Essays on Aztec

Indeed, Mixtec writing can be considered to have had an impressive history that spans to more than 2000 years. During this long duration, it has managed to express numerous aspects and concerns in regard to social reality in which it has been produced. Bringing us to the Mixtec-Aztec interaction, Mark B. King shows us how various characters and pictorials forms of writing represents complete ideas and words instead of sounds and syllables in poems and metaphors. The structure and meaning of the Mixtec codical symbolism have been examined and expounded in his article. According to King, the focus on Continue reading...

In the life of the Aztecs religion occupied an extremely important role. It was interrelated with all spheres of their everyday life: advancements of their architecture were related to the necessity of building huge temples for appraising their gods, wars were conducted with a view of enslaving people for sacrificing them to their deities, their culture was tightly connected with religion which was the source for new ideas and was the background for developing new cultural concepts, etc..
The religion of the Aztecs was polytheistic. They believed that the deities commanded the forces of nature and human actions. Aztec Continue reading...

The Aztec community, who are the modern Mexica, are considered to be one of the most famous and important civilization of the Mesoamerica. Back in the Postclassical period, they are said to have moved to the Centre of Mexico and there is where they have settled ever since. They are known to control most of Mexico for most part of their stay in Mexico. Their rich history is explained by many documents and artifacts found in these sites including the Annals of Tlatelolco, Florentine Codex and excerpts of Oaxaca and Yucatan.
Florentine Codex is a manuscript of the 16th Continue reading...

Part IV Question

Colonization of America by the European countries began in the late 15th century. The colonization was mostly motivated by the Europe desire to acquire wealth. The European colonialists justified their move by stating that they wanted to civilize indigenous people. The famous phrase “God, Gold and Glory” incredibly summarizes the colonialists’ motives. Explorers, Amerigo Vespucci, Diego Alverez Chanca, Hernando Cortes, and Samuel de Champlain spoke on their aspiration to extend the political boundaries of Europe and to advance European economies. Vespucci, Chanca, Cortes, and Samuel de Champlain emphasized their intent to convert Indigenous people to Christianity. Some of the Continue reading...

The conquering of the Mexican by a small group of Spanish conquistadors is one of the most interesting part of history. There are many ways in which the Spanish fighters used to defeat the Aztec Empire of Mexico. This story is one of the most famous incidents from history where the Spanish Conquistadors in partnership with their Indian allies conquered Aztec Empire. The Aztecs used to be notorious, and they never loved to keep the peace. They had a strong army of trained and experienced fighters and dominated the ethnic groups and territories for a large area. There are Continue reading...

Several factors can be attributed to the Spaniards conquest against the Mexican. However, the most significant factor that led to this conquest was the coalition of Spanish forces. Spanish forces got reinforcement from a number of rivals of the Aztec Empire. The rivals who offered support to the Spanish included Totonacs and the Tlaxcaltecas. The Spanish army coalition had the numbers in their favor besides the superior weapons which helped them a great deal to conquer the Spaniards (Lockhart, 2004). The Mexican on the other hand used inferior weapons which could not counter Spanish weapons. The Spanish coalition of Continue reading...

History

Introduction of Aztec Empire
Aztecs were Nahuatl-speaking people who ruled a large empire in the present central and southern Mexico during the 15th and early 16th centuries. They are called Aztec due to the word Aztlán, which refers to the “White Land”1, probably due to the origin from the northern Mexico. The center of the large Aztec empire, Tenochtitlán, was among the largest cities in the world in 1519. During that time, nearly 38 provinces were working under the rule of Tenochtitlán. Tributes, payments, and human sacrifices were most important events at that time that Continue reading...

Hernan Cortes’ pre-conquest assessment of the Aztecs is one of the famous episodes in the history of the Spanish conquests. In the second letter to Charles V, Cortes gives an account of the pre-conquest assessment of the Aztecs. To start with the Aztecs had an unpleasant tribute system, which was not popular among the Mexicans. The harsh tribute system allowed Cortes to play the role of a liberator. Moreover, the Spanish were immune to several diseases they brought into Mexico, but the Aztecs were not. The spread of dangerous diseases, such as small pox reduced the population of the Continue reading...

