Essays on Translation

The topic of my experimental study is “Pragmatics of the English fiction and the pragmatics problems of its translation”. The relevance of the study is determined by the need to better identify and comprehensively study the pragmatics of the artistic text and pragmatic problems of its translation. Pragmatic approach to the study of language phenomena contributes to the disclosure of the communicative purpose of a linguistic unit, its use as an instrument of the addressee action, influence and interaction, its correlation with the behavior and activities of the sender.
The language of fiction is a special system of signs, Continue reading...

Protein synthesis is the process through which the biological cells produce new protein molecules. The process helps in balancing the cellular proteins that are lost through export or degradation. The synthesis of proteins occurs through a series of processes known as translation where the ribosomes are the organelles that are involved in the creation of proteins. Translation is a part of gene expression using the messenger RNA or mRNA that is produced through transcription of the DNA molecule. The produced mRNA is then decoded to produce a chain of specific amino acids using the ribosome complex. The amino acid Continue reading...

When Ruth Rogasaki wrote about the “hygienic modernity” in the republican era, her statements reveal that there was a local conception of the “weisheng” in China that can be closely linked to guarding life than the modern practices that are related to public health. In china, the term “weisheng” was translated to represent the English term “hygiene”. According to Rogasaki, Weisheng is about maintaining health and not guarding life as the term was locally conceived to mean.
This paper explores the emergence of the term “weisheng” and outlining the special features in its discourse. In addition, the paper will Continue reading...

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In today’s world, changing exchange rate has a great impact on the working and reliability of companies. The fluctuating exchange rate affects MNCs, large corporations along with smaller industries. Not only do business owners need to be aware of the impact of exchange rate risk, but also to investors since it can influence their investments. Transaction exposure is due to the international transactions made by a company. Economic exposure is uncalled for currency fluctuations that occur. If the currency increases then the competition between the companies Continue reading...

In her multilayered multidimensional animation film "Sita Sings The Blues" , Nina Paley attempts to retell an old Hindu epic the Ramayana. The film started out as a series of cartoons published on Internet by Paley. Inspired by Annette Hanshaw’s songs, her travel to India followed by tragic breakup with ex-husband, Nina decided to put it together and tell "her Ramayana". Short colorful cartoons uploaded to Internet were highly appraised by general public but got criticism from conservative Hindus due to sometimes frivolous Americanized images of Sita that bared striking resemblance with Betty Boop; and comic depiction of the Continue reading...

- Translation Shift
- What is translation shift?
- It is a language translation phenomenon in which the words of one language are translated and applied in another language.
- The original language from which the text to translated come from is called the source language.
- The language to which the translated text is applied/shifts to is referred to as the target language.
- English language is a source language in an English-Arab shift translation whereas Arabic is the target language.
- Change in word order during shift translation.
- There is a specific order in which words forming Continue reading...

Investigating the Functions of Proteins

The steps made so far in the process of gene mapping has opened up ways in which more studies are done on the human DNA. ENCODE and Genome researchers have so far sequenced more than 90 genomes. With the understanding of genes and their loci, it has been easier to locate and carry out studies on a single gene. Most genes code for various proteins in the body of an organism; it has become paramount that the roles of these genes be identified and prescribed out. The knowledge of the functions of each gene, or the protein it codes Continue reading...

Critical review

Introduction
The Quran is an Islamic holy book believed to have been revealed to the prophet Muhammad (Haleem, 2001, p.7). Since the creation of the Quran it has been translated into various languages around the world to cater for all Muslims speaking a variety of language around the world (Ahamed, 2006, p. 23),. Abdel Haleem's translation of the Quran is a fine translation of the book. This is because of the author's mastery both English and Arabic languages. He author is an expert lexicographer and is, therefore, a master of both ancient and modern Arabic languages. This makes it Continue reading...

Purpose: I will compare two English translations of the myth “Pyramus and Thisbe” from Ovid’s Metamorphoses (8 CE).

