Essays on Warfare

Introduction

During the age of Frederick the Great, 1740 to 1786, Western militaries used similarFrederick’s time, the West applied military tactics and that swept away the most obvious approaches to military organization. These Western warfare techniques and tactics throughout the west. It provoked several decades of furious debate over the extent and nature of the changes in the 16th century warfare. There were several aspects of warfare during the age of Frederick the great. According to Geoffrey Parker, “five essential aspects of Western warfare remained constant for centuries always including a combination of superior technology, high discipline, aggressive traditions, ...

Evolution of Warfare

Since existence, human beings have always waged war. It is claimed that the first action the Homo sapiens engaged in on the global stage was genocide with the complete obliteration of the Neanderthals even though there is no implication of a prearranged war endeavor. The Neanderthals where physically stronger than the Homo sapiens. However, the Homo sapiens could commune and unite to push the Neathadals to areas that were not very favorable for continued existence hence dominating better settlements.

Though many people would think of war as a morally and ethically unacceptably action, it is still a very important ...

The Challenges Faced by Military, Naval Support Transportation and Flow of Support During the Past Wars.

Lack of Navel Vessels that were Fast
The Navy is a key branch of the military. This arm of the military specializes in water combat, and it is essential for all nations across the globe to have a well trained and equipped naval force. This is because it serves to compliment the efforts of all the other branches of the military (Creveld 2004, p. 12). In fact, a well equipped naval force facilitates the putting up of a formidable fight when the need arises. Over the years, countries have engaged in a broad range of naval warfare. As a ...

Modern warfare as we know it today began to take shape during the 19th century, with the rise of nation states came patriotic fervor and the need to express this through a strong, varied and most importantly competent military force. For the first time in history, armies became institutions and nations took pride in training and equipping their regiments. This change coincided with the industrial revolution which brought wide ranging changes to manufacturing processes. The production line allowed weapons and other instruments of warfare to be produced in mass numbers never before seen. More advanced manufacturing techniques meant more ...

‘Warfare state’ or ‘welfare state’: which better describes the British State in the 20th century?

Great Britain has been a witness to many conflicts that had led to a shift in international and regional politics, triggering the onset of policies and programs directed to either war or welfare. As a veteran of the Great Wars and one of the world’s influential hegemons, Britain had succumbed to both victory and immense loss especially in economic and social development. With the trauma caused by the Great Wars to the nation, the British government alongside the monarchy had revised its programs to revive the once dominant British state towards the 20th century. However, experts have argued ...

INTRODUCTION

War is one of the ugliest and damaging of all human behaviors. Many atrocities are committed against enemies in times of war. However, while most people do not encourage war, they may endorse it under certain circumstances. Many see warfare as an inevitability in a diverse world; a necessary evil. People of all genders, races, ages and religions have participated in warfare throughout the ages. Christianity has been involved in its share of warfare since its earliest origins 2000 years ago (Charles, 1-2). Of course, there are many Christian denominations, and they sometimes do not see eye-to-eye is where “ ...

Political warfare is known as the use of political means and ways of making an opponent according to ones will under hostile intent. The use of the term political means the act of interaction between a government and a targeted audience in the aim of including a country’s government or military or its generation population. The government has to use different a variety of techniques that the opponent country cannot understand or in other words has a relatively less ability or strength to resist (Garnett, 2002). The nation may opt to use techniques like psychological operations (PSYOP) and ...

Eye-Deep In Hell: Trench Warfare In World War I (1989) - John Ellis

When it comes to wars that are an exercise of futility, nothing good can come out of them. Although all wars can be considered an exercise of futility, this is particularly true of the First World War. Although World War I was not the first time that trench warfare has been employed but trenches were certainly a prominent part of World War I. Undoubtedly, the thousands of eager soldiers who signed up for World War I in August 1914 had no clue of what was to come but they soon realized how futile the war really was. Trench warfare ...

Cyberwarfare refers to the politically motivated hacking into classified accounts, personal accounts or websites with an aim to conduct sabotage and espionage. It can be described as information warfare. Companies have established website that store classified information about their plans, motivation, files and marketing strategies among other information. In the face of stiff competitions, the competitors may require this information from the rivalry companies for purposes of strategizing. To obtain the data, they may result to cyber war.

