Essays on Gravel

Recycling of Construction Materials1

BRICKS AND BLOCKS4 WOOD5 STEEL5 GLASS...6

References7

Introduction Common materials used in deconstruction, renovation, and demolition sites include wood, bricks and blocks, concrete, metals and glass. They may be discarded now, but they can still be reused and recycled into other products in many ways. Typically, disposal of construction wastes are done through recycling, incineration, and disposal (Ackerman and Gallagher, 2002, Ganiron, 2014a). The construction wastes have great potential for the mitigation of the environmental impacts as based upon the material’s life cycle (Knoeri et al, 2013). Aim This project deals with the process of recycling the pulled down ...

Lab 2 – Water Quality and Contamination

Abstract In this lab, the water quality, contamination, and treatment were investigated. The ability of contaminants (oil, vinegar, and laundry detergent) to remain in the water after passing through the ground was examined. Also, the simple filtering procedure was assessed for its effectivity in purifying water contaminated with soil. The quality of tap water, Fiji, and Dasani bottled waters by the content of ammonia, chlorides, iron, phosphates, total alkalinity, total chlorine, total hardness, and pH was analyzed and compared. All of the studied contaminants proved to remain in the volume of water after passing through the soil; the proposed ...

(Teacher)

Sinkholes are a problem across the globe, especially in urban areas. Sinkholes can cause damage to roads, collapse structures, and destroy property. The biggest way to prevent a sink hole is to learn what factors are included in the formation a sinkhole is, how a sinkhole forms, and wheatther or not the sinkhole was naturally formed or if humans created the situation that caused the sinkhole in the first place. While it is not possible to actually prevent natural sinkholes, there are several ways that sinkholes which are created from human activity may be prevented, or at least ...

Introduction

Permeability also known as hydraulic conductivity is the ability of the soil to allow the water to pass through it with ease. The characteristic property of soil is useful in calculation of the seepage in the dams and under sheet pile walls. It also helps in determining the rate of seepage through the facilities for storing waste water such as landfills and fish ponds. Moreover, the rate of settlement of clayey soils can also be established. The determination of hydraulic conductivity of soils can be performed using several methods. The method of constant head is used to determine the ...

According to EPA (2016), environmental management involves the development of systems aimed at reducing environmental impacts of various activities. In the Brundtland commission report (WCED), sustainable development has been described as development aimed at meeting the current needs of the present generation. However, as the current generation focuses on meeting their own needs, their activities should not compromise the capability of future generations to also meet their own needs. Available evidence suggests that the future generation would have challenges meeting their own needs if the current generation fails to adopt sustainable practices. The sustainable development incorporates the triple line: ...

Sinkholes; Made by nature or humans?

Abstract Sinkholes seem to swallow the earth and everything sitting on the surface. Some sinkholes are small and have relatively no effect on humans or property. Some sinkholes are very large and will leave ga[ing holes in the landscape. Sometimes these large sinkholes will devour a road and cause harm to the humans who live, work, and travel where the sinkhole is located. For example, a series of sinkholes and a landslide occurred simultaneously in Harbor, Oregon. This sinkhole was a combination of nature and human activity. Many sinkholes are caused by human activity that nature decides to ...

LITERATURE REVIEW: WATER TREATMENT

1.0 Literature Review: Water Treatment. 1.1 Water Quality: Water quality is the measure of water condition in relation to the requirements of various biotic species, the environment, and/or any human needs and purposes. Water quality is determined by measuring and analyzing it chemical, biological, physical and radiological characteristics. Both natural and human activities influence water quality. Natural influences that affect water quality are mainly climatic, geological and hydrological since they affect both the quality and quantity of water available (Diersing 2009). The highest influence on water quality occurs when its quantity is low, yet the limited resource must be ...

