Essays on Amino Acids

1. Exercising regularly is good for health. However, one should not be erratic about it i.e. one should have a plan and stick to it. Fitness also includes the food intake. One should have a balanced diet that gives all nutrients in the correct proportion. Exercise and food together lead to a healthy body. At times an overweight person will not be prepared to expose himself to others in a fitness centre. However, one should realise that it is to change this very situation that one need to keep oneself fit. As a result, one becomes more confident about ...

Introduction:

Nanobiotechnology serves as an imperative technique in the development of clean, nontoxic, and eco-friendly procedures for the synthesis and congregation of metal NPs having the intrinsic ability to reduce metals by specific metabolic pathways. Silver nanoparticles are particularly interesting nanoscale systems due to the ease with which they can be synthesised and modified chemically. Synthesis of silver nanoparticles has been widely researched due to their interesting size and shape-dependent properties [26]. These novel properties can be tailored by controlling their size, shape, composition, structure and crystallinity. Due to their size features and advantages over available anti-microbial properties, chemical imaging ...

Growth performance of Barbonymus schwanenfeldii (Lampam) fry feeding different protein content diets

Introduction Lampam or Tinfoil Barb (Barbonymus schwanenfeldii) is categorized under the family of Cyprinidae that is an important freshwater fish mostly found in tropical and sub-tropical areas including Borneo, Peninsular Malaysia, and Sumatra. It is found in rivers and lakes with a pH ranging from 6.5 and 7.0 and the temperature ranging from 20.4 to 33.7ºC. The average weight of Lampam is 200 - 600 g and its size range between 10 and 25 cm. It is estimated that if a specific diet is provided Lampam may reach a size of 30 centimeters and its weight may exceed ...

The critical importance of protein in nutrition and life of the human body was discovered by chemists in the early 19th century, they also came up with "international" name for these chemical compounds - "proteins", from the Greek protos - "first, chief". Proteins have the incomparable value in the human diet: first of all, they serve as "building blocks" for the whole body. In addition, they are responsible for the metabolic and regulatory functions in the body; serve as a basis for the creation of tissues, such as muscle fibers; perform transport functions in metabolic systems of the body, ...

Thin Layer Chromatography of Amino Acids

Introduction The technique used for this experiment was thin layer chromatography (TLC). TLC is used to separate components of a mixture (Clark, 2016). The purpose of this experiment was to identify an unknown amino acid. The components will have different affinities to the stationary and mobile phases. The various components will travel at different rates based on their affinity to either the mobile or stationary phase (Clark). A polar stationary phase is used in TLC experiments and the mobile phase can be a combination of solvents or just one solvent (psu.edu, n.d.). TLC can also be used to monitor ...

Click Chemistry describes the biocompatible reactions that are high yielding, that are very simple to perform, have wide scope, that need no chromatography to remove their byproducts and that can be conducted in easily removable solvents. The synthesis of first triazole was reported by Arthur Michael in 1893. In the 20th century, Huisgen discovered the catalyst of copper, 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition which required the temperature of 100 degree Celsius. This reaction of copper is a highly versatile reaction which does not require any specific reaction conditions and can easily be performed with various solvents, wide temperature range and pH, ...

A proposal in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of

Introduction Wheat (Triticum sp.), an extensively adapted crop, is one of the primitive and primary staple food crops in the world. Wheat is cultivated from temperate; dry to irrigated or rain-fed areas, to warm, humid or cold conditions. Such a high adaptability is attributed to its intricate genome (Acevedo et al., 2002). Wheat cultivation covers more land area compared to other commercial crops and endures to be an essential food grain for humans (Curtis, 2002). Estimations reveal that by 2050, the population of the world will reach 9.1 billion (34 percent greater than today); correspondingly, the food requirement and ...

Introduction

We’ve learned that DNA is the genetic material that organisms inherit from their parents, but have you ever thought about what exactly this DNA encodes for? How do our cells use DNA as a set of instructions for life? How is the information in our DNA/genes used by our bodies? And what happens when the DNA is mutated or not used properly?

Materials

DNA sequence Computer with an internet connection Procedure Obtain your DNA sequence from your teacher. It will be emailed to you at the beginning of the week.

Convert your DNA sequence into a complementary mRNA sequence.

EXAMPLE: DNA: T A C G G C T ...

As athletes, physicians, sports professionals, and the general public continue to search for the most effective diet for nutrition and physical development, high protein diets have emerged as a viable alternative for many people. However, there are disagreements about how to define a “high protein diet” (Tipton). Touted for many years, the Atkins Diet initially allows no calories from carbohydrates and moves into a maintenance regimen of only meat and vegetables (Westman, Phinney and Volek). The Paleo Diet has emerged as a similar recommendation of organ meats, fruits, vegetables, and nuts while excluding grains, sugar, dairy, and legumes (Tarantino, ...

