Essays on Geological

Introduction

Hydraulic fracking, also referred to as hydraulic fracturing is one among the procedures that have prominently been associated with negative impacts both on the economy and the environment. While different stakeholders perceive the effects differently, we are going to focus on the effects of the extractive procedure with regard to the environment. Speaking of the environment, water, air and human health are given prominence (Capitol.Net, Inc, 2010). While the effects of hydraulic fracturing have been the topic of main political concerns in most countries across the world today, people do not fully comprehend what the procedure entails. For ...

Overview

Chengdu is one of China’s largest cities. In people’s perception, it is favorable and in 2006 China Daily named it the 4th-most livable city in the country. It is also one of the oldest cities in the world, founded 2,000 years ago. Most recently it was in the national spotlight for earthquakes, which led to thousands in the city and surrounding area to lose their lives or homes. The major religion of the area is Buddhism and Daoism.

Geography

Chengdu is one of China’s most important cities. It is located on a large plain area that varies ...

Abstract

Carbon Capture and Storage Technologies (CCS) is a technological method that is used to reduce the emission of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere from a variety of sources including industries and fossil fuels production and power sources. This type of technology involves the capture of dioxide either after burning or before burning and then transporting via ships or pipelines and then directing it into the deep underground for storage purposes. This type of technology has been in existence since the 1970’s and has rapidly evolved over time. In fact, the increased impact of the greenhouse effect due to increased amounts ...

- RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY

3.1 PHILOSOPHY As already mentioned, the aim of the present research is to evaluate whether or not Europe can exploit its shale gas resources by adopting the positive experience and avoiding the negative mistakes the United States has had in its shale gas exploitation journey. In order for this aim to be addressed the dissertation evolves towards a literature-based approach. More specifically, the present dissertation is entirely theoretical and is based on the existent literature in respect to shale gas exploitation in the United States, and to the potential shale gas extraction ...

Introduction

This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of a microwave oven. The various section of the analysis will include the related work, the analysis part and result analysis. Also, the paper will cover the discussion part where various issues will be raised in concern to the results of the analysis. From the discussion, an alternative analysis design will be suggested in the quest to address the various raised issues.

A microwave oven is a device electronically made to provide heating effect. The heating aspect is provided by circuit regulation enabled through electromagnetic radiation. The radiation mainly occurs in the spectrum ...

Engineering

1.0 Dependence of Relative Permeability on Petrophysical Properties

Carbon dioxide (CO2) entering the atmosphere from sources such as power plants, oil exploratory and production sites and traffic pollution from fossil fuel-burning vehicles. CO2 exists in high concentrations in the atmosphere which increases the impact of the greenhouse gas phenomena which makes the global warming problem worse. The relative permeability of soils is linked to finding a solution for removing large concentrations of CO2 by sequestering CO2 in appropriate geological formations. Data from a study by Bennion and Bachu (2005) is available online at the Relative Permeability Explorer. The Explorer is ...

There just is not enough fresh water in the United States to sustain the current usage rates indefinitely. In America, as in the rest of the World, water reserves are facing a triple threat from a combination of human consumption, agricultural needs and industrial demands that stress our current reserves. Complications from climate change may further intensify these problems. As glaciers melt, they contribute to rising sea levels; they also are a fresh water reserve that is fast dwindling. Although Global measures are being set in place to combat and mitigate the effects of climate change the most effective advances in consumption ...

Visit the Virtual Caves website: http://www.goodearthgraphics.com/virtcave/index.html. Briefly describe and provide an example of Solutional caves, Sea caves, Erosional caves, and Lava tube caves. Solutional Caves: Solutional caves are formed by chemical reaction between the groundwater and the rock bedrock consisting of limestone. Ground water contains dissolved carbon dioxide which is a weak solution of carbonic acid and is capable of dissolving the rock slowly. This makes the passage of water wider and takes the shape of the cave. The most common example of solutional caves is flowstone. Flowstone is mostly composed of calcite and becomes rounder as it tends ...

Introduction

Security of people in the United States remains one of the top priorities of President Barack Obama’s government. It is thus therefore not unusual to find the United States in conflict with nations which tend to threaten world peace. The Iranian and Syrian conflicts are some of the latest examples of this situation. This is because the two nations are suspected to be in possession of nuclear plants which pose a threat to the safety of many people around the world.