Translator No. 1: Michael Simpson, year of publication (2003)
Translator No. 2: Elaine Fantham, year of publication (2004)
Thesis: After reviewing the two translations, I will argue that the version by Michael Simpson is superior to the version by Elaine Fantham. I tend to prove the claims by critically analyzing certain texts from the passage and how the meaning is brought out for the reader to understand.
In carrying out the analysis, special attention will be on book four. We shall look at the love relationship between Pyramus and Thisbe, the reaction of the society about their relationship and Continue reading...

The company

The company provides a hardware/software solution that can deliver language instantaneously. This enhances meeting efficiency and promotes communication ease and speed across globally distributed organizations. One would be able to speak, and the person in possession of the translator device or software would be able to hear and/or see the information in the desired language.

Mission Statement:

We assist our customers’ global success through instantaneous language conversion by providing comprehensive solutions, exceptional value, and unsurpassed service with ease.Value Statement:

The company is committed to:

- Partnering with customers, employees, contractors, and other stakeholders
- Providing a user friendly experience
- Contravention of language barriers
- Valuing Continue reading...

The novel, Madame Bovary, reveals a lot in terms of the psychological interaction between the Emma and Charles. Charles has been used by the author to represent both the personal characteristics that Emma hates and the society. Charles as a husband has been depicted as unimaginative, stupid an incompetent in many instances, in the novel. The negative traits exhibited by Charles make their relationship to face quite a number of challenges. Charles in many occasions, views Emma, but fails to see her soul. He only imagines the romantic aspects of Emma. Such characters depict the shallow thinking ideology that Continue reading...

Ipv6 Deployment Case Studies

Figure 1: Graphical internet usage trend 9
Figure 2: IPv6 tunneling 11
Figure 3: Data routing 13
Figure 4: Internet protocol suite 15

Introduction

In the midst of the number of IPv4 addresses almost entirely depleted, the realization of IPv6 has become a prime concern for many organizations. However, it is not possible to, immediately, change the whole thing over to IPv6 without a few transitions. This Paper takes a look at the ways that can be used to successfully transit to IPv6 from IPv4 among other deployment issues.

Section 1: IPv6 deployment strategy

The global IPv6 deployment recently made a significant milestone on the Continue reading...

A critical analysis of the paintings of the Tower of Babel directly suggest the perspective of the both the translation and labor that refer to the utopian spirit of social critique as well as to the resistance to the authority. The art paintings appear to embody an expectation of a multiplicity of tongues as a result of the harsh judgment from the Supreme Being. The Tower of Babel may not be a realized vision. It can be understood in an angle where the Utopian ideal was to be discovered. The Utopian discourse was presented in a manner that allowed Continue reading...

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I am studying at one school in European country, and we have a lot of foreign language classes. As it always happens here, students have certain misunderstandings with teachers about their translations concerning multiple variants of it.
I have a quite illustrative example which shows this. At one of our translation practice classes I translated the text about the economic situation in Germany, and in the middle of the article I found a line which was quite difficult for others, but as I thought was obvious for me. I had my own opinion Continue reading...

A faithful translator is a mediator between multiple world cultures.Translation is the communication of the meaning of a source language text by means of the equivalent target language text, but has nothing to do with just word-by-word reproduction of what is said or written in the source language. A gifted translator or interpreter should be aimed at creating a comprehensive and adequate copy of an original, in order to convey the message hidden under the veil of foreign language words flow. The actual process of translation is a complex work that include a careful search of full or partial Continue reading...

Introduction:

The function of many living organisms is coupled with a vast array of cells .These units in turn serve as role playing agents for the fundamental physiology that determines the well being of organisms. However, variations in cellular environment are thought to regulate cell growth, division and survival. A network of molecular pathways or signaling events are interlinked with the cellular functions .Alterations in this specific functional aspect could lead to unnecessary complications which may lead to health abnormalities. In such context , the present description is concerned with highlighting about mTOR Signaling in Carcinogenesis.
mTOR stands for mammalian target Continue reading...

Introduction:

Living organisms are equipped with robust machinery for executing a myriad of tasks to meet the day to day biological challenges. This machinery in turn relies on one or more interconnected pathways or networks composed of nucleic acid, proteins and other essential constituents. To say, it is the precise function of these components which determines the physiological well being organisms. Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) kinases is one such known component that performs diverse physiological roles through its associations with the molecular machinery.
mTOR is a protein that responds to metabolism and ageing, intercellular stress to growth regulation, growth Continue reading...