Methods of attack

Cyber warfare occurs in various methods. These can be classified as cyber espionage and cyber-attacks. Cyber-attacks are listed as one of ...

In order to ensure thatUSCYBERCOM is effective in its operations, there is need for sufficient communication from the US ARMY. This gives the force a direction on the key areas to focus on. The US government ought to provide sufficient funding since this area can grow and new technologies are always coming up. Sourcing of experts from leading firms and institutions of higher learning to run the facility is another approach of ensuring coverage of a large scope of cyber space security (Winterfeld and Andress, 284).

Lessons to be Leveraged From theOperational History ofCyber Warfare

The introduction of the USCYBERCOM in response to cyber warfare was timely. This ...

Asymmetric warfare involves a manner of thinking, organizing, and acting that is different from the opponent (Patterson 2002). This enables one to maximize their own advantages or exploit the weaknesses of their enemies. It involves the use of new capabilities that are not perceived or understood by the enemies. They enable one to counter or exceed the enemies’ capabilities or consist of capabilities that involve entirely new methods of defense or attack. According to Carter (2012), asymmetric warfare is a “war between combatants whose relative power differs significantly or whose strategies or tactics differ significantly” (Carter 2012, second paragraph).
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During the end times of the World War II, British Prime Minister Winston Churchill was quoted for saying that the Britons would not stop fighting for their country. They would fight on the hilltops, in the plains, in the valleys, in the skies, and every other front that could help them to achieve their goal. This phrase might have been taken to mean that the war was to go on, but looked from the modern perspective, it is clear that the prime minister implied that they could use any means possible to win the war. This is actually what ...

Throughout the semester, I have learned about the security, and security is one of the most important issues in the world. Many people think security means safety and peace as same as I thought, and I thought security is like a password. Nowadays, many people have a password to protect their information in the world. When we use the internet and bank service, they always require a password, and many people have different passwords each other because of protecting personal information. Of course, it is one of the security issues, but security divided by three parts. According to the “ ...

A. In the 20th Century, there have been many explanations for the causes or warfare, such that it is a biological or psychological instinct, a cultural invention, or a political and historic necessity of states acting in their own rational self-interests. Sigmund Freud theorized that the human psyche was split between Eros and Thantos, the love instinct and the death instinct, and that the latter was responsible for war and aggression. Thantos also used reason and the intellect to invent ever more expensive technologies of death and destruction, but Freud hoped that Eros and the intellect could unite to ...

Introduction

The United States was and still the most powerful military and economic force around the globe. The country’s number one position is maintained through intervention into some countries they believe unfriendly to the United States interest. However, the superpower position has not brought victory at all times. There may have some points wherein power is not always the winning side of the war. The United States may have lacked some concrete insurgency and guerilla warfare plans throughout the war in Vietnam. Way back 1973; fifty eight thousand American soldiers lost their lives during the war in Vietnam in ...

Abstract

US Special Operation Forces (SOF) are elite military units affiliated to the United States of America with the ability to conduct a wide range of land, water and air missions behind the enemy lines under the U.S. Special Operations Command (USSOCOM) commandant. Currently USSOCOM has deployed over 12000 of its 33000 special operators across the world half of whom are in Afghanistan and the remaining in 70 odd countries.
The US SOF has the following strategic roles as mandated by congress and the department of defense in the fight against the war on terror. Foreign internal defense which enables ...

The Civil War was different from any other war as it confirms evidence that it may have been the first ‘total’ and ‘modern’ war, namely in its technology and its tactics. This research paper will show that the Civil War was different from other wars prior to it; although, continuities undoubtedly existed and differences were not total; the rationale behind it’s undoubtedly position within the annotations on other wars.
One of the approaches the Civil War may be argued as different from any other war prior to it may be through the claim that, it was first ‘modern’ ...

