Essays on Animal Testing

Part 1

Lush is a Company that sells Fresh and handmade cosmetics. On their website, they describe their corporate view and how they act according to their corporate view in what regards to corporate ethics or corporate social responsibility. To begin with, they defend a position in which all companies should be ethical, and thus, the term ethical or unethical applied to a company should not be used. They refer to being ethical, which all corporations should be, and should continually strive to improve, means to fulfil the organization’s responsibility to their customers, respecting animal’s rights, the society in ...

The use of animals for scientific research causes numerous debates because of animal suffering, discomfort and importance of the experiment. Researches with animals are provided under controlled conditions, such animals are adapted to the laboratory life (Swart, 2004, 183). The key idea is that such experiments are provided to improve medical progress. From the other side, the use of people for experiments is strongly prohibited, therefore, a limited number of species are used because they have biological and pathological similarity with people. Sufferings in animal experimentation are as low as possible (Swart, 2004, 186). From the other side, animals ...

Introduction

The debate on the legality of using animals in research has continued to rage for many years now. A section of animal rights campaigners have argued that the use of animals in scholarly research contravenes the natural laws that guarantee the protection of the rights of animals. On the other hand, it is clear that the use of animals in research has yielded several positives that have seen the improvement of the lives of both people and animals in the world today. In this context, the current paper holds that the use of animals in research should be viewed ...

Animal testing is a dilemma, which seems impossible to be resolve. A lot of scientists are sure that it is the only way to achieve success in creating new types of medicine, in finding the way to cure diseases like cancer or even AIDS. In the end, doctors and biologists cannot experiment with human live and offer solution, which are not properly investigated. On the other hand, there is an entire army of people, who are certain that animal testing is at least unethical. Interestingly, both sides manage to find reasonable explanations and counterarguments that may puzzle any expert. ...

In global societies, discussions concerning the use of animals in medical tests for research are uncomfortable and controversial. Modern technology often broadcasts horrific photos of procedures being conducted on helpless creatures accompanied by claims of untrustworthy results and skewed statistics. In the long run, animals will continue to be used for testing in laboratories until the value of the practice is diminished. “The benefits of animal research have been enormous and it would have severe consequences for public health and medical research if it were abandoned “ (Festing and Wilkinson, n.p.). This paper will present information regarding whether animal testing ...

Introduction

Various medical research institutions continue using animals as test subjects. As a matter of fact, they modify or subject these animals into circumstances necessary for obtaining knowledge regarding human disease. Nonetheless, animal testing has continued to raise ethical issues for several years. In particular, the topic of animal testing has been contentious, generating a lot of feelings and ideas from both sides. The proponents of animal testing maintain that it is acceptable on condition that human benefits that could not be attained through the other means are achieved. They also maintain that it is acceptable on condition that suffering ...

The subject of animal testing remains a moral issue that draws different reactions globally. In essence, it entails the utilization of non-human animals in the experiment that seeks to manipulate the variables that influence their biological system under study. In the recent years, animal experiments have increasingly been adopted as research tools by various scientists and research agencies. They entail the use of live animals such as rats, rabbits, cats, dogs, sheep, and cattle among others. These are considered important in experimentations aimed at studying behavioral studies, genetics, biology, and developmental biology (People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals). ...

Pets and other animals are treated in a variety of different ways. In some cases, the cultural perspective has an impact on the way that a specific species are treated, and sometimes there are issues with violence against pets and animals. There are also issues in terms of animal testing, which is another area in which people disagree about the treatment of animals. The purpose of this paper is to explore the different approaches to the care and treatment of pets and other animals by assessing the argument for treating animals as well as possible and the argument that ...

In the Society of Toxicology’s (SOT) public policy statement, toxicology is defined as the study of the interaction of chemical substances with living tissue in the context of the following issues: how they affect a biological organism’s processes, how to reduce the chemical substance’s potential harm to the organism, and what are safe levels of exposure (Society of Toxicology, 1999). The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the SOT’s position statement on animal testing. The topics addressed in the paper are how toxicity levels are determined, the application of SOT principles to course material, ...

