Essays on Onset

Introduction

We are normally taught the phrase “knowledge is power;” in fact, it is better to know than not to know. Though in many cases this is true, we should admit the exceptions. For instance, the modern technology provides the genetic tests to determine if a person will eventually develop late-onset disorders like Huntington’s disease. The individuals who are positive for Huntington’s disease develop cognitive defects, involuntary spastic body movements, dementia, and depression starting in their fifties or forties because of the neurodegeneration. The effects worsen over the time until finally the affected individuals are left with serious ...

Abstract

In the movie Still Alice, Alice, a successful woman, after being diagnosed with early onset Alzheimer's Disease (AD) loses almost all she had. Alice’s case doesn’t typically fall under the traditional age bracket for the onset of Alzheimer’s because she is only 50. However, the symptoms she displays clearly fall under the earlier DSM-IV criteria of diagnosis. Under the new DSM-5 criteria, she would still be a fit case for Alzheimer’s because she has been experiencing a gradual decline in her autonomy. She loses control over her speech, mobility and motor functions until she becomes ...

A Secondary Data Analysis of Empirical Findings on the Influence of Familial and Genetic Factors on the Onset of Drug Abuse

Abstract

Drug abuse has long been a private and public issue. Numerous strategies, interventions, and policies have been formulated and carried out over the years to resolve this indomitable issue. There is no single explanation to the development of drug dependence. Its onset and maintenance are influenced by a number of interlocking factors. One of the leading determinants of the development of this disorder is familial and genetic factors. Numerous studies have shown that the family environment, such as ...

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is currently defined as a trauma-related or stressor-related disorder in the 5th edition of the “Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (American Psychiatric Association [APA], 2013). It is caused by any traumatic event, but catastrophic events, physical abuse, and combat engagement in war are the most prevalent causes of PTSD (Sullivan, 2012). The symptoms usually start showing three months after an individual experiences a traumatic event, and they need to last for at least one month before an official diagnosis can be made. The most common symptoms include behavioral changes (e.g. avoidance of situations ...

Introduction

The Rwandan Genocide of 1994 was one of the massacres that country witnessed in the course of its history. The genocide was responsible for the death of approximately 800000 Rwandans in a span of only three months. This death toll translated to about three quarters of the Tutsi community, which was a minority ethnic community in Rwanda. Ever since Rwandan’s colonization, ethnic composition played a significant role in shaping the political structure of the country. This implied that Belgium colonizers had a great impact on influencing the genocide that took place ...

Disruptive Behavior Disorders as Predictors of Adult Criminality

Disruptive behavior disorders are characterized by high rates of defiant, hostile, and non-compliant behaviors, which usually include hyperactivity and aggressiveness (Fonagy, Target, Cottrell, Phillips & Kurtz, 2005). According to DSM-IV, these behaviors can be categorized under the following headings: attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorders (ADHD), conduct disorder (CD), and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) (Fonagy et al., 2005).
Conduct disturbance covers a broad range of behaviors that manifest in somewhat different ways at various ages of the same child across various settings. The symptoms of disturbances of conduct are often subjective as they can range from merely annoying behaviors such as temper tantrums, whining, ...

What are the causes of muscular dystrophy in the elderly?

1.0 Introduction
Muscular dystrophy refers to a group of degenerative disorders that are hereditary and progressive which result in the weakening of the skeletal muscles. There is a variety of muscular dystrophy which differ in terms of onset, degree of severity, penetrance and pattern of muscles that are affected. The main types of muscular dystrophy include: facioscapulohumeral, congenital, myotonic, Duchenne, limb girdle and oculopharnygeal and distal. Some of these disorders manifest during the formative years of life but some only manifest later on. This therefore implies that muscular dystrophy is a group of degenerative disorders that affects people of ...

Introduction

Stroke is defined as the onset of sudden death of brain cells as a result of lack or deficiency of oxygen in the brain. There are two types of stroke that can affect an individual namely Ischemic and Hemorrhagic stroke. Ischemic stroke is caused by the blockage of an artery leading to lack of oxygen in the brain. On the other hand, Hemorrhagic stroke results from a tear in the wall of an artery that causes bleeding in the brain. The part of the rain affected determines the severity of stroke suffered by an individual. The extent of damage ...

