Essays on Torque

Introduction

The purpose of this project is to outline a framework to ensure the sustainability of UK aircraft carrier. It outlines some of the challenges that face the industry. Additionally, it presents a framework which can be used to address these challenges. The project also highlights a measurement regime which can be used to assess the proposed framework. Mainstream media have repetitively documented the impact of seaway transport and their eco-efficiency concerning a sustainable future. By minimizing operation and manufacturing impacts, airbus aims at optimizing their services and product towards an eco-efficient technology to minimize their environmental impact. Throughout the ...

Three phase induction motors

Introduction The three-phase induction machine is the most widely used among the rotating machines. An induction machine offers an almost constant speed within its normal operating range when operated off a constant-voltage, constant-frequency, and with the electric power source. The cost of purchasing these machines is very low, and they require little maintenance. However, speed control is difficult and very expensive. Therefore, the rotor current of the three phase induction motors is not induced by electrical connections, but rather the rotation of magnetic field.

Squirrel Cage Rotor construction

The rotor type of the motor is made up of a laminated core which is ...

Abstract

This lab study was undertaken to analyze the effects of torque forces and shear modulus of rigidity on three circular solids namely, half-hard brass (60% Cu and 40% Zn), 0.1% and 0.4% carbon steel. This was done by subjecting the samples to a shearing stress and by noting down its angular displacement. The maximum torque of each sample was calculated and compared. Their polar moment of inertia was also calculated to assist in analysis. The value of shear modulus of rigidity of each of the samples was determined using a graph which related torque and angular displacement. It was ...

While sustainable development means meeting the needs of the present and future generations, and a focus on prevention of environmental degradation, several factors influence the attainment of these goals, specifically culture and organizations. Sustainable development as a concept first appeared in the Brundtland Report of the World Commission on Economic Development (Buchanan 29). The Brundtland Commission was established in 1985 to address environmental problems due to economic development. Atmospheric pollution, climate change and global warming, accumulated wetlands, decreased freshwater quality, topsoil degradation, endangered species of animals and fishes, and forest degradation were environmental concerns discussed in the Brundtland Commission ( ...

VOLKSWAGEN CASE STUDY

Executive summary: Volkswagen is the leading manufacturer of car products. This company holds Volkswagen group and produced a variety of models. Recently, Volkswagen has been involved in the emission scandals of their equipped vehicles. The company vehicles are equipped with software that was cheating on emission tests. Hence, Volkswagen is the top selling brand of Volkswagen group. Since 1975 the company has been treated as world largest automaker in the world. Volkswagen has the most cars of the automobile manufacturer which has multiple revisions of model names. In this, the crisis management of the Volkswagen emission scandal has been ...

The overhead football throw is one of the most popular sports movements amongst young males in America. It is an overhead throw with a football, which quarterbacks make when they throw the ball, usually for a great distance. Due to the shape of the ball, it should also have a particular twisting pattern so that the throw may be more accurate and fast. The main joints involved are the elbow and the shoulder, so it is important to take them into account when discussing the motion’s biomechanics. The starting position of the movement is simply standing up, with ...

Background

The past several years have been graced with an increase in the production and use of hybrid cars. Numerous automobile companies are exploring and introducing hybrid electric vehicles to the market, with several other companies to follows soon given the demand. It is imperative to outline that the introduction and the fast embrace and use of hybrid electric cars over the past few decades have been stimulated by several factors. Apart from the increasing demand for hybrid cars based on their advantages, the increase in production of these vehicles has been stimulated by the declining fuel reserves and concerns ...

Summary

While all the components of a brake system are important, it is imperative to acknowledge that some components play significant roles in the system as compared to others. One such component is the brake pad. In most cases, the brake pad is referred to as the friction material. It is responsible for generating the friction which opposed the movement of the wheel thus causing a stop to the movement of the automotive. This report is aimed at selecting a section or component of the brake system and presents its modification. As a consequence, the report highlights and discusses the ...

