Essays on Communist

The Communist Manifesto

Introduction
First published as Das Kommuniste Che Manifest, the Communist Manifesto was commissioned by the communist league, a political organization formed by working class individuals in northern Europe. The manifesto was jointly authored by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engel. Though much credit was initially given to Engel, he later told the world that the manifesto was purely based on the ideas of Karl Marx. The manifesto is best understood through an analysis of the challenges faced by the working class in Europe (Marx & Engels 2009). Essentially, the writing is based on class struggles. According to Karl Marx, class struggles Continue reading...

Introduction

Human rights can be said to be the rights that people enjoy to fulfill the values of life. They cover the relations between people and nature, other people and/ or the society. In a social context, they are the rights enjoyed by a nation and sovereign rights of a country (Cohen, 12).
The value of respect, freedom for human rights and the principle of holding periodic free and fair elections by universal suffrage are crucial elements of democracy (Cohen, 45). The election must be by secret ballot as the expression of the will of the people. In turn, democracy Continue reading...

Abstract

Democratic Kampuchea was one of the most violent regimes to ever rule. During the course of their rule, they were responsible for the death of more than two million individuals; as a proportion of the nation’s size, this is an incredibly large number. The deaths were the result of a nearly fundamentalist adherence to the philosophies espoused in The Communist Manifesto, and were incredibly damaging to the nation in both the long term and the short term.
The years following the second world war were a tumultuous time for the world as a whole. The world knew that Continue reading...

Report: China – Communist or Capitalist?

Introduction
Many observers ask whether China’s burgeoning growth and prosperity in recent times demonstrates the success of a communist regime, or is it instead the result of China adopting capitalist principles as its privatized and competitive businesses flood the West with manufactured goods? If the latter is the case, can China still be considered as a truly Communist state, or is it becoming a Capitalist nation ruled by a Communist government? This report examines the current situation, to answer these questions.

The Research

A special report by Simon Cox (May 28, 2012) in the Economist, entitled “Pedalling prosperity” discusses features Continue reading...

Communism is a revolutionary social order that seeks to create a moneyless and classless society. It can be regarded as the extreme expression of socialism. It is premised upon a desire to have a common ownership to all societal means of production which are controlled by a single entity the state. Communist was propagated by various theories developed by distinguished scholars of the 19th and 20th centuries. The Leninist and Marxist theories form the backbone of the concept of communism. This concept of governance has been praised by Eastern Asian countries and adopted by China and Russia. On the Continue reading...

Many of Chairman Mao’s doctrines and strategies deviated from Marxism-Leninism; they were also against liberal and democratic Western values that some intellectuals in China were advocating in the first decades of the 20th century. Explain why Mao and his followers were eventually successful in achieving power in 1949.

The Success of the Chinese Communist Party under Mao Zedong

The success of the Chinese Communist Party over the Chiang Kai-shek Party and its dominion over the Chinese mainland which led to the eventual establishment of the People’ Republic were enormous changes in the modern history of China. Its effects were profoundly felt by its own people and by other foreign countries in the Asian region. These events were unanticipated and it brought forth the charismatic leadership of Mao Zedong to the forefront of Chinese history and the controversial applications of the Communist concepts. Continue reading...

What role does 1) institutional choices (parliamentary vs. presidential system in Eastern Europe and type of electoral system) play in post-communist democratization?
Institutional choices, such as political regime types or electoral system designs, play a significant role in post-communist democratization in Eastern Europe because they are in the position to steer these countries’ political direction. Electoral systems play a more significant role not only in the degree of democratization, but also in the extent of representation (Andreev 2003, p. 12). Similarly, the political regime type, i.e., parliamentary or presidential, of governance also significantly impacts the democratization process, in some Continue reading...

Introduction

Communism is a revolutionary social order that seeks to create a moneyless and classless society. Communism can be regarded as the extreme expression of socialism. It is premised upon a desire to have a common ownership to all societal means of production. All means of production are controlled the state. Communism was propagated by various theories developed by distinguished scholars of the 19th and 20th centuries. Leninist and Marxist theories form the backbone of the concept of communism. This concept of governance has been praised by Eastern Asian countries and adopted by China and Russia. On the other hand, Continue reading...

