Essays on Aquifer

1. Intake with screen removes floating, large solid impurities. The removed solids are called screenings, and they are treated and disposed as solid wastes. Mixing tank is where coagulants such as alum, aluminium sulfate, ferric chloride, ferrous sulfate or lime are mixed with raw water (Al-Najar), there is no waste stream generated from mixing tank since the process is quick and there is no time to settle. In, the flocculator slow mixing occurs to allows for floc formation, the chemicals added in mixing tank promote this process. Flocculated suspended impurities settle sooner due to their large size and mass. ...

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Sinkholes are a problem across the globe, especially in urban areas. Sinkholes can cause damage to roads, collapse structures, and destroy property. The biggest way to prevent a sink hole is to learn what factors are included in the formation a sinkhole is, how a sinkhole forms, and wheatther or not the sinkhole was naturally formed or if humans created the situation that caused the sinkhole in the first place. While it is not possible to actually prevent natural sinkholes, there are several ways that sinkholes which are created from human activity may be prevented, or at least ...

Abstract

Adequate clean water is essential for the health of every living thing on this planet. Humans create tons of pollution, effect the weather patterns that cause droughts, and there is a history of over-use of the aquifers in the form of wells and pollution from fracking which are detrimental to the survival of all living things. Global climate change, especially since the Industrial age began, has affected the entire planet in various ways. There have been larger storms as a result of climate change. There are serious droughts because of climate change. The ice caps are melting because of ...

According to EPA (2016), environmental management involves the development of systems aimed at reducing environmental impacts of various activities. In the Brundtland commission report (WCED), sustainable development has been described as development aimed at meeting the current needs of the present generation. However, as the current generation focuses on meeting their own needs, their activities should not compromise the capability of future generations to also meet their own needs. Available evidence suggests that the future generation would have challenges meeting their own needs if the current generation fails to adopt sustainable practices. The sustainable development incorporates the triple line: ...

An accident can be described as an undesirable event that could have been prevented, had the contributing factors to the event been identified and action taken to prevent it: these could be human factors, organisational factors, or predisposing factors. The same can be said of the events leading to the litigation sought by the residents of Woburn, Massachusetts in the USA. Approximately 50 years ago, the residents complained continuously of foul tasting waters (due to high concentrations of manganese and iron making it undrinkable), between the years 1964 and 1979, supplied by the municipal wells. The situation was further ...

1. Introduction Libya is counted amongst the driest nations throughout the world, where only their narrow coastal area gets precipitation above 100 mm annually. As a country, Libya has faced several historical challenges in terms of managing the increasing water demand as they suffer from water scarcity. Apart from the deficiencies in water supply, there have been instances reported for pollution in the water supply. It is apparent that water scarcity is apparent in Libya, especially in the coastal areas which are highly populated areas that causes major pressure on environmental, economic and social levels. Within Libya, concentrated of ...

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Continue reading the main story Continue reading the main story Share This Page MUMFORD, Tex. — Across the parched American West, the long drought has set off a series of fierce legal and political battles over who controls an increasingly dear treasure — water.

Just outside this minuscule farm town, Frank DeStefano was feeding a 500-acre cotton crop with water from the Brazos River 16 months ago when state regulators told ...

Abstract

Carbon Capture and Storage Technologies (CCS) is a technological method that is used to reduce the emission of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere from a variety of sources including industries and fossil fuels production and power sources. This type of technology involves the capture of dioxide either after burning or before burning and then transporting via ships or pipelines and then directing it into the deep underground for storage purposes. This type of technology has been in existence since the 1970’s and has rapidly evolved over time. In fact, the increased impact of the greenhouse effect due to increased amounts ...

Final Project Draft

Final project Article’s URL: http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/satellites-find-less-groundwater-left/

Review

Storage of groundwater, one of the main sources of water worldwide, in the major aquifers appear to be measured not enough precisely. A set of two studies found that methods used up till now for evaluating the total storage of groundwater in world’s largest basins do not possess sufficient precision and are too rough and uncertain for future use. One of the researches, carried by Jay Famiglietti and his fellow researchers, used NASA’s Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment satellites to measure the gravitational pull of water masses. They estimated total ...

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Assignment Question Report Assessing the Feasibility of different Techniques for providing Fresh Water to Arid Regions 1.0 Introduction The challenge of sustainable water supply and management in arid areas is magnified by the climatic condition of these regions. The areas often experience a period of six rainless months every year. The areas also experience low and unpredictable annual precipitation of around 100 to 500mm per year as well as extreme potential evaporation (Bunn et al. 2006, p.174). The impact of climate change primarily affects the amount of fresh water supply in arid regions. There is a substantial decrease ...