Introduction

It is very common to hear of the term “risk factor” in epidemiology as well as in criminal behavior studies. In general, sense, a risk factor is a term used to refer to a variable that is associated with an alleviated risk of infection, disease or disorder. The number of identified diseases, disorders and infections are very large and consequently; the number of risk factors that increase the susceptibility to them is large. Each disease, infection or disorder has its own set of risk factors. However, some risks factors that have been found apply in all three aspects mentioned ...

Introduction

Schizophrenia is a severe mental illness characterised by the inability to distinguish between what is real and what is not. People suffering from schizophrenia have a distorted insight about the real world and they may hear or see things that other people around them cannot see. Due to the divide between their imaginary world and the real world, the people suffering from schizophrenia have a hard time carrying out daily tasks. As a result, of their limited ability to perform conventional tasks, people suffering from schizophrenia pull out from the society and act out of unease and panic. This ...

The article discussed panic disorders in adolescents. It is fairly common that the onset of panic disorders occur before the onset of adulthood. It is during the period of adolescents that the onset of the disorder may be at its highest prevalence. It is about the mid-range of adolescents where the onset is most common and is more often seen in girls than boys. Although only about one percent of the population suffers from the disorder, for those that have a psychiatric history it is far more prevalent. The range of adolescents that are diagnosed with panic disorders ranges ...

Introduction

Over the past decade, there have been dozens of quantitative studies dealing with the onset of civil wars. Through the quantitative studies on civil wars, significant determinants have been proven statistically. This has been possible through the separate studies on the duration and onset of civil war as the determinants for these two processes are different. However, the separate studies have often resulted in the difficulty to find the any statistically significant association between the onset and duration of the war. This due to the selection effect, which has continually been inherent in the duration models, which make it ...

Introduction

ADHD is an acronym for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. It can also be abbreviated as ADD, which is a short for Attention Deficit Disorder. ADHD is a psychological problem of paying attention, which affects both children and adults. The condition limits one’s ability to pay attention to complex tasks in life that require organization, planning and a lengthy and detailed focus. Understanding ADHD is challenging since childhood is often marked with a varying degree of losing attention. However, once one learns that his or her child has this condition, then it is possible to solve the problem by ...

Water can be considered one of the most vital resources in the planet because of its benefits to every aspect of life. Aside from being used for drinking, water ensures that life is continously sustained around the planet. However, as mankind continues to grow, supplies of critical resources like water are slowly drying out due to various causes. While a majority could argue that it is due to the changing climates causing extreme heat, there are others saying that the reducing supply for water is because of pollution. For countries like the United States, issues regarding water supply and ...

Diabetes Types, stats and pathology

Introduction 2
Statistics 2
Types of Diabetes 3
Type-1Diabetes 3
Type-2 Diabetes 4
Juvenile Diabetes 4
Gestational Diabetes 4
Prediabetes 5
LADA 5
MODY (Maturity Onset Diabetes of the Young) 5
Causes, Symptoms, and Diagnosis 6
Medical diagnosis 7
Causes 8
Monitoring diabetes and Drug Therapy 10
Insulin Shots and therapeutic agents 10
Dietary Considerations and Nutrition Therapy 11
Conclusion 11
Introduction
Diabetes is a challenging disease for current health care that is causing a heavy financial burden to the society. Estimations have shown approximately 13,000 youths have become a victim of diabetes only in The United States. ...

Thesis: As of the present time, the absence of democracy and Western ideals of peace in areas such as Ukraine and North Korea emphasizes a possibility of America failing to act as a global police because one move they make may be read differently by the opposing side and declare war, which America is trying to prevent.
- Since the end of the Cold War, the United States had been active to stop the onset of war or conflict in highly tensed nations which were either marred by terrorism or the lack of democracy under the Wilsonian foreign policy ...

In the past, individuals demonstrating the symptoms of schizophrenia were thought to be possessed by demons. Banishment, imprisonment, and torture were the only forms of treatment available. Fear of the perceived possession dictated responses to the behavior. The inappropriate ideas, hallucinations, and strange behavior remains as difficult to understand today as it was in medieval times.
The medical profession struggles to address the presence of schizophrenia in society. McGrath, Saha, Chant, and Welham (2008) state the psychopathology affects 1% of the worldwide population and incurs substantial costs to families, society, and the patient. In addition, evidence points to a ...

