Essays on League of Nations

World Affairs: The United Nations

Introduction The United Nations (UN) was established as an international organization on 24 October 1945 having several functions. The UN operations and membership are both extended worldwide. UN headquarters is in New York City and has other regional offices in Geneva, Vienna, and Nairobi. Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian, and Spanish are the official languages of the member countries. The UN's predecessor was the League of Nations that kept peace and cooperation between the nations of the world. The organization gets its finance from member states voluntary contributions, and it has six fundamental bodies. The General Assembly as the ...

Throughout the course of modern history, numerous events have revolved around the Middle East, affecting the cultural perspectives of the people living there. For instance, the Russian invasion of Afghanistan and the subsequent political maneuvering by Western/Arab nations spawned decades of bloodshed in the region, destroying both an entire generation of people and the viability of a nation. The creation of Israel in 1948 created a massive power shift in the region, as the Arab nations attempted to retake the territory but were soundly defeated, and again in 1967. The Second World War engulfed the North African Muslim countries, ...

According to the “Comments of the German Delegation to the Paris Peace Conference on the Conditions of Peace”, they argued that a number of provisions would damage Germany’s economy. For example, the authors argued that Germany’s enemies were being allowed by the newly-formed League of Nations to determine the amount of monetary reparations that Germany would pay them. In addition, Germany was expected to let its enemies have access to its natural resources, such as rivers, canals, and even other man-made resources such as railroads. Moreover, the authors pointed out that their former relations with older countries ...

Human trafficking is defined as the action of moving an individual or individuals from one geographical area to another without their consent. It need not be across boarders asbelieved by a large percentage of individuals but it can be within the same country (trans-nationally). People are in most instances trafficked due to various reasons but in most instances, they are trafficked in order to be forced into hard labor, be forced into commercial sex workers and at times they may be trafficked in order for their organs to be extracted or further be used as surrogates in their new ‘ ...

This paper represents an examination of the events and history surrounding the issuance of the Balfour Declaration in 1917. The history revolves around the key relationship that was to develop between the Zionist movement, its representatives, and the British government during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The Balfour Declaration was a document that served both British colonial diplomatic policy, and Zionist political and settlement goals. This declaration and its inclusion into the League of Nations Palestine Mandate of 1922 laid the groundwork for the emergence of the state of Israel in 1948.(The Balfour Declaration, coupled with years ...

Understanding the intrigues of an international system is as complex as understanding the factors that have influenced its evolution over time. However, it is clear that the international system underwent its most profound changes in the periods of the First and Second World Wars. The stack difference in international relations between the post war period and before the war can only be illustrated by having a detailed overview of the situation after the First World War; which set the stage for the Second World War, and the ensuing international system afterwards. In fact, it would not be an overstatement ...

Colonization is the process whereby one powerful country invades and takes control of another foreign territory. The occupying country, then subjects the inhabitants of the captured territory and places them under its dominion. They can as well get treated as slaves working under very tough conditions with limited or no pay at all. The colonizers on the other hand freely utilize and extract resources with no restriction.

The German empire

In the late 19th century Germany was a growing industrial and economic power. By that time, they had made massive gains in their processing and manufacturing industries. As a result, the country’ ...

2.11 Modern imperialism and economic globalization Economic globalization refers to increased instances of integration and interdependence among various national economies of the world. While the phenomenon has grown over the years as a result of deliberate government actions such as trade deals, the idea has its origins in the era of colonization by the world powers from the beginning of the sixteenth to the twentieth centuries. The effects of imperialism on the global economy continue to be felt until today. It is therefore important to have some background on imperialism. Imperialism was initially a project of a few European ...

The Treaty of Versailles was an agreement between the Allies and Germany for a peace settlement at the end of the World War I. The Germany government had no choice but to accept the Treaty presented to it. According to the authors of Germany’s complaint, the treaty had many effects on the economy of Germany. For example, it was indicated in the treaty that Germany would pay a huge sum of money as compensation to the Allies. That in itself was a challenge because the country had suffered a lot economically during the war. For that reason, it ...