There are about 26 million animals used every year to test theories for science and products (Animal-testing.procon.org). Researchers use live animals to see how they react to chemicals in their systems (Toxicology.org, 2016). This helps determine safe doses for drugs and treatments for overdoses and assists in evaluating toxicity in organs such as the liver, respiratory system, and the immune system (Kacew and Lu, 2013). There are other ways to perform tests for immunocompetence including test tube methods, computer programs, databases on patients, genetic testing, imaging, and giving humans small doses (Neavs.org, 2016). However, these methods are not as ...

There is a growing concern over the use of animal testing the medical research field. Different views have been fronted by proponents and opponents of the practice on how ethical the practice is. It is true that animals have contributed to some successful medical research in the world; however, the number of animals used in wasteful and non-beneficial research works raises concern. According to Dolgin 1348, it is, therefore, essential to consider the benefits and demerits of using animals in research before the experiments are done to avoid tests that are wasteful. The proponents of animal testing support their ...

Traditionally, animals have been assumed to respond to changes in the environment the same way as humans do. This assumption has been continuously used for product testing, research, and educating of living animals. Animal experimentation is done in a broad range of environments, including agricultural facilities, universities, hospitals and independent laboratories. This technique is used to assess the safety of the products such as cosmetics, chemicals medical services, and household products. However, animal-based testing methods have failed the human needs due to varied reactions of various animal species to these commodities. Moreover, the methodology has received severe criticism from ...

Animal Rights

The issue of laboratory animal research rights has been in the news for quite some time now. Like any other issue the lab animal rights and laws have their own supporters and the people who are against it. The supporters of animal rights give their side of the argument by saying that the lab animal rights protect the animals from being ill-treated and from being misused. They are literally tortured and as a fellow living creature they should not awarded that sort of treatment. The people who believe that animals are the ideal test subjects to test out new ...

Today, it is estimated that more than twenty-six million animals are being used yearly in the United States for both scientific and commercial research, as they are used in the development of medical treatments, determining of toxic medicines and analyse how safe are products designed for people use among many others. According to Langley et al., “the issue with animal research has been in practice since 500 BC as those who agree with the issue testifying on how it has been of help in developing plenty life-saving medicines for both human beings and animals (270)”. According to the proposers ...

Executive Summary

LUSH is a cosmetics company founded in 1995, and since that year the company "has spent years developing what they call "naked" products that work really efficiently" (Smith & Milligan, 2015, p. 85). Over the past 20 years, the company "has transformed itself from a single shop company in 1995 to a multi-million dollar company with 850 shops in more than 50 countries" (qtd. in Storify.com). There are several major factors that contribute to the efficiency, successfulness, and popularity of LUSH products. In the first place, according to Smith and Milligan (2015), the solid products offered by LUSH cosmetics "do ...

Publicity Campaign Proposal

Animal Rights: Publicity Campaign Proposal Considering the vast amount of stereotypes developed around animal rights activism, it seems that animal rights advocacy has been successful with their campaigning in that it has gained widespread attention. That being said, not all tactics used in animal rights campaigning is effective. Since negative stereotypes continue to plague animal rights advocacy, there should be a better way to educate the public without alienating certain members of the public. For example, calling meat eaters murderers is not an effective means of gaining sympathy towards animals, but showing footage of animal abuse at meat-packing factories ...

Introduction:

There are numerous factors that affect consumer trends towards shopping; the purchasing decision behaviour entails the selection of a brand, vendor selection, quantity, and time and payment method decision (Nieuwen, C. et al, 2008). Many big brands, in view of the trend of the consumers, focusing on environmental and ethical conscious companies, wants to build trust by investing on these aspects, besides, the use of organic ingredients to develop products is also on the rise.

Lush Cosmetics: The company is an inspirational story in creating a brand that transcended new trend, with its exceptional and revolutionary approach to invent, ...

