Essays on Compression

Discovery

The pigeonhole principle is a simple but powerful concept that is used in tackling combinatorial mathematics problems in a systematic manner. In simple terms, the principle states that if some objects need to be placed in boxes that are lesser in number than the objects, then at least one box will have two objects. The concept was formulated in 1834 by a German mathematician named Peter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet. In his original publication, Dirichlet used a German word that meant drawer in English (Brualdi, 2008). The word soon changed to pigeonhole that is an open space on a wall ...

Introduction of Topic

Burden of Deep Vein Thrombosis Deep vein thrombosis is a severe preventable cause of morbidity-mortality around the globe. This disease is so silent hence difficult in diagnosing it and so it is seen as a significant challenge regarding diagnosis. The Little level of clinical suspicion and higher incidence and fatality makes deep vein thrombosis a grave concern to the world (Jaff, et al, 2011). In the United States, 1 to 2 in every 1,000 people is likely to be affect by deep vein thrombosis annually. There is also an estimation that up to 100,000 Americans scampers to ...

Introduction

Carbon Capture and Sequestration (CCS) is a group of technologies that received recognition in 21 century. CCS process consists of collection and concentration of CO2 emitted from combustion of fossil fuels with further transportation to special storage locations. The reason for storing carbon dioxide away is related Greenhouse effect and its influence on global warming process. The main goal of carbon capture technologies is to stabilize the levels of greenhouse gas in the atmosphere. It is expected that implementation of CCS technologies will make it possible to reduce the total emission of CO2 up to 54% (to 450 ppmv). ( ...

Introduction

The cost of manufacturing ammonia using the Haber process plant constitutes the following components: the cost of energy, raw materials, equipment, labor and sparking substances (catalysts). Energy (gas or electricity) costs are incurred to maintain the temperature of the reaction. The Harber process is operated at very high temperatures, and pressures thus higher costs of energy are incurred. Some of the raw materials consumed in the Haber process such as nitrogen and hydrogen are recovered at the end of the process. The recovered materials are recycled back to the system to reduce the cost of raw materials. Starting and ...

Introduction

How materials behave is dependent on various factors, some of which include their mechanical properties. When the material experiences various loading conditions, its behavior reflects its mechanical conditions as well as the effect of the loading conditions. When a material experiences various loading conditions, the material experiences either shear stress, tensile strength, or compressive strength. The tensile properties of a material relate to its ability support any axial loads to which it is subjected without rapturing (Department of Engineering. 2007). When a material is subjected to tensile stress, the deformation that occurs is in the form of elongation or ...

Retrieved from http://www.uncubemagazine.com/blog/9133113 Retrieved from http://www.uncubemagazine.com/blog/9133113 Trusses are engineering structures common for wide-span buildings like industrial buildings and sports centers with the purpose of reduction the consumption of materials and lightweight design. Figure 1 and Figure 2 show the first SANAA’s industrial building located at the Vitra Campus in Weil am Rhein. The architects of the building were Kazuyo Sejima and Ryue Nishizawa, and its project commissioner was Rolf Fehlbaum, chairman of Vitra. It has a diameter of 160 meters and is 11 meters in height. Inside, the building is divided into two parts for safety reasons. As ...

The Cold War was not only a period in American history where the United States was locked in a massive international rivalry and arms race with the Soviet Union but it was a time of fervent technological, strategic and political development. The United States during World War II had developed a massive new process for technical progress with an applied goal. That is to say, the Manhattan project which culminated with the building of the first ever Atomic bomb was a very important milestone. It showed that civilians and the military could work together for a common goal. While ...

Compare The Pathophysiology Of Chronic Venous Insufficiency And Deep Venous Thrombosis. Describe How Venous Thrombosis Is Different From Arterial Thrombosis. There are various similarities and differences between the pathophysiology of chronic venous insufficiency and deep venous thrombosis. In order to appreciate the pathophysiology of chronic venous insufficiency, it’s important to understand the peripheral venous systems which act as a reservoir and conduit system for storing blood and returning it to the heart. For this system to function properly, it needs a series of valves and muscular pumps that convey blood from the lower-extremity levels of the venous system, ...

Ventilator-associated pneumonia

Abstract The intensive care unit in most hospitals plays the role of providing care to patients dealing with life-threatening conditions. The technological and other set ups in these hospital units are vital in ensuring that these patients continue to receive the best regarding care while with the intentions of having them emerge with desirable outcomes. There are however challenges relating to the care that these patients receive since, in most cases, they are usually under mechanical ventilation. A patient under this condition faces the risk of developing ventilator-associated pneumonia if the ventilators are not handled with the required care. ...

Fuel Cell Technologies in Passenger Cars

Fuel Cell Technology The last decade is characterized by the rapid development of research activity in the field of fuel cells, thus, creating the conditions for their uptake in electric systems. The basic fuel cells’ operating principle has been known for 150 years. However, a variety of technical and financial problems had kept them on the margins of technological applications (Brandon & Hart, 1999). The basic difference between a fuel cell and batteries is that while batteries store energy, fuel cells directly convert a fuel’s chemical energy into electricity by an electrochemical reaction (i.e. Without requiring combustion or movement ...