Research Paper on

India and China - A Political Comparison

India and China - A Political Comparison
China and India are two regional powers and have established systems of government since decades. China follows a communist system of government and is the second largest economic power of the world. China is one of the permanent five members of the United Nations Security Council and only communist state in the G-20 groups of leading economies. China is led by the Chinese Communist Party since 1949 that came to power, as a result, of winning the civil war against the Nationalist forces of Chiang Continue reading...

Storch, Randi. Red Chicago: American communism at its grassroots, 1928-35. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2007.

Randi Storch's 2007 book Red Chicago: American Communism at its Grassroots details the subversive movement in Chicago at the time, when there was a vast upswing of Communist thought stemming from the worker's revolts of the time. The American Communist Party had a substantial presence there, and the book describes their struggle for relevancy and to have an effect on the outcomes of political action at the time. The book attempts to reconcile the thought processes of these people with two very different, contradictory ideas: "one of an organization that celebrated Soviet leaders, co-opted Soviet symbols, and embraced revolutionary Continue reading...

Book Review: The Cold War by John Lewis Gaddis

Introduction

The eventual collapse of the agreement between the USSR, Britain and the United States in 1945 after the end of the World War II set the platform for the cold war. An anti-communist policy, commonly called the Truman doctrine, declared in 1947 by President Truman of the USA spoke clearly of the atmosphere that would prevail (Gaddis 30). The resulting tension between the communist and capitalist ideologies is what came to be known as the Cold War. Since it never resulted into armed confrontation or Continue reading...

Part 1. What is the something else that DeSoto argues is necessary for a capitalist economy to produce wealth? Choose and explain one example or counter example used by DeSoto to make his case.
Capitalism refers to an economic system that is based on the functionality of free market; open competition; profit maximization motive and the means of production are owned and produced by the private sector or by cooperatives that limit the government or state control of resources. In this social system, the capitalist class own most of the properties and are paid to produce the goods and Continue reading...

Introduction

When Karl Marx wrote his seminal work, das capital, he never thought that his work would be as influential as events in the 20th century testifies. Karl Marx is thought to be one of the most influential economists of all time (Barnett 46). His ideas were first put in practice by Lenin in Russia. Marx had predicted the revolution of the proletariat to depose the owners of capital in the industrial societies. But this revolution happened in one of the most backward societies in Europe at the time. Together with Leon Trotsky, Lenin established communism in Russia. Lenin Continue reading...

Abstract

This paper aims at establishing communism in China and its effects on the government, economy, and lifestyle.
Introduction
In world history, communism is often associated with negative points. When communism is brought up, cruel regimes in the former Germany, U.S.S.R, and Yugoslavia and also current regimes in nations such as, North Korea, China and Cuba are time and again thought of depressingly. In addition to that, communism is associated with government control, limited personal freedoms, and a police state. Seemingly, all these curtail civil liberties. Ideally, some nations have tried communism and failed because of the methods they opt Continue reading...

The Cold war is not perceived to have presented a real threat to the United States of America. It is just depicted to be propaganda between two rival super powers, the United States and the then Soviet Union. These two powers were constantly in the war of words over who was powerful at the time. The Cold war prevailed over a long duration and was fought in various battles such as the Vietnamese war with both the two countries taking sides. This, with the Korean War are considered to be the only battles fought between the two countries. This Continue reading...

The main purpose of consolidation of a democracy is to ensure that the new democracy matures in a way that it cannot revert back to dictatorship without an outward shock. A government can only be considered consolidated when it moves away from problems such as concern for overthrow of the government. Unconsolidated democracies, therefore, suffer from official but intermittent elections and clientelism. The process of moving a country to become a polyarchy is consolidation. This is the point in which a country can have free and fair elections and the freedom of citizens to expression and choices on the Continue reading...