Fuel Cell Technologies in Passenger Cars

Fuel Cell Technology The last decade is characterized by the rapid development of research activity in the field of fuel cells, thus, creating the conditions for their uptake in electric systems. The basic fuel cells’ operating principle has been known for 150 years. However, a variety of technical and financial problems had kept them on the margins of technological applications (Brandon & Hart, 1999). The basic difference between a fuel cell and batteries is that while batteries store energy, fuel cells directly convert a fuel’s chemical energy into electricity by an electrochemical reaction (i.e. Without requiring combustion or movement ...

[Subject/Course] [Submission Date]

Background With particular focus on Dewar’s book, A Savage Factory, this report examines how the failure in manipulating various organizational behavior principles in the right manner can lead to massive mistakes and the ultimate collapse of the organization. It is the memoir of Robert J. Dewar who has worked at Ford Motor Company, one of the biggest automotive companies in the world. This report aims to summarize the history of workers and managers and their attitude towards work. The workers and managers discussed were mainly responsible for controlling the quality of the products and sale ...

Reflections about Transaxle transmission

Source: “Automatic transmissions and transaxles” This paper gives my reflection, that is, my understanding of Transaxle transmissions. Transaxle, which is also known as Continuous Variable Transmission (CVT) is the type of automatic transmission responsible for improved performance by supporting better fuel consumption and allowing for the smoother driving experience. Types of CVT engines include Reeves drive or Variable-diameter pulley (VDP), Magnetic CVT, Hydrostatic CVT, Roller-based CVT among others. In most of the vehicles we have today, the most used type of CVT is the VDP. Unlike the ‘traditional’ automatic transmissions, CVT changes gear ratio without someone hearing or feeling ...

Reflection for Automotive Engines

Reflection about Reassemble short block • The first and foremost step while fitting a short block is always to insert the crankshaft. I was very careful not to forget to insert the oil seal washer as it would mean re-doing the fitting a fresh. Of course, I filled both the oil seal washer and the bearing along the crankshaft to let that component go in. • Next is to inspect the clearance of the center main bearing. I used a strip of steel gauge across the main journal’s center. After which I installed the bearing cap. The bolts were then ...

Introduction

Control systems are not complete without the installation of actuators. Actuators are the mechanisms which are used by the control system to achieve a process or a function. They are responsible for the motion or control mechanisms which are used by the control system to accomplish their defined operations of functions. Actuators are used to convert the electrical signal from the control system to mechanical movement or motion which then accomplished a desired task or function (Bart et al., 2013).There are different types of actuators used in control systems. The type of actuators used in control systems depend ...

Abstract

A rotary engine is one of the ancient internal-combustion engines ever used. These type of engines were designed with an odd number of cylinder per row in a radial configuration. The crack shaft remained stationary throughout the operation. One advantage of this kind of engine is that it is a simple engine that utilizes less moving components. On the other hand, a piston engine or a reciprocating engine is a heat engine that uses one or several reciprocating pistons. The piston engine converts pressure into a rotating motion. A piston engine has the capability to seal the gap in ...

A brake is a device that produces artificial resistance to the moving part of a machine to stop or slow down its motion. Any machine or its part that is in motion possesses kinetic energy. As per physical laws, energy cannot be destroyed; its form can only be transformed. The brake system converts the kinetic energy of the moving machine or part into thermal, potential or chemical energy. Brake systems are of various types utilized in different applications in industries, home appliances, vehicles, railway trains, and other sectors. This paper has focused on the brake systems used in vehicles, ...

Abstract

This paper analyzes the importance of generator synchronization to the power grid, the required conditions to perform this procedure and the consequences of imprecise synchronization. For a generator to be synchronized to a grid, the voltage magnitude, frequency, phase sequence and phase angle must match. Manual synchronization depends on an operator to modify generator voltage and frequency, confirm phase sequences of generator and grid, and monitor phase angle difference to timely initiate breaker closure. Automatic synchronizers perform all these function through a computerized system that consists of complex algorithms and control systems, and are categorized in phase lock type ...

Abstract

Permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSM) are a type of motors that have permanent magnets mounted on the rotors instead of the rotor windings. This particular design gives the motor a few advantages over ordinary induction synchronous motors. The magnets attached to the rotor do not require excitation, which reduces the power consumption in PMSM. This gives the motor high operational efficiency and reduces the motor active diameter. PMSM are therefore associated with applications that require high torque but have limited operation space. The permanent magnets suffer from flux leakage and are therefore aligned in a pattern that minimizes flux ...

