Essays on Animal Testing

‘Alternatives: Testing Without Torture.’ PETA. People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals. Web. 20 February 2013.

This document is website-based and it provides for alternative testing methods that can be used on animals. It offers better and torture free methods that researches can adopt when using animal in medical, education and general research.

"Animal Testing 101." PETA. People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals. Web. 20 Feb 2013. http://www.peta.org/issues/animals-used-for-experimentation/animal-testing-101.aspx This website is an organizational website for advocates of ethical treatment and the rights of animals. Its activities concentrate on factory, textile, laboratory and the entertainment industry violation of ...

Introduction

Man has been dependent on the animals for its survival for food, companionship, and competition. Man has also used animals to gain knowledge about its surroundings. One of the earliest examples being that of physician Galen who used animals to demonstrate that blood flowed in arteries and not air. The man has come a long way from times of Galen and now, dogs, cats, monkeys, hamsters, rabbits, guinea pigs, and other animals are integral to the domain of scientific research. Research involves three distinct facets: acquiring knowledge, animals use in teaching exercises, and testing on animals of compounds, devices, ...

Millions of animals undergo distressing scientific procedures, and some of these can be very painful. Does the Legislation of animal experimentation under modern societies make the issue ethically acceptable? The “3Rs” concept focuses on the efforts to replace, reduce and refine the animal testing and experiments. There is a continuing debate going on ethical issues of the use of animal in scientific experiments (Kolar111-22). Animal testing is nothing new in the society, and it has been done since centuries. The animals have been used in different researchers working in the areas of health and food. Earlier, the animals have ...

Animal experimentation promotes the disrespect of life on planet Earth, and should not be permitted. Many argue that the role of experimenting on animals reinforces cancer research, helping to bring cures to people with all kinds of terrible diseases. Is this true or just an excuse for lazy science? The fact of the situation is that ethics matters. Animals matter. In one article, whose title is unmentionable, deals with ethical approval of research experimentation on both human beings and animals. The two Canadian researchers insist that discussing animal research-testing incurs a lot of legally binding and ethical issues (Tremayne-Lloyd, ...

Animal testing is one of much debated issues in modern times. Millions of animals are used every year for the purpose of animal testing across the world. Animals go through a process that causes enormous pain and sufferings during animal testing. A number of issues are related to animal testing and one of them is the extinction of animals. A number of animals are on the verge of extinction and this issue has been raised by various animal lovers and animal rights organizations. This paper presents a succinct analysis of the animal testing along with discussing how animal testing ...

Impact of Technology on Animal Testing Issues

Introduction The use of animals in drug and medical testing has always been a controversial issue. Animal activists have faulted medical researchers for using animals as test subjects for new drugs. Animal testing is currently a multi- billion dollar industry that encompasses chemical and pharmaceutical industries, government bodies as well as university research centers. Millions of animals are subjected to intensive pains and stress in the course of experimental procedures and are exposed to very harsh environments for medical and drug research purposes (Kolar 112). The most common animals used animal testing include rats, mice, primates, rabbits, dogs and ...

Although there has been a lot of negative views regarding the use of animals for research, there are plenty of benefits that animal research has given to the society. Not only did it advanced the study of science, it also have saved millions of life through different discoveries on medication, behavior and side effects. Moreover, the continuation of researches that require animal testing needs to remain in order to ensure more benefits and prevailing of scientific pursuits. Researches that require animal testing has contributed greatly to understanding and treating several types of diseases and disorders. An example of such ...

In the contemporary times, there are hundreds of renowned medical research institutions that carry out tests using non-human animals. Animals, mostly rats and mice, are subjected to testing and/or trialing into settings useful to acquire knowledge related to human disease or to test probable human treatments. Animal experimentation can turn out as a tremendous way to further medical science as animals like mice and rats have many similarities with human physiology and genetics (Yarri, 2005). The advocates of animal experimentation generally assert that animals and human beings do not share equal morals and rights. They claim so to support ...

Harold A. Herzog

Assignment

Research Question or Problem

Is the use of animals in biomedical and behavioral research unethical? Introduction The ‘introduction section’ of this article gives a thorough and relevant review of literature. It gives the reader an idea about different philosophies concerning animal rights and experimentation. It also identifies the population using animals for research and leaves answered questions for the research and endeavor on this topic. A total of twelve references have been cited in the introduction and a few (such as Singer, 1975) appear at several places. Ethical treatment of animals has been raised as an issue since the last quarter of ...