POL 300 Internal Problems

Truman doctrines
The presidential doctrines were introduced during the Cold War. The doctrines explained what the presidents stood for during this time of the war. President Harry Truman defined the United States foreign policy and how it applied to it being a super power. The content of the speech of the president to the congress is believed to have been the major cause of the Cold War. His speech is believed by historians to have led to the U.S being able to contain the war. The president was quoted as saying that he believed that it was the U.S Continue reading...

McCarthy & McCarthyism: An Introduction

In the 1950s, the senator from Wisconsin named Joseph McCarthy ventured to reveal the truth about communism attack in the USA. For about 4 years, McCarthy relentlessly tried to disclose the individuals who had been identified as communist agents in various government departments and posed huge security risks to the USA.
In view of invasive Cold War tensions amongst USA and USSR, one should anticipate that Senator Joseph McCarthy’s crusade to unearth the truth regarding communist influence in the USA should be appreciated and praised from all and sundry. However, it did not happen. In contrast, McCarthy was Continue reading...

LOST IN TRANSLATION

“On the principle of infallibility there rests the iron discipline of the Communist Party. In fact, the two concepts are mutually self-supporting. Perfect discipline requires recognition of infallibility.”
- George Kennan, “The Sources of Soviet Conduct”
George Kennan wrote these prophetic words in 1946 as part of the famous “Long Telegram,” a document that was made public in 1947 by Foreign Affairs magazine. Kennan’s treatise on the Soviet Union, the nature of Communism and the expected physical manifestations of that nature became the most impactful work on what would become the Cold War and the courses of action Continue reading...

Currently the most populous country in the world, china is synonymous with communism. The extent to which Chinese leadership embraced the idea cannot be compared to any of the historically socialist states. Worth noting is the fact that communism, is an idea that relates to both the political and the social order in a country. The extent to which property and wealth is owned by the state makes the difference between communism and capitalism. The Chinese government, under the brutal and dictatorial leadership of such people as Mao Zedong, underwent socialism in the 20th century (French, 2007). Today, communism Continue reading...

Question 1

Various factors contributed to the creation of communism in China. These factors include:
Confucian culture
Confucian culture is a key aspect of the Chinese society as it has played a significant role in the making of a communist culture. In the traditional Chinese society, Confucianism was the governing dogma of the ruling elite. The ideology first came into existence after 200 BCE and remained the country’s orthodox ideal for almost 2000 years. Even though, the introduction of communism resulted in numerous changes in various aspects of the Chinese society, Confucian elements still influence China’s political society.
Ritual Continue reading...

“Ultimately it was Australia’s dependence on the United States that led it into Vietnam” (Gregory Pemberton). Is this a correct analysis of Australian military involvement in Vietnam in the 1960s?

The Vietnam War or the Second Indochina War—a conflict between the North and South Vietnam to gain the ruling power over Vietnam—took place from 1962 to 1975 (The Cold Warrior). While the United States and other democratic countries supported South Vietnam, communist nations, People’s Republic of China and Soviet Union supported North Vietnam (The Cold Warrior). Several international events were responsible for the revolution that Continue reading...

Section 1

As McGregor explains, the Chinese Communist Party (The Party) had gone to the extent where the citizens are not allowed to control their own lives. The party has created minimum freedom different from the Friedman argument of the maximum freedom. Therefore, McGregor reveals the essential difference between the maximum freedom and the minimum freedom using examples of the minimum freedom in china. The desire for the Chinese citizens to chase for their own self-interest is constrained by The Party. In order to demonstrate how the maximum freedom society differs from the minimum freedom society, McGregor provides example of the Continue reading...

Introduction

Karl Marx came up with the Communist Manifesto for the Communist Party in the year 1848 together with Friedrich Engels. This manifesto was written for the Communist league that had been founded a year earlier and it was this Communist League that authorized its publication in the year 1848. Before the formation of the Communist League, Karl Marx together with Engels among others had founded the Communist Correspondence Committee (CCC). The main aims of CCC were to foster a relationship between European Communist States keeping them in touch with each other’s activities. Their other functions also involved contacting Continue reading...