We often hear only negative things about the actions or failures of the United Nations. It is slow bureaucratic machinery, it did not manage to prevent the war in Iraq, the veto power is unjust, and peacekeepers cannot defend the civilian population of Rwanda or Darfur. But the goals of the Organization are universal and permanent since 1945 which means that the United Nations pursued to fulfill them throughout all its existence. In the following arguments we will figure out why the Organization has been doing it for over 70 years and whether the result is positive. (Eichelberger, 2012) ...

The Europeans played a major role in the creation of order in the disorderly world, especially during the age of war. The European societies as well as the states sought to establish order in the twentieth century after many of the societies in the world were disturbed and weakened by the warfare, conflicts, revolutions, and global epidemics that defined this period. The influence of the Europeans on the international society was essential and extensive throughout the period. The role of the Europeans was pronounced in the theoretical ideologies, the political ideologies, and the technological approaches that enabled the creation ...

Abstract

World War I was one of the worst modern warfare with regards to the amount of destruction it caused. Its impact was based on the use of advanced weapons able to cause massive damage, the involvement of a huge population in the war, huge investments, economic sabotage, and barbarity. Nevertheless, it helped to end the war, allow for negotiations, solve border conflicts, and establish the League of Nations to manage global peace. However, it failed to achieve permanent agreements and left different countries dissatisfied and ready to revenge on their adversaries. There was also antagonism between the negotiators due to ...

World War 2

This World War 2 is mostly known in another name as the Second World War. This was a global war that was fought between the years 1939 to 1945 and involved almost the entire world (the vast majority nations of the world) as well as all of the great powers forming the two conflicting military alliances: the Axis and the Allies. This period was the darkest, largest and most violent armed conflict in the history of the mankind where hundred of millions suffered from wounds and injuries.

Many reasons have been suggested by historians as the causes of Second ...

Realist theory arose by way of reaction to the shortcomings of utopian philosophy and the utopianism underlying the post-World War I peace-building process. What is the realist critique of utopianism in relation to the League of Nations? Do you agree or disagree? Why?

Woodrow Wilson was the most prominent advocate of the utopian approach underlying the post-World War I peace-building process. His concept of international world order was based on two important prerequisites: first, he envisaged a new world order governed by an international framework of “collective security” (Carr, p. 8) between nations which he considered essential for the ...

Let’s say that your local homeowner’s association put in a new rule mandating that everyone in the community use the same color of paint for their fences. You’ve long enjoyed that dark brown on your fence – almost black, in fact. However, the color that the association chose is more of a rich cordovan. As more and more of your neighbors comply with the new rules, you start to get some notices from the association that you are no longer in compliance. To be fair, you didn’t vote for the uniform color, and you don’t think that ...

World War II is up to today considered the largest and the worst war to ever happen in history. It started in 1939 from Europe and ended in 1945, spreading to almost all parts of the world and leaving about 70 million people dead. The figure included men, women, soldiers, children and civilians who died mainly due to illnesses, starvation and bomb attacks. The WW2 involved two opposing military alliances, the Axis and the Allies, formed from great nations that participated in the war. Axis was the alliance between Germany, Japan and Italy where as Allies alliance was between ...

Introduction

After the end of World War One, countries decided to come together, and this led to the creation of the League of Nations. Among the leaders who called for its formation was the American President Woodrow Wilson who believed such a body would bring peace to the world. It was headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland, and was given the mandate of resolving international disputes that might arise between member countries. The main function of this organization was to avoid a recurrence of the disturbing war that had just been witnessed. It was to ensure universal peace within the basis of the fundamental ...

In her article, “‘On the Side of Justice and Peace’: Canada on the League of Nations Council 1927-1930”, Linda Lloyd narrates a page of history, referring to the ascension of Canada on the scene of international politics. The author follows Canada’s endeavor of becoming a constitutive part of the League of Nations Council, deciding upon international social and political aspects, alongside world powers such as England and France, plus other independent states, such as Japan, Germany and Italy. Canada’s intention to participate in the election for the non-permanent seat available in the Council was a difficult and sensitive decision, ...

