Essays on Kinetic Energy

We have all been taught how every object and thing around us is made up of matter and that matter exists in three very basic states which are the solids, the liquids, and the gasses. Even within these solids, liquids and gasses are particles, and it is simply the arrangement of these particles which makes any matter form one of the three states. It is also because the major difference between the three states is how the particles behave around one another which make the transition possible in between one state of matter and the next. In simple words, ...

Part 1

The equipment used to assess VO2 max and lactate threshold includes the h/p/cosmos Pulsar 5.0 treadmill, the Cosmed Quark PFT Ergo testing equipment, the Cosmed V2 mask, the HR Belt Cosmed-ANT (w/transmitter), and a computer.

Calibration Processes

The preliminary step for the experiment is to perform the calibration of the equipment. The treadmill velocity should be calibrated by marking a point and noting the time it takes to complete a predetermined number of revolutions. This time is used to calculate the velocity by using the length of the belt, which should also be measured. These calibrations should be performed at different ...

Q1. A 200mm diameter pipeline divides into two smaller pipelines, one being 100mm in diameter and the other being 150mm in diameter. If the velocity in the 100mm pipe is 0.3m/s and that in the 150mm is 0.6m/s, calculate the flowrate in litres/s and the velocity in m/s in the 200mm pipe. [ 13 l/s, 0.413m/s] Solution: Flow Rate = (pi/4)(0.1)2(0.3) + (pi/4)(0.15)2(0.6) = 0.01296 cubicmeters/sec = 12.96 l/sec. (ans.). Velocity = (Flow Rate)/(Area) = [0.01296]/[(pi/4)(0.1)2] = 0.4125 m/s. Q2. If the specific volume of water is 0.001251 m3 /kg. calculate:

The mass and weight ...

Introduction

The population growth of the cities in the world requires the perform of infrastructure works every day to guarantee the supply of clean and potable water to a population that needs every day more water for food, leisure, and living. But the supply water to human conglomerates has resulted in the removal of most of it, once it has been used and therefore contaminated. The previous requires that the civil engineer took into account some elements that allow them through studies and specialized satisfy effective and sustainable manner the need to have water service, providing it uninterruptedly, in quantity ...

Executive Project Summary – Malawi Wind Farm

Market Summary Malawi has an electricity production of 2,180 MWh and a consumption of 2,027 MWh. The 95% of the electricity generation comes from hydroelectric sources giving to the high country risks of supply shortages in adverse weather conditions when the water level of the hydroelectric plants is below the technical specifications of the turbines. The country has no other important source of energy having the country the necessity to develop new energy sources different to the hydroelectricity. The surroundings of the Malawi Lake develop winds over the 10 m/s average per year, opening the opportunity to ...

Summary

While all the components of a brake system are important, it is imperative to acknowledge that some components play significant roles in the system as compared to others. One such component is the brake pad. In most cases, the brake pad is referred to as the friction material. It is responsible for generating the friction which opposed the movement of the wheel thus causing a stop to the movement of the automotive. This report is aimed at selecting a section or component of the brake system and presents its modification. As a consequence, the report highlights and discusses the ...

Introduction

When a ball rolls off a table, gravity will act on it and pull it down towards the ground. While the ball is rolling over the table, it has an initial velocity that is horizontal in direction before it leaves the table. As it leaves the table and gravity starts acting on the ball, it will follow a parabolic trajectory as shown in the following figure. Figure 1 : Ball Rolling Off a Table Path of Motion The first problem is how to find where the ball will bounce off the ground the first time. The second problem is ...

Introduction

Track and field is a set of games in various levels that includes games such as long distance running, sprint, javelin throw and shot put. The history of these games is believed to have originated from Greece (Weebly). In these games, there are several concepts of physics that are applied with the most notable ones being speed, force, kinetic/potential energy, acceleration, friction and momentum.

Speed

This can be defined as the act of moving fast or in a swift manner. The equation is given by Speed = Distance travelled/Time. If one is running on a track during a competition, it is ...

Introduction

The experiment was conducted to examine the validity of Bernoulli’s Principle as applied to the flow of water in a tapering circular duct. It employed the use of Bernoulli’s Theorem Demonstration Apparatus, hydraulics bench and a stopwatch to gather relevant data. The volume of water was measured and its flow was timed using the stopwatch. The two values were used to calculate the flow rate of the fluid. Additionally, the manometer readings were collected and used to compute the velocity of the fluid at each tapping position. The values were used to calculate the theoretical velocity head ...