The terms ‘body building blocks’ refers to those categories of food whose intake in the diet helps the body to build more muscle tissues and hence also help the body to grow. The main body building blocks in the human diet are the amino acids and proteins. The proteins are made up, in addition to oxygen, nitrogen, carbon and hydrogen, of tiny units known as amino acids that assist the body to regenerate itself. They also help the body to repair damaged tissues besides helping in growth of essential body tissues that are important in helping the body fight ...

1. a. The pKa value of an amino acid is an indication of how strong or weak an amino acid is, based on the said acid’s dissociation constant. An amino acid that has a high pKa value is weaker than on that has a low pka value. Given that an acid’s dissociation constant is Ka, the pKa value is given by the formula: pKa = -log10Ka pH = pKa + log ([A-]/[HA]),It follows that for Cys12, 7.4= 7.2 + log([Cys-]/[HCys]) 7.4-7.2 = log([Cys-]/[HCys]) 0.2 = log([Cys-]/[HCys]) 100.2= Cys-/HCys Therefore, Cys-/HCys = 10-4Similarly, ...

Liver is the largest ‘gland’ of the digestive system. It is located right under the dome of the diaphragm, coated by the capsule. It is distinguished the liver’s convex upper surface adjacent to the diaphragm, and a lower, downwardly facing and in contact with the back and abdominal organs. On the part of the upper surface of the liver it can be seen its right and left lobes, the boundary of which is the crescent liver ligament. To the lower surface of the right lobe there is a gallbladder, close to the deep groove of the liver there ...

Did Annie’s macronutrient intake fall within the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges (AMDR) established by the Dietary Reference Intakes? Fill in the table below.

Carbohydrates List the 5 primary sources of carbohydrate in Annie’s diet, and indicate the primary type(s) of carbohydrate provided by that source (you can identify the primary sources of carbohydrate by clicking the “+” on the left side of the “Nutrients” report online). How did Annie’s fiber intake compare to her target of 25 grams? Give 4 examples of foods that Annie could include to increase her daily fiber intake (identify foods that ...

In generic sense of the term, a "genetically modified organism" is a living organism whose genome has been altered artificially. This understanding includes all the possible ways of modifying the genetic information, from crosses method for genetic engineering tools. From a legislative point of view, a large number of countries and organizations use a more restrictive definition in reference to that specified in the Cartagena Protocol, which means "living modified organism" "any organization living with a novel combination of genetic material. " However, this definition is not universally recognized. Some countries, including the United States, do not make this use ...

People working in manufacturing and chemical industries are more prone to health hazards as they are exposed to dangerous substances that have adverse health effects on them. Frequent exposure to synthetic substances causes nausea, vomiting, and headaches, which, if not treated at earlier stages turn into life threatening diseases. These substances directly or indirectly exert toxic elements through biological, chemical, physical, genetic or psychological agents on living organisms and other biological systems, and this study is known as toxicology. In an organism these toxic elements are absorbed systematically through the skin, lungs, or gastro-intestinal tracts. The effect of these ...

Abstract

This paper is about the investigation of Parkinson’s disease, and in particular is involved with the examination of its symptoms, stages, causes, prevalence, diagnosis and treatment, and social impacts. Finally, the paper analyzes and evaluates two ongoing on Parkinson’s disease researches, which are also examined in respect to their impact on Parkinson’s disease patients. Key words: Parkinson disease, Parkinson disease causes and impacts, Parkinson disease symptoms and prevalence, Parkinson disease diagnosis, and Parkinson disease ongoing research.

Idiopathic Parkinson disease (PD) is a progressively evolving disease with main manifestations resting tremor, muscle stiffness, slow movement and loss ...

Abstract

This paper discusses how exercise stimulates the release of growth hormone. Older people tend to have lower levels of the hormone. As a result, mechanisms have been formulated to help deal with the deficiency which includes inducing the growth hormone into the individual’s body. This, therefore, leads to the discussion of the exact mechanism through which the growth hormone facilitates exercise, maintains growth and repair of worn out muscles or even reverses the aging process among the aged. Also, the functions of IGF-I binding proteins during exercise and its importance in aiding the release of the GH is ...

INTRODUCTION

Klebsiella pneumoniae belongs to Klebsiella species of Enterobacteriaceae and constitutes the normal flora of the human mouth and intestine. K. pneumonia is the most predominant and clinically critical organism. Infections with K. pneumoniae are mostly contracted from the hospitals and principally occur in patients with damaged host defenses. The objective of this study is to perform techniques to identify the bacterium in the given sample and confirm its presence by staining and microscopic analysis.

Streaking may be performed on the clinical sample using Mac Conkey agar or blood agar with the goal of isolating colonies of the organism from ...