In this world scientists are conducting life sciences research to accelerate better healthcare outcomes. For that, both clinical and basic science researches are done for the development of new treatments. The development of new treatments is necessary for various disorders. To understand the normal psychological or pathophysiological disease processes researchers are using animals for experiments but ethical violations are being noticed. Therefore, in this paper all those ethical violation issues will be discussed that are surrounding the clinical and basic science research. In addition, it will present the importance and need for animal studies over clinical trials that involve ...

Animal testing is something that has come under the spotlight recently. Many consider it as an unethical approach to the testing of new drugs and products. It has led to the division of society in ways that suggests the need for the end of the practice. The purpose of this paper is to critically analyze and review the practice and draw conclusions on the different stakeholder positions and procedures.

Why Animal Testing is Controversial

Animal testing is viewed as something that has some negative moral connotations. This is because it implies taking a risk on an animal as a means of asserting whether a ...

The world today is full of serious pressing problems, such as poor nutrition and obesity, access to water, pollution, deforestation, climate changes, lack of skills and help care. The biggest problem for governments in dealing with these problems is absence of financial resources, which can be provided by business segment. Business creates wealth when it meets needs and a profit, because that leads to taxes and incomes. Thus, only business can guarantee necessary recourses. The first example is Volvo Group, one of the world’s leading manufacturers of trucks, buses, construction equipment, marine and industrial engines. “The Volvo Group’ ...

Animal testing is a well known concept in biomedical research. The first recordings of animal testing date back to ancient Greece and scientists like Aristotele, Erasistratus and Galen. In twelfth century, an Arab physician Ibn Zuhr proposed that surgical procedures should be tested on animals before they are applied to human patients (Hajar 2011). Nowadays, animal testing is a method that is used for testing various products around the world. Despite being controversial, this practice remains a legal requirement for placing new products on the market in countries like the United States of America. However, the pain and suffering ...

Many animal rights advocates have been campaigning against the use of animals for scientific research and studies. One of these advocate groups is People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals or more popularly known as PETA. In their official website, PETA.org, the group calls animal testing as “bad science” and claims that “more than 100 million animals every year suffer and die in cruel chemical, drug, food, and cosmetics tests as well as in biology lessons, medical training exercises, and curiosity-driven medical experiments at universities.” As part of the campaign, the group ...

Business Ethics are principles that determine how a company behaves and how it influences its decision making process. A company should be morally responsible to the consumers, employees and the environment. This is especially essential in the modern context where the consumers are much more informed and knowledgeable. This paper shall undertake a study of the L’OREAL Company. It is the paper’s consideration that the company ranks as one of the best player in the market. It is imperative to appreciate that other than merely serving its customers with products, the company equally considers other issues that go a long ...

Animal research is inevitable in the present world as we seek to make advances in the development of medicine and improvement of human health. I support the use of animals in research albeit in very considerate and humane ways, with specific avoidance of torture of the animals or break the laws governing animal handling. This point of view is informed by the readings of this assignment. There are indeed many ethical issues that are associated with the use of animals in research. That notwithstanding, there are also several benefits of using the animals in the research and hence the ...

Educational Affiliation

In philosophy, ethics is a branch of thought that deals with questions about what is right and what is wrong. There are various ethical dilemmas which are found in other more complex areas. For example the widely discussed moral question concerns are the use of animals in scientific experiments. Clearly, humans have the power to use other creatures in this way. PETA also known as People for the Ethical Treatment of the Animals (2014) conducted an undercover investigation on the laboratory of Philip Morris, an international cigarette manufacturing company. Inside their laboratories scientific research are carried with the use of ...

Animal testing refers to the scientific research and experiments conducted on the animals. Animal testing is not new to the society and existing for past several years. Every year millions of animals are used for commercial testing and research purposes. Advocates of animal testing claim that it is essential for development of new life-saving medicines and treatments, especially in absence of any other suitable alternative method. Opponents of animal testing claim that it is inhuman to perform experiments on innocent animals, when alternative methods are available to scientists. Testing on animals also does not provide hundred percent assurance of ...