Introduction

The First World War mirrored a technological trend toward the use of mass production procedures to the use of weapons for warfare. This development started half a century before the First World War and persisted in various conflicts in which weapons were brought to test. The Civil War was heavily influenced by new advancements in technology, especially railroads and guns. However, when the First World War began, the United States discovered itself to lack military technology.
The earlier periods of World War I symbolized a clash of the twentieth era technology with the nineteenth era combat in the form ...

The Use of Chemical Weapons in Syria

The use of chemical weapons in Syria can be traced back in the 1970s before the start of the Arab-Israeli war. According to a report done by a research service in the United States, Syria began piling their chemical weapons in 1973 after they were issued with small quantities of chemicals and deliveries by Egypt. Since early 1970s, Syria has been in the news headlines with a recent lethal chemical attack on 21st august 2013. As a result of continued use of lethal chemical weapons on citizens, protests and group activists have ardently demonstrated for a stop of chemical ...

Chapter 8, pg. 306: Stuxnet and the Changing Face of Cyberwarfare

In the past, cyber crime only dominated the domain of fiction writers. However, cyber warfare as emerged as a daunting and unique problem for every internet security expert, not only in detecting and preventing intrusions but also in tracking cyber criminals and prosecuting them. The most prominent problems include for example, American and Israel hackers used cyber warfare to interfere with the operations of Iran’s nuclear plan, by causing malfunction in one device controlling the nuclear plant. The problem will become worse for countries with advanced technologies such as the U.S., which rely on an electronic banking system ...

Abstract

Psychological Operations or PSYOP are tactics are used to convey selected propaganda and information to specific foreign audiences, especially an enemy front, to expedite the process of defeat of the enemy forces by destroying the will of the enemy to show resistance, undermining the credibility of enemy leadership, spurring civil unrest in enemy regions, persuading enemy forces to surrender, reducing the interference of civilians in military operations, opposing enemy propaganda and boosting up acceptance of friendly forces in occupied territory. The PSYOP propaganda is conveyed by a variety of mediums such as face-to-face communication, television, radio or loudspeaker, internet, ...

One of the most important factors to consider when discussing the military in early North America is that each colony had its own militia organization that theoretically was supposed to include all able-bodied white males who were generally expected to provide their own weapons. These militias were also called up in the Revolutionary War, the War of 1812, the Mexican War and the Civil War, as well as the various wars against the Native Americans. In a country that had a weak central government—and none at all during the colonial era—along with a string distrust of standing ...

Abstract

Although the methodology and technology of warfare had evolved together with human civilization, the main ideas of preparation, preemption, intelligence collection and overall awareness of enemy’s capabilities remain relevant today just as two thousand years ago. The aim of the current research is to investigate a specific issue of intelligence and surveillance, meaning the influence of the modern Revolution in Military Affairs (RMA) on the aerial surveillance. In this context, a specific issue of the Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) as means of surveillance collection is discussed in the framework of its benefits and possible challenges for the future ...

Introduction

The cold war affected the whole world in different ways. Along with political and diplomatic relations of different nations, the cold war also substantially changed the character of warfare. A majority of scholars believe that the change is apparently reflected in wars that took place after the era of cold war. This essay proposes a discussion on nature of warfare that was changed after the era of cold war.

The issue is interpreted differently by different scholars. Some believe that there are certain things in the war that are changing but there is no change as such in the ...

Introduction

War is an unavoidable part of human life. Warfare is portrayed as an important component of the human lives. War plays an important role in the lives of human beings making it inevitable in the world. War is an important aspect in human life because it brings honor and integrity to the individuals who participate in the struggles and battles while failure to participate in the war is presented as an act of cowardice and laziness and a sign of misaligned priorities in life.
The degree of participation in the war is presented as a brave and courageous people ...

Primarily we must know what we mean by unmanned vehicles, unmanned vehicles refer to all mechanic organisms capable of movement without direct human control. Although the birth of this unmanned human technology has reduced the chances of errors, the risk of human life (for the attacker) and has given wide access to attacking units it has created a negative image of these unmanned vehicles. According to an article by CNN Robotic Warfare expert Peter Singer says that although this technology has allowed the US to target an increasing number of terrorist leaders, perhaps it has also given them a ...