Introduction

Methodology involved in learning a new language is very crucial for the learners to develop the desired skill and competency in the target language. Language learning has gone through several changes over the century and different theories have been developed over the years for language teaching. In modern times, there are several methods used for teaching a language such as the Grammar-translation Method, the Audio-Lingual Method, the Direct Teaching Method and the Communicative Approach. The Grammar-Translation method and the Communicative approach are two significant methods of language teaching, both playing important roles in teaching a foreign language to students. Continue reading...

Perhaps it is a little bit clichéd today, but the world is increasingly interconnected. Modern, affordable air travel has increased people’s capacity to travel to far-off lands for both business and pleasure. Furthermore, the rise of the Internet has facilitated contact and communication with diverse cultures, which not too long ago would have seemed impossible. Finally, the British Empire, and its successor in global hegemony the United States of America, along with Hollywood and the Internet have cemented the use of English as a lingua franca in International affairs and business. Despite the rise of English, significant Continue reading...

Introduction

Every individual belongs to a particular native language of a specific community that is different from a language of wider communication (national or standard language) that is usually a second language to the community. Both the vernacular and standard language contribute significantly to the understanding of literature studies hence the need to explore several excerpts of works done by early authors in both languages. There are several readings (original and translated) in which medieval texts represent their origins, strategies and purposes in the society in which in most cases is to guide readers in medieval English literature while also Continue reading...

List of Tables VIII

List of Figures IX
List of AbbreviationsX
Abstract XII
CHAPTER ONE– INTRODUCTION
1.1 Introduction1
1.2 Thesis Problem Statement.. 2
1.3 The Purpose of the Study 2
1.4 Significance of the Study3
1.5 Research Sub-Questions 3
1.6 Methodology..4
1.7 Limitations of the Study.4

CHAPTER TWO: BACKGROUND & LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Introduction ...5
2.2 What is a website? .. 5
2.3 Studies on web Translation. 6
2.4 Studies on Web Localization 7
2.4.1 Degrees of localization .. 9
2.4.2 Text perspectives in localization process 10
2.5 Web Internalization & Web Globalization 10
2.5.1 Web Internalization .11
2.5.2 Web Globalization ..12

CHAPTER THREE: WEBSITE TYPES, FUNCTIONS, AND TRANSLATION TECHNIQUES

3.1 Introduction.14
3.2 Websites according to Function14
3.2.1 Continue reading...

IT and Public Policy

Introduction
Information and Communication Technology covers a wide area; generally information as well as wireless. In general, ICT refers to the role of combined communications as well as the assimilation of telecommunications, which makes it easier for creation, access, storage transmission and manipulation of information. Lately, ICT forms part of the basic needs of humans because without it life will never go on smoothly. Arguably, the world is becoming lesser than we may realize. Currently, it is possible to communicate individuals of various fashions, customs, traditions as well as languages, thanks to advancement in technology. From my point of Continue reading...

Introduction

Sapir – Whorf theory states that the world is a reflection of our words. To a large extent, the real world does not exist outside the boundaries of words, of language. This implies a connection between identifying the terms and concepts that people want to express in order to project a communication process and the language used for expressing them (Chandler, “The Sapir – Whorf Hypothesis”).
This sends the speaker towards two different points. First, as scholars observe, the thought is directly linked with the language (Putz & Sicola 136; Krauss & Chiu 2), therefore, when a person speaks, s/he defines and expresses Continue reading...

Garcia, I. (2005). “Long term memories: Trados and TM turn 20.” The Journal of Specialised Translation, (4), 18-31. [Summary]

Dubbed “Long-term memories: Trados and TM turn 20” with Ignacio Garcia as the author, the article examines the contribution of Trados in the development of Translation Memory (TM) with the help of information gathered from the Trados websites, as well as informed opinions from people interested in the topic. The article furthers attests that the push for the development of Translation Memory eXchange (TMX) will serve to tilt the balance; an attestation that is then followed by the author expressing doubt in the ability of freelance translators who are the mains users of Trados products to manage the evolution Continue reading...