Aim 2

Introduction 2 Apparatus 2 Method 2 Results 4 Discussion 5 Other methods used to determine specific gravity 6 Conclusion 7

Work Cited 8

Appendix 9 Aim Introduction Specific gravity is the comparison ratio of the mass of a model to the one of an equal volume of the standard substance. Specific gravity is an intensive characteristic of material. The same property can be used for analysis of velocity and other aspects of engineering design. In this experiment, the specific gravity is the ratio of the mass of a unit volume of a given soil sample at a certain temperature to the mass ...

Intensive growth and new scientific and technological developments give builders practically unlimited possibilities. This leads to the emergence of the problem of choice – how to rationally determine the most appropriate technology? Experience of previous decades shows that constructions made of prefabricated concrete show good operation characteristics and are rather lasting (bibm.eu, 2016). As a result, prefabricated concrete is widely used in the process of construction of building of civil and industrial use. With the help of the prefabricated concrete construction time of the building is decreased, and much labor and financial resources are saved. Further in the paper, prefabricated ...

The intensive growth and more new scientific and technological developments give builders practically unlimited possibilities. But to the fore, the problem of choice comes – how to rationally determine the most appropriate technology? Particularly heated is the debate between supporters and defenders of monolithic construction of prefabricated concrete (bibm.eu, 2016). The main difference of the prefabricated concrete construction from the monolith is manufacturing of building structures in the factory with careful laboratory monitoring of the whole process (concretenetwork.com, 2016). Impact of human factors on the quality of the product is reduced to an absolute minimum, and perhaps it can be ...

The typical types of drill rigs are highway, off-road, over-water, and portable drill rigs.

What drill rig is most common? The most common drill rig is highway. What drill rig would be best suited for soft, saturated soils? For soft, saturated soils the best suited drill rig would be portable. What are the common drilling methods? The common drilling methods are solid stem continuous flight auger, hollow stem continuous flight auger, mud rotary (rotary wash), and coring.

What method is best for drilling collapsing soil? Why?

The best method for drilling collapsing soils is hollow stem continuous flight auger, because the samples can be taken without removing the auger from the borehole.

What method would be best for shallow holes ( ...

Thames Tunnel: Travelling under the river

Recognized as engineering virtuoso, Isambard Kingdom Brunel is also acknowledged for his audacious plans and colossal structures that are critical parts in even today’s times. Brunel amalgamated innovation and immeasurable boldness of foresight in constructing his oft contentious “trophies.” Born to French and English parents, Brunel began his internship with his father on the building of London’s Thames Tunnel. Soon after, Brunel was designated as the projects’ resident engineer; aside from being the lead engineer, Brunel was also able to gain considerable knowledge and exposure on cement and brick structures that would serve him in his future ...

Currently, the geological time scale is divided into three kinds of geological units: rock, time rock and time units. The rock units describe the physical (lithologic) characteristics of the rocks while the time units refer only to the passage of time. In line with this, the Cenozoic era refers to the time between 65 million years ago and today. It refers to the rocks that were deposited during the last 65 million years, and these rocks may have been altered during breaks in this record. These alterations could be caused by erosion, nondeposition or even nonrecognition and are largely ...

Application of Transtheoretical Model vs. Health Belief Model

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Introduction

Recently many research strategies have developed to identify the most efficient methods to achieve healthier outcomes. An accurate combination of personal behavior and health improvement has proffered the novel approaches to behavioral and medical experts. The outcomes of such intervention studies have provided potent insights in various chronic and infectious diseases and many theories that gained high appreciation are designed to define the scope of nursing practices. Currently, many conceptual models are applied in health promotion and education (Glanz, Rimer & Viswanath, 2008). The essay aims to ...

Abstract

The present paper examined water quality and contamination. The three experiments were conducted to find the effects of different pollutants on groundwater, processes of water treatment, and quality of bottled water. The contamination of groundwater was observed to evaluate the result of vitiating environment that has to be protected to ensure a safe future for the progeny. Water treatment processes have to be effective as well as economical, so that people in general worldwide can be benefitted. Treatment method like filtration has researched out for the benefit of people at large. Bottled water was analyzed considering safe for drinking. The ...