Aquifers are the underground layer of water-bearing permeable rocks like gravel, sand and silt. Groundwater is extracted from aquifers through water wells. The study on aquifers and ground water are part of the field of hydrogeology. One of the aquifers that are present on Earth is Edwards aquifer. It is noted to be one of the most prolific artesian aquifer in the world. Artesian aquifers are considered to be confined aquifers because its groundwater content is under positive pressure. Edwards aquifer is on the eastern edge of the Edwards Plateau in Texas, where its name is derived. It ...

<Put your name here> <Put the name of your school / University here> Keystone Pipeline is a system of pipeline running from western Canadian Sedimentary basin to the various refineries in the United States. This pipeline conveys synthetic crude oil, diluted bitumen (from oil sands) and also light crude. This pipeline system is already operational with three phases of them working without a hitch and the fourth one on the design table. The fourth phase of the pipeline is referred to as the Keystone XL (eXport Limited). This phase is awaiting clearance from the US government ...

Water Supplies in Sun Valley, AZ

Sun Valley is located in Arizona. It is situated along interstate 40. It is 31.56 square miles. Sun Valley has different water supply options. Some of these options are groundwater, surface water and reclaimed water. Groundwater is water found beneath the ground. They are usually in rocks and pores of the soil. Sun Valley is supplied by Arizona’s water supply. Groundwaters that supply Sun Valley are aquifers and wells. Main aquifers in Arizona are stream alluvial and basins fill. Ground water can also be sourced from sedimentary rock. Basin Fills are of three type’s namely carefree formation, ...

Executive Summary

This work is a result of the research conducted by a researcher from the United Nations. It seeks to examine the root causes of tensions arising from the water resources around the Jordan River Basin, the significance of this region to its occupants. According to the findings, The Jordan River Basin not only provides water for basic human uses but also for both subsistence and commercial agriculture, hence controls levels of economic growth for the surrounding states. The paper also anticipate identifying the most crucial areas and recommendations were made. Among the critical areas identified, include agreements for sharing existing resources, ...

Water: Threats and actions in Texas

Water is one of the world’s most wondrous and versatile resources. Water serves the needs of a diverse set of industries, from agriculture, sanitation, and household uses. It is also used to power electric power plants, crop irrigation needs, creates habitats, and satisfies the thirst of all living things on the planet. Though water such as sea water comes in abundance, it is a different story for freshwater. Freshwater, compared to seawater or other sources of water, is extremely limited and scarce. In fact, it is one of the major challenges facing the international community. The planet is estimated ...

References

(KICP), K. I. C. P., 2011. The KICP Annual Strategic Study, Jeddah: King Abdullah Universitty. Al-Ahmadi, M. a. E.-F. A., 2009. Hydrogeochemical evaluation of shallow alluvial aquifer of Wadi Marwani, Western Saudi Arabia. Journal of King Saud University (Science), Volume v. 21, pp. 179-190. Al-Ghamdi, A., 2009. Development of strategic water reserve for the Holy City of Makkah. Water Science & Technology: Water Supply , Volume v. 9, n. 5,, pp. 533-540. Alhamid, A. A. S. a. H. M., 2007. A sustainable water resources management plan for Wadi Hanifa in Saudi Arabia. Journal King Saud University, Volume v. ...

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Carbon Capture Technologies

Introduction Aside from oil, coal is regarded as one of the most important fossil fuel resources being utilized in the global energy mix. However, the use of coal in power generation has resulted in serious air pollution around the world. The use of coal has resulted in the release of almost 14 billion tons of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, with a majority of these pollutants emanating from power generation activities. Carbon dioxide sequestration technologies seek to address the release of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere that add to the growing problem of ...

Introduction

Water is one the most valuable resources in the whole world. For every country to be able to support ecosystem and for a successful socio-economic development, there must exist water. Countries in arid land such as Kuwait find it very difficult to get this most valuable resource and have to go the extra mile to get water (Howard, 2014). The most common method of water provision in Kuwait is through the underground water and desalination process. This paper is set to analyzing the two provision methods to find out what impact they have in terms of cost and how they ...

The hydrological cycle refers to the continuous movement of water on, above and below the surface of the earth. It mainly involves the processes of evaporation, condensation, precipitation, infiltration, percolation, interception and runoff/overland flows. The main source of energy that drives the cycle is solar energy and therefore the main changes in energy involve changes in temperature. When surface water is heated, it gains energy and changes from liquid state to gaseous state. This results in a cooling effect to the surrounding region (Arctic Climatology and Meteorology) Transpiration also contributes in adding water vapor in the atmosphere; this is referred ...