LOST IN TRANSLATION

“On the principle of infallibility there rests the iron discipline of the Communist Party. In fact, the two concepts are mutually self-supporting. Perfect discipline requires recognition of infallibility.”
- George Kennan, “The Sources of Soviet Conduct”
George Kennan wrote these prophetic words in 1946 as part of the famous “Long Telegram,” a document that was made public in 1947 by Foreign Affairs magazine. Kennan’s treatise on the Soviet Union, the nature of Communism and the expected physical manifestations of that nature became the most impactful work on what would become the Cold War and the courses of action Continue reading...

FX or Foreign Exchange Translation Adjustments are increasingly important in today’s corporate accounting world. It is no longer a problem of comparing “apples to oranges,” and applying a relatively stable exchange rate between countries at a relatively slow pace. If produce is used as a metaphor, it is more of a “fruit salad” where one bad piece could spoil all of the economies that touch it. On the other hand, great profits can be realized by companies that succeffully balance prudence with taking advantage of shifts in their Foreign Exchange Translation Adjustments.
Foreign Exchange Translation Adjustments are judged Continue reading...

Lab 1: Ethical Issue in the Movie Gattaca. The epicentre of ethical issues in the movie Gattaca is the manner in which an individual ought to be judged. Should it be by the genetic composition one is born with or by the character traits, personality attributes and ambitions chosen by an individual? Vincent is born with genetic weaknesses that could result in ailments in the future. His genetic composition denies him access to his dream job despite the fact that he achieves the required grades in school and is a strong and athletic young man. As a result, Vincent Continue reading...

(Author)

Regulation of Xiap Protein in Breast Cancer
Breast Cancer
Breast cancer is the type of cancer that develops in the tissues of the breast. Two most commonly reported types of breast cancer are “ductal carcinoma” and “lobular carcinoma”. Ductal carcinoma is initiated in the lining of the milk ducts, which are thin tubes involved in carrying of milk from lobules of the breast to the nipple. Ductal carcinoma can be in the form of Invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) as well as Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). IDC is the most commonly found type of breast cancer with nearly Continue reading...

__ December 2014 (date)

Compare and Contrast to Natural Language Processing

Computational linguistics is relatively new and fast developing science. In the future the results of the researchers’ work on it may bring changes to many aspects of life and economy, such as businesses, marketing, professional services, etc. Computational linguistics collaborates with many disciplines, such as Psychology, Computer Science, Mathematics, Statistics, etc.
Natural language processing (NLP) is a field of artificial intelligence, computer science, and linguistics dealing with the interactions between human (natural) languages and computers. NLP is related to the field of human-computer interaction. A lot of challenges in NLP involve understanding of natural language, Continue reading...

Implementing a Diabetic Education Program for Patients and Caregivers

Introduction
Research Questions
Background
Conceptual Framework
Literature Review
Abstract
Background: Diabetes mellitus is becoming prevalent in the United States of America across all ethnic, socioeconomic, and demographic lines. Precisely, children, elderly people, and pregnant women of childbearing age are at a high-risk of developing the disease. It is the fourth leading cause of death globally, and “currently affects 246 million peoplearound 380 million people will have diabetes by the year 2025” (Ricci-Cabello , Ruiz-Perez, deLabry-Lima & Marquez-Calderon, 2010 p. 572).
Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of implementing a patient education program with social support for Continue reading...

There are ideas that get captured and lost in translation in all works of literature. It is best to read in the language in which the work was written, but it is not always possible and the translators can convey the meaning just to one point. The translators also have to be good at creating literature in order to be able to do the good job so that the text is understood almost as if being read in the language in which it was written. That is the goal of every good translator.
I have read Hamlet in Japanese Continue reading...

Management: Innovation

Introduction
- the description of innovation
- The elucidation of factors leading to innovation for instance the adoption of common language enabling the workforce to understand each other

- The advantages of innovation will be expounded together with their effects on the society for instance the growth and introduction of new industries

Disadvantages

- The disadvantages of innovation to the society

Conclusion

- The conclusion will follow restating the hypothesis of the paper as had been given earlier on
Innovation refers to first occurrence of an idea for a new product or process. It describes the first commercialization of the idea. Continue reading...