Question #8

Angular momentum refers to the resistance of a rotating body to change its spin rate or direction of spin. Angular momentum can be determined by the product of the moment of inertia and the angular velocity, or by the cross product of the moment arm and the product of the mass and velocity vector of the body (Sellers 2004, 112-113). For this particular problem, we will use the latter to determine the angular momentum. H=R×mV H=0.5 m×0.25 kg2 ms H=0.25 kg∙m2s Since angular momentum is conserved, the angular momentum of the system every point in time ...

The heat was intense. The orange light shone on the desert, drying up the remaining puddles of water into vapour, rising into the atmosphere. A lizard crawled slowly, almost dying, parched and with a hide so leather like, one would think it was crisp fried. Slowly, I heard the intense ringing of the siren. Waaang waaaang waaang. It was time to get inside our shelters. The shelters were not made of concrete. Unlike the olden days, concrete was the material of choice. All buildings were once made from stone, from cement mixed with water to form hard solid blocks. ...

Introduction

Energy is a key driver of any nation’s economy. The extent to which it contributes to the performance of all activities surrounding the human life is beyond measure. This is because energy contributes almost fully to the economic development of the economy. In its physical form, energy is classified either as renewable or non-renewable. Renewable energy forms the green energy that can be reused again and is less toxic to the environment. On the other hand, non-renewable energy is exploited once it’s used and mostly pollutes the environment. All this energy forms can be either used directly ...

A brake is a device that produces artificial resistance to the moving part of a machine to stop or slow down its motion. Any machine or its part that is in motion possesses kinetic energy. As per physical laws, energy cannot be destroyed; its form can only be transformed. The brake system converts the kinetic energy of the moving machine or part into thermal, potential or chemical energy. Brake systems are of various types utilized in different applications in industries, home appliances, vehicles, railway trains, and other sectors. This paper has focused on the brake systems used in vehicles, ...

Engineering

Retrus, Maimane and Mosoallbisi (2014) agree that mechanical energy is the total sum of Kinetic and Potential energies. Kinetic energy is the energy possessed by an object because of its movement. Potential energy on the other hand is that energy which is stored by an object as a result of its position. There are two types of potential energy, elastic and gravitational and the one present in a swing and pendulum is gravitational potential energy. Its presence is because neither of them has a spring to produce elastic potential energy and they both work in accordance with the laws ...

Introduction

The fundamental process of thermal power plants is based on the conversion of thermal energy into mechanical energy and, subsequently, into electric power, using steam as the working fluid. According to the U.S. Energy Information System, over 67% of the electrical energy in the United States is generated through thermoelectric power plants, which use the combustion of fossil fuels such as natural gas, coal and petroleum to generate the steam necessary for the process; moreover, thermoelectric power generation accounts for an approximate 80% of all the power generation worldwide. Thus, the electricity consumed in most homes and industries is ...

Energy storage space is accomplished by devices or physical media that store energy to perform useful procedures later. A system that stores energy is sometimes called an accumulator.

All types energy exist as either prospective energy for example substance, gravitational, power, temperature differential and hidden warm or kinetic energy basically strength (Galbraith 1). Some technological innovation offer only short-term energy storage space and others can be very long-term such as ability to gas using hydrogen or methane and the storage space of cool or warm between opposite periods in deep aquifers or foundation.

Energy storage space became a prominent aspect ...

Kinetic theory of matter tries to explain all molecules in terms of motion. The theory posits that every substance consists of many small particles referred to as molecules. Substances in this case are called matter and are in three forms; solids, liquids, and gases. Solids have molecules that are closer to each other by intermolecular forces. Liquids on the other hand have molecules slightly far apart with gases the furthest apart. Furthermore, according to this theory all the molecules are in constant random motion referred to as Brownian motion (Chang, 2004).

The study of heat relates to kinetic theory ...

Energy is the ability to produce change in a system. It can easily be converted from one form to another. The process of changing one form of energy to another is called energy conversion (Sorensen, 2007). This paper is therefore devoted to the analysis of how energy can be converted from one form to another. Also, it presents a clear elaboration on what fossil fuels are and why they are becoming attractive energy sources.

Three different ways can be used to explain energy conversion. Energy can be converted through action of forces, when atoms emit or absorb photons of light, and ...

Introduction

The purpose of this experiment was to observe collisions between two carts, measure energy changes and classify the collisions. It was hypothesized the momentum would be conserved during the collisions.