The rock I found was gray in color and appeared to be silky in the sun. As I checked the internet to identify the kind of rock I found, I learned that it was slate. This kind of rock is found in some garden in my neighborhood, with some used as slate gravel while others as stepping stones. Not far from my house, I saw a house with slate as its roof. Judging by the color and texture of my rock, and the powdery grain that was left in my hands after rubbing it, I surmised that ash is ...

- pour the unfiltered water through the build filter and collect the filtered water with a glass from the hole made on the cap - Conclusion

Water we consume comes from rivers, lakes and some of it from ground water. This water may appear clean for consumption; however, it is crucial to ensure that it is properly cleaned before use for domestic purposes. There are several ways in which water can be cleaned. First, it can be boiled to kill harmful bacteria; however, this process does not remove lead and other substances that may render water harmful for consumption. ...

Facts

Scarborough and Rollins were owners of adjoining land parcels .According to Rollin’s, she believed that she owned a share of ``a gravel road” that was situated along the south in relation to her apartments. On the other hand, Scarborough also believed that he owned the same share of the said gravel road that was situated north of his properties (Miller, 547). In the year 2006, Scarborough instituted a suit to facilitate the confirmation that the share of the gravel road belonged to him and that he should be awarded ``quiet” enjoyment of the same. Rollins on the hand ``filed” a counterclaim ...

Assignment 4: Mid-Term Exam

Question 1 - Permafrost Permafrost is a thick sub-layer of ground comprising of soil, rocks, ice, or organic materials, which remains frozen for at least two sequential years. It forms the sub-surface soil layer of Polar Regions such as the arctic region. - Great Lakes-St. Lawrence Hardwood Forest Ecotone An ecotone describes an area of transition that occurs between biomes. An example of such an area occurs in northern Ontario between the Great Lakes- St. Lawrence and the boreal forests (Liu). The Boreal forest changed into the St. Lawrence wood nearly 7,400 years ago (Liu) ...

Introduction

The original goal of this report is to provide essential reasons about why such business might have necessitated in our area and how people can have varieties of fresh produce without any seasonal barriers. Populations of these cities are growing day by day, and most of the lands are going under housing projects, so the farming lands undergo destruction for housings. Hydroponics is the solution. It can benefit us with so many other factors such as, no need for workers, no need for lands, no needs for large investments and (etc.) (Guffey& Loewy, 310).

Land and water are becoming ...

Introduction

The Great Belt Fixed Link (Storebæltforbindelsen) is the fixed link connecting the islands of Zealand and Funen across the strait of Great Belt. The link is composed of three mega structures: a road suspension bridge (known as the East Bridge), a railway between Zealand and Sprogø, and a box girder bridge (known as the West Bridge) between Sprogø and Funen (Railway-Technology, n.d.). The link was purposely designed to replace the primary means of crossing the Great Belt (Transportation Research Board, 1995). Combined purpose and aesthetic perfection, this majestic link exhibits eccentric engineering skills and craftsmanship, a true man-made wonder. Figure 1. ...

The Construction Cost Trends for 2014 September/ October2014 issue

The BNi@ Building News and Design Cost DataTM are regarded as important American magazines used in the construction industry. They are the leading providers of the industry intelligence. The articles are mainly devoted to delivering the industrial critical information to help in providing reliable cost estimates to all the industry concerned bodies. The article is quite helpful for the construction professionals’ on matters such as projecting future building cost and the building trends (BNi@ Building News 24).

Authors and Audience

The Construction Cost Trends for 2014 magazine contributed by BNi@ Building News, shows how the housing trend is recovering from many parts ...

INTRODUCTION

Water is an essential element of the ecosystem. In fact, it controls all processes related to the ecosystem. It acts as a base upon which all human, animal and plant life survives. The food consumed and the habitats of all animals and humans are all part and parcel of the positive impacts this natural resource holds over life. However, there have not been significant measures designed to protect this natural resource so as to keep it in its original form without placing an undue imbalance within the ecosystem (National Resources Defense Council, 2014). Environmental activists have come out several times ...