Meadowbank TAFE

HLTAP501A/B/C Analyze Health Information
HLTCOM510B Provide Services to Clients with Chronic Disease or Conditions
PATHOLOGY ASSIGNMENT
–ASTHMA–
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic problem that influences lung function. Clinically asthma is identified by the variation in expiratory airflow and abnormal respiratory symptoms such as wheezing, chest congestion, cough, and shortness of breath. The aetiology of asthma is linked to a mixture of genetic and environmental factors, though; heredity or atopy also plays a role in asthma. Asthma is categorized into two types: extrinsic (allergic) and intrinsic (nonallergic). Allergic asthma is an outcome of the reaction of an antibody in the ...

Part ABriefly discuss the signalling process which occurs when salmeterol binds to its targetReceptor

The receptor to which salmeterol binds
The drug salmeterol binds to the active sites of beta-2-adrenergic receptor . This is a category of G protein-coupled receptors. Beta-2-adrenergic receptors have specific actions in the body. They are responsible for the relaxation of smooth muscles relaxation of a non-pregnant uterus, dilation of arteries in the skeletal muscles, contraction of the sphincter muscles and anabolic processes in the skeletal muscle. The receptor has a three dimensional crystallographic structure. The receptors work by ensuring rapid and specific signaling. The receptors couple with Gs G protein, the result being the activation of adenylyl cyclase. The ...

Introduction

In some ways, we all develop in almost the same ways, yet in other ways, we all seem to develop rather uniquely. We all have a lifespan during which a pattern of changes occurs from birth until death. In the field of study known as lifespan development, these patterns of development that takes place during the whole lifespan of a human being are examined. Human development is what lifespan development emphasizes on. Most life development studies emphasize on comprehending how principles of development vary around the world, and how the process of development is influenced by cultural, ethnic, and ...

Innovative Research Views on Onset and Treatments

Schizophrenia:Innovative Research Views on Onset and Treatments
The term “schizophrenia” was coined by Swiss psychiatrist Eugen Bleuler to describe a splitting of psychic functions (Crespi, Sted & Elliot 2010, p. 1736). Schizophrenia is an extremely serious and devastating illness affecting 1% of the American population, causing symptoms that disrupt thought patterns, behavior, and emotions of individuals (Richard & Brahm 2012, p. 757; “Schizophrenia: What” 2012, p. 1). While some sources refer to schizophrenia as a “mental illness,” others refer to it as a “brain disorder” (“Schizophrenia: What” 2012, p. 1; “Schizophrenia” n.d.). Indeed, schizophrenia is a difficult disorder to characterize because ...

Abstract

Physical activity (exercise) is largely thought to be an indispensable part of human wellbeing. The growing prosperity, material/food abundance, sedentary transport and sedentary lifestyles is linked with the growing incidence of lifestyle diseases including CVD. CVD is currently among most common diseases in developed nations. In the UK alone, an estimated 7 million people are living CVD, which accounts for 160,000 deaths annually. Treatment strategies (including physical activity) have been rigorously tested in cohort studies. However, the type, intensity, and duration of physical activity remain in question. This review is seeking to find theoretical and empirical support for ...

Throughout history, humans have experienced a wide variety of mental health disorders, some tolerable with counseling, while others disorders requiring more intensive treatment through the use of inpatient hospitalization or medication. Mental health disorders have the ability to touch all aspects of an individual’s life; from daily interactions with family and friends, to the extreme of such disorders leading to successful suicides in an attempt to be free of one’s mental terror. However, through the course of astute studies and passionate researchers, we are closer to understanding how to effectively treat a menagerie of disorders.

Mental Health Disorders

Bipolar Disorder
...

Introduction 2

Nature of Hurricanes/Cyclones 2
Variations of Hurricane Development 5
Considerations on Hurricane Response 10
Conclusion 11

References 12

Introduction
For the past couple of decades since the onset of the Industrial Revolution, scientists have slowly began a campaign to raise awareness to the changing state of the planet. Records of high temperature changes, onset of diseases and erratic weather patterns have been reported worldwide, each change becoming more severe as the years progress. When it comes to erratic weather patterns, scientists highlight the now common occurrences of natural disasters such as hurricanes or cyclones. Although skeptics stress that these weather conditions ...