- Consider a head on collision between two billiard balls. One is initially at rest and the other moves towards it. Sketch a position vs. time graph for each ball, starting with the time before the collision and ending a shot time afterward Before collision, ball 2 moves with a constant velocity towards ball 1. Therefore, its position changes with time while the position of ball 1 does not change. After elastic ...

Methods of Heat Transfer

Conduction The first method through which heat is transferred from one object to another is conduction. Conduction occurs in liquids and solids through transfer of kinetic energy present in one particle to the immediate particle(s) in its surrounding. By considering the bonds existing between atoms and molecules in solids as elastic links, the vibration of one particle due to increase energy level caused by heat, the next in its line vibrate too. This process is replicated in adjacent particles thereby allowing transfer of thermal energy from a body with a higher temperature as compared to the one with low ...

Ryan Gleason

Salem Almansoori Introduction Ballistic pendulum as illustrated in Figure 1 below is a classical method of measuring the speed of bullets. This technique, which is commonly used in investigation of bullet speeds, relies heavily on the basic laws of conservation in physics. Figure 1 Ballistic Pendulum Set-up Figure 2 illustrates how the experiment is executed chronologically from the time the ‘bullet’ is launched to the time it ceases travelling at the maximum angular displacement. In the illustration, the bullet of mass, m and initial velocity, v hits a stationary pendulum cup and it is embedded in it ...

A collision refers to a physical situation where kinetic energy of momentum of an object is transferred from an object to the other one. In physics, collisions are classified as either elastic or inelastic. Conservation laws; energy conservation and momentum conservation are important tools in the analysis of collisions. Various literatures and experimental studies have confirmed that it is difficult to assess the interaction of bodies during collision. Therefore, main objective of this work is to demonstrate to relate the various parameters such as velocities and masses of the system using the principle of conservation of energy and momentum.

The momentum of an object of mass, m and velocity, v is represented mathematically as shown below:

momentum, ...

Introduction and Theory

The main aim of this experiment is to investigate energy and momentum conservation in a closed system. Momentum and energy conservation principles are significant physical variables that engineers use when describing various physical phenomenon. Momentum of a body is a vector quantity, which is given by the product of its velocity and mass. In collision theory, the momentum of the body is always conserved when two bodies collide. The principle of momentum conservation applies to both elastic and inelastic conservation irrespective of the dynamic interaction between the two objects. This report demonstrates the application of momentum equation in determination of motion parameters ( ...

Introduction

A wind turbine is a device that uses the kinetic energy derived from wind to create mechanical energy. This simply means the wind’s force pushes the blade into motion. Different wind turbines have different ways of extracting wind energy like most machines. Aerodynamics, on the other hand, simply refers to the flow of air about a body. This makes aerodynamics to be a critical aspect of wind turbines as this flow of air about the turbines is what determines its power output. This paper focuses on the aerodynamic behavior of wind turbines (Hansen 21). Calculation of forces acting on a body ...

Research analysis indicates that hydraulic jumps may occur in places like rivers and any other fast flowing liquid channels. They occur when liquids with a high rate of kinetic energy are slowed down immediately leading to its format. These hydraulic jumps can happen in in places like waterfalls and also in fast flowing cataracts. According to Bonn 2009, a hydraulic jump occurs in open channel flows which include spillways and rivers. A high velocity of liquid discharges into a lower velocity zone and an immediate rise occurs on the surface of the fluid. An immediate slowdown of the rapidly flowing liquid occurs ...

Executive Summary 3

Introduction 3

Analysis and Results 6 Discussion of Results 8 Conclusion 8

Appendix 9

Executive Summary In this lab, we will investigate an open-channel flow (flow down a channel with a free-surface, i.e. not confined by a rigid surface as would be the case with a pipe flow). You will get a chance to look at this flow analytically using the conservation equations (mass, linear momentum and energy), but the lab will focus on the observational evidence. You will be introduced to the hydraulic phenomenon known as hydraulic jump – the sudden transition from a higher energy state to a lower energy state constrained by the ...

Introduction

Enzymes are proteins which have the ability to facilitate metabolic reactions without being used up in the reaction. The enzyme amylase is responsible for facilitating the hydrolysis of starch to form sugars that are then assimilated by the body. Amylase is an enzyme needed for the digestion of carbohydrates for nutritional purposes. Starch is one of the most important sources of energy in the body. Starch is a polymer made up of several monosaccharide and disaccharide monomers. However, starch cannot be absorbed and used in the body as it is (Cornish-Bowden, 134). Consequently, it has to be digested into smaller ...