Introduction

Among the major concerns faced by urban dwellers currently is the supply of clean consumable and portable water to their businesses and households. This is due to the numerous opportunities of water contamination such as pesticide farm runoff, industrial waste, soil run off among others. Thus, the importance of water filtration processes in order to come up with safe consumable water. Water moves in a cycle and this is usually the first filtration process. Water evaporates from water bodies such as rivers lakes and seas to go form clouds through condensation. The water falls in the form of rain ...

WATER QUALITY AND CONTAMINATION REPORT

ABSTRACT The process of water filtration systems is to remove impurities from a water source to create potable water in sufficient quantities to supply a municipality. In order to do this water is filtered by several different processes to remove different types of impurities. To test the efficacy of these different processes, a series of laboratory experiments was set up using the same type of materials and processes, but on a smaller scale. The data suggests that these processes are effective in removing most impurities and contaminants, However there is room for improvement and a higher quality of drinking water could be obtained ...

Healthcare and Child Care in Queensland (Australia)

- Abstract Healthcare and child care are challenging issues, particularly in a culturally diverse country like Australia. There are different opinions depending upon personal and political divisions. Career in these fields, demands knowledge and understanding of statutory standards and professional obligations related to safety and well-being of children and healthcare seekers. This paper discusses relevant issues of this profession. - Sustainability of Environment The land is 10km from city and in a commercial zone. The area is covered in gravel and uneven. The perimeter fence is made of galvanised steel mesh. While the location cannot be changed, the ...

An aquifer is an aggregation of saturated rock that water passes through quite easily. They are both porous and permeable to water. They include rocks such as conglomerate, sandstone, fractured limestone and unconsolidated sand and gravel. Also, volcanic rocks that are fractured such as columnar basalts are good aquifers. In essence, some rocks with low porosity are poor aquifers. Examples of such rocks with low porosity include schist and granite. However, when schist and granite become fractured they become excellent aquifers. The boundaries of aquifers are usually graded into other aquifers, in essence, an aquifer could be a part of ...

Abstract

Tay-Sachs disease (TSD) is a group of autosomal recessive lipid lysosomal storage disorders caused by mutations of the HEXA gene, which codes for the alpha subunit of the enzyme Hexosaminidase A, one of three enzymes responsible for the normal degradation of GM2 ganglioside, a substance found in high concentration in the plasma membrane of neuronal cells. The classic acute infantile form, discussed here, is a neurodegenerative disorder with onset at four to eight months of age in which acquired capabilities are lost and general neurologic deterioration occurs, with death by age two to four years. It occurs with highest frequency in the ...

I. Procedure for Reduction of Erosion and Sediment on Site Whenever there is a construction work in progress, there is always high likelihood that the erosion rate will be exaggerated. Also, due to the excesses of materials and other by-products of the construction work, it is no wonder that there may be accumulation of sediments. It is therefore necessary for the contractor, the business owner and the work foreman to practice their roles with precision; otherwise the site may become messy and environmentally unfavorable. Besides the regulations, there are other steps that can be taken by the mentioned individuals, ...

The movement from sites of waste-disposal of contaminated groundwater is a problem faced by many cities in world. Solid and liquid waste dumped in landfills generates an atmosphere where inorganic and organic compounds present in the water or which are produced in the landfill become prone of entering the hydrological regime through movement. The movement of contaminants in water bodies through landfills is more distinct in temperate and humid climates as penetration of rainfall is moderate to high, and separation of leachate from the aquifers which are underlying for extended time periods becomes a complex process. In such areas, landfills gets ...

Aquifer

An aquifer is generally referred to as a wet underground stratum of a permeable rock which seems to bear a substantial amount of water. An aquifer does not necessarily has to be based on a hard element such as a rock but can be found in other materials such as silt based grounds, gravel based grounds as well as on a sand based ground. Due to the essentiality of water to the living of human beings together with sustenance of the man’s main activities, human beings have devised techniques to extract such underground water bodies for his overall purposeful use. This is through extraction ...