Abstract

The main aim of this study is to conduct a research about the artificial methods of storing water in California while considering all the financial characteristics. This research will include two artificial (Manmade) methods of storing water in the state of California which will include; surface water such as Cisterns, Dams and aqueduct. Underground water will include pipelines, aquifers, canals and reservoirs.

Introduction

California’s water management system is arguably among the most innovative and complex artificial methods of storing water in the world. In California, colossal amounts of water are confined, stored, and then delivered through manmade features to serve ...

Abstract

Water is the most important source of life. Survival of any living organism without water is impossible. Though a large part of the earth is constituted of water, the supply of fresh water is limited to only 3% of the total amount of water found on the earth's surface. With the demand for fresh and clean water rising across the world, it is time for us to think seriously about the importance of water conservation. There are several engineering and behavioral practices which, if adopted by us at home, industries and other spheres of work and life, can reduce the ...

Abstract

Water is the most important source of life. Survival of any living organism without water is impossible. Though a large part of the earth is constituted of water, the supply of fresh water is limited to only 3% of the total amount of water found on the earth's surface. With the demand for fresh and clean water rising across the world, it is time for us to think seriously about the importance of water conservation. There are several engineering and behavioral practices which, if adopted by us at home, industries and other spheres of work and life, can reduce the ...

An aquifer is an aggregation of saturated rock that water passes through quite easily. They are both porous and permeable to water. They include rocks such as conglomerate, sandstone, fractured limestone and unconsolidated sand and gravel. Also, volcanic rocks that are fractured such as columnar basalts are good aquifers. In essence, some rocks with low porosity are poor aquifers. Examples of such rocks with low porosity include schist and granite. However, when schist and granite become fractured they become excellent aquifers. The boundaries of aquifers are usually graded into other aquifers, in essence, an aquifer could be a part of ...

Water Problems in West Bank

Introduction Having very low availability of water resources in comparison with the global average, Israel, Jordan and Palestine have been suffering from scarcity of water and the scarcity impacts their economic and daily lives directly mostly for the higher population in Jordan and Palestine. The continuous rapid growth in population has in the region has raised the question as to whether the basic needs of water for the whole population will ever be met in the coming future. The resources of water in Israel, Jordan and Palestine are a mixture of groundwater and surface water sources. The major ...

The Hydrologic Cycle

The global hydrologic cycle involves the change of water between three states. Water can be gaseous, like humidity in the atmosphere and the condensation in clouds, liquid as in our lakes, rivers, and oceans, or solid as in our ice caps and glaciers. Water is very complex and energy is required for it to change between the different states. Without water, biologic life could not exist. Evaporation and transpiration return water from the liquid state into the gaseous state. It takes a lot of energy to effect this change in state. Approximately 600 calories per gram of water is ...

The movement from sites of waste-disposal of contaminated groundwater is a problem faced by many cities in world. Solid and liquid waste dumped in landfills generates an atmosphere where inorganic and organic compounds present in the water or which are produced in the landfill become prone of entering the hydrological regime through movement. The movement of contaminants in water bodies through landfills is more distinct in temperate and humid climates as penetration of rainfall is moderate to high, and separation of leachate from the aquifers which are underlying for extended time periods becomes a complex process. In such areas, landfills gets ...

Aquifer

An aquifer is generally referred to as a wet underground stratum of a permeable rock which seems to bear a substantial amount of water. An aquifer does not necessarily has to be based on a hard element such as a rock but can be found in other materials such as silt based grounds, gravel based grounds as well as on a sand based ground. Due to the essentiality of water to the living of human beings together with sustenance of the man’s main activities, human beings have devised techniques to extract such underground water bodies for his overall purposeful use. This is through extraction ...

Abstract

Clean water for domestic use is essential for a health population. Therefore, all people should have access to clean drinking water. Drought is a common phenomenon in arid regions and this makes water shortage a significant problem. The effects of water shortages are experienced in the arid Southwestern parts of the United States, this just being one among the many arid areas of the world. The paper seeks to address and compare the various small and large scale methods possible for water provision in this arid region of the United States. Among the large scale possible methods of providing water for this ...

Abstract:

Lack of fresh water for agricultural, domestic, and industrial use is a great hindrance to development in many parts of the world. Water shortages are more prominent in the arid and semi-arid areas. In addition to that, the inadequate fresh water resources found in these regions are endangered when it comes to quality due to the numerous man-induced changes. Moreover, the limited water available is limited to groundwater. In there is any surface water, it is mainly flash floods that results from high intensity rainfall that falls for a very short time. Therefore, these floods have very little potential to be a ...