An automotive engine is a propulsion system responsible for moving automobiles from one place to another. An engine converts energy from a fuel or a battery to the mechanical energy used to spin the wheels, thus setting a vehicle in motion. There are different types of engines used in the automotive industry today. These include internal combustion engines and electricity driven vehicles. The internal combustion engines burn fuels such as petrol, diesel, natural gas or propane. Electric engines are fitted with electromagnetic motors that are powered by electric currents from storage batteries on the vehicle. The sole purpose of ...

Abstract

This article is about two types of engines; the rotary engine and the piston engine. It examines the differences between the two types of engines and their different areas of application. This refers to the specific cars where the two types are used, as well as the market response with reference to the cars in question. Furthermore, the disadvantages and advantages of the two are closely looked into, where it is determined why the piston engine is most preferred by the auto manufacturers and car enthusiasts. Besides, the article concludes with which engine type is suitable depending on the ...

Medical Equipment: MRI Machine

Over the past few years, technology has advanced significantly in almost all fields. The medical field has witnessed comprehensive technological advancement. It can be attributed to different factors, such as an increase in complicated diseases that call for comprehensive examinations and need for efficiency in medical operation. One of such products of technology in the medical field is the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) machine. The equipment presents a lot of benefits to patients and the overall medical fraternity. MRI technology has advanced rapidly over the past few years. The current paper discusses the significance of MRI machine, the types ...

Pump Application: Building Water Pump

Pumps are devices used to move fluids from one point to another by creating differences in pressure between the two points. Pumps are powered by a prime mover, which can be either a diesel engine or an electric motor. The pump converts the energy supplied by the prime mover to potential energy by pressurizing the fluid it’s pumping. For example, a diesel pump has an engine that converts chemical energy in the fuel to mechanical energy in the form of torque. The torque from the engine is then picked up and transmitted to the pumping mechanism for fluid ...

Lab Report 7

Introduction The electrical motor is the device, which converts electrical energy into the mechanical energy. It is must to analyze the characteristics of electric motor. The electric motor is always considered as the dynamic device, which changes its performance influenced by various factors. It is necessary to analyze the important electrical parameters of the electric motor, in order, to use the electrical motor for the particular applications. The electric motor is used in the applications like pumping, home appliances, lifts, cranes, etc. This report discusses about the construction of the electrical motor, and mainly, it discusses about the ...

Control valves are an important gadget in engineering and the building of structures. Virtually, there are thousands of loops that determine how machines operate. Fundamentally, a valve controls the thermodynamic flow of fluid through regulation of fluid volume and speed. In essence, material flow at every point in the loop is the control using a control valve. In the engineering, there are fluid loops that contain energy transmission fluids, as well as loops containing different materials related to the nature of the end product manufactured. As a matter of fact, besides the structural characteristics that a control valve possesses, there are numerous accessories ...

Cummins Inc. is a corporation that manufactures, designs, and distributes engines, filtrations and power generation products. It is also known to service engines and related equipments which include controls, air handling, fuel systems, emission control and electrical power general systems. On the other hand, Duramax diesel engine was created when Isuzu teamed up with General Motors back in 1988. In 2000, about 1.5 million duramax engines had been built (Cummins.com). Duramax is an engine with a first high- pressure common rail and direct-injection power plant. The creation of Duramax was an improvement of General Motors’ previous indirect-injection diesel. Cummins is ...

Lab partner's name:

TA’s name: Section no Objective: Purpose of this lab experiment was to gain knowledge about rotational motion from an energy viewpoint and to perceive how moment of inertia depends on the rotation axis for a given object. During this experiment a constant torque created a constant angular acceleration for a rigid body rotating about its center of mass.

Experimental Data:

Dimension of steel box = 0.05m x 0.04m. X 0.03m. Mass = 0.442 kg; Hanging mass = 20 g.

Medium Pulley:

1) Long -ways (longer axis): Slope = 27± 0.35 ; Slope indicates angular acceleration i.e. α. ωi = 0.45 rad/sec ϴi = 0.157 rad ...