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Abstract

Nutrition is the intake of food which is necessary for survival. A healthy nutritional diet is essential for a healthy body and mind. A balanced diet helps in growth and development, strengthening the immune system, executing the all-important chemical and hormonal activities as well as cell reproduction. Food is further categorized into types and components that play a significant role in processing the biological mechanism at a very minute level. There is six main type of food that includes grain, milk products, Meat, fruits, vegetables, and oils. Water is the most important part of ...

Biology

(Department)

DNA and its importance in our lives

Introduction Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a long linear polymer located in the nucleus of a cell. It is developed from nucleotides and shaped like a double helix. It is related to the transmission of hereditary information from one generation to the second generation. DNA contains the information for the development as well as reproduction of an organism, thereby leading to a normal life. In the year 1953, James Watson, a biologist, and Francis Crick, a physicist, discovered the structure of DNA in a laboratory in England (LEROY, 2003). The structure of DNA helped scientists to know the process ...

Introduction

For those people who have the knack to improve their diets and the surrounding, a shift from eating chicken and beef to consuming crickets, caterpillars and termites is a necessity. Insects are numerous, nutritious and ecologically bearable. In the contemporary world, persons have shunned the notion of including insects as part of their balanced daily diet, giving preference to the less nutritious and environmental unbearable food choices such as beef. The international organizations have been at the forefront addressing the need for the citizens of various nations to simulate the benefit of consuming insects. Additionally, this paper will argue ...

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There is no denying the fact that in the modern world people give their special attention to the food. For instance, there are a lot of cuisines and recipes in the modern world. Each of them mostly includes vegetables, fruits, animals’ meet or fish. However, our society lives in the wonderful but difficult times. The rising of humans’ population creates huge problems to agriculture specialists everywhere. Therefore, in order to find a way to feed all people in the world scientists focus on insects and their useful features. As a result, researchers found out that they ...

I am an individual with varied interests. However, I have always remained fascinated by the science of the DNA Double Helix.  My fascination in DNA Double Helix and its functionality goes back to the 6th grade when I stumbled over my cousin’s biology assignments on the structure and functionality of the DNA Double Helix. I remember asking him to explain it to me. He said a lot of staff I could not understand then, but the only thing that caught my attention is conservative nature of DNA Double Helix. My focus on the DNA Double Helix grew fonder ...

1. Balance Diet and Physical Activity against Obesity and Hypertension The most essential way to prevent hypertension for those who are prone to obesity, and certainly for obese people - is the fight against excess weight. When we reduce the body mass by 1 kilogram - blood pressure decreases by 1 millimeter of mercury regardless of the original pressure level. There are only two ways to lose weight: a diet regime and an increased physical activity. But it is important to immediately warn against fasting that is very dangerous for health. It is possible only under the supervision of ...

Not all proteins are equally good to the human’s body. Animal proteins have all the required amino acids because they are the most similar to the ones we have in our body. Such sources of animal proteins as red meat and egg yolks are rich with heme iron and zinc which are better absorbed by the body than the same elements from plant proteins. Moreover, meat contains B12 which cannot be found in plant proteins, and this vitamin has a big influence on healthy functioning of our nervous system. Milk and dairy products supply the organism with nine ...

Bio Exam

Codominant traits exist when two different alleles for a genetic trait such as flower colour, and hair texture are both expressed. The expression of codominance infers a relationship between two types of a gene. In codominance, the phenotypes of both alleles inherited from the parents are expressed ("Codominance - Glossary Entry", 2016).

Genetic expression feather colors in purple penguin ("Basic Principles of Genetics: Probability of Inheritance", 2016).

With the order of dominance as pd>pm>pl>pvl a 1 dark: 1 medium ration of phenotype among the baby penguins is expected. Marfan Syndrome is a genetic disorder that exhibits variation among affected individuals. The range of phenotypic severities is an example of variable expressivity. ...

Over the years, many nutritionists have been advocating for the consumption of green vegetables and fruits and avoiding meat products to maintain good health. A diet containing meat products has always been considered an unhealthy one by many. Nevertheless, we should note that consuming meat products has its benefits because there are nutrients found in meat products that can never be found in a vegetarian diet. Diet is classified into two, which is vegetarian diet and non-vegetarian vegetarian. Vegetarians are persons who are restricted from consuming meat while non-vegetarians are allowed to consume meat at any time. Therefore, while ...

Abstract

In the following case-study, Joshua is a newborn infant presented by his parents Samuel and Rachel to the pediatric outpatient unit of Robertsbridge, Sussex for screening and medical advice for sporadic vomiting at the time of breast feeding and seizure-like episodes. Samuel and Racheal also report sweet odor in the urine and loss of weight. Blood tests demonstrated increased concentrations of leucine and isoleucine. Genetic testing on the skin biopsies reveal mutation at Exon 6, c.659C>T of the of BCKDHA gene with a protein level p. A220V and Joshua exhibits about 1.5 % lesser than normal deficiency in the ...