History

America in the Great War The start of World War I (WWI) is most often marked by the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand by a Serbian Black Hand anarchist. The Archduke was to have been the heir to the Austro-Hungarian Empire. In fact, the circumstances that led to the war began many years before, due to forces of nationalism, imperialism, and militarism within the countries that would become involved. Schuman (1953, p.283) explains how throughout history nationalism grew from conflicts and wars against “alien groups.” Alien groups are groups of people ‘different’ from the majority population. The key to ...

The argument presented in the “Petition to the president of the United States” is quite successfully crafted and factual. Given the extensive destructive nature and long-term effects of atomic bombs, the president should have practiced extreme restraint in authorizing the usage of atomic bombs. Why would someone use a weapon whose radiation effects are bound to genetically affect successive generations of any survivors? What authority would someone have as to deliberately taint the genes of an entire generation? It is plain inhumane to use atomic bombs on any animal or plant let alone a human being. Scores should always be settled ...

- Introduction Diplomacy, in the modern world, is the practice of countries dealing amicably with each other. It is the process by which countries conduct negotiations and come to agreements; during these talks, individuals often act on behalf of the state. There are a number of desires that shape the movement of diplomacy agreements, but Schroeder suggests that it is the mechanism of shared ambition - which acts like an invisible hand to make alliances and international relationships work. Imbalances of power are bad for peace. In today’s world, diplomacy is the conduction of international relations by heads ...

Introduction

The Palestinian-Israeli conflict has been among most notable longstanding conflicts in world history, mainly because its controversy centers on the sovereignty over the land known as Palestine but currently occupied, in large part, by the Jewish people as Israel. Both sides have proved uncompromising – Palestinian Arabs, whose population include Muslims and non-Muslims (Christians and Judaists), claim that Palestine has been their homeland for so many years, while Jews support their claim for the establishment of Israel over Palestinian lands on account that such form what they call the Promised Land. With no solution currently in sight, both Palestinians and ...

Introduction

The First World War or the Great War was a remarkable event in the history of the humanity. It influenced and shaped our modern world to an extent like none else, and the reflections of today’s development traces its route back to the decisions taken during and post-World War I. No one had any idea about the huge armies that would be involved, the amount of ammunition that will be expended, and how many people would die. However, the role of Canada in the war is noteworthy, considering the fact that the nation decided to stand by the Britain’ ...

World War one left a completely battered and bitter world filled with cynicism due to a number of reasons. These reasons have a competence of ongoing issues with the modern world and can be seen as an act of violence that is condemned internationally, even by states who sponsored it and by states that weren’t even involved at all. The World War one, as we know it, gave way to a whole new era of cynicism because there was way too much distrust among people of different races and cultures. No one could actually look at one another without realizing that ...

After the ending most widespread war in the history of mankind - the Second World War, the world entered into the New World Order. With the last shot of this war the European colonial period ended, and began new era –era of the two rival superpowers. Almost immediately after the ending of the war “Iron Curtain” has crossed the continent but not only the continent across the entire world. So let’s analyze to what consequences WWII led and how it impact on positions of all major players in the world. The first major consequence of the Second World ...

Thesis: Increased American vigour in relation to foreign affairs was informed by some factors such as the World Wars

The United States of America has seen evolved and changed its foreign affairs and policies from the year 1865 to the present day and age. There are events and development sin the world that made it necessary for the US to adapt and revitalize its foreign affairs policies over time. This evolution saw the US rise from the isolationist or non-interference country to a hands-on super power. For the purpose of this essay, I will discuss some of the major events and developments that have landmarked the United States of America foreign policy. In principle, the changes in tone, action ...

