Essays on Electrical Energy

Three phase induction motors

Introduction The three-phase induction machine is the most widely used among the rotating machines. An induction machine offers an almost constant speed within its normal operating range when operated off a constant-voltage, constant-frequency, and with the electric power source. The cost of purchasing these machines is very low, and they require little maintenance. However, speed control is difficult and very expensive. Therefore, the rotor current of the three phase induction motors is not induced by electrical connections, but rather the rotation of magnetic field.

Squirrel Cage Rotor construction

The rotor type of the motor is made up of a laminated core which is ...

Introduction

As the need for energy conservation and preservation of the environment becomes more popular, many countries and firms are now utilizing renewable energy in order to generate power. Renewable energy, also known as green energy, is defined as the energy that comes from natural resources which can be replenished constantly, such as sunlight, tides, wind, biomass, and geothermal heat. Because the sources of this energy can be constantly renewed, it can be said that this type of energy cannot be exhausted completely (Ciolkosz).

Why Use Renewable Energy Sources?

There are many advantages in using renewable energy. First off, renewable energy is environmentally sustainable. Unlike ...

Report for Voltaic Cell Project (Lemon)

The purpose of the experiment is to demonstrate the production of electricity through the use of Zinc, Copper and Lemon. The experiment explores the electrochemical reactions that take place between the two metals in the presence of citric acid provided by the lemon to generate electricity. It highlights the oxidation and reduction reactions that occur within the lemon battery before electrons are released to generate electricity.

Background

The electrochemical reaction that occurs to generate electricity from chemical energy takes place between tow metal pieces, known as the electrodes, and a liquid known as the electrolyte. It is imperative that the ...

In order to reduce the United States’ dependence on fossil-fuel energy resources, alternate sources of renewable must be investigated in order to reduce the country’s emission of greenhouse gas emissions which contribute to global warming. At the recent COP21 Climate Summit in Paris, the United States committed to a reduction of greenhouse gas emissions by 26-28 percent below its 2005 level. This includes reductions in methane, carbon dioxide, perfluorocarbons, sulfur hexafluoride, nitrogen trifluoride and nitrous oxide, all of which contribute to global warming . In order to achieve these targets, the United States will need to employ alternative sources ...

Wave and Wind Power Generation

Wind Physics Basics Wind is atmospheric air which is in motion Energy Source The earth surface absorbs solar radiation differently. Some parts absorb more radiation than other. This creates pressure zones. As a result of pressure, air moves from high-pressure zones to low-pressure zones. This causes atmospheric air motion known as wind. Wind is a renewable source of energy. It is constantly available free of charge (Bhattacharyya, 2011).

Spatial scales

Atmospheric air motion can be categorized depending in terms of spatial scale. Four spatial scales identified include planetary scale, synoptic scale, mesoscale, and microscale. There are various types of spatial scales ...

Introduction

Energy is a key driver of any nation’s economy. The extent to which it contributes to the performance of all activities surrounding the human life is beyond measure. This is because energy contributes almost fully to the economic development of the economy. In its physical form, energy is classified either as renewable or non-renewable. Renewable energy forms the green energy that can be reused again and is less toxic to the environment. On the other hand, non-renewable energy is exploited once it’s used and mostly pollutes the environment. All this energy forms can be either used directly ...

Calpine cooperation was founded in 1984 and currently the cooperation is the largest in America. The corporation generates electricity and thermal energy from natural gas and geothermal resources. With a fleet of around 84 power plants, the company generates around 270000 megawatts of electricity and through wholesale operations and retail business; the center serves in over 21 states and Canada. The corporation has taken a lead to ensure a cleaner energy for future use is in place. The focus of the center is to provide its esteemed customers with clean, efficient and reliable electricity and thermal energy. With this ...

Introduction

The fundamental process of thermal power plants is based on the conversion of thermal energy into mechanical energy and, subsequently, into electric power, using steam as the working fluid. According to the U.S. Energy Information System, over 67% of the electrical energy in the United States is generated through thermoelectric power plants, which use the combustion of fossil fuels such as natural gas, coal and petroleum to generate the steam necessary for the process; moreover, thermoelectric power generation accounts for an approximate 80% of all the power generation worldwide. Thus, the electricity consumed in most homes and industries is ...

