Essays on Pendulum

The systems that can adapt in reaction to unanticipated external disturbances and events during their operation are called autonomous systems . These systems have capability of self-adaptation, self-configuration, self-monitoring, tuning, and other kinds of adjustment without requiring external control input . Autonomous systems are also referred to as self-managed systems due to their independence from external controls. These systems are built such that their components satisfy the design intent in the presence of small perturbations, external disturbances, noise, or other environmental changes. In realm of control systems theory, autonomous systems carry the similar concept mentioned above. Talking in terms of state ...

Impact Testing of Metals

Abstract Impact testing of metal experiment was conducted by performing Charpy V-notch impact tests and the ductile-brittle transition temperature of the three metallic samples was established. Three samples of metals were studied ( 1018 hot-rolled steel, brass and aluminum) to assess the Charpy V-notch impact energy as a function of temperature and the ductile-brittle transition temperature. The DBTT for the sample tested were recorded as follows: -109F, 32F, 71F, 140F and 205F respectively. From the results obtained, it is evident that the fracture energy varies with the original temperature of the specimen under investigation. For Steel, the highest fracture energy ...

Engineering

Retrus, Maimane and Mosoallbisi (2014) agree that mechanical energy is the total sum of Kinetic and Potential energies. Kinetic energy is the energy possessed by an object because of its movement. Potential energy on the other hand is that energy which is stored by an object as a result of its position. There are two types of potential energy, elastic and gravitational and the one present in a swing and pendulum is gravitational potential energy. Its presence is because neither of them has a spring to produce elastic potential energy and they both work in accordance with the laws ...

Galileo Galilei is an Italian scientist, physicist, engineer and astronomer, one of the founders of natural science; poet, scholar and critic. He struggled against scholasticism, he considered the knowledge to be the basis of experience. He laid the foundations of modern mechanics, introduced the idea of ​​the relativity of motion, established the laws of inertia, and the free fall movement of bodies on an inclined plane, the addition of movements; opened isochronous oscillations of a pendulum; first investigated the strength of beams. Galileo was born February 15, 1564 in Pisa. In this city, he learned at school until he ...

Edgar Allan Poe is one of America’s most famous writers, arguably the prince of horror stories. His oeuvre covers a wide range of work, from poetry to prose, the Arab world to 19th century America, and detective fiction to horror stories. His 1845 poem, The Raven, made him a sensation and is regarded as one of the genre-defining works of American literature. His life and career were deeply troubled, but his legacy has enshrined him along with the greats. Poe’s stories are stylistically unique – displaying a huge diversity of elements taken from all over English and world ...

Instituion

1. What is the potential impact of supersonic transports (SSTs) on the ozone layer? An alarming ozone loss has been reported in the past decades, and studies showed that this global problem is attributed largely to human activities. Advancement in technology resulted in the development of high-speed air transport that are economically competitive compared to other forms of aircrafts. There is, however, the associated risk that supersonic transports can impact in the destruction of the ozone layer due to the large amount of atmospheric pollution that it emits. The Massachusetts Institute of Technology carried a study on the possible ...

Objective

In this experiment, we examined the motion of a simple pendulum constructed from a bob hanging from a long, thin string attached to the ceiling. We wish to confirm that the period of the pendulum depends not on the mass of the bob, but only on the length of the string and the acceleration due to gravity. We also wish to obtain an experimental value for earth's gravitational constant, g, which is known to be 980.35 cm/s2.

Discussion

Two approaches were used to make an experimental determination of the value of g. The first approach involved measuring a single period 100 times, using a stopwatch. ...

1. The average values of hi, hf, y, and X were found to be: hi = 5 cm hf = 15.87 cm y = 104.84 cm X = 310.235 cm 2. h = 15.87 – 5 = 10.87 cm 3. Using equation (10) to determine the initial velocity and equation (11) to determine initial momentum, we find vi = 3.10235*sqrt(9.81/2*1.0484) = 7.035 m/s pi = 0.06944*7.035 = 0.4885 kg m/s 4. Using equation (7) to calculate the final momentum of the system, we find pf = (M + m)*sqrt(2*g*h) pf = 0.3321*sqrt(2* ...