Wilfred Owen, the poet who poured his heart out in the lines of the war-poem, Dulce et Decorum Est, was himself a soldier who faced the harrowing experiences of war and was left with an everlasting scar on his mind. He could never get over the trauma and tragedy of warfare and his poems are among the most emphatic piece of literary works which denounce warfare and exemplify the brutalities of violence and the ultimate futility which leads to irreplaceable loss of lives and psychological strain. The poem is a first-hand account of the mental effect of war on ...

1. Adesanya, Ahmed. How to Improve Corporate Network Security. ISACA News., 15 Aug. 2011. Web. 25 Jan. 2012. <http://www.isaca.org/knowledge-center/blog/lists/posts/>
In this source, the authors have evaluated the information security risks associated with the use of mobiles and other Wi-fi devices in a corporate environment. Since, the mobile phones are a storehouse of personal data and information for its user, its security is of utmost importance. In fact, mobile phones have recently become the primary source of information security breaches in many corporate organizations.
The major strength of this source is that it provides in detail the methods through ...

Introduction

Child Soldiers Role in Warfare
Conclusion
Ways in which children soldiers have been used for warfare
Introduction
Child soldiers are extremely common in developing nations where there is political, economical, and social instability (Tiefenbrun 421). The formation of new international laws has not been able to curb child soldiering completely. Children have been used as child soldiers in the last couple of centuries. According to Rosen (1), approximately between 250,000 and 300,000 child soldiers are being used in wars around the world at any given time. In 2004, the rebels and the government of Liberia were accused ...

Abstract

With the advancement in technology, there are many ways in which technology have been applied in the military. The success of any war is dependent on the advancement of the tools and weaponry that has been applied and also dependent on the technology that has been applied. Information technology has infiltrated in the military and has been a contributing factor in the enhancement of technology that has been used. The weapons and the strategies for undertaking mass destruction are now dependent on information technology. This is evident in the way weapons of mass destruction make use of technology in ...

Synopsis: The following article consists of a brief study regarding the principles of Soviet Communism and American Capitalism. The research discusses the role of the populace with regards to the above mentioned constitutions. After giving an introduction to both, the paper will further formulate the consistency of the strategies which have been displayed in the pictures/images provided. The study begins with a briefing of ‘Political Warfare’ where the concept of ‘Totalism’ has also been added to the discussion and an understanding about its influence upon the political manipulations of a nation.

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The Savannah Campaign

According to Civil War Historian Anne J. Bailey, the Savannah Campaign was “the most destructive campaign against a civilian population during the Civil War (1861-65)” and is significant because it incorporated psychological warfare (2002). The campaign began in November of 1864 and lasted a little over a month. In this campaign, General William Sherman of the Union Army took his troops across Georgia to the Atlantic Ocean (Bailey 2002). By the time Sherman began his “March to the Sea” as the Savannah Campaign is often called, the Confederate Army of Tennessee had moved to Alabama. This left Georgia unprotected. ...

Introduction

As a hoplite, we were the Greek citizen soldiers who were basically the strongest, bravest and able-bodied adults who were middle aged. Our obligation was to do anything to protect our geographic coverage. The general types of weapons we use are spears, shields and arrows. During the Battle of Marathon which took place in 490 BC, we the Athens and Persians met under the intensive culmination of the first and only attempts from the Persians to subjugate the our land under their king who was named king Darius l (Hanson 69). Despite our minority in numbers, we decisively defeated ...

Guerrilla warfare and urban terrorism.

The period starting 1970 towards the 21st century has seen a number of attacks by organized groups against established governments in the struggle for control of resources. Terrorism is an activity that has taken publicity in the recent years. The 9/11 bombing of the world trade centre is a vivid example of terrorism activity. A closely linked version of retaliation and struggle to wield power and control is the guerrilla warfare. This model has existed for some time. It employs undercover tactics that target a rather unstable government. Looking at the operations of terrorist groups and guerrilla warfare tactics, ...

Throughout centuries of fighting, the fundamental basis of warfare remains the ideological or militaristic conflict between two opposing sides. While the means, methods and strategies of warfare have changed dramatically in the last four hundred years, governments and militaries have always needed to find a way to ensure that morale remains on their side and encourage antipathy towards their opponents. To that end, propaganda was created – the biased historical and cultural narratives created by cultures and governments to vilify their opponents and uplift their own military forces. Propaganda has survived four centuries of change through its durability and malleability ...

