Essays on Artificial Intelligence

Essay 1

Part 1
Part 2
- The article has some flow. The author presents the article by first providing a general overview of the article. Further, the author goes ahead and provides a problem statement that the article will try to address in the introduction. Consequently, there is smooth transition from the introduction into the body of the paper where the author concludes the first paragraph with the problem and indicates that different companies are using approaches. The following section on the development provides a description of a technology solution the companies are using. The author provides a description of

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201300175

ENGL 203
Qatar University
In the near future computer software and machines will completely change how human beings operate by either replacing or enhancing the capabilities of some of the tasks previously considered to be strictly in human beings’ domain. In the past, fatal accidents in general aviation have been caused by loss awareness surrounding weather events due to the use of traditional methods of predicting meteorological patterns. Recent research and developments in artificial intelligence has proved that human beings can accomplish a lot by utilizing this technology and overall air travel could become much more safe and effective.

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The common adage goes that learning only ends when one goes to the grave. I belong to the school of thought that believes that the brain is an empty slate that is continuously filled with knowledge during the journey of life. I am a good example of a learned mind going by my relatively modest experience in the world of computers. My area of concentration has always been and remains machine learning and computational theory.
In briefly commenting on my academic and professional goals, I wish to state the fact that I purpose to pursue academic research and coursework

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One of the most complicated machines in the world is human brain. Human beings have often pondered about its complexity and the beauty of its functioning. Man wanted to create an object that can think as similar as man. An object which can replicate the functioning of the human brain and give out the desired results. This innocuous desire of man has been the stepping stone for inventing a branch of study- Artificial Intelligence.
The name as it seems, is not a very new concept. It has been in the minds of people ever since they began thinking. The

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1. What did you find most interesting about Ai Wei Wei's art?
I strongly believe that the most interesting aspect about Ai Wei Wei’s art is the innovativeness: seeing seemingly ordinary things in different artistic perspective where a deeper meaning could be relayed to those who have the privilege to appreciate his art. As an artist, he allegedly assumed diverse roles which tapped various genres: filmmaking, installation art, marble recreations, photography, writing, music, and architecture, among others. Most of his recent works showcased his intention to communicate the need for social change to initiate freedom of expression and

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Artificial intelligence is the essence of the use of software that is programmed to perform tasks that would have been performed by human being. There has been advancement in technological usage in the current world. According to the scientists if this continues untamed it would in the end pose a threat to the human intelligence. Although the human mind functions differently with that of a robot, scientists have pointed the fear of a takeover by robots.
Arguably, the whole idea of artificial intelligence is spurred by scientific fiction in which it tries to come out and program software that

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Man created machine to semi, or fully, automate tasks that were otherwise resource hungry or redundant. Earlier, machines worked on a specific set of instructions that were hardwired into them. This limitation was outleaped when computer memory came into existence. Today, with the help of sophisticated hardware and advanced software instructions, we can instruct the machine to perform nearly anything. However, we did not stop here and attempted to provide a computer machine additional capabilities. We have managed to manufacture nearly every kind of machine sensor, for example, camera, gyroscope, speakers, microphone etc., which emulates the human sensory reception

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The recent clamour about the dangerousness of Artificial Intelligence (AI) more than nuclear weapons raised many questions and has put a lot of prominent individuals taking sides whether it is true or not. But is not AI still has not reached the capabilities of a human mind which is exactly its aim, whereas nuclear weapon has proven its destructive power throughout the course of our history?
Elon Musk’s, Tesla Motors and SpaceX founder, was the one who raised the idea when he tweeted that we need to be “super careful with AI” because it is “potentially more dangerous

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Artificial intelligence (AI) saw a dramatic change in the recent years. In the recent years, the use of logic-based reasoning led to the success of artificial intelligence with least resemblance to the initial concept . The article exemplifies the scenario of a ware house that belongs to diaper.com. In the warehouse, hundreds of robots perform the work of placing the items in a logical sequence and filling an order. Though the robots are not smart and possess no qualities of humans, they present a new cutting edge in the field of artificial intelligence. In the recent times, instead of recreating

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Rational expectation theory and bounded rationality were developed at the same nest and the same time. The pioneers of wee at Carnegie-Mellon University in the 1960s and they included Keynesian, Simon, Muth, as well as Lucas. The atmosphere among these adversaries was amiable. They focused on dynamic programing techniques and demonstrated the applications to managerial decisions (Sent 324). The method was applicable in factory-warehouse. Simon asserted that making assumption on costs it is possible to solve without computation a minimization problem. Herbert Simon pushed for the idea that was against economic believes. Despite the differences between the individuals, they