Electrical Engineering is a field of engineering concerned with the design, maintenance and study of everything related to electricity, including electrical energy, systems and devices. This discipline comprises the different electrical phenomenon in all its application forms, as well as the problems derived from its use. Specifically, Electrical Engineering studies the generation, transmission and distribution of electrical energy, as well as its applications through analog and digital electronics, control and automation areas, instrumentation, communication systems, among others subfields. Electrical Engineers have a wide field of work, as they are responsible for the development of new electrical equipment, solving electricity-related ...

ABSTRACT

The research argues that although a gas flaring stoppage is not successfully in-place in Nigeria, fitting the appropriate technology with complementary economic and institutional factors can lead to near-zero or zero gas flaring. Nigeria is a developing country with a unique culture of many tribes and one of the largest growing urban populations in the world. Infrastructural, political and economical challenges to meeting the goal are introduced. Reinjection of gas back into wells is not available as an option to gas flaring because a large region for gas production is wetlands (Buzcu-Guven et al. 2012). Wetlands ...

Abstract

Recently, attention has been diverted to clean, alternative and renewable technologies due to the depletion of petroleum resources and increase of the green house gases from the combustion of fuel resources. Fuel cell is the fore-runner of these technologies and has received immense impetus due to its relatively clean source of energy. Fuel-cells are devices that produce electrical energy from chemical transformation reactions. Electrodes are placed within an electrolyte medium that facilitates oxidation of fuel. In these electrochemical reactions, ions are generated that generate electricity. This electrical energy can be effectively harnessed to carry out a myriad of functions. Since ...

Introduction

Efficient energy utilization is an important aspect of human life. The principle of conservation of energy states that energy can never be created nor destroyed. Thus, it is essential to utilize the energy available for us effectively and efficiently. Energy can be transformed from one form to another by use of appropriate transducers. When designing a house, it is essential to do it with the greatest regard to efficient energy use as well as safety to the environment. House designers should always come up with designs that promote efficient energy use. For instance, utilization of renewable energy should be maximized. ...

Introduction

There are many resemblances that can be observed in magnetic and electric phenomena. A magnet comprised of north and south poles which are opposite to each other. The opposite poles attract and likewise repel each other. A magnet has principle property to influence the surrounding space. This surrounding effect of a magnet is known as a magnetic field. Magnetic fields consist of lines of force and force of attraction and repulsion that travel/or move along the lines. The developed forces depend on strength and distance apart the poles. Figure 1: Magnetic lines of force for bar magnet A ...

1. Introduction The electrical energy is generated to bring some development to the world. The electrical energy lights the world during night time. People can do their work even during night time without any disturbance because the electrical energy replaces the sun during night time. The energy is neither be created nor be destroyed. The electrical energy is generated by converting other form of energy. Generally mechanical energy is converted in to electrical energy. The electrical energy is generated by different methods; say hydro thermal energy generation, diesel power generation, gas power generation, and nuclear power generation. The ...

An Analysis of the Formulation of California Senate Bill 4

Chapter IV: Findings Introduction The research had the ambitious goal of identifying the political process that took for the passing of SB 4. The subject was especially interesting because hydraulic fracturing (fracking) has taken place in California for several decades. In this chapter, data collected about the drilling style in California was presented with an effort to include the variety of data available from viewpoints of different stakeholders and their support or lack of support for the duration of the legislative process. Fracking is a national as well as a state political issue. Both external and internal factors impacted ...

MEM 695

Abstract The purpose of this research paper is to introduce the different types of energy resources utilized worldwide. This paper discusses the history of the different resources used, starting with the utilization of conventional fossil fuel based technologies, the emergence of nuclear power and finally, the commercialization of renewable energy resources. The main objective of this research paper is to provide an insight on how these energy sources are accessed, utilized, distributed and developed. The paper also seeks to impact of the utilization of these various energy resources on the environment, especially the effect of continued utilization of ...