Ryan Gleason

Salem Almansoori Introduction Ballistic pendulum as illustrated in Figure 1 below is a classical method of measuring the speed of bullets. This technique, which is commonly used in investigation of bullet speeds, relies heavily on the basic laws of conservation in physics. Figure 1 Ballistic Pendulum Set-up Figure 2 illustrates how the experiment is executed chronologically from the time the ‘bullet’ is launched to the time it ceases travelling at the maximum angular displacement. In the illustration, the bullet of mass, m and initial velocity, v hits a stationary pendulum cup and it is embedded in it ...

The Simple Pendulum

Lab Details (Here)

Lab Partner:

(Partner’s Name) The Simple Pendulum

Introduction

The aim of this experiment was to experimentally find the time period of a simple pendulum, and use to compute the local acceleration due to gravity. These values were compared with the theoretical predictions based on the equation, =2πLg , where T is the time period, L is the effective length of the simple pendulum (measured quantity) and g is the local acceleration due to gravity. In order to compute the total error between the predicted and actual values, the effects of all random errors in each measured quantity ...

Why Poetry Cannot Emerge From GOFAI and why The Extended Mind Approach is a Better AlternativeGOFAI was once thought of as a pathway that could eventually lead to the emergence of a machine intelligence that supervenes from circuitry and in the same way that human intelligence was thought emerge from the connectedness of neurons. Intelligence breaks down to reasoning, which is the manipulation of representations (PHIL342, Lec 7b). GOFAI does is based upon symbolic logic. GOFAI was once theorized as the way that machines could have minds. But while GOFAI systems have been able to mimic human behavior, and sometimes even eerily ...

Section SLN:

TA’s name: I. Objectives - Measure the motion of a Simple Pendulum using a motion detector and record position v/s time by computer. - Investigate how the period varies with the amplitude. - Analyze the motion to determine damping constant and quality factor. II. Data

Undamped oscillations – tennis ball

Slope of T2 vs. L plot = 4.923 +/- 0.2372 s2/m

Make a bar graph in GA to observe the relationship between period and amplitude.

Damped oscillations – Styrofoam ball III. Data Analysis

Period of oscillations as a function of the pendulum length

- Based on the slope of T2 vs. L plot the experimental gravitational acceleration was calculated as follows: The slope of the graph is calculated to be 4.923.

Now, we know that,

Slope = 42/g

Therefore,

...

Fiction Analysis

Need a title In his Gothic tales of horror, Edgar Allan Poe focuses on the literal and figurative elements of death. This may have to do with him watching his mother suffer with tuberculosis. From the fear of the descending pendulum of the Spanish Inquisition or the metaphorical aspects of the plague from the Red? Black Death, the end of life is a topic that thrills Poe, and it is used throughout his stories. One of the main features of Poe’s fiction is that his settings are revolved around the fantasticthe fantastic, severed from practical reality. By combining the ...

Philosophy

Introduction

GOFAI is a mindset or an architecture that includes the symbolic representation that can also be explained as the expressions of a certain language. It also includes a thought behind all these expressions like basic frame works or ideas that may contradict with each other. There must be millions of facts that are arranged according to the knowledge and a thought behind that knowledge. GOFAI can also be explained as a description of thoughts (Hutchins, n.d).

Description

There are some models that have been designed for the purpose of playing role as alternatives. A model that has been established as an alternative is Connectionism. ...

Edgar Alan Poe is an American author, poet, essayist, literary critic and editor. He is considered to be one of the representatives of the American Romanticism, the inventor of the detective fiction genre. His works contributed to the emergence of the genre of science fiction. Edgar Poe is best known for his spine-tingling and mysterious horror stories and poems. The Pit and the Pendulum is one of Poe’s famous short stories that was published in 1842. The narrator of the story is a survivor of the torture and torment in the condemned cell at Toledo – the Spanish Inquisition ...