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English 1101

Nicholas Carr is one person who makes one think questions completely out of the box. In his article, “Is Google Making Us Stupid” he brings an idea which almost no one would have thought about. He begins by relating his ideas to a fictional thought and goes on to explain how development at all ages has shaped our minds. He focuses on how the internet has changed our lives and about how mechanical it has become. He concludes by provoking us to think and to make us analyze whether the present day internet is a boon or a bane.

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Ai Weiwei and Cai Guo-Qiang are both Chinese-born artists that are featured heavily in the international art world. Both have different messages and different approaches to their art, but each bring something uniquely Chinese to the art world. While both have different backgrounds and different artistic messages, each seeks to address problems that they perceive are associated with living in the Communist-controlled country of China.
Ai Weiwei is arguably one of the most well-known of the Chinese dissenting artists. He was most recently in the news for his jail term as a result of his political and artistic representation

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Source:

Ronald C. B., Steven M. C., Royston G., Peter de B. H., James P. R., Stephen S.,
and Charles W. W. (2000). Artificial Intelligence and Expert Systems in Mass
Spectrometry Encyclopedia of Analytical Chemistry R.A. Meyers (Ed.)

 JohnWiley & Sons Ltd, Chichester, 2000
As a result of the widespread availability of minicomputers in the late 1960s, and microcomputers in the 1970s and 1980s, automation of mass spectrometer control, tuning, data acquisition, and data processing became practical. The reduction in both size and cost of computational engines, with a concomitant increase in processing power, cannot be overemphasized in the development

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AEIS 111 #3 draft

Can high-tech machines replace humans?
Since the early 19th century, humans have competed for jobs with high-tech machines. Machines and computers seem to be wining this battle and have been eating into manufacturing jobs for several decades (Myers, 2013). In factories and manufacturing industries, robots can use the resource better than humans. In addition, fully autonomous robots today can mimic human emotions and even hold a conversation with a human being (Utne, 2011). This means that technology is increasingly threatening the roles and functions of the human beingWith the extent of what high tech machines can do today, they

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Introduction

Ever since the early 19th century, humans have competed for jobs with high-tech machines. Machines and computers seem to be wining this battle and have been eating into manufacturing jobs for several decades (Myers, 2013). They have proved faster, cheaper and offer greater precision than human line workers. This has led to the loss of many jobs by human worker as a result of being outdone by machines. In factories and manufacturing industries, robots can be programmed to perform tasks such as spray-painting and joining of parts with better resource outcomes than those attained by humans. In addition, fully

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Artificial intelligence is commonly abbreviated as AI. It is a discipline that has its roots in philosophy because philosophers for over 200 years have been studying the issues to do with sense, learn, thinking and remembering mechanisms. The theory of learning and reasoning has been under study for 200 years where several theories have been formulated. Some of the theories concluded that reasoning is made of several physical systems. Through such efforts there has been several theories developed such as the theory of probability, logic, decision making and calculations from the field of mathematics. The development of first generational

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1. Explain the positions of Steven Cherry and Henrik Christensen.
Steven Cherry and Henrik Christensen have different positions when it comes to the robot topic. Cherry who interviews Christensen on the influence of robots to the job market strongly believes that robots must have extensive negativity to the job market. On the other hand, Christensen believes that there is no negative influence will be bestowed on the job market with the introduction of robots but there will be an increase for jobs (Vardi, 2013).
2. Why is the Watson computer relevant in the discussion of the articles? What has

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Personal Learning Approach

Personal Learning Approach
Learning approaches are often borrowed and adopted from the foundation upon which the education system exposes them. In many cases, one settles for a personal learning approach at high school level when education and learning in general is appreciated. In this paper, I shall discuss my personal learning approach within the context of the current learning. I shall explore the strengths and weaknesses of the approach as well as the inherent risks, challenges and modifications that I find appropriate and helpful in the overall learning process. However, I wish to postulate the fact that one cannot

