Essays on Autistic Children

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Abstract

In 2013, the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Health Disorders (DSM-5) grouped all subcategories of autism-related disorders in one umbrella, and it is called autism spectrum disorder or ASD. Characterized by repetitive behaviors and communication and social skills deficits, many children from all around the world are afflicted with this disorder. Throughout the years since its discovery, researchers and mental health experts have been interested in completely understanding the nature, etiology, and possible treatments for ASD. Through continuous research efforts and studies, several perspectives have been established to explain the causes of ...

Jane Doe

Autism is a disease that begins to show signs in early childhood and continues throughout the individual’s life. There are wide arrays of signs, symptoms, and behaviors that can be seen among those who are diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), which can make proper diagnosis challenging at times. To better understand the complex nature of ASD, several videos are observed and correlated with the diagnosis criteria from the American Psychological Association’s DSM-V. The following six videos each display a variety of autistic individuals of various ages that show the different symptoms common to ASD.

Video 1: Two Year Old Boy

In the ...

Introduction

Autism is considered a neurodevelopmental problem. The disease comprises problems with language skills and social communication, and relevant repetitive behaviors. The total number of children in the United States affected by autism is 1 in 88 children, and the ratio of 4:1 males versus females exists. There is a saying about autistic children that if you are able to know ONE child with autistic symptoms, you only know ONE child with autism. That is to say that each child with autistic symptoms is unique and rarely shows similarities in symptoms amongst them. However, where from do the symptoms of ...

The paper under study attempted to understand the influence of culture on the experiences of parents with autistic children hailing from Southern Asia countries such as India, Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan, Maldives, Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka. The authors defined ‘culture’ as a framework that consisted of shared beliefs, aim, and attitudes. The study had an explicit section for the review of the literature. The past literature suggested that culture influences the perception of disability and that research pertaining to this idea is scarce (Theara & Abbott, 2015). Accordingly, the authors had reviewed only 12 such studies that contributed to the topic ...

Treating Autism spectrum disorder has always been a major challenge for the physicians and the teachers. Recently, there has been a substantial increase in the number of researches being conducted for improving the understanding of the disorder especially concerning school based intervention programs. In this current research, the researcher has tried to explore the efficacy of video modelling as a method of interventional education for the children suffering with Autism spectrum disorder. The researcher tries to further explore how competent the deliverers of the intervention program feel about this plan of intervention. The rate of the disorder has been ...

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Autism is a psychiatric problem characterized by the presence of communication disorders as well as short attention span and decreased expression of emotions. Communication problems include both verbal communication and non-verbal communication as, for example, autistic patients cannot use their body language properly. Autistic patients are also unable to treat others as people, i.e. they show impairment in social interaction (Payne, 2003). Among the most important signs and symptoms of autism are repetition of words or phrases, a condition that is also known as echolalia; disliking for any physical contact; inability to understand the feelings of ...

Introduction

Autism is the disorder of brain development. This very disorder has been characterized by varying degrees and includes interaction difficulties, difficulty in terms of verbal and non-verbal communication, etc. The roots of Autism are being found in the early development of the brain. However, the symptoms relating to Autism tend to emerge from the age between 2 to 3 years. The US CDC (Centre for Disease and Control) exemplified that around 1 in 68 American children is Autistic. Some of the studies have also shown that Autism is more common in boys as compared to girls. From the US ...

CHAPTER I

THE NATURE AND SCOPE OF THE PROBLEM Introduction As far as human walking is concerned, it has been best described as the progression of the body’s center of mass along a pathway by moving the two legs alternatively. It is generally acknowledged that the development of walking skill in human beings is completed by the age of five (Sutherland, 1980). Locomotion is influenced by interactions between neuromuscular activity as well as musculoskeletal alignment (Perry & Burnfield, 2010). In addition, there are several other factors that can affect the coordination pattern of walking. These include sensory information from somatosensory, visual ...

Abstract

This paper presents a literature review on the effects of autism in early childhood development. Autism is a brain development disorder that has extremely debilitating effects on communicative and social development. Children suffering from autism exhibit different development patterns from their peers and develop at a much lower pace. They face considerable difficulties in understanding the feelings of others, as well as in interacting. These challenges can have adverse impacts on how they learn and develop. The symptoms of autism are varied and heterogeneous but involve repetitive behaviors, deficits in social relatedness and the presence of limited interests. The ...