Smallpox Epidemiology

- Which single achievement in Epidemiology is of particular interest to you? (Some examples include Smallpox, HIV/AIDS, Tobacco Use, and Cholera). Please write 2-3 sentences maximum.
The development of epidemiology on small pox attracted my attention especially because of the fact that even though there have been specific innovations in medicine today, the ultimate resolution to this particular ailment has not been fully found yet. Nevertheless, it is understood that somehow, the desire of creating a more comprehensive report and research on the matter is expected to lead the modern medical teams into better options of developing subjects that ...

http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/
2.
http://www.blackmores.com.au/products/joint-formula-with-glucosamine-chondroitin
http://www.naturesway.com/
3. Interaction between health supplements and prescription medication

Part A is answered for interaction between various agents

Fish oil and aspirin A clinical study was carried on 10 healthy patients to investigate the effect of omega 3 fatty acid prescription in combination with aspirin on the platelet aggregation effect and bleeding time. Aspirin alone inhibited platelet aggregation in presence of low concentration of collagen.Omega3 fatty acid treatment did not inhibit platelet aggregation under the experimental condition; however combination of aspirin and omega 3 fatty acid inhibited blood platelet aggregation. This study demonstrated the efficacy of prescribing omega-3 fatty acid (fish oil) with aspirin to ...

Abstract

Depressive Disorders is an umbrella title for a varied range of disorders that include, major depressive disorder, Bipolar disorder I and II, and dysthymia. Bipolar Disorder is a debilitating condition that has a lifetime prevelance of 1-1.6%. It accounted for a $15.5 billion dollar loss in productivity during the 1990’s in the United States (Soreff 2013). This paper hopes to expand your knowledge on the key characteristics of depressive disorders with a specific emphasis on bipolar disorder.
Depression and mania have been written about many times throughout the course of mans history on earth. King Saul was thought ...

In the 21st century, juvenile delinquent behavior is one of the significant issues that the United States is currently facing. The increasingly younger ages of juvenile delinquents and the sophisticated nature of juvenile crimes are quite alarming. Thus, it is necessary examine and analyze the five dimensions of juvenile law-violating behaviors.
▪ Age of onset: The age when juveniles begin committing delinquent acts, violating the law is known as the age of onset. Most criminal careers studies agree that juveniles who engage in delinquency and law-violating behavior at an early age are more likely to commit more serious crimes when ...

Classic English literature

This novella by Kafka appeared in 1915 just before the onset of the First World War. It falls under the broad genres of psychological fiction and allegory. Several instances of symbols that cascaded the plot justify this stance. The following themes are evident in the whole plot discovery. Mythology appears imminent which appears in the form of fantasy and illusions. Betrayal and guilt also reign among other eccentric allures of realism and punishment. Czechoslovakia appears to be the hegemonic place horizons that appear in the literary text. Metamorphosis is a complex terminology that depicts a change that is conspicuous ...

Sepsis in the Newborn

Definition of Sepsis in a Neonate

Neonatal sepsis is “a clinical syndrome of bacteremia with systemic signs and symptoms of infection and a positive culture from central body fluid” (Guha et al., 2005). It is the most common cause of neonatal mortality (Guha et al., 2005) and comes in two forms, namely early- onset sepsis and late-onset sepsis. Early-onset sepsis usually occurs within 72 hours of birth and can be attributed to perinatal risk factors, which usually come with respiratory problems and pneumonia. Late-onset sepsis, on the other hand, occurs after 72 hours upon birth and can be caused ...

Introduction

In the year 2005, a total of 32.49 million cows were slaughtered and the products supplied for consumption to the United States residents. According to the perception of the scientists, more than half of these cows contained hormones that could enhance their fast growth (King 22). In addition, in the daily milk-producing cows, genetically modified hormones were injected to enhance an increase in the level of milk production (King 22). These measures meant that there could be an increase in the profit in this industry of beef and dairy products production. However, what does this mean to the children ...

Criminal behavior

Psychopathy or sociopathy as it is called at times, is a type of personality disorder, clinically regarded as ‘Antisocial Personality Disorder’ (APD). Although a big percentage of incarcerated convicts may be described as suffering from APD, only about one-fourth of them could be diagnosed for psychopathy. Also only a small percentage of these psychopaths are violent offenders. Exhibition of superficial charm and persistent lying are the two common traits of psychopaths. The emotional deficit of psychopaths limits them to experience only a narrow range of emotions. Psychopaths are very skilled in projecting themselves in good light and can beat ...

ABSTRACT

The abstract does not provide a brief description of the problem under study but rather gives the objective of the study which is to summarize longitudinal research regarding physical health and health behaviors on women’s subsequent alcohol use. The research does not conduct experiments with participants but rather uses databases from Medline/PsycINFO to yield its results. The database yielded ...