TA’s Name Objective of Section The experiment was aimed at investigating collision in two dimensions. The study sort to check whether the recorded energy after the collision is equal to the theoretical figure as well as calculating the discrepancy realized.

Experimental Data

Data Analysis In two dimension collision, the momentum and kinetic energy before and after collision should be equal. The law of conservation of energy stipulates that the energy before and after collision should be equal, especially if there was no lost energy. However, in reality, some energy is converted into other forms of energy, hence ...

Fluid Mechanics is a branch of engineering study and it deals with various properties of fluids. In our daily life we use various types of fluids. Most of the fluids are readily available and have some excellent properties. Significance of Fluid mechanics is to know how the fluids and its various properties can be used in our daily life. This part of engineering is integral part of main stream engineering like Civil Engineering, Mechanical Engineering as well as Chemical Engineering as these brunches of engineering often deals with fluid. In this essay various aspects of fluid mechanics and its application ...

Authors’ Name:

The portability of the wind energy has been until recently, a major knock. However, the energy niche is quickly growing with development as small portable wind turbine generators (Kleinschmidt, 2008). The gadget is a wind power harnessing device that is small enough or can be taken down, packed up and moved with easily. The generator is powerful enough to provide energy for charging smartphones and other USB devices (Kleinschmidt, 2008). The operation principle for portable wind turbine generator is less the same that of large wind turbine generator. The device comprises of a drive train that has the main shaft, a hub, ...

Braking systems are mechanical devices that have been developed with the purpose to slow, stop or prevent motion. They are present on the virtually all moving devices including automobiles and trains. Brakes operate through different mechanisms and some brakes may actually be complex systems that are made of up more than one type of braking device with some automobiles carrying redundant systems. The choice about what kind of brake should be used on answering two questions. The first is about determining the physical energy transfer method that is the best for the application. The second is about determining which ...

Lab partner's name:

TA’s name: Section no Objective: Purpose of this experiment was to perceive that momentum is always conserved in absence of net external force acting on the system as well as energy is conserved only sometimes in different collisions.

Data:

Experimental data and parameters calculated from the experimental data have been put in Table -1. The entire table has not fitted in this paper due to large number of columns. So, data in last two parts of the table should be read in conjunction with the data of first part of the table.

Data analysis

Part ...

Lab partner's name:

TA’s name: Section no Objective: Purpose of this experiment was to check conservation of energy in three simple mechanical systems namely swinging pendulum, oscillating mass on a spring and basketball shot.

Data:

Following is the table of experimental data for Swinging Pendulum system

Following graphs have been obtained from above experimental data.

Graph -1: Kinetic energy vs Vertical Direction Graph -2: ME.PE,KE vs time Following is the graph of experimental data for Oscillating spring-mass system Graph -3: ME.PE,KE vs time Following is the table of experimental data for Basketball shot

Following graphs were obtained from above experimental data.

Graph -4: ME.PE,KE vs time ...

Introduction

Physics as one of the primary disciplines of science finds many applications in the modern world. Some of the most common processes and activities that people take part in involve concepts of physics. In fact, physics is not only involved in some activities but it actually makes these activities possible to participate or take part in. One activity that does not receive much attention but which incorporates an enormous application of physics is rock climbing. Physics essentially makes rock climbing possible. As an activity, rock climbing is usually the reserve of a few people who are obsessed with challenges, ...

Introduction:

The report seeks to explore the production and utilization of nuclear energy, a form of energy that is produced through a series of chemical reactions involving the atomic nuclei. In 1896, three scientists, Henrie Becquerel, Pierre Currie and Marie Curie, discovered the radioactivity in uranium salts and further pursued the experiments, and they separated radium, the highly radioactive component (Healey 37). With advanced research, the atom came to be well defined. The terms alpha, beta and gamma decay, came into existence; that is, the release of energy when the nucleus releases neutrons and electrons in the form of electromagnetic radiation. ...

Abstract

Generation of electricity using turbine technology is very popular around the globe since most of the processes such as hydro energy are clean and renewable. Additionally, some do not pose a huge threat in human life and the environment. The traditional method of using turbine technology is very popular and wanted in many countries due to the economical cost of building and maintaining the generation plant. Additionally, the turbine technology is more efficient. This is because it can employ a number of fossil fuels, water, geothermal energy or wind to generate electricity. Hence, the country has a greater variety to choose from ...