The Hussein McMahon Correspondence were letters which were used in communication between Sir Henry McMahon who was the British high commissioner in Egypt and Husain ibn ‘Ali who was the Emir of Mecca.The letter were sent during World War 1 which was between 1915-1916.The Arabs wanted the British to grant them their independence in exchange to opposition to the Ottoman Empire. In 1915, Hussein sent the first letter to Sir Henry McMahon which gave the conditions that the Arabs wanted fulfilled for them to participate in the war against the Turks.Palistine was not considered in the letters, and therefore ...

The 9/11 terrorist attacks in New York in 2001 had ramifications that reverberated across the United States. The government structure of United States was not left untouched as a result of the attacks that sent shocking waves to millions of American within and without America. Because of the humongous effect the attack had on the image of the United States, it was common knowledge that restructuring the internal security system of the country was a priority and that preemptive actions would be taken to avoid such an attack to happen again. Given the urgency of the need to improve the internal ...

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The Cold War: Its Origin and Effects

The Cold War that dates from 1947 to 1991 refers to the relationship that existed between the United States of America (USA) and the Soviet Union (also known as the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR)) after the World War 2. It began after the two had a short-lived wartime alliance against the Nazi Germany, which left the USA and Soviet Union as two superpowers with distinct political and economic differences. An English author and journalist George Orwell coined the name “Cold War” in his essay, “You and the Atomic Bomb” published in the British newspaper Tribune on ...

(Insert Institute) The World War 1, also known as the First World War or the Great War, began in Europe and lasted between 1914 and 1918. As the war began, the world’s super powers had formed alliances to take part in the war. When Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia on July 28 1914, Great Britain, France, Russia, and Germany soon joined the previously small conflict. More countries later joined the war with each finding basis on different reasons. In his book “The Origins of the First World War,” Martel (2006) attributes the countries’ participation to the preceding ...

Introduction:

The First World War that was fought in the beginning of twentieth century was one of its own kind. A warfare that the mankind had rarely seen before which entangled nations from all parts of the world and multiple continents. The war was not just a result of single factor or merely two nations jumping into the war and unleashing war upon others, instead the war had a multifaceted background. The roots of war was fixed in military expansions, nationalistic movements, imperial pursuits, religious affiliations and inclinations, nay all the factors that could be used for the self benefits and ...

The vision of a united world has always been a dream to many, especially in the times of the two Great Wars. Peace, collective security and equal development for all had been the key objectives of world leaders in the establishment of an international organization that would embody these ideals. Each nation had attempted to make their own interpretation of this goal with several known regional organizations, but what had been the crowning glory was the creation of the United Nations after the Second World War. Since its establishment, the world had clear hopes with the UN as the body that ...

Introduction

World War II began in the year 1939 lasting for six years in the battle field and came to an end in the year 1945. The world war was considered as the most contested war involving the major powers of the world. The major powers divided into two; the allies and the axis or the triple alliances and the triple entente. The major powers broke into war in a show to proof each country’s superiority. The way caused thousands of deaths of the military and civilians as well as destroying property costing the economic development of the world.

Alfred von Schlieffen

Alfred ...

Introduction

The Second World War started on 3rd September1939 when France and Britain declared war on the Adolf Hitler led Germany. Most people consider Hitler as the main cause of the World War II. In addition, there were several other factors and causes that led to this war. My argument therefore is that although Hitler played a very humongous role in triggering the Second World War, there are however other causes of this war. In this essay, I will bring into light these causes; explain their relationships and their overall effects. Formulated to officially end the First World War, the ...

Today, the United Nations is an organization in a period of transition. It was an organization born from fear of the future, with lofty goals and soaring aspirations. However, from the beginning, the United Nations faced many logistical problems with fulfilling its goals and central philosophies. The United Nations (UN) was designed to replace the League of Nations, the international organizational body that was formed in the post-World-War-I era (Annan, 2000). After the League of Nations failed to stop World War II, the organization was dissolved in 1945 and the United Nations was formed (Annan, 2000). The founding philosophy ...