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Artificial intelligence is a branch of science regards computers that focus on the study and development of intelligent software and hardware. In precise, artificial intelligence is mainly geared towards the design and development of systems commonly known as intelligent agents. These are systems that emulate human behaviors by perceiving what is required of them in a given environment and acing as per these expectations. Systems that are in conformance to the standard of artificial intelligence act with an aim of achieving their purpose and eventually being successful (Amarel, 1985). Artificial intelligence technology borrows so much from robotics and expert

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The abbreviations A.I mean artificial intelligence. Artificial Intelligence distinguishes between the weak artificial intelligence and a strong artificial intelligence. Technology level dictates the ability of creation of artificial intelligence. Advancement in the technology level leads to the development of strong artificial intelligence. A weak artificial intelligence compares the principal value of a computer with the mind as a powerful tool. Computers perform the work of the brain, and helps people in stating and testing the hypothesis in rigorous and precise way. They give the correct answer with certainty and certain degrees of confidence level, if not certain. However, according

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Introduction

Planning is an important part of artificial intelligence. There have been various approaches which have been devised in this field. Planning is a way in which transition systems are undertaken. There has been the quest to solve the problem at hand. There have been contributions by various scholars in the quest to improve on the previous researches that have been devised for this issue.
Planning is an important process in finding for solution to a given problem. It is an area in Artificial Intelligence which has helped to find solution to a given problem. There is a need to

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Applications of Artificial Intelligence

An automatic car number-plate recognition system can be used successfully to identify the vehicles passing by a particular location and hence recognize their owners. In the given situation, this system needs to be used to identify vehicles entering and leaving a proposed congestion charge area in Southampton. This can be achieved with the help of a camera for taking images of the vehicle as it passes into the zone. Thereafter, using software those images can be processed and compared with the already existing records for identification and recognition.
For the identification process it is necessary to have an understanding

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QNT/561

I need to travel for a distance of 1064 miles and select a personal insurance policy that will cover the expenses. Car rental is much more convenient and cheaper compared to flying. I do my research and identify a rental company called travel safe. They offer $9.99 a day on the weekends and $18.99 per day if a client chooses to extend including the $3.00 charge. In addition, an extra $12.99 will need to be paid as accident insurance. Notably, it is indicated that if offered an insurance claim, $500 will be deducted. In this situation, I need to

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Introduction

Bayesian learning basically means to get a computer to utilize information to do a task in the best possible manner. Bayesian means the optimization of deduction with limited data. The capacity to use the nervous system in times of doubt in a way close to the best shown by Bayesian statistics. Work in Machine learning refers to the use of a bunch of digits from information. Often, this word Bayesian is used in relation to neuroscience and behavioral science. The studies on these try to explain the nervous systems cognitive ability in relation to statistical settings (Helmholtz, 1962 P.

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INTRODUCTION TO MACHINE LEARNING

Introduction
Machine learning refers to the development of learning algorithms, which enable computers to automatically execute tasks without the need for human intervention (Schapire 2003). With application learning techniques, computers are able to come up with their own programs for solving a problem, and these are based on the examples that the computers are provided.
In particular, some of the questions that the discipline of machine learning aims to answer are: 1.) How computer systems that automatically improve with experience can be built; and 2.) What the fundamental laws are that govern all learning processes (Mitchell 2006).
Machine learning

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Abstract

This paper seeks to examine what constitutes artificial intelligence, the principles behind it, its application, and the cases whereby artificial intelligence has proved to be a success. On a broad scale, this paper finds that artificial intelligence is a relatively new field, but its outcomes are promising. Creators of artificially intelligent systems aim to make machines capable of making independent decisions, and artificially intelligent objects heavily rely on agents to be able to make the independent decisions. Artificial intelligence is widely applied in various fields such as medicine, banking and the video gaming industry among others. Future forecasts prove

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INTRODUCTION

The following are examples of recent developments in Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology. First, Microsoft gave had a breakthrough in reducing the gap created because of language barriers between different people of the world. They have taken recognition of speech to a level never reached before. They have been able to reduce the percentage of errors in speech by 30 percent, meaning a single word in every eight words. In addition, the system can turn in your own voice English to Chinese. The second advancement is the creation of a robotic arm that is wearable. The arms act as an