Every year human beings consume about 95 million spondylic animals. Some scientists specially bred laboratory animals, however, some are track down in the wilderness or acquired at auctions and in shelters. The foremost intimation of animal examination was disclosed in the tractate of the ancient Greeks in the IV and III century BC. Aristotle and Erazistrat were among the first persons, realized trial on live animals. At the 2nd century AD, the ancient Roman physician Galen, was famous as the “founder of vivisection”, practiced preparing of pigs and goats. The Arab therapeutic Ibn Zuhr in the XII century practiced ...

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My opinion about the use of animals for research is somehow aligned with the guidelines of the American Psychological Association. There is nothing wrong with the practice as long as the need for the research or study can be justified as beneficial for human or animals’ health, as long as the animals used are cared for and adequately provided for in the process, and as long as the researchers adhere to the applicable laws and regulations related to the use of animals for scientific purposes.

Was your opinion affected by the readings for this assignment?

Although I understand where the argument of the ...

Daubert vs. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

Argued March 30, 1993

Decided June 28, 1993 Parents of two little children filled a complaint stating that medicine, produced by Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and taken by children’s mother during the pregnancy caused children’s serious birth defects. During the trial, both sides had expert witnesses. The expert witnesses of Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, Inc. presented statistical data, scientific articles and analysis of the medicine that proved that it does not influence woman’s pregnancy at all. On the other hand, expert witnesses of the Dauberts provided the court with “reanalyzed” data, results of experiments on ...

- Euthanasia: Liberating Individuals from Pain and Suffering - But what exactly are animals? And what makes humans different from other animals such that some humans are sometimes confounded on the morals of putting other humans and domesticated animals to mercy killing? But the latter question seems very difficult to answer since it involves questioning the existence of the higher moral status of humans. - Perhaps the more clear cut definition of an animal in a biological perspective is that they are biological multicellular entities that belong to Kingdom Animalia. These biological entities are motile to include humans ...

Introduction

Man has been dependent on the animals for its survival for food, companionship, and competition. Man has also used animals to gain knowledge about its surroundings. One of the earliest examples being that of physician Galen who used animals to demonstrate that blood flowed in arteries and not air. The man has come a long way from times of Galen and now, dogs, cats, monkeys, hamsters, rabbits, guinea pigs, and other animals are integral to the domain of scientific research. Research involves three distinct facets: acquiring knowledge, animals use in teaching exercises, and testing on animals of compounds, devices, or ...

In his book Animal Rights and Human Obligations Peter Singer makes some interesting arguments concerning the issue of animal rights.

His main argument is that just as we, as a society, have learned that all people are equal, regardless of skin color or gender, we need to learn that all animals are equal, regardless of species. Because this assertion may, at first encounter, seem absurd, he quickly clarifies what he means by it. Singer does not suggest that all other animals have exactly the same rights as people have. He uses the example of men and women: “Many feminists hold that women have the right to an abortion on request. It does not follow that since these same ...

Man co-exists with animals and nature on the earth. The animals that share the earth with us too have fears, and are able to feel pain in their bodies. Hence it is illegal and unethical to experiment upon the animals in the name of discovering remedies to various diseases of the mankind. Experimenters and medical researchers intentionally cause damage to different body parts of animals, in addition to artificially inducing conditions like cancer in their bodies. Every year millions of animals, including monkeys, guinea pigs, dogs, rabbits, mice and frogs are tested or killed by researchers and scientists of ...

Millions of animals undergo distressing scientific procedures, and some of these can be very painful. Does the Legislation of animal experimentation under modern societies make the issue ethically acceptable? The “3Rs” concept focuses on the efforts to replace, reduce and refine the animal testing and experiments. There is a continuing debate going on ethical issues of the use of animal in scientific experiments (Kolar111-22). Animal testing is nothing new in the society, and it has been done since centuries. The animals have been used in different researchers working in the areas of health and food. Earlier, the animals have been ...