Every year, a number of animals are locked up and subjected to tests that cause them pain and even death. This is through the animal testing procedure. Animal experimentation is a procedure whereby non-animals are tested and used to develop treatments, check the safety of products for human use, and other commercial and biomedical uses. It is estimated that, over 26 million animals are used every year in the United States for animal experiments. Animal testing is a controversial topic and like any other contentious subject, it faces a great number of support and opposition depending on human perception. ...

Animal research is a serious subject that has caused great controversy over the years. While some people believe animals should not be tested, so to prevent animals from suffering and maltreatment, others advocate the opposite, and support animal research in order to help save both human and animal lives. It is estimated that more than 20 million animals are used in biomedical research projects, mainly because they share organs similar to humans, as well as other animals, and in most cases, they are prone to the exact same diseases that also affect humans (American Association for Laboratory Animal Science). ...

Introduction

The topic of animal testing has been a debatable subject for quite a length of time. The determination of whether it is worth taking the life of an animal in a bid to treat any human disease has been surrounded by multiple ethical, social, legal as well as moral questions. The controversy between the arguments from both sides, those who support and those who oppose animal testing, has been aggravated by the fact that animal testing still remains a common practice in many laboratories across the world. The claims that some animals are similar to human beings have been ...

In recent years, the issue about animal right has garnered great attention from the society. Whether animal testing should be banned or not is still being debated by many people. Both the advantages and disadvantages of using animals in experiments for inventing medicines for humanity will be discussed in this essay before a reasonable conclusion is drawn.First, the critics of the idea of using animals in testing medicines argue that non-human animals are living organisms like human and also they share the same place to live with humanity, so they should be considered as non-human persons and members of ...

Animal experimentation has been widespread for numerous years and in some parts of the world it still is. The earliest references about animals being used for experimental reasons are dated back in the 4th and 2nd century B.C., when Greek philosopher Aristotle, whose writings were also focused on biology, and Greek anatomist Erasistratus, conducted experiments on animals (Cohen and Loew). Throughout the years, animal testing and especially vivisection has raised high levels of controversy and criticism. Vivisection is defined as the surgical act conducted on living animals in order to examine the internal structure of the animal for biomedical ...

Animal testing is perhaps one of the most controversial and debatable topics that we have today. There are flip sides to the argument of animal testing and each side has vociferous and strong supporters. Animal Testing, in very lucid and simple terms, can be defined as the experimentation carried out on animals to assess or gauge the safety, effectiveness and performance of everything ranging from medication, cosmetics to Food additives and Supplements. Animal testing is also used widely for better understanding of how human body works among the medical lobby. The very mention of the topic is capable of ...

Introduction

Animal testing also called animal research or animal experimentation refers to utilization of non-human animals in the experiments. Roughly, twenty million animals are actually killed or experimented on annually. Three fourths of these animals are experimented or killed for either medical purposes or testing various products. Animal testing is conducted in the medical schools, universities, defense establishments, pharmaceutical companies, and commercial facilities, which provide animal testing services to the industry. It involves pure research like developmental biology, behavioral studies, genetics, as well as the applied research like xenotransplantation, biomedical research, drug testing, and toxicology tests that include cosmetics testing. ...

Animal research has been used for a multitude of reasons. Few consumers realize that their money is going to fund animal research when in reality both tax dollars and charitable donations and more everyday seemingly harmless actions often channel substantial amounts of consumer dollars towards animal testing and research. Many citizens would be disturbed to learn the extraordinary cruelty perpetrated on millions or animals a year in the name of science. In this modern age, animal research is all but obsolete with higher quality and more efficient methods of testing available. So why does animal research still persist? By ...

Mark Twain once wrote, “I am not interested to know whether Vivisection produces results that are profitable to the human race or doesn't. [] The pains which it inflicts upon unconsenting animals is the basis of my enmity towards it” (Twain 26). Most people find themselves in a dilemma when confronted with the subject of animal testing in research. Although many people support animal testing for the sake of basic research, and biomedical research, others believe that forcing animals to suffer distress, fear, and pain, regardless of the purpose or the outcome, is unethical. There is evidence that suggests that ...

Abstract:

For every medicine, for every poison, for every food or anything that would entail human use or consumption; there would always be a test subject that would make sure it is safe for use, consume or dispose. While there are human trial tests in laboratories nowadays to test new strains of medicine, food or scientific improvement; scientists would often test their theories in animals if they would produce positive results that would be advantageous for humans. Nowadays, the issue on continuing animal testing in laboratories for whatever use has been questioned by animal rights groups and concerned citizens to ...