Stakeholders in the Nuclear Energy Sector

The major stakeholders in the nuclear community comprise of national regulatory authorities, industrialists, and environmentalists. Other stakeholders include ...

The Origin of Old-Earth Geology and its Ramifications for Life in the 21st Century The author of this article explains the geological phenomenon regarding the debates in terms of the development and creation, coupled with the social, spiritual and moral consequences of the debates. As such, Mortenson provides information on the current theories regarding the new theories about the history of creation. The article further explains the contention of the scriptural geologists, the nature of the 19th Century debate, and the relevance of such debates in the contemporary society. Strengths The information given by the author regarding the historical ...

AMBIGUITY AND INTERPRETATION

This project is about reservoir characterization study, which based on a reservoir modeling technique and predicts the liquid demeanor in the reservoir. The model is produced applying data from all geographic expedition and growth origins through particularly the output data and liquified chemical science. This information is acquired through observation of 3D seismic study. While all information is diagrammed in 3D model of reservoir substances is produced which is then utilized to assist pick the most suitable and efficient organic compound convalescence technique.

Reservoir Characterization is very necessary to advance understanding to optimize and gauge reservoir’s performance and its ...

The validity of the ancient testimonia as regards the origins of the Oracle of Apollo still remains controversial. To test the validity of the tesmonia, a research has to be conducted on the evidence for geological faults and gas emissions at the sanctuary of Delphi. Modern doubts as to the availability of chasm and vapor at Delphi are rooted from unsuccessful archaeologists. Surveys at Delphi have continuously indicated the presence of the two; hence Dr. Jelle de Boer and John Hale are to investigate the presence of geological faults and gas emissions so as to test the soundness of the ...

Geology is science that is concerned with the study of solid Earth, rocks and the process of metamorphosis of such rocks. Through geology one gets to understand the history of rocks, plate tectonics as well as evolutionary history of life. Such knowledge is very crucial in today’s life because it helps in exploration of minerals and exploiting the water resources.

Geology course therefore covers issues to don with Earth surface, its history, the foundation of the Earth (rocks) and metamorphosis of rocks changes over time. The course involves a series of lectures accompanied by class presentations, and field trip ...

This paper presents an overview of the North Sea area. In addition, it provides a history of the exploration of the area, petroleum occurrence and location of the North Sea. Consequently, it provides a description of the Stratigraphy of the southern Northern Sea, Central North Sea and the Northern North Sea. A brief description of the tectonic history of the area is provided taking note of the four major tectonic events that occurred. These were the Caledonian collision, rifting and basin formation as identified in the Carboniferous, Mesozoic rifting and graben formation and the inversion.

Province Geology (North Sea)

Introduction

Discovery of gas in the ...

The North Sea Petroleum Province is made up of Northern and Central North Sea. This is the greatest oil producing region in the world. It has been, for the last 30 years, playing a major role as Britain’s resource base and a contributor to the country’s wealth. This region also touches Norway and the Shetland Islands which are part of the Northern arms of the Late Jurassic system. This report gives an account of much of what is already known about Petroleum geology, Palaeogeography and tectonostratigraphic development of the Upper Jurassic, Middle Jurassic and the Lower Cretaceous rocks in ...

Abstract

Geology has evolved into a very imperative discipline of science. Humankind's dependability on geology is clearly reflected by the changing attitudes towards the same. The following article provides a glimpse of the changing mindsets and beliefs regarding Geology, and how the science itself is not seen merely as a subject but as a strong platform to discover the truths about the Earth's existence and its parallel effects on humankind.

Geology is a field that studies the Earth its formation and the process involved and includes sciences such as mineralogy, geodesy and stratigraphy. Right from minerals, precious stones and gems, volcanoes to the solar ...

1.)

In order to keep people as safe as possible during an earthquake special building codes have been developed for houses, roads, buildings and bridges. The United States Geological Society (USGS) uses the best seismic science available to keep up-to-date maps that show levels of danger from the lowest hazard to highest standard. These maps help cities know what level of building codes they need.

There are four areas of the United States that demonstrate the highest level danger: along the coast of the Pacific Ocean including Hawaii, southern Alaska, on the coast near the Atlantic Ocean in South ...