Introduction

The republic of Cuba is an island which comprises one significantly large island and numerous small ones. Cuba boasts and an area of approximately 110,860km2 and can be safely said to be one of the largest states in the Caribbean. Cuba is barely 160km from Florida. In fact, the Straits of Florida separate the country from Florida while the Windward Passage separates the country from Haiti and finally the Gulf of Mexico and the Yucatan Channel separates the country from Mexico. According to the United Nations report of 2005, Cuba has a population of 11,275,000 with Continue reading...

This paper will focus on discussing one of the plays written by Tae Sok. Tae Sok is a popular playwright in Korea, mostly because of his orthodox and non-linear style of presenting a story, which is basically contrarian to the strategy that is often being implemented by Western playwrights. The focus of this paper will be on his play entitled Bicycle which he released and was published in 1983 . The story in Bicycle allegedly centered on one of the experiences Tae Sok had during the Korean War, particularly in his home village in Sochon. To be more specific, the Continue reading...

Question 1.

In the history of voting and political representation in the world, women have received little consideration compared to their male counterparts. In most world economies including the east and the west, women did not have the right to vote until after 1920. Following the completion of the Second World War, there were only 3 percent of women representatives in parliaments all over the world. However, this figure increased to 8 percent between 1945 and 1965, and later to 12 and 15 percent in 1985 and 2002 respectively. Despite the different political systems, - democracies and authoritarians – women have been Continue reading...

Was the Vietnam War a necessary extension of the broader Cold War tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union?

Was the Vietnam War a necessary extension of the broader Cold War tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union?
The Vietnam War broke out in 1955, it is also known as the American War. The cold war involved Northern Vietnam who were considered to be communists, supported by countries such as China and Soviet Union, and Southern Vietnam who were anti-communist supported by United States of America (Gettleman, Frankline, Frankline & Young, 1995). Viet Cong, a communist Continue reading...

Elusive Objectivity: Historical Interpretation and the Reality of Sino-Tibetan Relations

Many of the various histories written about the tumultuous relationship between China and Tibet offer polarized accounts of an international controversy that has come to define the struggle for ethnic identity and political autonomy. Indeed, it is a conflict fought as much in the media and the international consciousness of the global community as it has been contested on the battlefield and behind closed doors between charismatic political leaders like the Dalai Lama and Mao Zedong. The historians and authors who have chronicled a struggle that spanned the 20th century have, in general, seen the matter in terms of Tibetan sovereignty or a Chinese version of manifest destiny. Where the British scholar Warren Smith focuses on the political and ethical ramifications of Tibetan self-determination, Tom Grunfeld’s perspective is one of inevitability and the civi Continue reading...

Synopsis: The following article consists of a brief study regarding the principles of Soviet Communism and American Capitalism. The research discusses the role of the populace with regards to the above mentioned constitutions. After giving an introduction to both, the paper will further formulate the consistency of the strategies which have been displayed in the pictures/images provided. The study begins with a briefing of ‘Political Warfare’ where the concept of ‘Totalism’ has also been added to the discussion and an understanding about its influence upon the political manipulations of a nation.

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Box Number:

Essence of ‘To Live’
Historical accuracy and sensitivity is one of the most important aspects that weigh heavily on the film To Live (1994), which is directed by Zhang Yimou. From a viewer’s point of view, the film is an interesting event-raveling depiction of what occurred half a century or so ago in China. This put the sequence of events into an epoch when the country was under what can be said to be a transformation characterized by a series of both political and social changes. By then, China was run by the political regime headed by Mao Continue reading...

Introduction

Communism was an ideology thought to have been originally formulated by English writer Thomas Moore. In his literature released in 1516 and titled ‘Utopia’, Moore speaks of a society where property is a common asset and ruler govern the people and society assets and property using reason. The rebellion directed towards capitalism and other traditional forms of government were the subject of numerous scholars and theorists as time passed. Karl Marx, one of the strongest supporters of this system of government felt that the class system, a failure in his view, would be remedied through communism.
After its role Continue reading...