Chapter Summary

The first chapter of Howard Zinn’s text deals with the established societies present in the America’s prior to contact from other nations around the world. Is has been suggested by historian and archaeologists that the first people to arrive on these continents were not indigenous to the region and transplanted themselves here after following game over the land bridge that used to exist in the Bering Strait. They traveled throughout the continents, stopping in various locations while some continued to remain nomads and others built permanent settlements. Some of these early civilizations were quite advanced.
A prime Continue reading...

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1. Aztec was a term that the foreigners introduced for Mexicans in reference to their political alignment. Kings led the people of Aztec Empire who came from the ethnic group called Mexica. The Aztec believed in a god called Quetzalcoatl. The Empire had several ethnic groups in living in different cities a factor that made them susceptible to the attacking Europeans. It had a standardized tax system with proper collections and expenditure accounts.
The Africans had kingdoms as their systems of governance before the coming of Arabs and Islam as well as Europeans Continue reading...

The influence and importance of Tolteca during the Aztec time

Originally, Aztec were nomads and had no artists or craftsmen. They had arrived in the valley of Mexico in 1325 by overpowering other tribes who occupied the region like the Xochimilco and Colhuacan. They preserved the ancient art traditions of the Tula after it had fallen along with its customs and traditions. Tula was the capital of the Toleca which is also referred to as Tolec. Tolecas flourished around 900-1187 and they were native of Hehuetlapallan, village found in 576 BC by the Northwest Mexico immigrants. This essay elaborates on the influence and importance of Tolteca during the time Continue reading...

Aztlan is the mythological home for the Nahua people. These people trace their originality back to Mesoamerica, the Aztec people’s legendary home. Aztec is the word that was used to refer to the people who came from Aztlan. When literally translated, Aztlan refers to a “Place of the Herons” or “Place of Whiteness” which meant that it was a wholesome and sanctified place. According the Chicano, Aztec and Nahua people, Aztlan was likened to the Garden of Eden. It was deemed to be a location where all originated from. According to them, Aztlan meant ‘home’ since a majority Continue reading...

The interpretation that the pachuco resistance is tied to the “assimilation to political consciousness Chicano movement of the 1960s and 1970s [] achieved national popularity following Luis Valdez's celebrated play "Zoot-Suit"” (Mazón 118). Like a majority of Valdezs works, a Chicano family in crisis has been dramatized in this play. Although the play revolves around Henry Reyna but he is not the only central figure. Henry has a rather suave alter ego by the name of El Pachuco who embodies the stereotypical “Chicano” and “Pachuco.” Henry is a misunderstood figure in the play, and unlike his familia, El Pachuco Continue reading...

The Inca Empire contained military, political and administrative in Cusco which is now known as Peru. It was actually the largest empire in pre-Columbian America. Their main language of communication was Quechua. They had many forms of worship though their leaders advocated for the worship of their sun god. The king was considered as the child of the sun. Their economy incorporated central planning of a very high degree. There was no evidence of external trade in their culture. In terms of art and technology, the Inca culture, architecture was one of their most important form of art. In Continue reading...

Aztec society (a Pre-Columbian society) was a highly stratified and complex society that grew among the Aztecs of central Mexico centuries before Mexico became Spanish colony- before the Spanish conquest. It was created on the cultural basis of the greater area of Mesoamerica. Talk of politics, the society was located in Altepetl (the dependent city-state) comprised of smaller divisions called Capulli – which often comprised of one or more kinship groups. On social matters, the society depended on definite division between the free commoners and the nobles that were divided into hierarchies of accountabilities, social status, and power. However, this Continue reading...

Accounts of historical events often vary depending on who is telling the story or which side is being favored. This short essay discusses the events surrounding the initial contact of the Europeans with the American Indians and briefly tackles the issues raised by a couple key documents. Further elaboration of one issue about the conquest is presented in the second half of the paper.