FOR ADDITIONAL POWER GENERATION

Introduction Power shortage in the globe has been one of the major problems our world is experiencing today. One solution to this crisis is through resorting to clean and renewable energy which lets us harness a source of energy that can replenish itself over and over again. Fossil fuels such as coals, diesel, oils, etc. are used worldwide in generating the energy the world needs such as electricity. Electricity is now one of the basic needs the world needs in order to function. Everybody needs electricity, in big industries up to small households, in lighting our light bulbs ...

The wind is a clean and plentiful source of renewable energy that is currently being explored worldwide. It offers a reliable alternative not only for non-renewable sources of energy but also renewable energy including solar energy (Thomas 119). Wind energy is used for various purposes including sailing vessels, powering factory machinery, pumping water as well as grinding grain. Turbines are used to generate wind energy in a process called Wind power. Wind power is widely recognized for its ability to generate power that can be utilized feasibly and economically in large quantities. It is an environmentally friendly process since it produces low ...

Introduction 3

Background on Report 3 Current Technologies Photovoltaic (PV) Solar Technology 5 Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) 8 Solar Heating and Cooling (SCH) Technology 10 Analysis and Recommendation 11 Conclusion 12 Figures and Tables Figure 1: Diagram of a P-N junction in a Photovoltaic Cell 6 Figure 2: A Typical Parabolic Through CSP System 9 Figure 3: Wakiki Shore Apartments in Honolulu, Hawaii 11

Used in Contemporary Society

Introduction The use of fossil fuels results in combustion gases which contribute to global warming. Furthermore, these combustion gases result in air pollution which is detrimental to the ...

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Introduction

Energy is something we cannot live without. With President Obama’s interest in building a clean energy economy, preventing climate change and protecting our environment, people are getting more interested in renewable sources of energy(House, 2014)

Three energy sources utilized in regular routine and their origins

We rely on electrical energy, hydroelectric energy, nuclear energy, fossil fuel energy and solar energy in our daily lives(“Department of Energy,” n.d.). For light and heat in our homes and at work, we use electrical energy, which is derived ...

I. Introduction

A. Short history

II. Research of positive and negative aspects of hydroelectric power

A. Benefits of hydroelectric power

1. Renewable energy 2. Recreational area 3. Benefits for electricity grid

B. Negative side of hydroelectric power

1. Economy 2. Relocation C. Current demand and energy production III. Conclusion

A. Overview of positive and negative aspects

B. Summary The Benefits of Hydroelectric Power Idea of using hydro power is not new contrary it is quite old; more than two thousand years old. Ancient Greeks used water to power their watermills for grinding wheat into flower. Besides powering watermills hydro power was used in textile mills, heavy and wood industry. One of very important ...

Figure 1 Structure of solar cell ("Rethinking energy: Towards," 2014) 4 Figure 2 Internal structure solar cell ("Rethinking energy: Towards," 2014) 5 Figure 3 Working principle of solar modules (Rongqiang) 5 Figure 4 Installation mechanism of photovoltaic cell to generate electricity (Rongqiang). 6 Figure 5 Electricity production by PV cell during 1999-2010 (Rongqiang) 6 Figure 6 Worldwide PV installation in the year 2005 (Rongqiang) 7 Figure 7 Classification PV cells, (http://sovoxglobal.com/cell_classification.html) 7 Figure 8 Internal structure of crystalline silicon cell 8 Figure 9 working phenomena of thin film cell 8

Solar Energy: Role of Photovoltaic Cells

Executive ...

Electric power transmission is the transfer of bulk quantities of electrical energy. This electrical power is transmitted from the generating electrical power plants to the electrical substations that are located in the proximity of the demand centres. The wiring that is performed between the elevated voltage substations and the clients is described as electric power distribution. The transmitting lines that are connected are transformed into the electrical energy transmission networks. The combination of the electrical energy distribution and the electrical energy transmission is acknowledged as the power grid. The term is similar in the United States and the United ...

Abstract

Generation of electricity using turbine technology is very popular around the globe since most of the processes such as hydro energy are clean and renewable. Additionally, some do not pose a huge threat in human life and the environment. The traditional method of using turbine technology is very popular and wanted in many countries due to the economical cost of building and maintaining the generation plant. Additionally, the turbine technology is more efficient. This is because it can employ a number of fossil fuels, water, geothermal energy or wind to generate electricity. Hence, the country has a greater variety to choose from ...