Around the world, the United States Army is one of the strongest war forces. They face many instances of war because many countries see the United States as the “world power” in the economical and political arena. As such, the country needed to create an army that would stand up to any other country in time of war. The United States faced threats from all over the world because of their role as a member of the United Nations group of allies. From as early as 1917, the United States improved on their weaponry and formed one of the most ...

Omer Bese

Supervised Asst. Prof. Fusun Tut Haklidir

Energy Systems Enginering

Istanbul Bilgi University 2014

LIST OF FIGURES

LIST OF TABLES LIST OF SYMBOLS/ABBREVIATIONS 1. Introduction 3 1.1. Goal of the Study 3 1.2. Renewable Energy Sources 3 1.3. Geothermal Energy 3 1.3.1. What is Geothermal Energy? 3 1.3.2 Geothermal Reservoirs 4 1.3.3 Present Status of Geothermal Energy 7 1.4 Geothermal Applications around the World 7 1.4.1Geothermal Applications in Turkey 8

Flash steam power plants 10

Single Flash 10 Double Flash 11 Triple Flash 11 Binary Steam Power Plants 11 Binary Cycle Types and Differences 11 ...

- The Causes of Global Warming Global Warming has always been an issue of debate, with environmentalists vehemently raising their voice against it. The main reason cited for global warming by researchers is the emission of greenhouse gases largely because of ever-increasing population and related changes in standard of living (Derek Markham, 2009). The main greenhouse gases causing this effect are carbon dioxide, Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and methane (WMO, 2011). These are caused mainly by burning of fossil fuels such as coal, oil and natural gases for generation of electricity, running vehicles, warming and other industrial processes. - ...

Introduction

In any collision, where the system is not subject to external forces, linear momentum will be conserved. In case the collision is elastic, kinetic energy will also be conserved. In this experiment, two steel balls were made to collide momentarily, and the projection of their 2D collision dynamics was recorded for analysis. The vectors measured using the carbon paper, are related to the momenta of the balls before and after collision. These were used in the respective equations to verify linear momentum conservation and elastic collision, i.e. kinetic energy conservation.

Data Analysis

Sample Calculations xi = 67 cm; xt’ = 61.5 cm; ...

Introduction

Fluid mechanics can be described as the application of laws of force to the concept of motion of fluids. The mechanically produced force is used to move a fluid form through a designated routed in order to perform a certain operation. This paper focuses on the centrifugal pump as an equipment that generates the force require to move a fluid through a route in relation to the monitoring and measuring fluid behavior. The centrifugal pump is one of the widely used equipments in hydraulic systems. They operate on the centrifugal force principle. The principle requires that a force be created by a rotating object in ...

<Student’s name> <Professor’s name>

Introduction A hybrid car is a car used to drive the drive wheels more than one source of energy. Modern car manufacturers often resort to sharing of the internal combustion engine and an electric motor, which avoids the mode of the internal combustion engine in low loads, and also to realize the recovery of kinetic energy, increasing the fuel efficiency of the power plant. Another common type of hybrids is vehicles, in which ICE is combined with engines running on compressed air.

It should be distinguished from hybrids vehicles with electro-mechanical transmission, such as locomotives, some tractors and tanks.

As it written in the Analysis of ...

<Student’s name> <Professor’s name>

Introduction Since the 90s of last century, the European Union as a whole and each of the participating countries have begun to implement various initiatives in the area of ​​climate change. In early 2000, the Commission launches the European Climate Change Programme (ECCP), in which collaboration has been initiated with the industries, organizations for the protection of the environment and other concerned agencies. The purpose of co-operation - identify cost-effective measures to reduce CO2 emissions into the atmosphere.

Why it is Important to Reduce CO2 Emissions?

There are real indications that human activity contributes to the accumulation of " ...

TORSION LABORATORY

Objective The objective of this experiment was to determine the relationship between load and angular deflection of a mild steel bar, the maximum shear stress applied to the bar and its modulus of rigidity.

Apparatus

- Torsion test rig - Weight hangers - Masses - Rule - Calipers

Procedure

- A distance L was set between two angle indicators. Then the fixings were tightened to make sure that it was not moving. The indicators were set to zero on both the scales. - The effective radius of the pulley and the diameter of the steel shaft ...