Discussion Question

Introduction Autism refers to an impairment of social interaction, both verbal and nonverbal caused by a neural disorder development (Brill, 2008). Wide research has been done on the area of autism. However, little research has covered on the knowledge and intervention for children with autism. In addressing this concern, the family has to not only find the cause and treatment for autism but also get informed about how to care for children with the disorder. Are autism families and society well educated on the welfare of the autism child? This question is critical in determining how well equipped is ...

According to research done in 2012 by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention, there are one in 88 reported cases of children with autism. Over the years, the number of children diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder has risen significantly. Autism Spectrum Disorder causes social, behavioral, and communication challenges. Given that autism can be described as a developmental disability, early intervention is recommended in order to counteract these challenges (Matson, 2006, p.101). It is significant to know that some of the challenges posed by autistic children can lead to delay in their growth thereby, making it hard for a child to ...

“Prisoners of Silence” is a documentary by Frontline which shows how autistics people (lacking ability to express themselves” can use technology to express their thoughts and communicate to other people (Frontline, 1993). “Facilitated Communication” (FC), a method of dealing with autistic children was first implemented and rapidly adopted in Australia before any institutions in the US started to use the invention. The method involves an adult holding out the arm of an autistic child over a keyboard attached to a printer. The child types letters (words) which express the autistic person’s ideas. The technology aided in improving the perception of autistic people ...

Communication Issues for Children with Autism

Introduction Autism spectrum disorders are a collection of developmental disorders that have been increasing over the past decades. Autism affects every aspect of the child’s development, especially verbal and speech development (Parr, 2010). The communication challenges facing a child who has been diagnosed with autism is an important topic. Millions of parent with autistic children long to have normal communication with their children and the whole experience of having simple conversations with this child can be an overwhelming experience. Parents with the autism spectrum disorder (ASD) diagnosis report in their hand already are well aware of the differences they ...

Abstract

The issues of food and feeding of autistic, as well as children with learning disabilities, frequently affect a number of families and significantly impact their lifestyles. These matters are quite difficult for the parents to deal successfully. The parents should be quite patient, careful and pragmatic in dealing with the food habits of their autistic children. It may take much time to prevail over the food and feeding issues of the autistic, as well as other disabilities of their affected children. This report delves into the food and feeding habits of the autistic children as well as those children ...

INTRODUCTION

Autism is one of the most prevalent conditions suffered by many young people. The important question is, does the prevalence represent an epidemic or is it simply been misdiagnosed, under-diagnosed, or over diagnosed? Autism does not manifest in every child the same way and to the same degree; this has earned in the title of a Spectrum disorder, which means that it has a broad range of diagnosis under the umbrella of autism (Web MD 1). In the past people who were perceived as abnormal was simply labeled insane, today we are much clearer at differentiating between different conditions. The numbers ...

In the following essay, we shall discuss a neurodevelopmental disorder and a neurocognitive disorder. Neurodevelopmental disorders like Autism Spectrum disorders constitute a wide variety of diseases that mainly translate into behavioral deficit in children affected by it. Autistic children often show reduced social skills and being a heterogeneous spectrum no two patients are exactly similar. Neurocognitive disorders can range from mild to extreme and can be caused by various other diseases. HIV Associated Neurocognitive Disorder or HAND has emerged as one of the most prominent neurodegenerative disorders in the recent past(Mayer, 2013).

Autism Spectrum Disorder

Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder; recent estimates of autism spectrum disorder ...

Abstract

Autism is not a physical disability. It is a neural development disorder that falls under the umbrella of developmental disorders. There are several other types of autism spectrum disorder, or ASD, including Asperger’s syndrome, Rett syndrome, and childhood disintegrative disorder, among others. Children with autism display various attributes that affect the developmental aspect of an individual such as the behavioral, communication, and social interaction. This becomes apparent during childhood and continues on to adulthood. Properly diagnosing whether a newborn baby is autistic is difficult during the infancy period because the behavioral symptoms associated with it have not yet fully been developed ...

Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) refer to a group of several neurodevelopment syndromes that havedisorders having a poorly understood etiology. Mental The term ASD has been used by several mental health professionals use the term ASD to represent not only classic autism but also Asperger syndrome, Rett syndrome, CDD and PDD-NOS (NHS 2012)—disorders that refer to syndromes that share the same impairments (Romero-Munguia 2013).HYPERLINK "http://en.plagiarismdetect.com/plagiarism/index/8c2ae26f5e9428176d21bb1f0bea960009307af6/25242?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ablockabove.com%2Fwhy-fluency" \t "_blank"Romero-Munguia 2013). These are autistic disorder, Asperger syndrome (AS), and pervasive developmental disorder – not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS), also known as atypical autism (NHS 2012). ASD is characterized by developmental ...

Introduction

The book and movie Animals make us Human by Temple Grandin focus on the way that autistic children could actually benefit by mere interaction with animals. This is because animals exhibit behaviors that are similar to those of human beings, especially those that are driven by instinct. The movie especially focuses on the way this interaction is conducted for the successful cognitive development of an individual. The book points out the specific behaviors exhibited by animals and the way that they are exhibited in response to the environmental factors surrounding the animal. This essay shall focus on dogs, cats ...

“Before you assume, learn the facts. Before you judge, understand why. Before you hurt someone, feel. Before you speak, think.” -J. Johnson Autism comes from the Greek word ‘autos’ which means ‘self’ in English. Eugen Bleuler, a Swiss psychiatrist first coined this ‘autism’ a term for describing patient who are suffering from schizophrenia and exhibits a different way of thinking. It is said that this kind of thinking is viewed as autistic thinking whereas an individual bearing this kind of thought believes that the universe turns only around oneself, and the remaining effects of the external world will not have ...

Autism is a neural development disorder that is characterized by an impaired social interaction. It also affects the verbal and non-verbal communication. It affects information processing in the brain and it shows symptoms as early as before 3 years of age with 90 % of all showing sensory impairment (Geschwind DH, 2009). As everyone else, children with autism are entitled to leisure and recreation activities. Brewster and Coleyshaw (2011) noted that leisure is very important to all people and lack of it can lead to loneliness, dissatisfaction, boredom, depression, anxiety, and suicidal emotions. This is why I choose this topic. ...

Definition

Neurodevelopmental disorders are defined as impairments of the development and growth of the central nervous system or the brain (Reynolds and Goldstein, 1999 p.3). Neurodevelopmental disorders affect the brain’s function that deals with memory, the learning ability and emotions, and they become more intense as the individual grows (Reynolds and Goldstein, 1999 p. 4-8). Autism is considered a neurodevelopmental disorder distinguished by a range of impairments, including problems with communication (verbal and non-verbal) and any social interaction as well as behavioral problems (American Psychiatric Association, 2000). Individuals with autism find it difficult to process information, mainly due to changes in ...

Autism refers to a spectrum disorder that usually affects that communication and social skills. This condition is usually detected during the first three years of the life of a child. Some of the most common characteristics of autism include repetition of words, tantrums, apparent lack of or oversensitivity to pain, absence of real fears to dangers, high sensitivity to sound, and crying, laughing, or showing distress for no apparent reason. However, it should be noted that the effects of autism are not similar in every child and the condition can affect anyone. However, it is important to note that autistic conditions ...

Autism has a long past, but a short history. The story of autism begins with legends and tales of children being left by elves in return for stolen. In real history already in the 18th century medical texts are known, containing descriptions of people who are likely to suffer from autism (although the term was not used yet) – they did not talk, were excessively closed and had unusually good memory. Scientist of the previous centuries who approached the problem of people with autism the most was French explorer J.M. Itar, who described this state on the example of a 12-year-old boy ...

Autism is a developmental problem that is mostly detected in early childhood. The exact cause of this disease is not identified, but many possible triggers have been thought to be the risk factors. Despite the countering researches, many people still believe that measles, mumps and rubella vaccinations (MMR) have the tendency to expose children to the risk of autism. The inconclusive facts on both sides, supporting and negating the connection of autism to vaccinations had been leading the public to make wrong decisions. Nowadays, many researches are condemning those against MMR vaccines and say the vaccine's benefit outweighs its minor ...

Introduction

Teratogen is broadly defined as an environmental agent capable of causing abnormal prenatal variation in form or function. In other words, it can be any environmental factor that can produce a permanent abnormality in structure or function of an embryo or fetus or restriction of growth of an infant (Gilbert-Barness, 2010). In prenatal life, exposure to teratogens may even lead to death of the embryo or fetus. It is estimated that approximately 15% of all congenital structural abnormalities observed in a child are due to exposure to some kind of teratogens during the prenatal life (Brent, 2001). A larger number of ...