Persian Gulf War

The Arab Gulf Region has been through two historically devastating wars: one was the prolonged conflict in 1980s between Iran and Iraq, and the other that followed was the war that started when the President of Iraq took the world by surprise and ordered the invasion of Kuwait. More than twenty years have passed since the official proclamation of the end of the Gulf War, but some would say that war continues to affect us every day. Nora Eisenberg recounted what the Executive Director of Gulf War veterans said, that the war not only lingers in the body of ...

About Cyber Law

The term cyber law is not a new one, and almost everyone related to the web world and cyberspace are well aware of the law. Cyber law relates to the use of communication technology and how it is used in the cyberspace. As it is a junction of many legal fields, it still carries a lesser distinct field of law. There are aspects like freedom of expression, property, privacy and jurisdiction that come ingot play behind the law meant for the cyber world. The scenario here is much different as compared to the laws applicable to the physical world. ...

War remains one of the challenges facing the world today. Eruption of war is not a new phenomenon because it has existed for many years and continues affecting regional integration, economic, political, and social development, worldwide. Since ancient times, communities have fought against each other because of resources such as land, water, and minerals, territorial boarders and search for political power and authority. In certain situations, leaders from conflicting communities employed conflict management strategies such as peace-talks and dialogue so that to restore peace in the region. This move fuelled enmity and conflict among the communities thus culminating to ...

Introduction

Insurgence is defined as the armed rebellion towards a constituted authority. The people who practice insurgence use terrorism while others use the guerrilla warfare as an instrument to fight. There have been some cases where some countries such as Philippines that practised insurgence which was not violent. There are different types of insurgence that is practiced by different countries especially when there is violence. The main purpose for the insurgence is in countries that have problems in religion, ethnic, political and economic. The other instances are when a particular group or people in a country are dissatisfied with the ...

[University Affiliation]

Abstract

Military use of unmanned drones has increased in the war against terrorism. Just recently after the marathon bombing a drone was used to attack and kill a local al-Qaeda leader in the Arabian Peninsula. Drones are being used in many forms to include spying, tracking and killing. This case study will present data about using drones in violent conflicts or threats and the ethical dilemmas of doing so. Should the government be allowed to use these forms of technology without restrain or specific governing laws? These are question for you to explore and decide if using drones ...

In the last hundred years, the course of human civilization has taken a number of dramatic turns; we have gone from a relatively equitable and imperial pre-industrial society to a very one-sided, technologically advanced and globalized place. Colonialism has been dramatically reduced, technology has advanced by leaps and bounds as a result of World War II and the arms race, and more. Racial and ethnic conflicts have begun to come to a head, either being resolved or advanced greatly (the Civil Rights movement) or perpetuated beyond measure (the Israeli-Palestine conflict). Toward that end, it is important to consider how ...

1. Discuss the cultural connections and parallels between Classical Greece and the Hellenistic world and the Roman Empire in terms of art, literature, religion and philosophy.
The Eastern Roman Empire (later the Byzantine Empire), was Greek-speaking and Hellenistic in culture, and contained two-thirds of the population and some of the largest cities like Alexandria, Constantinople and Antioch. Poltically, culturally and economically, it was the most important part of the Empire and survived until 1453, for nearly 1,000 years after the fall of the West. In pagan times before the 4th Century AD, all of the Roman gods were ...

History

United States Military Strategy and Policy
1. Describe Washington’s strategy in the American Revolution.

George Washington wore the British and their Hessian mercenaries down small battle by small battle with his Strategy of Attrition. There were practical reasons for using this strategy. The Continental Army had 220,000 but only about half of those soldiers had militia training while on the other hand the British had 162,000 well trained British troops and German mercenaries. The odds against the American revolutionaries were frightening because the New England soldiers were not an army yet when Washington arrived in Boston ...