Palestine was a province of the Ottoman Empire until it was conquered by the British in 1917, but its final status was not determined until it became a League of Nations mandate in 1922, remaining under British administration until 1948. Point 12 of Woodrow Wilson’s Fourteen Points concerned both the Turkish areas of the former Ottoman Empire as well as the other nationalities that had been under Turkish rule, which were promised “an undoubted security of life and an absolutely unmolested opportunity of autonomous development” (Wilson 1918). Point 5 was somewhat more vague, calling only for and “adjustment of colonial ...

THE SECOND WORLD WAR

World War II was an international conflict that began in 1939 and was put to an end in 1945. The conflict began in Europe but other countries in Asia, Latin America, North America and Africa joined the war later on the side of the axis powers (Germany, Bulgaria, Hungary, Italy, Romania and Japan) and the allied powers (Britain, France, USSR, Brazil, Canada, china, Norway etc). The main cause of the Second World War was the dissatisfaction by the effect of the World War I because Germany carried the greatest responsibility and loss. A apart from the fines that were ...

The Israeli-Palestine conflict is one that is incredibly complex and borne of sophisticated and difficult-to-resolve religious, political and cultural differences in the Middle East. The area has been subject to substantial examples of violence, imperialism, and religious extremism to the level where the conflict has escalated to near-unsolvable levels. However, the history of the divisions that take place in the West Bank and adjacent areas must be understood and explored, in order to solidify our perceptions of how the conflict was created. Here, the Balfour Declaration, Henry McMahon's Letter to Ali ibn Husain, and the British Mandate for Palestine ...

Many reasons have been suggested by historians as the causes of Second World War. However, it is evident that World war two served as the peak of the interwar period. The main causes which led to World War II include;

Versailles Treaty

This treaty was signed in Paris, France in 1919 when the victorious countries had a meeting to confer about peace settlement and how the Germans will be made to compensate other countries against world war one damages. The meeting was dominated by US president, Woodrow Wilson, Britain Prime Minister, David Lloyd George and Georges Clemenceau of France (Overy 38). However, ...

The United Nations was formed after the failure of the League of Nations to

prevent another world war and after World War Two. The failure of the League of

Nations was often blamed upon the lack of membership and participation of the United

States. Its lasted twenty-five years, and even though it was begun with best intentions, it

failed because major members were breaking League rules and nothing was done about it.

The United States has been in the United Nations from its inception and it has flourished

well, despite setbacks, criticism, wars and military conflicts. However, it is time for us to

back off and let the United Nations survive on its ...

What is Pan-Arabism? In what ways has Pan-Arabism expressed itself in the Middle East? Why has Pan-Arabism failed to produce Arab Unity?

The term Pan-Arabism refers to the concept of the al-Umma al-‘Arabiyya or the Arab nation. The term was first conceptualized in the late 19th century when the call for Arab Unity was requested upon the establishment of several secret societies in Lebanon and Syria, urging the revolt against Turkish rule of the Arab region. It was constantly expressed by Arab nationalist in several periods such as in the First World War, wherein various Arab nationalist groups demanded the creation of an independent Arab nation once they revolt against the Ottoman rule; the West’s approval of the Zionist ...

Discussion question1

The world health organization and the center for disease control The world health organization (WHO) is the agency of the United Nations (UN) whose function is to coordinate health issues at the international level. The agency was founded on the 7th of April 1948 with its headquarters located in Geneva Switzerland (Lee 2008). The agency received the responsibilities and resources of the defunct Health Organization, a League of Nations agency which was also a predecessor of the UN. The constitution of the WHO was officially implemented on the 7th April 1948 which marked the first world health day. All ...

The events before World War II

Several events happened after World War 1. The League of Nations was established after the World War 1 to maintain peace. It however failed since it was not able to resolve the economic crisis of Depression. It was also unable to prevent the Second World War. The League of Nations also had few countries. Germany was not allowed to join because it caused World War 1. Britain and France refused Russia to join due to fear of Communism. The Treaty of Versailles blamed Germany for causing World War 1. It was made to pay high financial reparations crippling the ...