Question 1: reasons why references are used for technical or academic writing

In technical and academic writing, referencing may be applied to ensure that previous information on a certain subject is acknowledged. The writer, in this case, is able to indicate that indeed he or she has researched related literature concerning the topic at hand and provides information on what has been achieved in the topic of concern. Consequently, once the previous literature has been acknowledged, the writer is able to table his or her position based on the previous information thereby providing a basis for the argument or claim they intend to make. Thirdly, referencing is done to ensure that ...

The revival of the Clayton Spa in Italy revolves around decisions to do with initial costs as well as welfare considerations for the long-serving employees. Additionally, the managers appear to be keen on long term profitability and not short-term considerations ("report on Clayton Industries case Peter Arnell, country manager for Italy"). Both decisions possess merits and demerits in varying measures and their success depend partly on the efficiency and partly on the due diligence of its execution. The ultimate decision by Peter Arnell will involve finding a balance between the two options he is exposed to and investing sparingly ...

■ Meetings with the Supervisor to discuss two previous tasks:

The two previous tasks were delivered in the first ten weeks of the semester. The teacher asked for the quality of used sources. The sources used for the investigation were only scholar sources. Science Direct, Elsevier and Google Scholar were the used databases in the investigation. There are several paid databases where the investigator and university had no subscription. The previous databases offered more than one thousand results referred to composite piles design, but only twenty sources were selected for the investigation. The sources are in a level of master studies and philosophy doctor studies. The consulted sources had ...

Voice over IP

Abstract Organisations and business alike are embracing the use and application of various forms of information technology in their business processes and operations in equal measure. There is a myriad of benefits associated with the use and application of various forms of information technology in business operations and processes. Computer networking has facilitated the advancements currently witnessed in information technology (Jahanirad, AL-Nabhani and Rafidah 4954). While the use and application of information technology have its benefits, it presents various disadvantages as well. Voice over IP is one form of information technology that has been utilised by numerous businesses and ...

Women’s health is an important area to consider. Particularly, the critical stage in their life is the stage when they achieve the motherhood. Numerous care specialists investigated this specific stage so as to gain insights of clinical importance. In such context, the present description deals with a topic, Mammography-Literature review on Breast compression. Briefly, a breast compression refers to ‘breast flattening’ such that the adequate quantity of tissue could be visualized through imaging and tested, during a mammographic examination (Breast Compression,2015) Rationale: Breast compression, at the time of mammography, is one of the various fundamental technical approaches ...

Pt14a

International Management Abstract The film and music industry have both evolved drastically during the past decades. From vinyl records to CD’s to digital mp3 files in the music industry, and from cassette tapes to mp4 files in the film industry. The evolution in both the film and music industry is most likely a result of the practicality demanded by the society. Individuals often seek easier and cheaper alternatives. In both of these relevant industries, the most practical solution is of course to have instant access to demanded content that is merely software and requires no type of disc. ...

Introduction

At times, industries require the temperatures to be kept below the ambient for some processes to be effective. To do so, they must design ways to eliminate the excess heat generated by machines and introduce an artificial room temperature lower than the ambient. They must effectively eliminate temperatures above the ambient. A refrigerator is thus required in these operations. This refers to a device that can maintain the temperature below the ambient. The primary objective of a refrigeration process is to lower the temperature through heat removal. Since its invention, refrigeration has seen used in many industrial and household ...

Chartres, France

The monuments and architecture in ancient times allow talking and narrating about the historical background from the angle of time in which they were built. Through various signs, they inform us about the prosperity, decline of the reigns and empires as well. Thus, they are the major means of communication. They can tell us a lot about the economic, political and religious circumstances of the specific region. They also narrate the contemporary architectural trend. In medieval Europe, especially in France, the Gothic architecture was at its pinnacle. Cathedral Notre-Dame de Chartres is one of the Gothic architecture examples in ...

DEFLECTION OF BEAMSIntroduction

Any kind of modern day construction makes use of a component called structural beam, or beam. A beam helps in adding strength of any design or structure. Generally manufactured using steel, wood, or concrete, it is commonly used for spanning any open element of a structure. In any design work based on iron, steel I beam is the most commonly used one. On the other hand, home-based constructions generally make use of wooden beams. When steel I beam is encased within concrete, it forms a concrete beam and is typically used in the construction of heavy structures, such as ...

Introduction

A refrigerator is an electrical device used in temperature maintenance below ambient temperatures. To achieve this function, the refrigerator should be able to create a heat sink at cold room temperatures a temperature that should be lower than the ambient temperature while at the same time also rejecting heats having higher temperatures than the ambient temperatures. To achieve this refrigerant is forced to undergo evaporation at temperatures lower than the ambient temperature(Griffiths, 1937). When the refrigerant is compressed at high pressure and condensing temperatures above the ambient temperature results in the loss of heat and condensation back to ...