The Crimean war which apparently began over a trivial control of the Orthodox Christians of the holy cities of Jerusalem and Nazareth was actually the culmination of a long power struggle in Europe. The aggressive expansionism of Russia coupled with its pledge to rule over the Ottoman Empire in order to gain control of the route to Asia and the consequent British fear of losing its business trades to Asia and to check Russian expansionism resulted in eruption of the Crimean war. Ultimately, the Russians had to meekly surrender to the Allied forces of Britain, France, Turkey and a neutral attitude of Austria. The war was also famous for the “Charge of the Light Brigade” and Florence Nightingale. A precursor to the modern warfare was seen for the first time during the Crimean war. ...

and in the Actions of the Prophet Muhammad
1. Summarize the central themes, theses, issues, or arguments of the reading assignment.

In the chapter Peace and Military Engagement in the Qur’an and in the Actions of

the Prophet Muhammad, Ozalp (2008) explored the Qur’an’s verses that pertained to violence and warfare and provided analyses of what these verses meant. He argued that the Prophet Muhammad “practised a deliberate strategy of peace and diplomacy to deal with the conflicts of his time” (Ozalp, 2008, p. 111), which he supported by discussing the general characteristics of Islam as portrayed in the Qur’an; the types of military engagement that is allowed by the Qur’ ...

According to the chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN) classification of hazards, each of the individual types of agents can result in various types of injuries at different periods depending on the time they have been released (CBRNE Task Force Statement, 2008). Both chemical and biological agents result in injuries that fundamentally affect human beings via internal cellular pathways (CBRNE Task Force Statement, 2008). Unlike biological agents, which are transmitted through infection, chemical agents do not have any infectious attributes (CBRNE Task Force Statement, 2008). However, usually, the consequences of noxious chemical agents, especially pulmonary toxins such as nerve ...

The Turkish independence war led to the birth of the Republic of Turkey. The post-colonial government was expected to be a bastion of freedom and civil liberties. The Ottoman Empire had been defeated in the First World War, and the Sultanate abolished. The Turkish people formed the Turkish National Movement to wage war against the allied nations to grant independence to Turkey. A nationalistic government was formed in 1923 after the Treaty of Lausanne, which led to the establishment of the Turkish Republic. After independence, the government was considered to be despotic in relation to the human rights. The ...

This paper is based on bringing out the quality that makes the sports, warfare activity but in a peaceful manner. The assertion is evaluated taking into consideration the goals projected by competitors for their own benefits and to the groups and where they are affiliated to. As a soft power form of peace invocation, sport can be a break into a moment of normality even within periods of conflict that may be in existence between national and ethnic national communities. Sport is also a form of public diplomacy and a social intervention in matters that may be difficult in ...

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[Submission Date]

Leadership can be defined as the distinctive style of an individual through which he influences other people so that they can achieve something (a goal, target, aim etc.). Leaders are able to influence others by showing special qualities like morality, values, ethical principles, knowledge, skill and character. In this paper, the views of two great philosophers, Lao-Tzu and Machiavelli, will be discussed regarding the leadership required during war times. Lao-Tzu was a renowned Chinese philosopher whereas Machiavelli was an exceptional Italian writer and statesman. Both these famous personalities have presented great ideas in about running a ...

The Changing Nature of War

The leading theorist on warfare, Clausewitz, once stated that the nature of war is never altered; only the character that distinguishes it can be. Before this statement is discussed in the current context, it is imperative to state what Clausewitz meant with the two phrases. First, the nature of war refers to the four fundamental ingredients that make all wars the same; a contest of wills between parties, the human factor, the political dimension and the uncertainty that it brings (Antulio, 2013). Conversely, the character of a war simply means the mans that a war has to be or ...

Conflict and war have over millennia, shaped human civilization. While armed conflict has a role in ensuring peace and stability, its power to achieve this purpose has been heavily undermined by the proliferation of military technology/weapons (Lyons 74). It is, therefore, imperative to re-invent the role of war in the modern world if the world has to move away from the ever-growing costs of war. It has become an inescapable and inalienable part of the human condition. War, which describes organized and lasting armed conflict by state and non-state parties, characterized by extreme destruction of property, violence and death. ...