Casey is a 25-year-old male who has suffered from bouts of sadness and lack of motivation about every three months for 8 years. He claims to have done all he can to stop this, yet is not strong enough to achieve it. He has several close friends who he has confided this too, but they have also been of little help. He claims to hear diffuse voices that tell him to hurt himself sometimes, which he has done a few times, including one suicide attempt.
The situation in his household has always been complicated. His father and his mother ...

Discuss the relationship between the cognitive and the biological features of Alzheimer's disease

In order to know the relationship between the cognitive and the biological features of Alzheimer’s disease, it is very important to know the definition of Alzheimer’s disease. Alzheimer is defined as the developed form of dementia that usually begins at the age of 40 years onwards. It usually begins when a person has problems speaking and remembering things and eventually the patients becomes very helpless and dies (Jon et al., 2013). According to its history, in 1906 the first person to talk about this disease was Alois Alzheimer. Following his discovery, the disease was later named after ...

Abstract

Amnesia is a condition characterized by memory loss or inability to form new memories that can be caused by organic or functional factors. Organic factors that cause amnesia include brain injuries from physical trauma or medical condition. Functional factors are psychological responses to traumatic events or internal conflicts. Although the cause of amnesia is clear when memory is impaired by organic factors, the role of physiological processes in dissociative amnesia is still controversial. This paper aims to provide an overview of amnesia and the physiological processes that can explain how functional factors affect the brain and impair memory recovery.
...

Introduction

This review covers the pathophysiology, diagnosis, epidemiology, etiology, clinical presentation, management and complications associated with diabetes mellitus commonly known as diabetes, a disorder that affects more than 385 million people worldwide (idf.org). The long term prognosis and impact on the quality of life are also discussed. Diabetes is defined by the American diabetes association as a group of disorders that are characterized by hyperglycemia stemming from deficiency in the activity of insulin or reduced insulin secretion, or both. There are three main types of diabetes namely type 1, type 2 and gestational diabetes. Diabetes mellitus has no cure. It ...

Decay of the US Motor City and its current status

*Title footnote: Name, address, and email address for the corresponding author; acknowledgements, credits and research grant information
Cities are often considered the heart of every great nation or province as it is the center for politics, economic and social development. Many cities were made to commemorate the historical significance of the location, while others were established to mark the changes that has originated from the location. People would often flock these cities in order to conduct business or sometimes, settle for their families. However, in recent years, there is a growing concern rising around the globe regarding cities which ...

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) was first characterized by Alois Alzheimer in 1907. It involves a gradual, progressive and irreversible dementia affecting cognition as well as behavior. It is perhaps the most common cause of dementia accounting for more than 60% of cases of late-life cognitive dysfunction. The etiology of AD is not known and, unfortunately, pharmacological interventions neither cure nor arrest the pathophysiology. Neuropathologically, AD destroys the neurons in the cortex, basal forebrain, amygdala, hippocampus and cerebral cortex. Neuritic plaques and neurofibrillary tangles are commonly seen in this disease; however, the exact cause is yet to be determined. By ...

History

As indicated by heading research, Alzheimer's illness is the sixth heading reason for death in the United States, and just ailment inside the main ten that can't be cured, eased off, or prevented.(Alzheimer’s Association) In the United States alone, there are in excess of five million individuals experiencing Alzheimer's, and one in eight are senior natives. Medicinal expenses of the illnesses are over $100 billion for every year, making it one of the priciest infections in the United States. (Imouye, 2013) It is the heading reason for dementia on the breakdown of the cerebrum, and reasons issues ...

(Confidential Information)

Gender: Male Ethnicity: Caucasian

Tests Administer: Advanced Assessment Student
CLINICAL INTERVIEW
Reason for Referral
CK is a 24 year old Caucasian male. He is the son to a close family friend and for sometime his family has raised a lot of concern about his behavior. CK has been showing difficulties in concentrating on either work of study. This has proven to be a major hurdle in his academic and vocational life. He was unable to complete his course successfully and is unable to hold down a job. Due to this, he was referred for psychological evaluation to determine his current mental ...

Aside from political reform and development, the international community has also been busy in creating new means to stimulate growth and economic sustainability. Proposals such as reduced tariff, removal of trade barriers, and the introduction of free trade were pronounced by either developed or developing countries. In Latin America, free trade has been a fundamental aspect of the market reforms carried out in the region; however, the results have varied especially with the onset of globalization and the lingering effects of tariff reduction. Some believe that having trade reform to a growing and a potential economy such as Latin ...