Cruelty on animals could be explained at two different levels, neglect or intentional harm. Neglect is when the animal is denied basic needs that are necessary for survival including food, water, sunlight, or medical services. Intentional animal abuse involves the deliberate subjecting of the animal to physical abuse by kicking the animal, stabbing it or feeding poison. We have become an audience to one of the world’s worst case of animal abuse today. 71% of pet-owning women entering the animal shelters report that animals that had been injured, maimed or killed and 32% reported the killing or the ...

Part 1: Annotated Bibliography

BBC News. BBC, 1 Jan. 2014. Web. 20 Nov. 2014. The United Nations issued a directive in 2008 due to the pleas of the animal rights movement. The proposed changes that may result to an amicable agreement between the two sides of the debate include making it compulsory to have ethical reviews on the experiments prior to conducting them on animals. In this regard, any experiment that requires animals will also require authorization to approve the process (BBC 10). Cochrane, Alasdair. Animal Rights Without Liberation: Applied Ethics and Human Obligations. Vol. 1. WestHam: Penguin, 2010. Print. Cochrane ...

Purpose

This research is intended to identify and provide understanding of the physical, scenting and vocal expressions of gray wolves when confronted with different situations and circumstances that includes state of anger, danger, loneliness, intimacy, happiness and hunger.

Background

Animals just like human beings have distinct means of communicating to one another (Fromkin, Robert and Nina 25). They have been known to use body language, produce scents or odor and make sound to pass information and connect with each other. These behaviors, scents and expressions vary depending on the physical environment and the feelings of the animal. Many animals communicate ...

Animal experimentation promotes the disrespect of life on planet Earth, and should not be permitted. Many argue that the role of experimenting on animals reinforces cancer research, helping to bring cures to people with all kinds of terrible diseases. Is this true or just an excuse for lazy science? The fact of the situation is that ethics matters. Animals matter. In one article, whose title is unmentionable, deals with ethical approval of research experimentation on both human beings and animals. The two Canadian researchers insist that discussing animal research-testing incurs a lot of legally binding and ethical issues (Tremayne-Lloyd, and ...

Animal testing is one of much debated issues in modern times. Millions of animals are used every year for the purpose of animal testing across the world. Animals go through a process that causes enormous pain and sufferings during animal testing. A number of issues are related to animal testing and one of them is the extinction of animals. A number of animals are on the verge of extinction and this issue has been raised by various animal lovers and animal rights organizations. This paper presents a succinct analysis of the animal testing along with discussing how animal testing can cause ...

Impact of Technology on Animal Testing Issues

Introduction The use of animals in drug and medical testing has always been a controversial issue. Animal activists have faulted medical researchers for using animals as test subjects for new drugs. Animal testing is currently a multi- billion dollar industry that encompasses chemical and pharmaceutical industries, government bodies as well as university research centers. Millions of animals are subjected to intensive pains and stress in the course of experimental procedures and are exposed to very harsh environments for medical and drug research purposes (Kolar 112). The most common animals used animal testing include rats, mice, primates, rabbits, dogs and cats ...

All around the world, millions of animals are put in cages and stuck with needles in order to see the effects of certain products and medications. Medical testing on animals is a controversial topic. However, most people cannot deny that testing on living animals is a moral issue that our society needs to address. In this paper, I will present reasons why medical testing on animals is immoral, show how medical testing benefits humans more than animals, and give alternative methods that can be used in the place of animals. Only by addressing the problem can we as human take the ...

God has created all creatures. It is amazing to discover that each creature is unique in its own sense and does not resemble the other creature completely. The various creatures on earth, including plants and animals differ greatly from each other on the basis of their outer morphology and inner anatomy. Humans are considered the most intelligent creatures on earth and they utilize animals extensively for research and development of inventions that may benefit the mankind in the future. It is estimated that nearly 26 million animals are used everyday for scientific and commercial testing in the USA . ...

Although there has been a lot of negative views regarding the use of animals for research, there are plenty of benefits that animal research has given to the society. Not only did it advanced the study of science, it also have saved millions of life through different discoveries on medication, behavior and side effects. Moreover, the continuation of researches that require animal testing needs to remain in order to ensure more benefits and prevailing of scientific pursuits. Researches that require animal testing has contributed greatly to understanding and treating several types of diseases and disorders. An example of such ...