Introduction

The activities that take place in a living organism are mainly controlled through the use of enzymes. Enzyme refers to a molecule that is protein in nature and functions as a catalyst to speed up the rate of a given reaction. An enzyme as a protein molecule has three main characteristics. First, an enzyme has its basic function is as to increase the reaction rate and this makes most of the cellular reactions occur more than million times that they would have if the enzyme was absent. Second, almost all enzymes act in a specific manner with only one substrate in order to produce the ...

Abstract

This paper discusses and answers the questions related to the laws of thermodynamics, differences between potential energy and kinetic energy, and differences between overall efficiency and efficiency of a light bulb. Current knowledge regarding thermodynamics has been applied to answer these questions with help of online resources. 1) How are the laws of thermodynamics an important consideration when trying to make the most efficient mechanical machines to do work (such as create light)? A) The Zeroth law of thermodynamics is the fundamental law of physics, which suggests that if two bodies are in thermal equilibrium, and one ...

Most shooting incidents in trailer and action movies portray a backward displacement of the victim (sometimes violent) over a large distance. Real life witnesses however may not give a similar account of the event. Viewers may also be skeptical on the way the incident is portrayed in movies. The effect of the bullet on the target can however be calculated from simple concepts in physics given the right or (reasonably approximated) quantities. The main concepts are those of momentum and energy conservation. Firearms such as guns are meant to deliver destructive energy to the target with minimal energy input by the ...

Introduction

Most of the renewable energy experts in the world pay more attention to wind energy. Wind energy which is referred to as kinetic energy is converted to electricity power which can be used to power homes and businesses. ( Morthorst, G & Poul, E. 2002). One of the equipments which can be used to convert kinetic energy from wind to electricity is wind turbine. It can be made in various designs which include horizontal and vertical axis wind turbines. The most common design is the horizontal wind turbine. A wind turbine can be referred to by several names depending on ...

- Analysis

actual mass. Fig.1-1 Schematic Diagram : Spring-Mass-Pulley system

In this derivation, the following variables are defined and used, according to Fig.1-1:

k : Spring stiffness

Ms : Mass of the Spring

M : Mass of the Body

Ms : Mass of the Pulley, which includes Mass of the spring

g : Gravity Acceleration

T : Tensile Force in the Rope

1.1 The natural frequency of free vibration of the assembled system :

Equilibrium at the body:

(1)

Equilibrium at the Pulley:

(2)

Meanwhile, the body moves twice as fast as the pulley, which means:

(3)

Substituting (3) into (1) :

(4)

Substituting (4) into (2) :

(5)

At this stage, the natural frequency of this system is assumed as follows:

: Angular Velocity of the Vibration

Then the motion of the pulley is described as follows:

(6)

General solution becomes,

(7)

When mass of the pulley is included in mass of the spring, or when mass of the pulley is

neglected, (8) 1.2 When a body is simply suspended from a spring:

Eq (2) becomes,

(9)

And eq (3) becomes,

(10)

Substituting (10) into (1) :

(11)

Substituting (11) into (9) :

(12)

Then the motion of the pulley is described as follows:

(13)

General solution becomes,

(14)

In this case, because there is no pulleys,

(15) 1.3 Equivalent Concentrated Mass of Spring

When one end of a spring is stationary and the other end moves, the equivalent mass of

the spring concentrated at the moving end is one-third of the actual spring mass.

Show that the effective mass of a spring is 1/3 its actual mass

Body with mass (M) is suspended by a spring with ...

Abstract

The universe contains 100 billion galaxies. Each of these galaxies has billions of stars, great gas and dust clouds with others having scads of moons and planets. The stars release an abundance of energy either from radio waves, X-rays or from other forms of energy that run at a speed of light across the universe. However, all that can be seen is like the tip of the cosmic iceberg and accounts for a small portion of the total energy and mass in the universe. About one-quarter portion of the universe is made up of dark matter that does not release any ...

This experiment involved the measurement of temperature of a sample of water being heated at 30 seconds intervals. One real world application of the experiment is that it can be used for distinguishing between pure and impure water. There are certain terms such as melting point, boiling point, physical change, chemical change, physical property, chemical property, intensive property, extensive property and temperature that are overly important to this experiment hence an understanding of the difference in the meanings of these words is of essence. While melting point is the temperature point at which a solid substance changes to liquid, Boiling point ...