Physics

2014 Essay Technological advancements changed the face of the universe. If a man who died before ten decades ago comes back to life, he will be wonder struck on seeing the present scenario of the world. Latest advancements in today’s world pave a better way of living. The first and foremost is the discovery of electricity and its application in almost all the fields. The technological revolution witnesses some great establishments that changed the way of living and life of the people around the world. Technology is greatly influencing the working of all the aspects of humanity. ...

An Analysis of the Formulation of California Senate Bill 4

CHAPTER IV This research has the ambitious goal of identifying the political process that took for the passing of SB 4. The subject is especially interesting because hydraulic fracturing (fracking) has taken place in California for several decades. In this chapter, data collected about the drilling style in California will be presented with an effort to include the variety of data available from viewpoints of different stakeholders. Fracking is a national as well as a state political issue. It has been assumed that both external and internal factors have impacted the policy process. Decisions made at federal government agencies have a ...

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Geothermal energy (GE): An Introduction Geothermal energy can be termed as a heat found inside the Earth. This type of heat is an uncontaminated, renewable fuel resource that supplies the energy needs of millions of people in the USA as well as all over the world for various utilizations and applications. Though domains like hot springs are more noticeable and are generally the first source of GE resources, the heat underneath the earth is accessible universally, and the scientists are able to utilize in a wide variety of circumstances. ...

Introduction

Electricity remains one of the energies source that has played an integral role in transforming peoples’ lifestyle, facilitated economic development, improved the living standards and promoted industrialization. Over the years, America has heavily relayed on the electrical power as the main source of power because electrical power is convenient, cost effective, and reliable. As a result of its versatility, electrical power is used for various purposes and in different environments. In most cases, it is used in learning institutions, factories, government corporations, and at homes for distinctive purposes. Normally, electricity is used to operate and run machines in the industries, ...

Sun plays crucial role in the life of the Earth. The entire organic world of our planet is obliged to the Sun for its existence. It is not only the source of light and heat, but also the original source of many other types of energy (oil, coal, water, wind). Since people appeared on the Earth, they began using the sun's energy. According to archaeological data, it is known that housing preference was given to quiet places, closed from the cold winds and open to the sun's rays. Perhaps the earliest known solar system can be considered the ...

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Part 1. Solar Panel History

The history of Solar panels takes it beginning from the 7th Century B.C. Now, the energy sector of economy has the greatest impact on our lives. Power supply is the basis of the normal functioning of any production, and, consequently, the entire human civilization. Heat and light homes, work machines and units in production, traffic and rural suffering - all these many faces of Energy. Various technological advances have already become part of life for us, but they are possible only when adequate and affordable energy supply, due to the development of alternative energy sources, ...

Bio fuel cells utilize biocatalysts for the conversion of chemical energy stored in glucose into electrical energy. Bio-catalyzed oxidation of glucose or other organic substances at two electrode interfaces provides a means for conversion of chemical energy into electrical energy. The obtainable power of a fuel cell (P cell) is the product of cell voltage (V cell) and the cell current (I cell)

The ideal voltage id affected by the difference in potential of the oxidizer and fuel as represented in the equation

(E◦1ox - E◦1fuel), with irreversible losses in voltage caused by kinetic limitations of electron movement, (η). Resistance and differences in concentration gradients of the energy source lead to decreased voltage values. As represented below P cell = ...

Abstract

This paper discusses and answers the questions related to the laws of thermodynamics, differences between potential energy and kinetic energy, and differences between overall efficiency and efficiency of a light bulb. Current knowledge regarding thermodynamics has been applied to answer these questions with help of online resources. 1) How are the laws of thermodynamics an important consideration when trying to make the most efficient mechanical machines to do work (such as create light)? A) The Zeroth law of thermodynamics is the fundamental law of physics, which suggests that if two bodies are in thermal equilibrium, and one ...