Initial impressions

As far as I can remember, my idea about the “discovery” of Mesoamerica by the Spaniard has been of a superior race coming over a new land to improve the lives of the people here, Continue reading...

There is a great contrast in these 16th Century documents between the way a European observer described the wealth, power and confidence of the Ottoman Empire at its height, and how the Aztec records in The Broken Spears were filled with a sense of doom and despair as the relatively small Spanish force under Hernan Cortez approached their capital of Tenochtitlan. In the former case, the Turks already had conquered the Near East and the Balkans, and the Europeans were not at all certain they could ever defeat them or even fight a successful defensive action against their large Continue reading...

The Aztecs formed a great and wealthy empire in the ancient civilization. The ancient world knew them for their bravery and persistent will. They believed in conquering and success. Don Hernando Cortes recognized this fact and wanted to see for himself by wanting to fight Aztec messengers upon arriving at the shores of the Mexican city. Once a destitute tribe, the Aztec managed to build and establish their empire in Central America through hard work. They built a great city-metropolis on an otherwise uninhabitable island. The organization of the empire was so rich, magnificent and orderly. Upon entry into Continue reading...

Introduction

The analysis of Ecological Basis for Aztec Sacrifice by Harner looks at the article that Harner has projected. The Aztecs have conducted sacrifices so as to enhance their diet by use of cannibalism. This is emphasized through the ritualized human sacrifice plus the absolute numbers of victims that are involved. This has been documented as evidence for the cultural behaviors in the ethnographic record, in the world. The paper has proposed an evolutionary and ecological theory for the explanation of the strange behavior and maturity of the Aztec sacrificial multifaceted. This is seen as an accepted significance of the Continue reading...

Religion is the most common universal belief in which its importance lies on the moral values that guide people in life in following the path to righteousness. For some, it provides answers in their quest for meaning and purpose in life while others view it as a way to achieve their hopes and aspirations. In some cultures, religion arises out of a major phenomenon that symbolizes their history of political and social struggles which contributes a huge part of their culture and way of life. One example is the phenomenon of La Virgen de Guadalupe in Mexico which influenced Continue reading...

I have reviewed your memo regarding our client Howdy Brewster which describes his business activities and the recent events which may impact his 2011 Federal Tax Return. Here is a review of the factual information about Brewster which pertains to the income tax questions. His business is an eight hundred fifty acre farm and dairy operation. About 150 Holstein milk cows are part of the dairy operation. Approximately 150 Black Angus steers are raised to sell. Brewster has one part-time employee. He employs his two teen-age sons for the daily farm work. The land has been in the family Continue reading...

I have reviewed your memo regarding our client Howdy Brewster describing his business activities and the recent events which have occurred that could have an impact on his 2011 tax returns. His business is a farm and dairy operation on 850 acres of land. The land has been in the family for close to 125 years. There are three existing houses on his property.

Mr. Brewster recently signed a contract with Aztec Oil and Gas Pipeline to allow the company to lease a portion of his land in order to run a pipeline; Aztec will need access to maintain Continue reading...

Abstract

This paper describes the Teotihuacan state-city thriving in the Basin of Mexico between 200 BC and 600 AD. A description of archeological findings at the site in Teotihuacan Valley offers an insight into political organization and everyday life of the powerful city. City features grid system and a large number of impressive structures. Its agriculture was highly reliant on systems of irrigation. A high demand for construction wood might have had a harming effect on local ecology and agriculture. The economy of Teotihuacan was based on market commerce including trading with areas as remote as Veracruz or Guatemala. Political Continue reading...

The Code of Hammurabi – it is one of the oldest monuments in the sphere of ​​legislation. It is a black basalt pillar on which cuneiform inscriptions on the classic Babylonian dialect of Akkadian are located, which include two hundred eighty-two articles from various areas of law. The Code of Hammurabi was created by the king of Babylon Hammurabi, who reigned in round 1793-1750 years BC and made Babylon the biggest cultural, economic and political center of Asia Minor of those times. The Code of Hammurabi – is one of the most important sources of the ancient Babylonian law and of Continue reading...