In the contemporary times, there are hundreds of renowned medical research institutions that carry out tests using non-human animals. Animals, mostly rats and mice, are subjected to testing and/or trialing into settings useful to acquire knowledge related to human disease or to test probable human treatments. Animal experimentation can turn out as a tremendous way to further medical science as animals like mice and rats have many similarities with human physiology and genetics (Yarri, 2005). The advocates of animal experimentation generally assert that animals and human beings do not share equal morals and rights. They claim so to support ...

[Client’s Name] [Client’s Professor] [Client’s Subject] [Date Passed]

Through Animal Rights Lenses The reasoning of the existence of a superior race is often used as a basis for animal objectification. Humans are believed to be the more advanced species when it comes to intelligence and even physique. This train of thought has allowed humans to justify hunting down animals, taking animals from their natural habitats and using them for purposes that would suit human’s wants and needs. Very few have ever questioned this notion, especially in the 19th century where things were very ...

Harold A. Herzog

Assignment

Research Question or Problem

Is the use of animals in biomedical and behavioral research unethical? Introduction The ‘introduction section’ of this article gives a thorough and relevant review of literature. It gives the reader an idea about different philosophies concerning animal rights and experimentation. It also identifies the population using animals for research and leaves answered questions for the research and endeavor on this topic. A total of twelve references have been cited in the introduction and a few (such as Singer, 1975) appear at several places. Ethical treatment of animals has been raised as an issue since the last quarter ...

Introduction

PETA (People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals) is an American organization for animal rights. It gives voice against four major issues regarding treatment of animals such as fur farming, using animals for entertainment, factory farming, and animal testing. PETA also fights against eating animals, killing of animals, keeping chained dogs, bullfighting, and cock fighting. Even though the organization’s intention is good to save the life of the animal, PETA is often considered as unrealistic and extremist. PETA states that creating the institution of breeding, as “pets” are selfish. According to Newkirk, who led PETA, the word “friends” ...

Every year, a number of animals are locked up and subjected to tests that cause them pain and even death. This is through the animal testing procedure. Animal experimentation is a procedure whereby non-animals are tested and used to develop treatments, check the safety of products for human use, and other commercial and biomedical uses. It is estimated that, over 26 million animals are used every year in the United States for animal experiments. Animal testing is a controversial topic and like any other contentious subject, it faces a great number of support and opposition depending on human perception. It has various advantages ...

Animal research is a serious subject that has caused great controversy over the years. While some people believe animals should not be tested, so to prevent animals from suffering and maltreatment, others advocate the opposite, and support animal research in order to help save both human and animal lives. It is estimated that more than 20 million animals are used in biomedical research projects, mainly because they share organs similar to humans, as well as other animals, and in most cases, they are prone to the exact same diseases that also affect humans (American Association for Laboratory Animal Science). Ever ...

Introduction

The topic of animal testing has been a debatable subject for quite a length of time. The determination of whether it is worth taking the life of an animal in a bid to treat any human disease has been surrounded by multiple ethical, social, legal as well as moral questions. The controversy between the arguments from both sides, those who support and those who oppose animal testing, has been aggravated by the fact that animal testing still remains a common practice in many laboratories across the world. The claims that some animals are similar to human beings have been proven wrong by several ...

Applied behaviour analysis and animal behaviour

According to (Bekoff, 2013), behaviour analysis refers to a scientific approach that helps an individual to understand why animal and people do and behave the way they do. After studying behaviour analysis an individual develops the capacity to understand how both human beings as well as animal’s behaviours are affected by the various events that take place. This includes the event that are there in their physical and their social environments. Teacher’s researchers and parents make use of behaviour analysis to tell how the physical and social environment impacts on behaviour change. The study of behaviour analysis ...