Currently, the geological time scale is divided into three kinds of geological units: rock, time rock and time units. The rock units describe the physical (lithologic) characteristics of the rocks while the time units refer only to the passage of time. In line with this, the Cenozoic era refers to the time between 65 million years ago and today. It refers to the rocks that were deposited during the last 65 million years, and these rocks may have been altered during breaks in this record. These alterations could be caused by erosion, nondeposition or even nonrecognition and are largely ...

Water can be considered one of the most vital resources in the planet because of its benefits to every aspect of life. Aside from being used for drinking, water ensures that life is continously sustained around the planet. However, as mankind continues to grow, supplies of critical resources like water are slowly drying out due to various causes. While a majority could argue that it is due to the changing climates causing extreme heat, there are others saying that the reducing supply for water is because of pollution. For countries like the United States, issues regarding water supply and pollution ...

Many are the times that we wake up and go about our day to day activities without taking a moment to understand our natural and physical surroundings. By their beauty, we acknowledge their magnificence and quite often, our trail of thoughts ends there. It is because of the unanswered questions that we might have that we have geologists. People who can easily explain some of these phenomena that we might deem hard to comprehend. The study of the processes that take part in the Earth, its structures and also the minerals that arise from some of this processes is ...

Introduction

Whenever there is an electric current, there is a proportionate amount of resistance, which varies depending on the nature of the material being used as a conductor. For instance, resistance can be very low in water or copper wire but very high in stones, air, or pottery. This behavior of electric current can be used to classify the unknown material into class of a good conductor or a poor conductor depending on the level of resistivity depicted. The nature of geological features of relates to the presence of minerals and moisture. The archaeological features beneath the soil vary in moisture content in such ...

Abstract

The Lake Moeris Quarry Road built while the Old Kingdom of Egypt between 26th and 22nd centuries B.C. is the oldest paved road of the world and is testimony to the excellent sense of planning and execution of the ancient Egyptians of that period. The 8-miles of the main road was built by placing large stone blocks that were kept on the desert sand and to facilitate passage of sledges filled with blocks of Basalt to the quay of Lake Moeris, and then on to River Nile. Those Basalt blocks were shipped downstream of Nile to construction sites in ...

Other

“The Day After Tomorrow”, a feature US movie of 2004 directed by Roland Emmerich, was undoubtedly a commercial success. There have been many disaster movies before, but quite a few of its predecessors might have been compared to it in terms of computer effects and quasi realism. The general public liked the effect of the new Judgement Day, and the box office of ‘The Day After Tomorrow” has exceeded 550 million dollars worldwide, while the original budget was around 125 million. The filming took place in the total of 17 locations, including New York City (with a hefty amount of special effects), Los ...

Introduction

Science fiction and disaster films often must take dramatic liberties with science and truth in order to serve a greater narrative purpose; events are compressed, effects are exaggerated, and realism and physics are thrown out the window in order to provide greater drama and spectacle (Revkin, 2004). In the movie The Day After Tomorrow, directed by Roland Emmerich in 2004, the world is subjected to global disasters brought about by climate change. The effects are myriad; global cooling sets New York in a coating of ice and freezing temperatures, glaciers crack and separate, and a “superstorm” is said to cause rapid climate ...

Museum Report(Natural Resources Canada library)

The Basics There was a visit at the museum in the Natural Resources Canada library. This museum is located at 605 Robson street in Vancouver, British Columbia on the 15th floor. The main objective of the museum visit was to learn about the various rocks, the different minerals and the artifacts in the museum. One was to clearly understand on the History of the British Columbia in Canada .

The Rock, the minerals and Interesting Artifacts in the Museum.

The rock structure in the museum could be presumed to be igneous. These rocks are intrusive and are formed through the crystallization of magma from the earth’s inner cores. This ...

Page

Introduction 3 Geological Environment and Processes Responsible 4 Geological and Topographical Features of the Plate Margin 6 Human and Environmental Impacts 8 Discussion 10 Conclusions 11

Introduction

On 11 April 2012 two huge earthquakes occurred beneath the floor of the Indian Ocean, off the coast of North Sumatra. Registering a magnitude of 8.6, the first was followed by another of 8.2 magnitude, which scientists subsequently identified as an aftershock. Neither triggered a large scale tsunami, which scientists attribute to the movement being of the “strike-slip” type, rather than the “thrust” type. However, strike-slip earthquakes are normally of a ...