Abstract— Faraday's Law is used to estimate the magnetic field of the magnet from the maximum induced voltage. This paper presents the report of the experiment on Faraday’s Law of induction. In this experiment Faraday's Law and Lenz's Law are examined, along with the concepts of magnetic flux and conservation of energy. The experiment was carried out by using a wand having a coil at its end. This coil is made to swing through the magnetic field of a horse magnet. The induced EMF stated by Faraday and the reason for the minus sign added to it by Lenz has been ...

Introduction

A pendulum consists of a bob or point mass which is suspended from a light string tied at one end to a pivot point. The string is assumed to have negligible mass.1 If the point mass of the pendulum is pulled to a small angle from vertical plane and released, it will swing back-and-forth at a regular period and frequency. Time taken by the pendulum to make one full back-and-forth swing is termed as period of a pendulum. If the amplitude of motion or swing is small, motion of a simple pendulum is like simple harmonic motion and can be approximated by

Above equation is used ...

Lab partner's name:

TA’s name: Section no Objective: Purpose of this experiment was to check conservation of energy in three simple mechanical systems namely swinging pendulum, oscillating mass on a spring and basketball shot.

Data:

Following is the table of experimental data for Swinging Pendulum system

Following graphs have been obtained from above experimental data.

Graph -1: Kinetic energy vs Vertical Direction Graph -2: ME.PE,KE vs time Following is the graph of experimental data for Oscillating spring-mass system Graph -3: ME.PE,KE vs time Following is the table of experimental data for Basketball shot

Following graphs were obtained from above experimental data.

Graph -4: ME.PE,KE vs time ...

Report

Report: Abstract: The report below examines an inverted pendulum experiment. In the report a brief description of the system used has been provided. The aims of the experiment have also been discussed. A block diagram of the equipment used in the experiment has also been included in the report. Matlab has been used to plot the data derived from the experiment and using this graphs the behavior of the inverted pendulum has been discussed.

A QNET rotary inverted kit was used in the experiment. The kit is shown in the figure 1 below. The kit used in the ...

Problem statement

The knowledge on how materials behave or fail when subjected to different conditions is of critical importance in the engineering field. This knowledge will ensure that there is appropriate selection of material for diverse working conditions. Thus, it is paramount to establish the features that are associated with unique classification of material. In this experiment, the behaviors of A36 steel and the aluminum when subjected to impact loading are investigated. To compare these two materials, the amount of energy required to break a respective piece are compared.

Procedure

Equipment: Tinius Olsen machine, Pair of thongs Material: A36 steel and the ...

QUESTION I

Function This is an equation or expression that shows the relationship between input and output variables. It transforms each input value into one output value. For instance, a function f(x) = 3x multiplies each input value by three to give the output value

Domain

Set of all possible input values. For instance, the domain of f(x) = 1/x is any real number apart from zero

Range

Set of all possible output values. For instance the range of f(x) = Sin x is -1, +1.

Linear Function

Also known as first degree function Maximum power of input variable is 1 Written in ...

Introduction

This book report considers an intercultural Communication book, Principles of Intercultural Communication, by Igor E. Klyukanov. The book was published in the year 2005 by Pearson Education Inc. The author of the book is an experienced professor of Communication studies at the Eastern Washington University. On top of serving as an editor for the international Journal of Communication, Igor E. Klyukanov has written at least 50 articles as well as books in the field of culture, communication, and language. With his experience Klyukanov has authored this particular book configuring it within ten essential principles, “Principles of Intercultural communication. “ He ...

Conservatives and the liberals differ in a wide range of issues both socio-economically and their understanding about the role of government. In the light of this this essay seeks to compare and contrast the views of the conservatives and the liberals on economic affairs and the role of government. In addition this paper will look at how both divides acted in response to the financial crisis of 2008. First of all, conservatives are strong believers in the free market. They believe that the market should be competitive and should provide opportunities for all. In order to maintain this free system, conservatives ...