Animal testing refers to the scientific research and experiments conducted on the animals. Animal testing is not new to the society and existing for past several years. Every year millions of animals are used for commercial testing and research purposes. Advocates of animal testing claim that it is essential for development of new life-saving medicines and treatments, especially in absence of any other suitable alternative method. Opponents of animal testing claim that it is inhuman to perform experiments on innocent animals, when alternative methods are available to scientists. Testing on animals also does not provide hundred percent assurance of ...

IS ANIMAL TESTING A NECESSITY?

Animal testing is also referred to as animal experimentation; it is the use of animals in conducting experiments. These experiments are normally done in medical schools, universities, pharmaceutical companies, and in defense establishments. The animals used in these laboratories are purposely bred for experimentation; though some are hunted from their natural habitats or supplied by those dealing in their sale. The experiments on animals are used to conduct pure studies on developmental biology, genetics, and behavioral studies. The experiments may also be used in applied studies on toxicology tests, testing of cosmetics, ...

Annotated Bibliography

The above journal article as done by Kay Peggs explores the pertinent issues regarding animal testing paying attention to the European community. Peggs reviews the moral issues, economic implications and scientific importance of nonhuman animal testing vis-à-vis a directive by the European Community endorsed in the year 2008. Peggs first appreciates that nonhuman animal testing has been the main methodology that scientists around the world use in performing scientific research. Further, the author argues that the European Community has had divergent rules and legislation with regard to animal testing. However, nearly all member states have a deep concern ...

Animals Testing Essay

Arguably, animal testing has been an emotive subject with a lot of ethical, moral, and medical debate, and controversy for many decades. What we should all ask is, does the payback obtained by human beings from animal experimentation justify the inhumane, and harm caused to animals? Billions of animals in the world are killed in laboratories for experimental ...

Abstract

This paper examines the arguments for and against the sue of animals in experiments. It offers a brief examination of the historical development of the opposition to using animals; it considers the question form the practical and the ethical standpoint; it examines some of the evidence which shows the inefficiency and unreliability of animal use; and it also shows the way ethical standpoints have changed in the 21st century.

Key words: the three Rs; in vitro testing ; principle of equality; human volunteers; computer simulations.

All over the world in research laboratories, animals are made use of to test ...

All around the world, millions of animals are put in cages and stuck with needles in order to see the effects of certain products and medications. Medical testing on animals is a controversial topic. However, most people cannot deny that testing on living animals is a moral issue that our society needs to address. In this paper, I will present reasons why medical testing on animals is immoral, show how medical testing benefits humans more than animals, and give alternative methods that can be used in the place of animals. Only by addressing the problem can we as human ...

1. In his lecture, Dr. Tyrone Hayes discusses the effects of Atrazine on amphibians and the potential effects of the drug on human health. In his lecture, Dr. Hayes supports his argument using research findings and presentations. In his findings, Dr. Hayes explains that atrazine has severe effects on the sexuality of amphibians and may cause serious health effects on humans who are exposed to the chemical. Dr. Tyrone also advocates on the development of regulations to curb the use of atrazine. 2. The most intriguing part of Dr. Tyrone’s presentation, is where he “crosses the line” by ...

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My opinion about the use of animals for research is somehow aligned with the guidelines of the American Psychological Association. There is nothing wrong with the practice as long as the need for the research or study can be justified as beneficial for human or animals’ health, as long as the animals used are cared for and adequately provided for in the process, and as long as the researchers adhere to the applicable laws and regulations related to the use of animals for scientific purposes.

Was your opinion affected by the readings for this assignment?

Although I understand where the argument of the People ...

Every year human beings consume about 95 million spondylic animals. Some scientists specially bred laboratory animals, however, some are track down in the wilderness or acquired at auctions and in shelters. The foremost intimation of animal examination was disclosed in the tractate of the ancient Greeks in the IV and III century BC. Aristotle and Erazistrat were among the first persons, realized trial on live animals. At the 2nd century AD, the ancient Roman physician Galen, was famous as the “founder of vivisection”, practiced preparing of pigs and goats. The Arab therapeutic Ibn Zuhr in the XII century practiced ...

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Through Animal Rights Lenses The reasoning of the existence of a superior race is often used as a basis for animal objectification. Humans are believed to be the more advanced species when it comes to intelligence and even physique. This train of thought has allowed humans to justify hunting down animals, taking animals from their natural habitats and using them for purposes that would suit human’s wants and needs. Very few have ever questioned this notion, especially in the 19th century where things were very simplistic and ...