Miss Brill is a short tale written between 188-1923 by Katherine Mansfield. The story was first published in 1920 and reprinted in the Garden Party and Other Stories. It is a story about a lonely English teacher living alone in a French town next to the Public Gardens. The novel tells us about how she spends her time waking and sitting in the on every Sunday afternoon. As the story begins, Mansfield narrates how Miss Brill chooses to wear her fur, and while in the park, she notices that it is full compared to the last Sunday. When she is joined by a young ...

Introduction

A wide variety of everyday activities involuntarily applies fundamental laws of physics. While fishing, from casting to adding bait, physics is always at work. Even when fish latches on to the bait, it makes use of the water currents to its advantage to get away. Thus, pulling a fish in against the current requires a certain tension on the string to overcome the drag exerted by the fish, a particular tensile strength to ensure the string does not break, etc. The Laws of Motion, Newtonian Mechanics, etc. are continuously at work during fishing. This paper takes an intricate look at the physics ...

Introduction

Reeve Aleutian Airways, Inc., Flight 69, took off from Anchorage Alaska on a scheduled cargo and passenger flight and headed towards Cold Bay on February 16, 1982. The plane was scheduled for intermediate which was a Nihon Y-11A was carrying a total of 33 passengers and 3 crew members. The plane departed from Anchorage at around 0751 Alaskan time and roughly two hours later, the plane made an emergency gear landing at the frozen waters of River Naknek which is just adjacent to the King Salmon Airport in King Salmon (NTSB, 1982). The plane had lost power in both its engines and ...

Introduction

Physics as one of the primary disciplines of science finds many applications in the modern world. Some of the most common processes and activities that people take part in involve concepts of physics. In fact, physics is not only involved in some activities but it actually makes these activities possible to participate or take part in. One activity that does not receive much attention but which incorporates an enormous application of physics is rock climbing. Physics essentially makes rock climbing possible. As an activity, rock climbing is usually the reserve of a few people who are obsessed with challenges, ...

Background

The main objective of the torsion experiment carried out was to determine the relationship between the applied torque and angle of twist for a metal wire of various properties, and compare and contrast. Based on the measured torsional properties of the sample wires one can be able to determine the modulus of rigidity or shear stiffness and material. In turn this properties can be used to accurately identify the material. Below is a set up of the laboratory experiment carried out. Figure 1: Torsion experiment set up

The formula for the applied torque is as shown below:

T=JrGα

Where,

T applied torque G is the material’s shear modulus α ...

Red Bull Racing currently known as Infiniti Red Bull is an Austrian based Formula One Racing team that has its base in Milton Keynes, England. The team is owned and sponsored by the soft drinks manufacturer Red Bull GmbH alongside Scuderia Toro Rosso. The team became the first Austrian team to win the Constructor’s Championship Title. This paper will investigate the historical implication of the Red Bull Racing, its economic issues, social issues, cultural perspectives and the science behind the technology of the motor racing team. These issues will be explored in the context of their implications to ...

INTRODUCTION

Background A car jack is a device that lifts vehicles off the ground so that maintenance and repair can be carried out underneath the car. Available car jacks, however, are manually operated. They require much laborious physical effort on the part of the user. Such jacks present problems for the handicapped and elderly.

Aim of the design

The aim of this study is to deliver a high an efficient car jack to the end user. This project has been motivated by the need to determine whether the introduction of automation and keen material selection in a jack saves time and improves on its performance and ...

Analysis of system diagram

Linear actuators favor movement of an object in an exact straight line. Now let us discuss about the system diagram of a simple molding machine. The simple machine has three linear actuators one being used for opening and closing of mould, the second being used for the barrel movement, the third for injecting polymers. Fig1.1 represents the block diagram of a simple molding machine. As mentioned before, it has three linear actuators. The linear actuator1 as shown in fig1.1 controls the opening and closing of the mould. Once the mould is closed, the barrel can be moved forward or backward. ...