Current Trends in Psychology: Bipolar Disorder

Throughout history, humans have experienced a wide variety of mental health disorders, some tolerable with counseling, while others disorders requiring more intensive treatment through the use of inpatient hospitalization or medication. Mental health disorders have the ability to touch all aspects of an individual’s life; from daily interactions with family and friends, to the extreme of such disorders leading to successful suicides in an attempt to be free of one’s mental terror. However, through the course of astute studies and passionate researchers, we are closer to understanding how to effectively treat a menagerie of disorders.

Mental Health Disorders

One of ...

Diagnostic Tests

This paper will describe diagnostic tests performed in respect of acute myocardial infarction and heart failure. The two diseases affect the cardiovascular system. The tests to be described are cardiac enzymes analysis and chest x-rays. The former test is recommended for patients with acute myocardial infarctions while chest x-rays are prescribed for heart failure patients.
Cardiac enzyme analysis is recommended as part of the diagnostic profile for acute myocardial infarction. It is recommended because injured cardiac cells release cardiac specific isoeznymes that can be detected in blood aftter they rapture following insults such as sustained hypoxia. Other than aiding ...

As Scott Weber points out in his journal article on the relationship between depression and, among other factors, self-esteem, “adolescents today are living in complex and challenging times” (Weber, 2010). With depression and other psychiatric disorders common among youth, it is adults who they rely on to build a health care and education system that understands this and provides antiquate support for adolescents. Self-esteem has a negative correlation with depression (Weber, 2010) and so environments and strategies to improve self-esteem in adolescents have the effect of also reducing the frequency and severity of depression in these populations. It has ...

This theory basically assumes that the society is basically guided and controlled by material conditions at all times. This implies that the contacts and bonds established by the members of the society at all times are determined by the desires to satisfy their primary/ basic needs. According to Marx and Engels, the development of the material conditions can be explained through the following distinct stages.

Primitive communism

This is the first stage in the theory and is characterised by the following: There is no private ownership of property in the society. The property in such a society is viewed to be ...

Alzheimer is ranked as the sixth leading cause of death in the United States. Majority of Americans who die due to this condition are around the age bracket of sixty five years and older (“2009 Alzheimer's disease facts and figures.” 237). Research shows that death as a result of this disease is tremendously higher than due to other causes. Around the period 2000 and 2006, stroke deaths decreased by 18%, heart disease by almost 12%, prostate and cancer related deaths by 14%, but death by Alzheimer increased by 47% (“2009 Alzheimer's disease facts and figures.” 237). It is estimated ...

Is there an increased risk of respiratory disease in U.S. Military post-deployment
Is there an increased risk of respiratory disease in U.S. Military post-deployment
Infections of the respiratory system are the commonest cause of acute communicable disease in the United States of America’s grownups. They are as well the leading cause of outpatient diseases and a key cause of 25 to 30 percent of communicable disease hospital admissions in the military personnel of the United States of America. Due to the packed conditions of living, working environment that is stressful, as well as contact with the respiratory pathogenic ...

Abstract

In this essay, a description is made about the SARS virus and of the characteristics that most make this pathogen a feared one, in what regards its spread and severity of the disease.
On SARS cases that have been studied, the characteristics that make this pathogen a feared one are the fact that it is a highly infectious pathogenic agent that is easily transmitted, both by person-to-person contact, in everyday situations like coughing or sneezing, and by contact with infected surfaces, and also the fact that it can be easily confused with common cold situations in its early onset ...

1. Introduction
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disorder that potentially affects many tissues and organs of the human body. Amongst the tissues that may become affected are: the skin, blood vessels, heart, lungs and muscles. However, the joints are the primary sites of infection and if left untreated it may results in the destruction of articular cartilage (Robbins, 2008, p.1237). This disease is a condition that affects the physical, societal and financial aspects of the patient's life (Croon et al, 2004).2. What is the aetiology of the injury?
The etiology of RA is unclear and many ...

Introduction

It is in the very nature of humans to have conflicts with one another. At the same time, it is not impossible to meet those conflicts with the appropriate resolutions. Whereas conflicts, small or large in scale, arise from disagreements over matters crucial to the parties involved, the escalation of such matters often lead to amicable resolutions, regardless of the length of time and representation changes within parties. War, a disastrous form of conflict, often stems from disagreements between large groups of people within a certain context and milieu, with both parties risking their interests in the given case. ...