Ethics

The article of Dawson (2004) discussed the ethical issue of the entitlement of autistics to human rights just like normal people. Under the Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) which provides a treatment for children with autism, the skills training of the children should start at a young age to familiarize themselves to develop skills in the natural setting. Although these children appear to be different from the rest of the children, they are still entitled to human rights since they need special care and attention from their parents and other family members. The report of Dawson (2004) presented a litany of mistake and ...

Education

Literature Review Autism is a developmental disorder of the neural system which can be indentified in young children before the age of three. The portions of the brain affected control talking and communication skills as well as social skills. Ann X. Huang and John J. Wheeler (2006, p. 165) from the Tennessee Technological University described autism as “a complex, behavior-defined developmental disorder.” The most studied categories of autism are for children are in the moderate to severe autism range. The authors pointed out that although the a child may be given a diagnosis of high functioning autism (HFA) since each child is ...

1.0 Pivotal response therapy (PRT) Pivotal response therapy/treatment/training is one of the early behavioral intervention techniques developed for management of autism. This techniques is built on the premise that autism interferes with “pivotal behaviors” that ultimately underlie other behaviors are deficient in autistic children. The pivotal behaviors/areas are initiating activities, motivation, self-management, feelings and responding to multiple/complicated cues (signals). PRT therefore aims at increasing pivotal behaviors, particularly motivation, which would in turn enhance generalization. The autistic child chooses the activity and is rewarded (positive reinforcement) for every correct responses or attempt. As such, PRT trains the child to ...

Introduction

Since 1975 education has moved into another area as a result of the passage “Education for All Handicapped Children Act” (renamed “Individuals with Disabilities Education Act” in 1990), which implied teaching the students with special educational needs in mainstream schools (Lombardi & Butera, 1998). Although many schools have moved into the inclusive education, teaching students with special educational needs still remains a challenge for teachers and schools. The current paper will contribute to the existent literature regarding the inclusive education, by providing more information about the autistic students in an inclusive education. This paper discusses about the autistic children, as students with ...

Autism (at times called autism spectrum disorder) is a developmental disorder most commonly expressible in children below the age of three (Bertoglio & Hendren, 2009). One of the major characteristics of the disorder is impairment of one’s social interaction, communication as well as the exhibition of repetitive behaviors (Bertoglio & Hendren, 2009). Ideally the name of this disorder was educed form the Greek words aut which means self and ism which means state. Just like the term Autism implies (living by self), autistic children always like doing playing on their own while exhibiting the characteristics highlighted above. It is commonly hypothesized ...

Literature Review

Autism is defined as a pervasive disorder in development which is characterized by difficulty in communication, relating with other people, and in understanding abstract arguments. This condition is evident from early childhood and as a result it is the parent or guardian of the autistic child who is the caregiver. It is essential to note that to most of these parents autism is a relatively new condition and so dealing with the behaviors of this condition is hard. Keok (8) indicates that having an autistic child has a considerable impact on the psychosocial wellness of parents. This is mainly because the parent is ...

General Information

The observation took place on 03/06/2012 at the Whitfield county school in Dalton for 3 hrs. The address was 6476 and the phone number (212) 401-61-81. The children are autistic and with an inclusive individualized education program. The class consists of twelve students with two autistic and with a teacher student ratio of twelve to one. The student’s ages varied from nine to eleven years. The classroom is well arranged with the Paraprofessional`s desk right next to the two autistic kid which seemed intentional,. (Lessey, 2004).

Physical Setting

The room arrangement is relatively clumsy though one can observe that there ...

While most of us have probably heard about autism, only a few people actually know the implications of this disease. Those are mostly the parents and relatives of the children, who have been diagnosed with autism and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The video “Autism speaks, it’s time to listen” gives the viewers an opportunity to see the life of the people, who have to raise children with autism and to hear about their experience.

Autism is a major problem in America and worldwide. Although it is believed to have strong genetic background, autism can only be diagnosed after several months or ...