Abstract

Microscopic analysis of materials is generally complex; hence engineers always look for alternative methods of analysis, by appropriate modelling. In specific, studying the damage of materials is important in almost every discipline of science/engineering/technology. Material damage includes the beginning, advancement and fracture of materials. The most important tool so far, used to analyze this damage, is called damage mechanics which relies heavily on continuum mechanics. It encompasses useful theories for the representation, modelling, and analysis of material damage. Broadly speaking, damage mechanics utilizes state variables to show the effects of damage. For instance, the variations in stiffness, and the ...

Art & Architecture: Frank Lloyd Wright, Glasner House, Glencoe, 1905 (Formalist Interpretation)

The interpretation or criticism of any work gives a new insight as it needs a thorough research with external as well as internal factors. One cannot interpret architecture same as the interpretation of drawing, painting or sculpture. It needs a completely different approach. This paper is about the interpretation of a residential building Glasner House, which was built in the beginning of the 20th century. The building was a residential architecture planned and developed by creative American architect Frank Lloyd Wright. The architecture was one of the specimens of typical Prairie house. It was the symbol of the changing lifestyle- of the new emerging ...

With reference to Biological studies, homology is the presence of shared pedigree between living organisms in terms of evolution. The homology might be in terms of genetical constitution, or physical constitution, to name a few. Here, I have described the evolutionary homology between various phyla supporting the description with a phylogenetic tree.

Genetic code is the combination of DNA and RNA sequences that constitute the amino acid sequences used in the synthesis of an organism's proteins. It is the biochemical basis of heredity and generally, protein coding amino acids is very similar in all eukaryotes and prokaryotes. The principle differences occur ...

Introduction

The study explored the homological characteristics of 22 species. The organisms were human, pygmy chimpanzee, common chimpanzee, gorilla, orangutan, white-handed gibbon, macaque (Cercopithecine monkey), horse, bison, cat, dog, bird, bat, frog, rattlesnake, alligator, fish, whale, wolf, pig, bacteria, and cow. The species were categorized as mammals, reptiles, birds, fish, or amphibians. However, humans and apes were further classified as primates. Moreover, the research sought to determine whether the species share characteristics that link them to a common ancestor. The research hypothesis was that if the evolutionary path of the 22 organisms were traced, then a common ancestor would be observed.

Universal Genetic Code

The ...

Abstract

The Altar basin found in the north western Sonora of Mexico, is a known subsidiary basin forming the present inactive part of the Colorado River delta. The sedimentary records of this basin show how the delta upgraded over a late Miocene. A structurally distinct aquatic basin at the northern end of the Gulf of California is found. Our interpretation of outcrop data, and information from exploratory wells, as well as analog seismic lines of Petróleos Mexicanos (PEMEX), and magnetic and gravity explorations from various sources pointed to the existence of three sedimentary sequences, which can be related at regional scale ...

Volcanoes - geological formations on the surface of the earth's crust or another planet's crust where magma reaches the surface, forming lava, volcanic gases, rocks, volcanic bombs and pyroclastic flows. Volcanoes are divided according to the degree of volcanic activity on the active, dormant and extinct. An active volcano is considered to be a volcano erupted in historical time period or during the holocene. The concept of "active" is quite inaccurate, since the volcano, which has active fumaroles, some scientists refer to the active, and some refer this volcanoes to be extinct. Sleepers are considered to be inactive volcanoes, ...

Introduction

One of the frequently asked questions in astronomy is, “are we alone in the universe?” It is hard to believe that we are alone in this universe that is home to billions of stars and innumerable planets and satellites. The astronomical community is divided into two groups in the matter of opinions on this. According to one group of astrophysicists, there are many earth-like objects existing in the universe, and it is only a matter of time before we find out our neighbors. A few astrophysicists, on the other hand, cherish the notion that life on the earth is unique ...

(Institute affiliation) In this paper I will be discussing Joan Didion’s essay written on grief. Joan Didion begins by speaking about grief that a human being feels at the loss of a loved one. Didion speaks about there being two types of grief – one is the actual grief that we feel, the other being the one in our mind. The actual feeling of grief comes from the heart whereas the made up version is all in the head. She expresses her feelings by saying that grief actually strikes a person after the event has occurred and during other times the ...