The very first Chinese immigration in America began to pour into the air in the 19th century. Chinese immigrants worked as laborers in mining industries and on transcontinental road, meanwhile they endured racial discrimination. The industries were eager to get so cheap laborers but on the other hand the ordinary white public was quite angry by the presence of this “yellow peril”. They were tortured because they were like degraded race and “cheap Chinese labor” for Americans. The Chinese Exclusion act was proved temblor for Chinese at the same time. The act not only foreclosed new immigrations but also ...

Introduction

According to the World Health Organization, 5% of the total world population has diabetes. The global mortality rate for diabetes in 2004 was .5%, more than 80% of the deaths occurred in developing countries, and the death rate is projected to double by the year 2030. A healthy diet, regular exercise, low BMI, and avoiding tobacco can prevent the incidence, morbidity and mortality of diabetes (World Health Organization).
Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder that affects the way the body produces or uses insulin and that results in high levels of glucose circulating in the blood.
The pathogenesis of ...

Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON), also known as Leber optic atrophy, is a familial neuro-ophthalmologic disorder manifest by varying degrees of loss of ganglion cells from the optic nerve, with variable severity at onset, variable rate of deterioration, variable ultimate vision outcome and variable recovery of lost vision (Kelly).

Causes

LHON is caused by any of eighteen mutations of various mitochondrial genes coding for subunits of electron transport chain complexes, primarily complex I (NADH-dehydrogenase), which are responsible for converting energy derived from food into a form usable at the cellular level. Three of these mutations, those at base pairs 11778, ...

Introduction

This argumentative essay seeks to advance evidence to prove why it is that children across cultures arrive at puberty earlier than others. Pediatricians claim that it occurs between the ages of 10-13 in females and 12 -18 in males. It is the writer’s view point that early puberty is linked to a combination of physiological; socio-cultural and psychological factors. As such, in the following pages of this document a comprehensive discussion will ensue regarding the forgoing elements mentioned in this paragraph.

Physiology of early puberty.

In relation to this essay and the evidence put forward regarding physiological implications for children arriving at ...

LEADERSHIP

Question One

Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi was born in October 1869. He is the chosen individual in this context considering his widely known and recognized name, character, and most vitally his undertaking (Gandhi, 2007, p. 14). His predominant existence and presence in the political arena in the last century and their relation and impact in the current era are factors that make this leader a strategic and ideal one for analysis. Mahatma was a pre-eminent leader in India during the Indian independence movement. He is mostly known from his political ideologies and undertakings.

Mahatma was ...

Schizophrenia is one of the critical public health problems in the world; it is a disarray of thinking whereby an individual’s ability to perceive reality, emotional responses, thinking processes, sagacity and communication competence deteriorates to a greater extent that results to a serious impairment of the mental capacity. It is often associated with symptoms such as hallucinations and delusions (Beck, Rector and Stolar 2009). One of the most anecdotal types of schizophrenia is Paranoid schizophrenia. Paranoid schizophrenia medically known to pertain to mental disorders, marked by ...

Greatest challenges to well being in the 21st century

Introduction

Well being can be defined as a state of existence characterized by satisfaction in terms of health, happiness and prosperity. Well being is a broad and entails various concepts that aim at development of quality of life of individuals such as career, social, financial, physical and community well being. Research studies reveal that approximately 66 percent of the global populations have attained at least one element of these aspects of well being, while only 7 percent are doing well on all the domains of well ...

Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) is a broad term describing all heart and circulation diseases, including heart failure, stroke, arterial fibrillation, cardiomyopathy and coronary heart disease. CVD accounts for upwards of 28% of all deaths occurred in the UK (160,000) in 2012, and an estimated 7 million people were thought have been living with the condition. The disease costs the country an estimated £19 billion annually in lost productivity, premature death, and medication costs (£6.8 billion). Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) is by far the most common and deadly of CVDs, accounting for 16% of male deaths and 10% of female ...

Rome: From Republic to Empire

The founding of Rome has been embroiled in mythical explanations for many years. However, far from the point, it is important to understand the history of Rome from its various perspectives. As one of the greatest empires of the world, one is most likely to come across the Roman Empire firmly engrained in the rocks of history.
The amazing armies, expansive road networks, and brilliant architectural pieces all point to one of the greatest empires of the world. However, Rome was not always an empire since it existed as a republic at some point in its growth and civilization. ...