Introduction

Most of the renewable energy experts in the world pay more attention to wind energy. Wind energy which is referred to as kinetic energy is converted to electricity power which can be used to power homes and businesses. ( Morthorst, G & Poul, E. 2002). One of the equipments which can be used to convert kinetic energy from wind to electricity is wind turbine. It can be made in various designs which include horizontal and vertical axis wind turbines. The most common design is the horizontal wind turbine. A wind turbine can be referred to by several names depending on ...

The continued prosperity and economic development of some countries e.g. the first world nations has traditionally been associated with growth in energy production and consumption. Ideally the use of energy is intended to enhance the quality of life. It is becoming apparent that the production and consumption of energy is also responsible for an increasing deterioration of the environment. The imposition of air pollution standards has accelerated a shift in the use of fossil fuels towards those that have clean burning characteristics e.g. low sulphur oils and natural gasses. This in turn has led to worldwide and domestic scarcity ...

Assignment 1

Energy refers to the ability to produce changes in a given system and it exists in different forms, but it is broadly categorized into two major forms which are Kinetic energy and Potential energy. It is further grouped into many other forms that include; heat energy, light energy, mechanical energy, sound energy and geothermal energy. Energy is converted from a given form to another depending on the energy needs of the user. This transformation simply implies conversion of energy from one state to another, which may occur naturally or it can be manipulated using various energy-consuming machines. In scientific terms, a device ...

Multi-driver speaker systems require ‘Crossovers’ as their subsystems and are primarily used for the separation of input signal on the basis of driver into various different frequency ranges. The power which is received by the drivers is only in their usable frequency range and therefore the distortion which is caused in the drivers can be reduced with the use of crossovers. Crossovers are only helpful in order to minimize the distortion and it is not possible to completely block at the passband edges, similarly amplitude variation and face changes also cannot be completely restricted. Crossovers are primarily of ...

Plant and Solar cell

The sun plays an extremely vital role in sustaining the life on earth, exhibited through the emission of solar energy that aids in the cycling of matter, and maintenance of gravity (Miller & Spoolman, 2007). The solar energy reaches the earth through radiation. It flows through the biosphere, warms the atmosphere, evaporates, recycles water, generates winds and support plant growth (Miller & Spoolman, 2007). Further, the energy from the sun also supports photosynthesis, the process by which green plants use natural light to make compound such as carbohydrates that maintain their lives also feed other organisms (Miller & Spoolman, 2007). On the ...

Future Energy

Introduction The increasing quest for renewable sources of energy has greatly influence perception and appreciation of the benefits that could be derived from solar energy. Although the use of solar power as a form of energy to generate electrical energy is not a new technology, majority are yet to be aware of the benefits of using such forms of energy to both health and environment. It uses date back to ancient times where people make use of the energy to achieve their daily task i.e. drying purposes. The issue with the energy from sun could be associated with the challenges ...

Question 1

I am a trained Electrical and Electronic Engineer working in Electricity Company. Generally, electricity is the major form of energy that drives the world. Electrical energy is used in almost all the industries and machines directly as either the prime mover or in other forms. With the rapid increase in population, the demand for electrical energy is always in the rise. The rapid changes in technology also necessitate greater supply of electrical energy. Life without the electrical and electronic devices is unimaginable in the current world. In fact, these devices have become part and parcel of human life; we cannot ...

Introduction

Wind energy has been in use as far back as 3000 B.C., when sailors in Egypt utilized this energy to move their boats. Today, wind energy is hailed as an important source of energy and is tapped in various regions around the world. Its importance stems from two factors: (1) it is renewable and (2) it is a clean source of energy that does not generate environmentally harmful emissions. To harness wind energy, a wind turbine is used. A turbine converts the kinetic energy of the wind into rotary mechanical energy, which can then be converted to electrical energy (“Wind turbine,” ...

1. Abstract

The proposal aims at to giving a solution to the problem of low power output by designing a power generation system that maximizes power output by mounting the turbine on a D.C generator with a suitable coupling. This generator is then connected to the water pipe. The turbine is designed to generate electricity by converting kinetic energy from water flows to electric energy. The use of this technology proves sustainable as it works under minimum maintenance. In this proposal is included the conceptual approach, results ad conclusions arrived at validating the significance of conducting this research. In include but not limited to the ...