There is little room to debate the general outcome of the interactions between the Spaniards led by Hernando Cortés and the Aztecs in the first quarter of the 16th century, but there is good reason to suspect that the story long associated with the Spanish conquest is more myth than true story. Examining and comparing a range of different narratives from around that period quickly reveals significant evidence that the belief that the Europeans were gods did not exist at the time of the conquest and was perpetuated both by Europeans and indigenous Americans in the centuries that Continue reading...

The American Museum of Natural History in New York exhibits unique photography, motion pictures, and many other anthropological exhibits. This Museum was fascinating because it shows pieces of art describing other world cultures and their way of life. These artifacts and pieces of art help one understand other people’s culture and their traditional beliefs. The museum is divided into three floors and each floor has a particular topic that it covers. The first floor had artifacts of human biology, evolution of species, American Northwest Coast people, and eskimos. The second floor focused on people from South America, Asia, Continue reading...

Sensing the possibilities of America, Spaniards started their American expedition in earlier sixteenth century under administration and support of Spanish monarchy. Christopher Columbus started his mission in the year, 1492. He sailed to America with a motive to sell, buy spices as well as other goods and to hunt for the potential trade opportunities of the new places. Spanish sailors were among the first explorers of different new places of the world including the North American territory. This paper discusses the Spanish mission, establishment of Spanish colonies and other related aspects of the story.
Spanish colonies were established in Continue reading...

World Literature

Answer to Question 1 Dante’s Divine Comedy

Dante had his fifteen minutes of fame during a deeply contentious time in Florence, Italy just at the beginning of the new century, the century of the 1300s that is. The Whites and the Blacks were had split the city with their rigid partisan views. Dante was an outspoken member of the Whites; the side that supporting the “Ordinances of Justice” and the government. The Blacks political leanings were towards the aristocratic and they were backed by the Pope. Dante was a Prior, a powerful elected civil servant position Continue reading...

Question 1. The Crusades are probably the greatest symbol of the religious enthusiasm of the age. What were the goals of the Crusades? Targets? What motivated people to go on a crusade besides religious zeal? How do we account for their general failure? How were the Crusades viewed by the Muslims, as indicated by the evidence from “Listening to the Past”? What lasting impact did they have?
Answer 1. Modern history judges the crusades as severe and prejudiced and declares the celebrated period of Christian history as morally evil. There have been apologies for the crusades from many Continue reading...

RE: Howdy Brewster

I have reviewed your memo regarding the case of Mr. Howdy Brewster. In 2011 Howdy signed a contract with the Aztec oil and Gas Company to build a pipeline across his property for the pipeline to cross over his property so that it can maintain its useful life. He received a given amount of $9,200 after the contract was signed and to resolve the issue with the neighbor paid an amount of $7,500 in so that the boundary can be sorted out with the neighbor as well. In September the same year, Howdy dammed a stream to Continue reading...

The Coyolxauhqui Stone

Found at the base of Templo Mayor’s stairs, the Coyolxauhqui is a large, shield-shaped stone relief similar to what was being described in the legend. The sculpture might have been made during the 14th century as the Templo Mayor was built in 1325. It is said that the Templo Mayor was constructed based on a prophecy followed by the Aztecs wherein they will find an eagle perched on a cactus while devouring a snake. The Templo Mayor continued to expand for two centuries. During the time of Spanish Conquest in 1521, it reached a total population of 300, Continue reading...

According to the Inca religion, they believed in reincarnation, whereby death acted as a passage to the next world, which is similar to heaven that the Euro-Americans believed in them with snow capped mountains and green flower covered fields. Before the Spanish colonization, their myths were oral tradition, however, the Spanish helped in recording this oral tradition. They offered human sacrifices, and killed many of their servants, concubines, and court officials. Child sacrifice was also a common practice in the Inca religion, especially after important events. The Aztec believed in complex interactions between dates, gods and colors. They feared Continue reading...