Introduction

Emission of the toxic substance by industries is common all over the world. Toxic substances are emitted daily by industries and anthropogenic activities. Toxic substances are categorized into three categories namely organic, inorganic and metallic compounds. Examples of organic, inorganic and metallic compounds are methane, sulfate and mercury respectively. There have been reports of these substances having negative effects on the environment. Substances like methane are responsible for increased atmospheric temperature. Sulfates affect soil. Sulfates combine with atmospheric water to form acid water. Acid water has a negative effect of soil and microorganism living in it. Mercury, on the other ...

What is sunlight?

The sun provides tirelessly every square meter of the earth's surface, which it attacks, with an average of about 1370 watts of power (in the form of electromagnetic radiation). We say that the sun burns, but actually it does not. Instead, the sun is a giant nuclear reactor (Layton & Freudenrich, 2000). This solar energy is called the solar constant, since it does not change, except for minor fluctuations. Solar energy is sent in the form of light waves. Light is an electromagnetic wave. The frequency of light - or how fast the waves vibrate - determines the differences in color. ...

Western Australian museum

The western Australian museum was established in the old Perth goal in the year 1891. It consisted of geological collection and was therefore known as the geological museum Biological and ethnological exhibitions were added and in the year 1892. It was pronounced the western Australian museum and art Gallery in the year1897. The Museum was recognized under the Museum act 1969. Within the art portfolio, Western Australian museum is a statutory authority. It is the premier organization of the state. It houses western Australian’s cultural and scientific collection. For the past 120 years, the museum has been making the ...

- Introduction - The Grand Canyon in the State of Arizona - Scope of paper - Investigative review of published literature - Geologic Time - Time as a Relative Measurement - Time is experienced by humans through daily events. - Geologic Time is a deeper scale of time, spanning millions of years. - Formation of the Grand Canyon - Geologists agree that the Grand Canyon was carved by the Colorado River. - The oddities of the Colorado River - The Colorado River did not divert its course through an uplifted ...

Introduction

Ancient scholars discovered that the earth and universe are very old but many people take this for granted (Dr.Terry 2003). According to recent studies, the idea has been rejected since modern scholars have proved otherwise. The facts of earth being old was developed through geology but htis was opposed by scriptural geologists.The findings obtained then are very essential for not only understanding relationship of Christianity to science but also getting the educating students on current arguments creation,evolution ,social, spiritual and moral implications thereof.

Overview

History of Creation During 18th century,many myths of explaining naturalistic and evolutionary nature ...

Introduction

Aeolian processes occur in environments such as deserts, agricultural fields, and coastal regions. The features of such environments include a nonexistent or sparse vegetation cover, strong winds, and a supply of fine sediments. In Egypt, the increase in human population has led to the lateral spread of human settlements from the Nile’s flood plains to various locations in the western desert land. Such areas include the Kharga Oasis, where the government has initiated land reclamation projects for agriculture and human settlements. However, the developmental plans have missed the issue of natural hazards such as dune movements. Hence, the success of such ...

The Sequoia and Kings Canyon in the United States is famous for having the highest and the jagged relief in the entire Sierra region. The rugged topographical nature of these parks is attributed to the formation of the Sierra Nevada mountain range in eastern California. According to Liu and Shen, the formation of this mountain range has been the subject of profound controversy (299). Huber suggested that the uplifting of the range, now approximated at slightly over 2800m above the adjacent lowlands, occurred in the past 20 million years (Liu & Shen 299). A number of subsequent seismic studies conducted ...

Essay Questions

1). The English had a desire of colony in the North America as they wanted to search silver and gold there. However, in 1585, approximately hundred English men arrived in the Roanoke Island, which is near North Carolina (Ayres, Gould, Oshinsky, and Sodarlund). Further, in 1587, majority settlers arrived in Roanoke. However, leader of the English people named John White went back to England in order to buy the supplies. However, in this settlement the Native American did not provide any support. They did not maintained friendly relations with The English coming over to these places, did not provided them ...

Introduction

In the scientific world, many radical scientific principles go through a tumultuous progression before the scientific community accepts them. This was the case with the continental drift theory, a landmark theory in geology. When it was proposed, the scientific community received the continental drift theory with ridicule. However, with time, the theory underwent a series of reinforcement from accumulating evidence in support of the theory. In the end, it emerged as the greatest geological principle of all time. The continental drift theory was the brainchild of Alfred Wegener. Alfred Wegener was a German meteorologist born in 1980. He acquired a PhD in astronomy from ...

