that still remains to be truly answered despite all the years of research. This nature vs nurture controversy, which is already subject to much debate, is only one of the many questions that psychologists seek to answer.
At the core of the nature-nurture controversy is the question, as Dr. Stangor puts it, "Are genes or environment most influential in determining the behavior of individuals and in accounting for differences among people?" ( Continue reading...

Diagnosis and Treatment Planning

This is a case study of Joseph. Joseph is a twenty five year old American male. There are more than 25 million people who are affected by schizophrenia. There is suspicion and uncertainty with regards to the causal attributes of schizophrenia. Schizophrenia is a mental disorder that has multiple manifestations. It is hard enough to try to understand the cognitive processes of as healthful person, let alone understand the cognitive processes someone who is manifesting symptoms of schizophrenia. Imagine looking at a person who is sitting on a park bench pretending to argue with someone while sitting on the Continue reading...

A myriad of baffling questions foster educated inquiries regarding the types of causes for schizophrenia, in terms of neurological foundations. Psychiatry and neuropsychological research continues to engage professionals in exploring the role of the frontal lobes in schizophrenia. While more questions persist than answers, it appears that the elements of memory and behavior correlate in ways that bond to either a region or function that is important in the disorder. According to medical researcher, Dr. Raphael Bonelli (2007) “schizophrenia, and mood disorders may result from disturbances that have a direct or indirect impact on the integrity or functioning of” Continue reading...

Introduction

Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder that makes a patient fail to establish between real and unreal things in the surrounding. Schizophrenic patients experience hallucination that makes them hear sounds and voices that other people cannot hear. In most cases, schizophrenic patients are aggressive because they think that people close to them influence their way of thinking. Various scholars have written much about this mental condition; however, most of these elite learners dealt with various aspect of the mental condition. This paper seeks to conduct an analysis of schizophrenia, which include the theoretical perspectives, research methods used to analyze Continue reading...

Antipsychotic drugs are used for managing psychosis and other mental and emotional disorders. The primary indication of antipsychotic drugs is schizophrenia. It is also used to patients with bipolar affective behaviors and Tourette’s syndrome. Antipsychotics also have indicative components that manage depression. For the elders, it is most commonly used to manage agitated behaviours caused by dementia and Alzheimer’s disease. These two are the most common disease associated to growing old.
For the elderly, these are said to have adverse effects. However, these drugs are still being used to them. Because of their age, it is common Continue reading...

Psychotherapy for Anxiety disorders

Anxiety disorders entail symptoms of extreme nervous conditions causing high levels of distress consequently interfering with a person's normal daily life. People suffering from Anxiety disorders are always in constant fear and worry and later, if left untreated, depression. As the most common of all emotional disorders, Anxiety disorders affect over 25 million Americans according to the American Psychological Association report (2009). In the effort to obtain relief from these symptoms, some patients opt to indulge in drug and alcohol abuse. This indulgence affects their performance both at school and work as well as their social relationships .
Most common Continue reading...

Sociology

Illegal Immigrants in the United States of America can are the classic victim of media stereotype emanating out of the classification of immigrants into various criminal categories on account of strict anti-immigration laws. The social perception social construction resulting from such perception concerning a particular group of people possessing homogenous features is the function of the prevailing economic, political and sociological conditions. As and by way of illustration, in a worsening economy, when jobs are few and far off, the government adopts protectionist policies and consequently makes the strong anti-immigration laws. This might not be the case in a Continue reading...

Final Topic Paper – “I am Bartleby”

In light of the professor’s and group comments, I have made several changes to the paper. First, I removed all explicit mentions of schizophrenia in the work, as that would be ahistorical, and made arguments about Bartleby’s mental condition more even-handed. Most substantially, I have included more work throughout the text of the paper exploring Bartleby’s motivations for his actions throughout the story, focusing somewhat more on his frustration with the futility of capitalist society and its emphasis on hierarchical work structures. I have also completely changed the final paragraph to make it more of a Continue reading...

According to National Institute of Mental Health, schizophrenia is a constant, severe, and immobilizing brain disorder. Schizophrenic people may hear voices that others do not. They think that people have the power to read and control their minds or are involved in plotting against them. They may also converse in a nonsensical manner. They may remain in a standing or sitting position without talking or making movements. In many cases, schizophrenic people appear to have a perfect personality until they start sharing their thoughts with others. This brain disorder also affects the family members and society. This is because Continue reading...