Introduction/Definition

Autism is one of the pervasive developmental disorders characterized by difficulty with social interactions, impairment in communication, both verbal and nonverbal and a pattern of repetitive with a restricted pattern of movement. (Chiu 2011). Also, together with these aforementioned characteristics, autistic patients, they also have difficulties using language, relating with other individuals and also, properly interpreting and responding to the external world around them. Although the disorder begins in childhood, a diagnosis of autism is not made until the child is aged 3 years. However, the child would have been showing some symptoms of autism between the ages of 12-18 months. (Dryden-Edwards & ...

Autism is a neurological disease which impacts the ability of a person to communicate. Autism is known to be a group of several disorders which impacts the communicating and relating ability of the person. It is not a single disease but rather a description for a group of disorders that affect people in similar ways. This condition is also referred as autism spectrum disorders (ASD). The origin of autism causes several controversies due to the fact that it’s origin is largely unidentified presently. Autism is possibly caused due to an amalgamation of environmental triggers and genetic factors. Defective immune system is reported to be ...

Autism is a behavioral disorder that affects social and communication skills of a child severely and also affects his behavior to a large extent. Experts of the area under discussion recognize autism as a condition of neural development disorder in which the system of information processing in a child’s brain is affected and he faces several behavioral disorders. Spectrum disorder is another name, used for Autism and this name has is used because symptoms of this disorder are found in a large numbers.

Studies Focus on Backward and Forward Chaining Process:

Wolery and Gast conducted a study to understand the effective process to transfer stimulus control. Authors studied about teaching autistic children and ...

This national resource, based in DC, offered people information on providing literary services, provided technical help in developing best practices for people creating literary programs for those with learning disabilities, and offered training for literacy program practitioners – very useful training for parents or teachers who want to know more about how to teach students with learning disabilities.

High Road Academy of Washington DC

Individualized, remedial programs for students with learning disabilities; integrates computer technology in all aspects of the program; focuses on improvement in auditory processing skills – effective means of teaching computer skills to those with LD.

Commonwealth Academy/Autism Service

Organizes statewide system of services for autistic people ...

Pharmacy, to me, is the application of medications in varying combinations in order to make people’s lives longer and more comfortable. I have long been interested in drugs and their interactions. As a child, I remember my younger brother being allergic to crustaceans, which resulted in severe physical symptoms, turning him from the fun-loving brother I knew to a crying, itching mess. I was often asked to go to the drugstore to purchase anti-allergy drugs to bring him relief. It always amazed me how the medicine seemed to work like magic, and this aroused my curiosity. I wanted to know ...

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to explore the realm of teaching children who are on the Autistic Spectrum. Autistic children pose a number of practical problems within the classroom but equally, their natural talents can be put to excellent use under the correct circumstances and so, the autistic child presents a wide array of challenges and joys for the teacher. Within the course of this paper, I hope to explore the answers to the following areas of interest: the advantages and disadvantages of teaching autistic children; the effect of the classroom environment on the autistic child and whether it affects ...

Introduction

Autism is a childhood developmental disorder that affects the brain’s normal development of communication and social skills. It is a physical condition that appears in the first three years of life and is linked with abnormal biochemistry in the brain. The causes of autism are not ascertained but autism is largely attributed to genetic predisposition and the environment. A plethora of research studies have also suspected other causative factors like mercury poisoning, diet and vaccine sensitivity among others but these factors are yet to be proven (Pubmed, 2010). Autism has a variety of symptoms depending on the level of infection ...

Abstract

The purpose of this essay is to examine the various approaches to behaviour interventions for children with Autism. This essay will focus on approaches concerned with the fields of development and social-relations. During the course of the essay, I will discuss the Floor Time approach, Relationship Development Intervention, the Denver Model, Pivotal Response Treatment and SCERT. These approaches will be examined and critiqued with regard to their positive and negative points. In my conclusion, I will discuss the key points from the body of the essay whilst drawing my own overall conclusion about the main areas of importance whilst ...

I have for a long time been interested in drugs and their interactions. As a child, I remember my younger brother being allergic to crustaceans. This meant that I would always go to the drugstore to purchase anti-allergy drugs which would bring him relief. His allergy resulted in severe physical symptoms like: swollen face; difficult breathing due to reactions in his respiratory tract; and rashes all over his body. It always amazed me and my brother how the medicine seemed to work like magic and this aroused my curiosity about how it worked. This inspired me to take Biology at the ...