For many years, different tests have been performed on humans or using humans as test subjects. Human testing provides better results as compared to carrying out tests with animals. Humans and animals are by no means exactly identical: There is also the argument that a drug’s reaction in a human’s body is to a certain extent different from the reaction in an animal. The main criticism at this point is that certain people believe that animal testing is not reliable. Following on that criticism is the idea that when conducting tests, since animals are in a strange surroundings, the animals will ...

In recent years, the issue about animal right has garnered great attention from the society. Whether animal testing should be banned or not is still being debated by many people. Both the advantages and disadvantages of using animals in experiments for inventing medicines for humanity will be discussed in this essay before a reasonable conclusion is drawn.First, the critics of the idea of using animals in testing medicines argue that non-human animals are living organisms like human and also they share the same place to live with humanity, so they should be considered as non-human persons and members of the ...

Introduction

BODY SHOP MISSION STATEMENT Our mission statement states that it aims at meaningfully and courageously to balance the financial and social status of the society.

CORE VALUES

The Body shop Company is one of the first beauty companies in the world to campaign against animal testing strategy. It gave a push to this campaign by asking the support of its users across the European nations back in 1993. The founder of this cosmetic company, Roddick Anita Dame joined hands to support the initiative formed to fight against animal testing for cosmetics. In 1996, she joined The European Coalition that was ...

ANIMAL CRUELTY

ABSTRACT This paper focuses the analysis and discussion of results on a recent survey about animal cruelty. The extent of the knowledge students have on animal cruelty are observed through the questions asked in the survey. This paper discusses what students know about animal cruelty and how they feel about the certain issue. It also explores the forms that they are familiar with and what they have done to fight this social problem. The survey discusses the results of the survey and gives a recommendation based on what the students answered. The survey explored the results and answers given by ...

Animal experimentation has been widespread for numerous years and in some parts of the world it still is. The earliest references about animals being used for experimental reasons are dated back in the 4th and 2nd century B.C., when Greek philosopher Aristotle, whose writings were also focused on biology, and Greek anatomist Erasistratus, conducted experiments on animals (Cohen and Loew). Throughout the years, animal testing and especially vivisection has raised high levels of controversy and criticism. Vivisection is defined as the surgical act conducted on living animals in order to examine the internal structure of the animal for biomedical ...

Medical testing on animals refers to the use of animals for scientific experiments. Most of tests with animals is done by pharmaceutical companies, universities, and medical schools. Most of the animals used in laboratory tests are breed for the specific, while few animals used in the tests come from the wild. It is evident that animal medical experimentation is an ongoing discussion as whether or not it is indispensable for the survival and well-being of humanity. In any case, the sole reason for using animals in laboratory experimentation is to advance the welfare of humankind, most often ignoring the ...

Animal testing is perhaps one of the most controversial and debatable topics that we have today. There are flip sides to the argument of animal testing and each side has vociferous and strong supporters. Animal Testing, in very lucid and simple terms, can be defined as the experimentation carried out on animals to assess or gauge the safety, effectiveness and performance of everything ranging from medication, cosmetics to Food additives and Supplements. Animal testing is also used widely for better understanding of how human body works among the medical lobby. The very mention of the topic is capable of generating ...

Introduction

Animal testing also called animal research or animal experimentation refers to utilization of non-human animals in the experiments. Roughly, twenty million animals are actually killed or experimented on annually. Three fourths of these animals are experimented or killed for either medical purposes or testing various products. Animal testing is conducted in the medical schools, universities, defense establishments, pharmaceutical companies, and commercial facilities, which provide animal testing services to the industry. It involves pure research like developmental biology, behavioral studies, genetics, as well as the applied research like xenotransplantation, biomedical research, drug testing, and toxicology tests that include cosmetics testing. ...

Animal research has been used for a multitude of reasons. Few consumers realize that their money is going to fund animal research when in reality both tax dollars and charitable donations and more everyday seemingly harmless actions often channel substantial amounts of consumer dollars towards animal testing and research. Many citizens would be disturbed to learn the extraordinary cruelty perpetrated on millions or animals a year in the name of science. In this modern age, animal research is all but obsolete with higher quality and more efficient methods of testing available. So why does animal research still persist? By exploring the ...