Essays on Piston

Advancements in aircraft reciprocating engines

Introduction There is a misconception that because modern aircraft engines built by Lycoming, Continental and other companies have similar look to engines used in general aviation aircrafts of the 1970s, there have been no technological advancements in this field. Even though new engines haven’t changed much by outward appearances, aircraft reciprocating engine technologies have advanced dramatically in past two decades. The overall build quality of engine has greatly improved. Advancements in machining technologies and automatic manufacturing processes made it possible for aircraft engine makers to enhance machine’s durability. Many components of piston engines have been significantly improved, ...

Literature Review

Impact Mitigation

Intelligent locomotive bumper designs have been touted as possible life-savers for pedestrians. Paden, Kelly, Hines, Botham and Simms explored the feasibility of a life-saving locomotive bumper (103). There were several motivations behind their paper. Perhaps the most important one was the high number of pedestrians that were killed every year in train impacts. Between the years 2007 and 2012, about 10,950 non-suicide deaths were attributed to train impact on humans. Including suicide deaths on railroads, 28,800 pedestrians were killed during that 6-year period. Also, Paden et al., noted that passenger trains served densely populated areas ( ...

Q1. A 200mm diameter pipeline divides into two smaller pipelines, one being 100mm in diameter and the other being 150mm in diameter. If the velocity in the 100mm pipe is 0.3m/s and that in the 150mm is 0.6m/s, calculate the flowrate in litres/s and the velocity in m/s in the 200mm pipe. [ 13 l/s, 0.413m/s] Solution: Flow Rate = (pi/4)(0.1)2(0.3) + (pi/4)(0.15)2(0.6) = 0.01296 cubicmeters/sec = 12.96 l/sec. (ans.). Velocity = (Flow Rate)/(Area) = [0.01296]/[(pi/4)(0.1)2] = 0.4125 m/s. Q2. If the specific volume of water is 0.001251 m3 /kg. calculate:

The mass and weight ...

Introduction

Weighing machines have long been used for measuring weights of various objects. The basic principle behind weight measurement is balancing of force due to gravity of an object with some known standard. You could easily find weight of small objects by using standard weighing balances having pair of pans i.e. one carrying the object to be weighed and the other is used to put loads of known weights until machine is balanced. This method cannot be applied on large scales involving heavy machinery, vehicles, or even humans. Another traditional method of weighing involves balancing force of an object due ...

Reflection for Automotive Engines

Reflection about Reassemble short block • The first and foremost step while fitting a short block is always to insert the crankshaft. I was very careful not to forget to insert the oil seal washer as it would mean re-doing the fitting a fresh. Of course, I filled both the oil seal washer and the bearing along the crankshaft to let that component go in. • Next is to inspect the clearance of the center main bearing. I used a strip of steel gauge across the main journal’s center. After which I installed the bearing cap. The bolts were then ...

Introduction

Control systems are not complete without the installation of actuators. Actuators are the mechanisms which are used by the control system to achieve a process or a function. They are responsible for the motion or control mechanisms which are used by the control system to accomplish their defined operations of functions. Actuators are used to convert the electrical signal from the control system to mechanical movement or motion which then accomplished a desired task or function (Bart et al., 2013).There are different types of actuators used in control systems. The type of actuators used in control systems depend ...

Abstract

A rotary engine is one of the ancient internal-combustion engines ever used. These type of engines were designed with an odd number of cylinder per row in a radial configuration. The crack shaft remained stationary throughout the operation. One advantage of this kind of engine is that it is a simple engine that utilizes less moving components. On the other hand, a piston engine or a reciprocating engine is a heat engine that uses one or several reciprocating pistons. The piston engine converts pressure into a rotating motion. A piston engine has the capability to seal the gap in ...

A brake is a device that produces artificial resistance to the moving part of a machine to stop or slow down its motion. Any machine or its part that is in motion possesses kinetic energy. As per physical laws, energy cannot be destroyed; its form can only be transformed. The brake system converts the kinetic energy of the moving machine or part into thermal, potential or chemical energy. Brake systems are of various types utilized in different applications in industries, home appliances, vehicles, railway trains, and other sectors. This paper has focused on the brake systems used in vehicles, ...

An automotive engine is a propulsion system responsible for moving automobiles from one place to another. An engine converts energy from a fuel or a battery to the mechanical energy used to spin the wheels, thus setting a vehicle in motion. There are different types of engines used in the automotive industry today. These include internal combustion engines and electricity driven vehicles. The internal combustion engines burn fuels such as petrol, diesel, natural gas or propane. Electric engines are fitted with electromagnetic motors that are powered by electric currents from storage batteries on the vehicle. The sole purpose of ...

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE

Introduction The invention and eventual development of internal combustion engines marked a significant stage in the evolution of engines since it provided a way for industrialists and engineers to build an engine that would suit various applications. Unlike the bulky and messy steam engines, internal combustion engines opened the possibilities of creating smaller, but more efficient engines that can be mounted on different types of machineries. The most common applications of which are in transport vehicles such as the engines used in automobiles, trucks, vessels and planes. Moreover, internal combustion engines are also used in non-mobile applications such as ...

Abstract

This article is about two types of engines; the rotary engine and the piston engine. It examines the differences between the two types of engines and their different areas of application. This refers to the specific cars where the two types are used, as well as the market response with reference to the cars in question. Furthermore, the disadvantages and advantages of the two are closely looked into, where it is determined why the piston engine is most preferred by the auto manufacturers and car enthusiasts. Besides, the article concludes with which engine type is suitable depending on the ...

Part 1

General Aviation is a broader term that encompasses a multitude of areas except commercial scheduled airline operations and military purpose aircrafts. General Aviation covers manufacture and operation of the aircrafts that have received fitness clearance from FAA and covers sixteen different categories as classified by the FAA. Some of the areas covered include personal/recreation, instructional, business transportation, medical services, agriculture and forestry, air taxi, commuter, tourism/sight-seeing, etc. . The value offered by the general aviation industry is immense in a geographically vast country like the U.S. Air medical services save hundreds of lives by quickly shifting the patients to the ...

Environmental Science Unit 4

Environmental Hazards and Human Health

Municipal Solid Waste

Municipal solid waste (MSW) includes all the kinds of garbage that city dwellers make. The World Bank explains that each city has different types of waste because conditions are different in each city. In general it is composed of non-combustibles such as “coal ash, glass, and metals” and combustibles such as “paper, rubber, plastic, fabric, leather, vegetable/decaying material, and wood” (Wilson, et al., 2001, World Bank)

History

Throughout history waste has either been saved if it can be reused, dumped into a pile, burned, or somehow minimized. The Connecticut Resources Recovery Authority (2009) ...