For many years, different tests have been performed on humans or using humans as test subjects. Human testing provides better results as compared to carrying out tests with animals. Humans and animals are by no means exactly identical: There is also the argument that a drug’s reaction in a human’s body is to a certain extent different from the reaction in an animal. The main criticism at this point is that certain people believe that animal testing is not reliable. Following on that criticism is the idea that when conducting tests, since animals are in a strange ...

In modern times, science has made even the seemingly impossible aspects of life possible. Biotechnology is such a field of science that deals with diverse facets of human life. Our life span is increased to great amount by the development of biotechnology. The ailments and diseases that were once incurable and thought to be life threatening seem to be nothing to worry about these days. With the help of biotechnology scientists are able to create different drugs and medicines to cure previously fatal diseases and make the life of the humans better. However, it would appear that this progress ...

Introduction

Animal experimentation can be defined as the use of animals other than human beings in various forms of research such as cosmetics, medical research, toxicology as well as psychological research. Animal experiments have been used widely in the testing of various products’ safety and the development of new medicines all over the world. The animal experiment procedures are known to cause a lot of pain to these animals and also reduce the animal’s quality of life in many other different ways. People who advocate for animal rights argue that it is morally wrong to use animals in experiments ...

Medical testing on animals refers to the use of animals for scientific experiments. Most of tests with animals is done by pharmaceutical companies, universities, and medical schools. Most of the animals used in laboratory tests are breed for the specific, while few animals used in the tests come from the wild. It is evident that animal medical experimentation is an ongoing discussion as whether or not it is indispensable for the survival and well-being of humanity. In any case, the sole reason for using animals in laboratory experimentation is to advance the welfare of humankind, most often ignoring the ...

Purpose

This research is intended to identify and provide understanding of the physical, scenting and vocal expressions of gray wolves when confronted with different situations and circumstances that includes state of anger, danger, loneliness, intimacy, happiness and hunger.

Background

Animals just like human beings have distinct means of communicating to one another (Fromkin, Robert and Nina 25). They have been known to use body language, produce scents or odor and make sound to pass information and connect with each other. These behaviors, scents and expressions vary depending on the physical environment and the feelings of the animal. Many animals communicate through ...

Introduction

BODY SHOP MISSION STATEMENT Our mission statement states that it aims at meaningfully and courageously to balance the financial and social status of the society.

CORE VALUES

The Body shop Company is one of the first beauty companies in the world to campaign against animal testing strategy. It gave a push to this campaign by asking the support of its users across the European nations back in 1993. The founder of this cosmetic company, Roddick Anita Dame joined hands to support the initiative formed to fight against animal testing for cosmetics. In 1996, she joined The European Coalition that was fighting ...

Using Non-Human Primates for Medical Research

The emergence of various and unknown diseases paved the way for medical breakthroughs including the continuous research and development in finding the ultimate cure for the most severe medical cases. However, the success of medical research was obtained from perfecting formulas through several trials on non-human primates. The objective of medical researchers for using non-human primates is to test drug side effects and experiment on different formulas that will constitute the best results. Since humans are considered to have evolved from primate beginnings, medical researchers believe that the shared biological characteristics of ...

Daubert vs. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

Argued March 30, 1993

Decided June 28, 1993 Parents of two little children filled a complaint stating that medicine, produced by Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and taken by children’s mother during the pregnancy caused children’s serious birth defects. During the trial, both sides had expert witnesses. The expert witnesses of Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, Inc. presented statistical data, scientific articles and analysis of the medicine that proved that it does not influence woman’s pregnancy at all. On the other hand, expert witnesses of the Dauberts provided the court with “reanalyzed” data, results of experiments on ...

- Euthanasia: Liberating Individuals from Pain and Suffering - But what exactly are animals? And what makes humans different from other animals such that some humans are sometimes confounded on the morals of putting other humans and domesticated animals to mercy killing? But the latter question seems very difficult to answer since it involves questioning the existence of the higher moral status of humans. - Perhaps the more clear cut definition of an animal in a biological perspective is that they are biological multicellular entities that belong to Kingdom Animalia. These biological entities are motile to include humans and other ...

In his book Animal Rights and Human Obligations Peter Singer makes some interesting arguments concerning the issue of animal rights.