Introduction

South East Arabia covers the area occupied by the ancient Trucial Oman and the regions of Abu Dhabi. The region has numerous resources that have provided a livelihood for the people over the years. Such resources include oases in the desert, coastlines, and mineral deposits in some regions. It falls into two categories. These areas are maritime South East Arabia and Mainland South East Arabia. The maritime part comprises resources and advancement made in the region’s seawaters. On the other hand, the mainland consists of regions, resources, and advancement made on the land areas inhabited by both man and ...

The theory of the continental drift was proposed by the German geographer and geologist Alfred Wegener on basis of the accumulated scientific facts. He formulated the first scientific theory of the slow continental drift in 1912. He mentioned the numerous similarities in the geological structure of the continents and the generality of the fossilized flora and fauna in the geological past. The weighty proof also was the coincidence of the climate in the distant geological eras. Alfred Wegener was born on first of November in 1880 in the center of Brooklyn in the family of the famous scientist. ...

The National Park is located in the Montezuma County of Colorado in the United States. This park is the largest and elemental archaeological preserve in the country. It was developed in 1906 by the then president to preserve the existent cliff dwellings. These cliff dwellings are among the park’s most and best preserved attractions. The park occupies around 81.4 square miles close to the Four Corners and has numerous ruins of villages and homes built by the Anasazi people, also known as the Ancient Pueblo people. The park features more than 600 cliff dwellings and has more than ...

Introduction

The Upper Paleolithic is the last division of the Old Stone Age as it is known by archaeologists. It existed between 50000 and 10000 years ago. A period marks the beginning of the behavioral modernity as well as before the initiation of agriculture. Specifically, the Upper Paleolithic term represents the period in Europe. Stone tools were most common at the time with the 50000 years marking the increase in diversity of artifacts. At the time, there were extensive advances in the social, technological, and cultural activities in Europe (Bar-Yosef 364). The ability of human beings to make decisions resulted ...

Introduction

Plate tectonics is important because it explains the reasons for the deformation of Earth’s surface. Plate Tectonics theory assumes that the Earth’s surface was broken into several small plates and the plates have collided with each other to form the continents. The theory explains that the oceans and continents also move in addition to the tectonic plates. It also explains the global distribution of earthquakes and volcanoes. The plate tectonics explains the major features of the earth, such as the continents and oceans, the earthquakes and volcanoes and the mountains and valleys. The theory explained that the ...

Biology

<Name of the Academic Institution>

Chart 1.

Historical impact of human activities on water pollution (estimated) (European Commission, 2010; British Geological Survey, 2013) Purpose Statement The purpose of this research is evaluation of various anthropogenic activities and their impact on water pollution and contamination throughout the recent centuries, as well as estimation of the possible future trends within this process.

Introduction

It is scientifically proved throughout numerous researches that agricultural and industrial activities have a negative impact on condition of groundwater all around the world. Current trends demonstrate that, although the paradigm of global development and technologies may change over ...

Theb Great 1964 Alaska Earthquarke

Introduction The Prince William Sound region in Alaska went down in North American books of history on March 27, 1964 for experiencing a fatal earthquake. The magnitude of the earthquake rated on various scales, but the moment magnitude rated it at 9.2mm. The epicenter was located approximately 10km to the east of college Fiord, Valdez 90km to the west of the epicenter and anchorage 120 Km to the east as fig 1.1 shows. The bearing of the epicenter was Lat. 61.04N, Long. 147.73W with an estimated depth of 25KM (American Society of Civil Engineers & Schiff 1991). At the time ...

Earth

- Positives It is true that our planet earth is the outcome of different geological processes that are active on our earth from billions of years. Our manufacturing, construction material, energy resources, agriculture and food products are dependent on the geological settings and environment. The significance of geosciences is very important with regards to the growth of our planet. It is a known fact that the field of geology is a multidisciplinary field that is related to the study of earth’s processes, history, and its features. The role of a geological department is central to the basic issues and challenges ...

Figure 1 New Zealand Electricity Prices 8 Figure 2 Schematic representation of pricing procedure in New Zealand 10

Implications of Transmission Lines and Grid Network of New Zealand

Abstract This report aims to evaluate implications of transmission line and existing mechanism of transmission distribution network in New Zealand. There are various theoretical and real life implications posed by transmission lines including environmental and health issues, security system, problems associated with voltage and so forth. Quality material and mechanized system can minimize these implications. Un-organized transmission lines effects ecosystems that are essential for sustainable atmosphere and environment. Moreover , transmission lines arrangement within the ground leads to other issues ...