The eight pieces of writing we are analyzing for this assignment have many common themes. Love, war, loyalty, death, and peace are all themes I noticed in the readings. This essay will focus on the theme of peace in the selected readings. Peace is thought of by some as the opposite of war, but it can also be an inner peace, the absence of conflict, or a feeling of calm or contentment. As I read each piece, I was struck with the thought that each story had at least one death in it, and from each death came some Continue reading...

Abstract

The project deals with the problem of etiquette along with various forms that it implies. Table, business, and greeting etiquette are the focal points of the research. Apart from the norms of socially acceptable conduct, the project contains the overview of such essential aspects as history, geography, population, religion, and industry. The project is based on the opinions of the leading subject-field experts and specialists that major in history, demography, sociology, ethics, and affiliated disciplines.
Keywords: Mexico, etiquette, conduct, geography, history, population, religion
Etiquette is a set of rules and conventions that regulates human social behavior acceptable in society. Continue reading...

Sexual offenders are required to register their contact details with the authorities. This assists to keep track of their residence and activity promptly in order to avoid recidivism. Registration of contact details and email addresses notify the sexual offender that they are under constant scrutiny. Therefore, they will desist from such activity or rather become more prudent in executing their deviant behaviors. More often than not, sexual offenders are known to go back to the vice even after imprisonment. The reasons underlying this argument are lack of follow-ups by the authorities and poor monitoring and assessment methods. In this Continue reading...

Introduction

María Candelaria (Mexican: Xochimilco) is a 1943 Mexican film directed by Emilio Fernández. The movie won several accolades for the subject matter, direction, and acting. In 1946, it became graded as a classic in the history of Latin American cinema, when it felled down the linguistic and cultural barriers as the first Mexican film that ever won the Palme d’Or at The Cannes International Film Festival. The film can be simply categorized as a classical romantic-tragedy, but the qualities that truly made it famous were the expressions gender and cultural issues and the hauntingly beautiful cinematography Continue reading...

Conquistador was a name given to the warriors and explorers from Spain who took over and dominated over much of the American colonies in the sixteenth century. The most widely known subjugation were the ones that involved the conquering of the city of Tenochtitlan, the conquering of the Mayan empire, and the domination over the civilization of Peru. The Spanish explorers also subjected the Caribbean colonies to a lot of terror1. The purpose of this paper, therefore, is to look into the issue of the Spanish armies in the 1500s and 1600s, and especially at Continue reading...

Apocalypto, 2006 is a movie directed by Mel Gibson. It is set during the age of the Mayan civilization in Mexico. It tells of the time when the Mayan civilization was declining and the rulers recommend offering human sacrifices and building of more temples to appease their gods and restore the civilization to prosperity.

Apocalypto outlines the tale Jaguar Paw, whose village is attacked by Mayans seeking slaves for human sacrifice. He hides his son and pregnant wife in a deep hole and is unfortunately captured. He is spared from sacrifice by an eclipse and has to struggle to Continue reading...

The term “hydraulic” refers to waters or liquid in motion and originated from the word “hydra,” a Greek term that means water. A hydraulic civilization is an empire that controls its population through controlling the supply of water. The environment determines the kind of civilization needed in a specific geography. Climate and natural resources play a crucial role in economic processes. Thus, controlling the supply of an available resource allows monopoly and power to be established and maintaine by the government. The government in hydraulic civilizations is a distinct and permanent institution that ensures and monitors that water supply Continue reading...

Angola is a country found in West Africa. During the 15th century, the Portuguese established contacts with the inhabitants of the North Western part of the country mostly the Mbundu and the Imbangala who actively engaged in slave trade. Their activities in slave trade had great impact in the Atlantic Slave Trade.
The black legend refers to an anti- Spanish propaganda which was commenced by the Italian and Protestant writers in the 16th century. It was in opposition of Spain’s brutality and aggression toward rebels in its properties both in America and Europe.
Dona Marina was an Indian Continue reading...