ABSTRACT

The involuntarily and subconscious behavior of some individuals can be described as extraordinary capabilities. When individuals cannot consciously account for their actions, the phenomena is called ideomotor effect. The effect is not clearly understood though scientific research strongly relates it with the subconscious mind. The difficulty in conducting experiments to come up with a clear psychological and scientific explanation for the ideomotor effect, has lead to it being related to psycho-kinesis and extra sensory perception. The two (ESP AND PK) have an explainable origin from the subconscious mind although further research continues in the field. How scientists explain one sending ...

Snake oil peddlers, magicians, and charlatans have been with us since the dawn of humanity. As technology advances, the aforementioned hucksters tend to cloak their trade in the mystique of the novel and contemporary enlightenments. The belief in telekinetic activity and the idea of controlling things intrinsically with thoughts has grown in popularity as we have moved into a world where scientific advancement is providing a sound physical basis for these wonders. Promoters of ESP and psychokinesis would like people to believe that it is possible to un-tap the minds power to perform physical tasks without the exertion of physical activity. ...

Dowsing is a method used to locate underground objects of interest such as water, valuable minerals, and unmarked graves. Early dowsing was also referred to as water witching since it was mostly used to locate the presence of underground water. Dowsers use a forked divining stick when locating underground minerals and water. The stick is gripped inflexibly in each hand with the forkedend pointing upwards. As they walk over the ground, the stick is twisted suddenly as though moved by a powerful unseen energy. The stick is turned, and the forkedend points down to indicate the location of the water. Different types ...

Assignment 1

Energy refers to the ability to produce changes in a given system and it exists in different forms, but it is broadly categorized into two major forms which are Kinetic energy and Potential energy. It is further grouped into many other forms that include; heat energy, light energy, mechanical energy, sound energy and geothermal energy. Energy is converted from a given form to another depending on the energy needs of the user. This transformation simply implies conversion of energy from one state to another, which may occur naturally or it can be manipulated using various energy-consuming machines. In scientific terms, a device ...

Throughout my formative years in elementary, middle school, and high school; Galileo Galilei’s name became known in both history and science books as the man who developed the telescope. At first, I thought his invention of the telescope earned him the title “Father of Modern Astronomy” due to the telescope’s capacity to augment celestial bodies without any visual strain to the user. While my conviction to Galileo Galilei’s expertise remained firm as I entered tertiary years, the Dan Brown novel entitled “Angels and Demons” challenged my ideas over the Italian scientist. In the movie, Galileo was a ...

Introduction

When it comes to control systems, the inverted pendulum system is something that stands out from amongst the rest. Linear control concepts such as stabilization of unstable systems can be demonstrated using the inverted pendulum. Since the system is intrinsically non linear, many non linear concepts can also be demonstrated using the inverted pendulum. This system has basically two equilibrium states, one stable and the other unstable. In the stable equilibrium state, the pendulum points downwards and in the absence of any controlling forces, it returns to its original state. In the unstable equilibrium state, the pendulum points upwards. ...

The law of conservation of momentum states that the total linear momentum of a system remains constant. Bodies under collisions exert equal and opposite forces, however, in the absence of external forces, their change in momentum is equal and opposite. There are two types of collisions: elastic and inelastic collisions. In elastic collisions, both the total kinetic energy and momentum of the colliding bodies is conserved. On the other hand, only momentum is conserved in inelastic collisions. In the latter, bodies fuse together after collision (Wilson and Hernandez 129). The experiment investigates the conversation of linear momentum in an ...

The name Edgar Allan Poe is synonymous with literary horror: his works such as “The Pit and The Pendulum” and his “Murders in the Rue Morgue” short-stories collection have managed to intrigue, woo and horrify readers for decades. His dark, suspenseful imagery has a distinctive style with its focus on the macabre and the slightly twisted. Poe is a master at creating horror without the need for graphic violence and gore, a talent which has long since been lost on today’s modern horror writers. “The Pit and the Pendulum”, for example, demonstrates a build-up of horror through an air of potential misery ...