Analysis of Water Quality from the Rivers Colne, Holme and Calder Flowing through Huddersfield/Mirfield

Analysis of Water Quality from the Rivers Colne, Holme and Calder Flowing through Huddersfield/Mirfield

Introduction

It is a truism that water is a valuable resource. Rivers are among the major suppliers of freshwater resources for humans and other terrestrial organisms. Thus, without rivers humans could not have survived. The importance of river systems has been elucidated even during the rise of the Egyptian Civilization. The Nile River for instance has provided humans with food, drink, fertile soil and even a site for settlement (Hassan and Al Rasheedy, 2007). The ecosystem services that the river provide to people since time immemorial include water supply ...

Article Review

Wood, J. and Guth, A. (2014). East Africa's Great Rift Valley: A Complex Rift System. Geology.com. Accessed From http://geology.com/articles/east-africa-rift.shtml This main theme of the article relates to the geology and specifically the formation of the east Africa’s rift system. The authors’ information relates to the nature of the rift system within the East African regions of Ethiopia, Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda. The article considers the rift as one of the greatest geological phenomena. They demonstrate the way the rift system formed, what the rift system entails, and relate points of geological interests.

The article provides a number ...

[university name]

ABSTRACT

Studying of the outer space is called space science. The space exploration is the discovery and exploration of the outer space. The study of space is mainly done by the astronomers, later it was made as one of the divisions of space science. The astronomers explore the outer space with the help of the telescope. The physical explorations are conducted by the unmanned robotic probes and human space flight. In early centuries, the space race occurred between the Soviet Union and the United States of America during the period of cold war. The abstract of this research ...

Senate Bill 4.

ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS Btus British thermal units CA California CASB 4 California Senate Bill 4 Chapt. Chapter CIPA California Independent Petroleum Association EIA Energy Information Agency MWh Megawatt hours SB Senate Bill Sect. Section US United States USA United States of America USGS United States Geological Survey Introduction On Friday, September 20, 2013 California Governor Jerry Brown signed into law the Senate Bill 4 (CASB 4) that sets up the organization of a permitting system for hydraulic fracking using the technique of fossil fuel well drilling ...

Introduction3

Statistics.3 Offshore oil drilling4 Effects on the environment.7 Recommended solutions10 Conclusion.13

Works Cited14

Abstract Today, the United States has over 5600 offshore gas and oil platforms; there are also over 27,000 miles of pipeline in the Gulf of Mexico area alone. This shows the extent to which offshore oil drilling occurs in the United States. In other developed parts of the world, the situation is the same. Oil is a product on high demand; this facilitates efforts in extracting it form its deposits deep in the sea floor. The retrieval requires the use of sophisticated equipment ...

The hydrological cycle refers to the continuous movement of water on, above and below the surface of the earth. It mainly involves the processes of evaporation, condensation, precipitation, infiltration, percolation, interception and runoff/overland flows. The main source of energy that drives the cycle is solar energy and therefore the main changes in energy involve changes in temperature. When surface water is heated, it gains energy and changes from liquid state to gaseous state. This results in a cooling effect to the surrounding region (Arctic Climatology and Meteorology) Transpiration also contributes in adding water vapor in the atmosphere; this is referred ...

Introduction

An estimate of 861 billion tons of coal deposits exist worldwide. According to the present rate of production, this amount can last for 112 yrs contrary to the oil and gas reserves that will last for fewer years approximately 45 to 54. Several countries in the world have coal reserves found in the biggest ones are China, Russia, USA and India. To prove recoverable reserves, engineers drill on the ground hence technically and economically extractable. In contemporary times, reaching peak coal is questionable due to fall in the ratio of reserves to production. The point when there is ...

Petroleum and natural gas originates from the remains of prehistoric plants and animals had settled in the seas alongside silt sand and rocks. These rocks and silt settled in layers in rivers and sea bottoms. This trapped the organic matter which did not rot as a due to lack of air within this environment (Thomas 2005). High pressure and high temperatures transformed these sand, mud and silt into rock which gradually transformed into petroleum. This is how petroleum and natural gas if formed. Coal on the other hand originates from the plants and other organic life forms which died and ...