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Nikon D7000 is a great camera suitable for professional use. It offers numerous professional-style features, such as magnesium alloy body construction, a 2,016-segment color exposure meter, weather and moisture sealing, 39 focus points, dual SD memory card slots, built-in timed interval exposure features, virtual horizon (in viewfinder and live view) and compatibility with older non-CPU manual-focus and autofocus AI and AI-S Nikon F-mount lenses as well as tilt-shift PC-E lenses (Goldstein 2010). There are other convenient features, such as 2 user customizable modes, a wireless flash commander, full HD video with autofocus and mono, automatic correction of lateral

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2001: A Space Odyssey is a Stanley Kubrick movie that came out in 1968. The movie is widely regarded as one of the best science fiction movies of all times. The movie is much more than just science fiction story with breathtaking visuals (for its time) and action sequences that are now so commonly associated with such cinema. Since its release, 2001 has been a subject for forum discussion of many thinkers and philosophers, talking about the hidden meaning and message imparted by the movie. Kubrick had also famously said “You're free to

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Question 1

What is the “Digital Divide”?

Answer

Digital divide is a term used to describe inequalities between people, in terms of access to, use of, or knowledge of information and communication technologies (Wikipedia 2011). In other words, digital divide describes the discrepancy between groups having access to technology and those who do not have.

Question 2

How has work been transformed in the computer age?

Answer

Advent of computer age is both, a boon and a bane. It is a boon because it reduces a lot of human effort. It makes it easier to handle, store and

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Introduction

Automation is the process of reducing human work by use of control systems and information technologies in order to effectively and efficiently produces goods and offer services in an acceptable manner. In essence, automation is seen a big step beyond mechanization if the industrialization aspect of view is considered. In mechanization there is the use of human operators in to run machines that assist in the realization of muscular requirements of work (Trevathan 69). With the proliferation of technology and with the rate of industrialization experienced in the world, mechanization plays an important role in the effective realization of

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A. Metaphysics

1) How can you tell if you are thinking about ontology and not epistemology?
Ontology mainly deals with the study of nature or reality. It also involves a study on the relations of nature and mainly deals with questions concerning what entities exist and how they can be grouped based on the relationships in the hierarchy. Epistemology on the other hand aims at giving the definition of knowledge, how it is acquired and ways in which we can know what we know. Therefore if a person is thinking about nature and classifications of organisms, then he/she is thinking about

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Number:

Artificial intelligence
Artificial intelligence is the branch of computer science which it tries to find solutions to some problems which has no efficient solution but in which it is known to be solvable because some knowledge and intelligence can be used to solve the problem. One of the benefits of learning artificial intelligence is that we get to know how some problems are solved in the natural way. we therefore get to know how artificial intelligence works. With artificial intelligence, there is the creation of machines that are used to solve problems that have been solved by humans. In

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Autonomous agents

An agent is a computer system which is the ability to undertake an autonomous action in a given environment so that it meets the objectives of the design. They are autonomous because there is no intervention.

Cognitive agents

They are also called deliberative architectures. Their main focus is symbolic reasoning and planning. An example is a traditional decomposition of a mobile robot control system into functional modules. It is concerned with imitating the behaviors of other objects so that the routines and behaviors can be adopted (Russell and Norvig 81).

Reactive agents

These are agents which have no representation of the environment. There

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Abstract

Algorithms have been developed for a long time with many of them undergoing a long process to reach where they are today. The A* algorithm has found its wide use in artificial intelligence. This is because it has been found to be effective in looking for the shortest path to getting something. Many search algorithms are dynamic in nature. A* can be regarded as static in the way it does its search. There are other versions that have been developed to overcome the limitation that is brought by this algorithm. Even though this is a major limitation in carrying

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Abstract

The invention and the continuous research on intelligent machines have greatly impacted on the way man carries out his day to day activities. This research paper examines the topic “Artificial Intelligence” in its broader perspective. It gives the definitions and brief background information on the topic of study and then extends to detailed examination of the topic as given in various literature materials. Artificial Intelligence is considered as a great step in technological innovations and this paper analyses its importance and the areas where it finds applications. A conclusion of this work affirms that, indeed Artificial Intelligence has

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Introduction

The term Artificial Intelligence (AI) refers to a technology whereby intelligent agents are studied and created (Poole and Mackworth 9). In this case an intelligent agent is a structure that senses its surroundings and acts in such a manner as to maximise its chances of success. The origin of AI was in 1956 where John McCarthy described it as a science of creating thinking machines (intelligent machines). The technology comprises of eight different areas that are currently researched on and are wide in their own rights. The fields are: expert systems; decision support and planning; speech recognition; natural

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