Heat and Temperature

The transfer of energy from a high temperature body to a lower temperature body is known as heat. Heat travels in form of waves and like any other form of energy it has the potential to bring change into the matter it contacts. This process is usually accompanied by the transfer of entropy, the energy per unit temperature that goes unused. Heat transfer is usually generated by three types of thermal interaction, mainly, conduction, convection and radiation. Conduction is mostly related to the transfer of heat in solids, wherein the materials are in direct contact with each other and the heat ...

Assignment 1

Energy refers to the ability to produce changes in a given system and it exists in different forms, but it is broadly categorized into two major forms which are Kinetic energy and Potential energy. It is further grouped into many other forms that include; heat energy, light energy, mechanical energy, sound energy and geothermal energy. Energy is converted from a given form to another depending on the energy needs of the user. This transformation simply implies conversion of energy from one state to another, which may occur naturally or it can be manipulated using various energy-consuming machines. In scientific terms, a device ...

All matter contains one form of energy or another. Matter by definition is anything that occupies space and has weight (Nave, 2012). According to Nave, all matter, when subjected to act by an external force changes from one form of energy to another. Kinetic energy is defined as the energy possessed by a body in motion (Nave). A body is termed as having potential energy by virtue of its motion (Niemi, 2000; Marjanovic & Milkovic, 2010; Jones, 2012). Take for example, a boy with a huge ball (mass m) at the top of a hill (see figure below). While the ball is ...

Table of Contents 1.0 Introduction 3 2.0 Basic Components of a Jet Engine 3 2.2 Compressor 3 2.3 Combustor 4 2.4 Turbine 4 2.5 Exhaust Nozzle 4 3.0 Classification of Jet Engines 4 3.1 Turbojet engines 5 3.2 Turboprop Engines 6 3.3 Turbofan Engines 6 3.4 Turboshaft Engines 7 4.0 Creation of Thrust in a Jet Engine 7 5.0 Conclusion 9 6.0 References 10

1.0 Introduction According to Hunecke (1997), jet engines ...

Introduction

The photoelectric effect can be defined as an ejection or emission of electrons a metallic surface as a response to a light incident. Energy within an incident light is taken in by electrons inside the metallic surface. This provides the electrons with the necessary to be emitted from the metal’s surface. There have been many discoveries by many scientists such as Einstein and Maxwell who have identified different experiments of justifying the photoelectric effect. This experiment is the simplest and most convincing and direct proof of the photons existence as well as electromagnetic radiation and light’s ‘corpuscular’ nature. Therefore, this ...

Environmental Science Unit #3

Law of Conservation

The law of conservation describes the way that energy is not lost or created but cycled through the energy system. That means that energy moves in a closed system unless energy is added or subtracted. Even though energy moves through a closed system it can be converted from one type of energy into a different type of energy. Kinetic energy is the amount of energy minus the potential energy. When a car sits at the top of a hill there is potential energy present, when the car gets shoved down the hill that is kinetic energy. Both geothermal and coal can ...

Ludwig Boltzmann was an Australian physicist who is well known in the world of physics and Chemistry. The main fields that make him a well known person in the field of science are the molecular motion of particles in which he proposes that molecules must have thermal energy on top of other forms of energy for them to move (Klein 45). He contributed immensely in statistical mechanical physics and statistical thermodynamics. By evaluating amount of energy in molecular bodies, his influence stretched further to cover molecular chemistry. One of the most remembered and significant theory is the H-Theorem. The ...

Basic Modules of Gas Turbine High Bypass Engine

Air Inlet Section: As shown in figure 5, the air inlet section is the most forward section of the engine. This section forms the air inlet for the engine and houses the inlet guide vanes. The purpose of the vanes is to direct the incoming air at the proper angle to the first fan stage. The vane at the bottom of the air inlet is thicker than the others in order to accommodate engine tubing. As indicated in figure 6, the no. 1 bearing support assembly is mounted in the center of the compressor inlet case. Behind the front ...

The law of conservation of momentum states that the total linear momentum of a system remains constant. Bodies under collisions exert equal and opposite forces, however, in the absence of external forces, their change in momentum is equal and opposite. There are two types of collisions: elastic and inelastic collisions. In elastic collisions, both the total kinetic energy and momentum of the colliding bodies is conserved. On the other hand, only momentum is conserved in inelastic collisions. In the latter, bodies fuse together after collision (Wilson and Hernandez 129). The experiment investigates the conversation of linear momentum in an ...