Experiment 11

Introduction: When a body moves in a circle and its angular speed changes, the body experiences an angular acceleration. Torque gives the body an angular acceleration. Rotating a body necessitates to overcome rotational inertia of the body, known as its moment of inertia. In highly symmetrical cases it is feasible to develop formulas for calculating moment of inertia of a body. In this part of the experiment, a constant torque was applied to a circular disk that could rotate on a low friction bearing. The disk span up to a higher angular speed. Object of this experiment was to calculate the disk's angular acceleration and relate it ...

Aims

The main aim of the experiment was to verify the vector cross product and its torque. Other aims were to understand the mathematical model of carrying out the vector cross product and to determine the equilibrium in a system under torque.

Introduction

In the manipulation of vectors through multiplication two kind of products are achieved, the dot product and the cross product. The dot product of a vector is a scalar quantity and hence it only has magnitude. An example of scalar quantity is work done by a force. The cross product of a vector produces a quantity that has both direction and magnitude. ...

Fig 1: NDRC Techniques

Introduction

Non-Disruptive Road Crossings are manuals which outline unifying and standardizing measures of Road Engineering Practices. The significant objective of the project is to enhance the management, planning, design, construction, maintenance, and operation of all roads and related infrastructures to ensure a safe and uniform operational and structural capacity throughout the road network in Dubai. The complexity in road construction and to some point other engineering projects leaves very little to be argued about on their significance with respect to the influence they have on the environment. It is a fact that projects like roads, bridges, and dams ...

Fig 1: NDRC Techniques

Introduction

Non-Disruptive Road Crossings are manuals which outline unifying and standardizing measures of Road Engineering Practices. The significant objective of the project is to enhance the management, planning, design, construction, maintenance, and operation of all roads and related infrastructures to ensure a safe and uniform operational and structural capacity throughout the road network in Dubai. The complexity in road construction and to some point other engineering projects leaves very little to be argued about on their significance with respect to the influence they have on the environment. It is a fact that projects like roads, bridges, and dams ...

Introduction

In the compact luxury sports segment, the main competitors are Mercedes-Benz C class and BMW 3-series. In general, both these models offer “fresh styling and modern, sophisticated interiors” . Both of them have been recently redesigned, and they both offer new four-cylinder engines. Their engines are turbocharged, even in the entry level model, to improve the fuel economy.

The Mercedes C Class uses a 1.8 litre turbocharged engine that has four cylinders and is direct-injected. It delivers 201 horsepower and a 229 pound-feet of torque. In comparison, the BMW 328i has more muscle, as it delivers 240 horsepower and 260 pound-feet of ...

Lab report : Center of gravity

Aim: - Understanding and learning the techniques of determining centre of gravity. - Locate of centre of gravity of different uniform lamina.

Introduction to Lab session:

A common thought has risen to investigate around watching an apple fall to the ground. Newton made massive imaginary toward the motion of the apple, thus developing the concept of gravity. There are four primary forces acting in the world which are gravitational, the electromagnetic, the weak, and the strong. Gravity force might be the most recognized force in our basic life. All objects on the surface have center of gravity which maintain the object ...

<Student’s name> <Professor’s name>

Introduction A hybrid car is a car used to drive the drive wheels more than one source of energy. Modern car manufacturers often resort to sharing of the internal combustion engine and an electric motor, which avoids the mode of the internal combustion engine in low loads, and also to realize the recovery of kinetic energy, increasing the fuel efficiency of the power plant. Another common type of hybrids is vehicles, in which ICE is combined with engines running on compressed air.

It should be distinguished from hybrids vehicles with electro-mechanical transmission, such as locomotives, some tractors and tanks.

As it written in the Analysis of ...

Introduction

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is referred to as a test that makes use of the magnetic field as well as the radio waves in order to produce the pictures of organs of the body. It also produces the structures of the of the body (Pettersson 1998). It has been found out that MRI normally produces pictures of the organ of the body in a very different manner. However, it differs with some techniques such as X-ray, ultrasound or computed tomography. MRI again can produce some problems which might otherwise not be found using other techniques already mentioned. Image quality of MRI ...

TORSION LABORATORY

Objective The objective of this experiment was to determine the relationship between load and angular deflection of a mild steel bar, the maximum shear stress applied to the bar and its modulus of rigidity.