Introduction

Over the course of history the Jews in the diaspora have come under a lot of political, economic and cultural persecutions. This mainly occurred in Europe. This discrimination led up to the infamous holocaust and the gas chambers in Auschwitz where millions of Jews died under the rule of Nazi Germany led by Adolf Hitler. This made the Jewish community to think twice about returning back to their mother land. Various past and present Nobel Prize winners have been Jews. The aim of this paper is to review and analyze the history of the Jewish community as represented by Continue reading...

In this book review of The Spirit Catches You And You Fall Down: A Hmong Child, Her American Doctors, And The Collision Of Two Cultures, the account of a clash between two cultures, and the fate of a three year old epileptic Hmong girl will be discussed. The review cites the 1997 edition of the book published by Farrar, Straus, and Giroux. All references in the review are from this edition. The goal of this review is to outline several of the book’s strengths and weaknesses, to explain the reviewer’s opinion of the book, and to lay Continue reading...

McDonald’s

The McDonald’s Corporation or how we all are used calling it simply “McDonald’s” has grown into a multinational company, the world’s largest chain of fast food restaurants serving millions of people daily in over 100 countries of the world. So it may be hard to imagine that this “giant” has grown out from a small barbecue restaurant opened by Richard and Maurice McDonald in 1940 in San Bernardino, California. Later in 1948 their business concept was reorganized into a hamburger selling place very much close to what we know it is now. And in 1955 the Continue reading...

Summary

Wystan Hugh Auden: Wystan Hugh Auden was born in 1907, in York, England but his parents moved to Birmingham when he was young. Auden was overly intelligent and was transformed by the poetry of Robert Frost and Thomas Hardy
Michael Hamburger: Michael Hamburger was a translator, a poet and a critic born in Berlin in 1924. Hamburger has translated the works of very many poets from German to English.
William Carlos Williams: William Carlos William was born on the 17th of September, 1883. William was a poet renowned for his collection that include Spring and All (1923), Kora in Continue reading...

The appeal for ERP has vastly improved in Asia. Companies in Asia have experienced failures due to the difficulties in implementing the ERP systems and their complex nature (Yajiong et al, 2005). After careful observation of the contributing factors to ERP failures in China, the following recommendations get provided to realize ERP implementation success.

Implementation strategy

The implementation strategy for ERP vendors in the Chinese market should focus on a more localized strategy (Yajiong et al, 2005). The success of foreign ERP vendors in the Chinese market will largely depend on their ability to partner with local service providers. The foreign Continue reading...

How an Animal Cell Survives

Although the animal cell is similar in many ways to eukaryotic as well as some few eukaryotic cells, there are strikingly large differences between them, especially the requirements for survival in various environments (Baitsell, 2008). The animal cell is one of the members of eukaryotic cell category, whose structure is quite complicated by the organelles present as well as the diverse functions they play towards the survival of the cell and the organism in general (Solomon, Berg, & Martin, 2004). The cell structure is defined by a plasma membrane that bounds a number Continue reading...

M.C. Escher
One great artist that has embodied art, mathematics, and the mystical is Maurits Cornelis Escher. He lived from 1898 to 1972. He was a graphic artist who revolutionized a new kind of art form that tickled the imagination of people. He has created around 2,000 drawings, and around 448 lithographs and wood art (M.C. Escher Foundation). He went to the School for Architecture and Decorative Arts in Haarlem, Netherlands to study architecture. However, an instructor of his convinced him to focus on graphical art instead of architecture upon seeing samples of his graphic art. Particularly, what Continue reading...

The Rosetta Stone

The Rosetta Stone is a stone slab carved from granodiorite, an igneous rock resembling granite. It acquired its name from the area where it was found in the in 1798. The British Museum estimates it originated during the lifetime of King Ptolemy V, around 196 B.C. Etched with Egyptian hieroglyphs, it displays a Greek translation of the king’s Memphis Decree issued at Memphis (British Museum 2014).
Three scripts appear on the stele. Ancient Egyptian hieroglyphs comprise the upper text, Demotic script occupies the middle portion, and the text finishes in Ancient Greek. The text is essentially the same, Continue reading...