His main argument is that just as we, as a society, have learned that all people are equal, regardless of skin color or gender, we need to learn that all animals are equal, regardless of species. Because this assertion may, at first encounter, seem absurd, he quickly clarifies what he means by it. Singer does not suggest that all other animals have exactly the same rights as people have. He uses the example of men and women: “Many feminists hold that women have the right to an abortion on request. It does not follow that since these same people ...

Man co-exists with animals and nature on the earth. The animals that share the earth with us too have fears, and are able to feel pain in their bodies. Hence it is illegal and unethical to experiment upon the animals in the name of discovering remedies to various diseases of the mankind. Experimenters and medical researchers intentionally cause damage to different body parts of animals, in addition to artificially inducing conditions like cancer in their bodies. Every year millions of animals, including monkeys, guinea pigs, dogs, rabbits, mice and frogs are tested or killed by researchers and scientists of ...

Cruelty on animals could be explained at two different levels, neglect or intentional harm. Neglect is when the animal is denied basic needs that are necessary for survival including food, water, sunlight, or medical services. Intentional animal abuse involves the deliberate subjecting of the animal to physical abuse by kicking the animal, stabbing it or feeding poison. We have become an audience to one of the world’s worst case of animal abuse today. 71% of pet-owning women entering the animal shelters report that animals that had been injured, maimed or killed and 32% reported the killing or the ...

Part 1: Annotated Bibliography

BBC News. BBC, 1 Jan. 2014. Web. 20 Nov. 2014. The United Nations issued a directive in 2008 due to the pleas of the animal rights movement. The proposed changes that may result to an amicable agreement between the two sides of the debate include making it compulsory to have ethical reviews on the experiments prior to conducting them on animals. In this regard, any experiment that requires animals will also require authorization to approve the process (BBC 10). Cochrane, Alasdair. Animal Rights Without Liberation: Applied Ethics and Human Obligations. Vol. 1. WestHam: Penguin, 2010. Print. Cochrane argues that ...

God has created all creatures. It is amazing to discover that each creature is unique in its own sense and does not resemble the other creature completely. The various creatures on earth, including plants and animals differ greatly from each other on the basis of their outer morphology and inner anatomy. Humans are considered the most intelligent creatures on earth and they utilize animals extensively for research and development of inventions that may benefit the mankind in the future. It is estimated that nearly 26 million animals are used everyday for scientific and commercial testing in the USA . The ...

Introduction

PETA (People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals) is an American organization for animal rights. It gives voice against four major issues regarding treatment of animals such as fur farming, using animals for entertainment, factory farming, and animal testing. PETA also fights against eating animals, killing of animals, keeping chained dogs, bullfighting, and cock fighting. Even though the organization’s intention is good to save the life of the animal, PETA is often considered as unrealistic and extremist. PETA states that creating the institution of breeding, as “pets” are selfish. According to Newkirk, who led PETA, the word “friends” ...

Applied behaviour analysis and animal behaviour

According to (Bekoff, 2013), behaviour analysis refers to a scientific approach that helps an individual to understand why animal and people do and behave the way they do. After studying behaviour analysis an individual develops the capacity to understand how both human beings as well as animal’s behaviours are affected by the various events that take place. This includes the event that are there in their physical and their social environments. Teacher’s researchers and parents make use of behaviour analysis to tell how the physical and social environment impacts on behaviour change. The study of behaviour analysis ...

ANIMAL CRUELTY

ABSTRACT This paper focuses the analysis and discussion of results on a recent survey about animal cruelty. The extent of the knowledge students have on animal cruelty are observed through the questions asked in the survey. This paper discusses what students know about animal cruelty and how they feel about the certain issue. It also explores the forms that they are familiar with and what they have done to fight this social problem. The survey discusses the results of the survey and gives a recommendation based on what the students answered. The survey explored the results and answers given ...

Introduction

Association, American . " Understanding the Issues." Use of Animals in Biomedical Research: 07.3 (2008): 12-19. Print. Human over many years are known for killing animals only for foods but it has now turn out the practice is being performed for other purposes which include for the use of medicinal research. The use of animals as research subjects in a medical study has been widely condemned due to it tendency of violating animals rights and it unlawful goes against the will of those that support animals for generation of income in terms of tourist attraction. The use of biomedical research ...

Introduction

This is one of major problems facing the animal sector. It is a problem because it has grown steadily over the decades in the quest for the search of cure to certain diseases. This has been fostered by scientific research by doctors who see it fit to use animals instead of using human beings themselves.

This problem was best brought out by the evidence that some doctors have acquired proving that it does more harm than good. Animals are becoming extinct because of this. This is why some doctors are opposing animal experimentation as they know what is ...