Apparatus

- Torsion test rig - Weight hangers - Masses - Rule - Calipers

Procedure

- A distance L was set between two angle indicators. Then the fixings were tightened to make sure that it was not moving. The indicators were set to zero on both the scales. - The effective radius of the pulley and the diameter of the steel shaft ...

(Course No.) (City & State)

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

This report is important in the development of an information system that will migrate the company’s documentation to the digital platform of information management unlike the conventional paper based management of the company properties. The information system development identifies the various functionalities and their characteristics in reference to the business needs of the company. The system can, however, not be complete without considering the interface elements that define its functionality and usability. As such, the next stage utilizes the human computer interface design principles to deliver the anticipated motive. The help of the ...

Engines that use diesel or gasoline might look similar to an untrained eye. However, diesel engines are much older, and they are mostly used for heavy machinery. On the other hand, gasoline is commonly used in personal vehicles and light machinery. Therefore, both fuels have their own advantages leading us to ask the pertinent question on the best source of fuel. This question arouses different feelings in consumers of diesel and gasoline. The main factors to consider in this case are intended use and price of the type of fuel. In terms of efficiency of function and pricing, diesel ...

Design of a POWER WINCH

Other details

Abstract

Mechanical Engineering forms the backbone of all manufacturing industries. By applying the laws and norms of mechanical design, engineers validate theories formulated by scientists. Unlike the research man, the engineer can only go in for the solution till the extent the same is feasible, not only technically but commercially too. We are now going through the second industrial revolution. In our generation, there has been a complete conversion of engineering to the digital form, thereby making theories and white papers, designs etc. accessible to everyone. The Mechanical Winch or Hoist is a simple device of extraordinary utility. ...

The dream of flying was born more than two thousand years before anyone ever made attempts realizing that dream. The kite was the first invention by human beings to know the skies. The first ever record of kite flying was in China where a Chinese general flew a distance of around two hundred meters in order to survey their enemy's territory. The ideas in flight went on advancing and from the kite the hang gliders arose. It is crucial for one to note that the Wright brothers were responsible for the first ever air borne structure that could carry the weight ...

The growing demand for energy, depletion of petrol, instability of world fuel prices, and the need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions (Cordoş et al. 2011; Pelkmans et al. 2007) has driven the world into the adoption of alternative motor fuels. Pioneered spectacularly in Brazil, Biofuels have been a widely applied alternative, and a subject of most academic interests, especially in the European Union. Biodiesel is environment friendly and locally available. There are efforts to persuade stakeholders to invest in biofuels technology as an indirect way to decrease the use of petrol and diesel in automobiles (Pelkmans et al. 2007). Biofuels are ...

Background

The jeep liberty was inspired from the Dakar and jeepster concept cars; it was intended as a replacement for the discontinued jeep Cherokee (XJ). There were three trim levels that were initially offered; the top end limited, a more rugged looking renegade and the base sport. The liberty was the first of its kind to use two new powerTech engines. It’s tough, capable jeep off road lineage is designed to venture off road a trait not shared by many of other lighter weights, car based sport utility competitors. The diesel utilized a variable geometry turbocharger and generated 160 horsepower and 295lb-ft of ...

Introduction

A boomerang is a curved wood that when thrown comes back to the thrower as a result of asymmetrical lift; one of the underlying principles in aerodynamics. As Mason notes, there are several types of boomerangs; the curved boomerang, the cross stick boomerang, the boomabird, and the tumblestick (7)- all differing in length and the material used in making them and perhaps the purpose. Of the four types of boomerangs mentioned above, the curved boomerang is the most prevalent, and for this reason, it is the one is referred to in this paper. The boomerang was particularly popular with the ...

INTRODUCTION

General overview

Preparation of yoghurt takes place through milk fermentation process with various cultures of bacteria comprising of streptococcus subspecies mixed with lactobacillus delbrueckii subspecies and thermophiles (Barbano, 2009). Basically, yoghurt comes in two types: distilled and set (Augustin et al., 2003). The author further explains there is a difference in the main procedure through which these yogurts are manufactured. In the set yoghurt (inclusive of fruit on the bottom), the formation takes place in retail pots as the fermentation of the lactic acid bacteria proceeds into lactic acid generating a structure of continuous gel in the container of the consumer. ...