Introduction

The Vietnamese War, fought from December 1956 up to April 1975, is one of the Cold War-era proxy wars fought in Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos. Although, on paper, the war was fought between North and South Vietnam, allies of the two antagonists were also involved in the war. For example, North Vietnam was supported by its communist allies (such as China), while South Vietnam was supported by anti-communist allies (such as the United States and France). Up to date, there is no consensus about whether the war itself was necessary, and whether objectives of the war were achieved.

Background

In Continue reading...

What roles for women are supported by the new Chinese government? Where do they contrast with traditional roles, where are they similar? 
The Dragon's Village is an autobiographical book that depicts the psychological contention of a young Chinese lady; Ling-Ling who is torn between the Communist ideals and the traditional Chinese values and beliefs. The novel takes place in a chaotic Chinese era where communist ideals have just come into being. During that period, it became clear that the country bound to change from its imperial beliefs and adapt to the communist ideals and beliefs where all persons would Continue reading...

Introduction

Most people understand that the cold war an era that was viewed as being a very traumatic time for the United States and other nations from all over the world. With the fear of communism increasing, it was very significant for the United States of America to make sure it did not expand further, but at the same time avoiding and unnecessary conflict with the Soviet Union. The United States main fear was what they called the “Domino Affect”. (Maus) This theory means that if countries start falling to communist powers, others would too. Because of this fear, United Continue reading...

Right Bride Price

The Chinese culture provided for the provision of bride price to the woman’s family during the marriage day. The prize was a sign of the man ability to take care of the newly wedded bride. The period before the introduction of the one child policy within China the men and women population was almost equal. The one child policy brought sex disparity where people took to modern technology in determining the gender of the child to be born. The technology allowed women to abort the girl child with the aim of giving birth to a boy child. The Continue reading...

Why did Czechoslovakia dissolve peacefully while Yugoslavia did not? Structural concerns and cultural differences account for the differences in the disintegration processes of both nations.
II. Czechoslovakia: A Two-State Federation
The two-state format of Czechoslovakia made it inherently unstable due to disparities over representation. The centralized nature of the nation and mutual interests pertaining to economic reforms made the dissolution peaceful.
III. Yugoslavia: A Harmonious Union Turned Hostile
Different predecessor states friendly with one another made possible the formation of Yugoslavia. Political insensitivities brought by the Communist rule of President Josip Broz Tito, alongside his preference Continue reading...

Why the United States Fought in the Vietnam War

Introduction
History is not very clear about the origin and the rational behind the United States involvement in the Vietnam War. However, the blanket story is that the main reason why the United States entangled itself with Vietnam is because of its defense of its political ideology – democracy (Henretta, p. 32). It was said that the United States had to counter the Communist insurgencies in Vietnam solely because it wanted to reduce and/or eradicate the spread of communism in South East Asia. Hence, it needed to attack Vietnamese communists as a fight against the counter ideology of democracy - Continue reading...

Introduction to Asian history

Asian history is unique and interesting to study. These is because it is a collective history of the distinct peripheral regions which include; South Asia, East Asia and middle Asia. Asia is home to world’s earliest civilization with the three regions developing simultaneously through agriculture within the fertile rivers and valleys. The agricultural sector was also instrumental in spurring of the technologies that were shared across the regions. In Mesopotamia and China there were numerous similarities and exchanges in technologies and ideologies such as wheel and mathematics. Advancement in agriculture and technology led to the development of cities Continue reading...

Introduction

The Vietnam War will always be remembered throughout much of the history of the United States (US) as a mighty assertion by the nation of its status as a reckonable political and moral influence in the international community. Democracy has since been the driving force of the US in its pursuance of goals in the Asia-Pacific region – an area the nation sought to contain against communism by the former Soviet Union (USSR). Indochina, geopolitically adjacent to communist-led China through its location in mainland Asia, stands as perhaps the area in the Asia-Pacific region that is most affected by communism. Continue reading...