Abstract

The paper deals with Japanese samurai warriors and the cultural peculiarities of this highly decorated social and military elite. Customs, religious practices, different codes of conduct, material culture, such as clothing and weaponry, food, and drinks are among the main subjects highlighted in the paper. The project is based on the opinions and knowledge shared by prominent subject-field scientists and journalists.
Keywords: culture, Japanese, samurai, code, weapon, elite, warrior
All world societies, whether civilized or not, have always had a distinctive social group of nobility or a ruling caste in charge of administrative, cultural, economic and political affairs, with ...

Nation-States

A nation-state is also known as a country. It is crucial to note that that the term state, nation, and country are used interchangeably but technically have different meaning. A nation is used to refer to a group of people of a given ethnicity despite not owning a country. This means that a nation referred to a given cultural identity of a group of people (Hansen, 2012, p.25). A state can be classified as a form of political authority that is part of a country and constitutes a given political authority. Thus, the term nation-state is functional because it ...

Introduction

The Philippine-American war was the conflict between the Filipino revolutionaries and the United States between 1899 and 1902, which started when the latter acquired the Philippines from Spain as the result of Spanish-American war. The Filipino revolutionaries made an extensive effort to achieve the First Philippine Republic’s independence from the United States during that period. This war was just a continuation of the Philippine revolution that aims to accomplish absolute independence, which started in 1896. We argue that both sides used their own tactics to win the war in which the Filipino revolutionaries and American soldiers both did ...

1.0 The role and leadership traits of Public Information Officer
In the present scenario, the public information officer is charged with the responsibility to advise the president on the public communication and the expected outcome on the communication. In the advent of the impending bioterrorist attack, the public information officer has to study the recorded video tape and advice the group on whether, how and when to communicate the information therein to the citizen. The aim of such communication would be to seek the citizen’s cooperation in the government’s plan and to prevent mass panic that would ...

The article titled, Sun Tzu’s war theory in the twenty first century by Li-Sheng Arthur Kuo, seeks to extrapolate the theories that are instrumental in shaping up the policy of leading nations against terrorism. He makes a strong case for the application of 21st century strategic environment in modern warfare. According to Li-Sheng, it is on the basis of these theories that contemporary values can be instrumental in ensuring battle avoidance. The article categorically interrogates the volatile environment under which the American government operates in the international arena. He argues a case for adoption of a new approach ...

No civilization in history can claim to have had a more powerful, resilient and disciplined army than the Romans; few have had a force so pointedly fashioned as a tool of statecraft and imperial expansion. The ingeniously imitative Romans borrowed the most effective elements of Greek/Macedonian warfare, adding their own innovations and relying upon the almost superhuman endurance of the Roman foot soldier to create the greatest empire in history. The peerless Roman soldier made a navy seem superfluous and, most of all, un-Roman. Nonetheless, in typically inventive Roman fashion, and in the interest of safeguarding commerce and protecting ...

Most people are never going to have the experience of serving as heads of state, and will therefore never have to give much thought to armies, police forces, spies, fortifications and other matters like that to which Machiavelli devotes so much attention. He has gone down in history as a cynical and amoral man who admired cruel tyrants like Cesare Borgia, and argued that most human beings were motived only by fear and self-interest rather than love, goodness or morality. Machiavelli would simply have countered that he was being a realist about the world of warfare, politics and diplomacy, ...

4th December

Does religion causes war
A religion war can be defined as a war that is caused by or justified by differences in religion. In such a case it can involve a state with a religion that is established against another state that has a different religion or also a different sect located in the same religion or even religiously motivated people that are attempting to spread their faiths by violence or by suppressing another group. Most people are very passionate especially when it comes to their religious beliefs. It is therefore not astonishing to realize that a few well ...

War as Human Nature

Any individual, who had paid even a little attention to human history, would acknowledge one specific tendency in its development – most of the time humanity spent in preparing to wars, fighting them and recovering from their consequences. Peace times were not even one third of the time of human existence. In this context, the topic of warfare and human beings was the oldest topic of all poetic and verse narrations. For ages, writer and poets were discussing cruelty, nobleness, heroism and destructions of war. They would pay attention to destinies of individuals in warfare, or consequences for society, or ...