Sound, Waves and Electricity

Question 1 A. As a sound wave through a uniform medium, the wave will experience a gradual reduction in its 1. Power As a sound wave travels through a uniform medium, the amount of energy transmitted into the medium gradually diminishes. This energy which is also the power of the sound wave too diminishes gradually because amplitude in a sound wave is a maximum which diminishes gradually. The speed and frequency of a sound wave travelling through a uniform medium remains constant as the speed and frequency of sound waves are determined by the properties of the medium and ...

The Chartres Cathedral, also known as the Notre-Dame Cathedral located eighty kilometers to the southwest of Paris is perhaps the best-preserved example of Gothic architecture. It stands in the town of Chartres next to the Eure River. The Cathedral has two contrasted spires that are visible from a distance (See figure 1). It was built for a period of 26 years between the years 1194 and 1220 and is the fifth cathedral to stand on its site (visual-arts-cork.com 1). The Chartres Cathedral stands 34 meters high and 130 meters long (visual-arts-cork.com 1). The architecture of the Chartres Cathedral amazes ...

Abstract

A rotary engine is one of the ancient internal-combustion engines ever used. These type of engines were designed with an odd number of cylinder per row in a radial configuration. The crack shaft remained stationary throughout the operation. One advantage of this kind of engine is that it is a simple engine that utilizes less moving components. On the other hand, a piston engine or a reciprocating engine is a heat engine that uses one or several reciprocating pistons. The piston engine converts pressure into a rotating motion. A piston engine has the capability to seal the gap in ...

Project Management

Suppose that you are a project manager, and you face the challenge — to complete the project in a very short period of time. In case the usual working schedule will not allow you to finish a project before the deadline, you will be forced to search for a way out of this complicated situation. One of the possible solutions is increasing the amount of resources to be spent on the development of the project. A project manager can reduce the expected duration of the project by assigning more workers, overtime work, or by assigning additional materials and equipment (Project ...

Introduction

Suspension bridges connect roadways between two land masses by links, ropes or cables hung from two large towers. These towers bolster most of the weight as pressure presses down on the deck of the suspension bridge and after that goes up the links, ropes or binds to transfer pressure to the towers. These bridge towers then disseminate the pressure directly to ground. The metal links on the suspension bridge, then again, have to bear all the bridge’s tensional forces. These cables are suspended across level planes between the two widely separated anchorages. Span docks are basically strong rock ...

(Tutor/Professor) (City, State)

Service Management

Executive Summary Service organizations face numerous challenges in an attempt to please their users. Discontentment and un-satisfaction among service users may lead to the organization in question being unpopular. Organization management differs from one organization to the other. Importantly, an organization can learn from another on how to address certain challenges. This report focuses on two service organizations in a similar industry (American Health Organization and American Red Cross), in relation to CRP. Both organizations offer CRP trainings, in addition to helping victims. The approaches the two employ differ. This report seeks to analyze such differences ...

SimpliMet 1000

A SimpliMet 1000 is an automatic mounting press that is designed to improve productivity and easy use. It’s affordable (cheap) and durable, its safe hydraulic pressure requires no air. SimpliMet 1000 are manufactured by BUEHLER ATW Company located in are Japan, China, Canada, France, Germany, and Britain. A SimpliMet 1000 press is a basic press that is used in a variety of ways. It is used to mount specimens with thermosetting resins such as Phenolics, EpoMet, ProbeMet, KonductoMet, and Diallyl Phthalate. Its mold cylinders are designed to mount specimen as either single or in a duplex. Its mechanically ...

Design and Functionality

Introduction A suit is the modern gentleman's armor. There are many intricate facets of a suit that a company has to consider while crafting such an essential garment; mainly, its functionality. Today, the designers and producers of sportswear focus not only on the attractiveness of their clothes but also on the functionality of the apparel. The demands for this type of clothes has been elevated with the customer’s sophistication, increased competition in the market, the popularity of sport and healthy lifestyle, and the desire to combine comfort and functionality. Sportswear has become a necessary attribute for the sportsmen, ...

Introduction

The Wide-Band Code Division Multiple Access (W-CDMA) is a third generation handset system that achieves high data transmission by utilizing a wider spectrum frequency. Issues that arise in handsets such as a low spectral growth and maintenance of modulation accuracy require a low adjacent channel leakage power ratio (ACLR) especially in the case of the W-CDMA handset systems. High linearization in the portable W-CDMA systems can be improved by increasing the gain compression point that creates the AM-AM distortion. As such this can be achieved by using an on-chip linearizer. A new on-chip active bias circuit can be used ...

Q1 Comparison between Apple’s Ipad Air 2 and HTC Google’s Nexus 9

In terms of screen, the Apple iPad Air 2 offers a new retina HD screen. It should offer a more noteworthy complexity and has preferable survey points over the prior iPad Air however after use very little contrast could be made out. In any case, it has a hostile to glare covering which decreases the reflection by 55 percent. In correlation the Nexus 9 has changed from widescreen configuration of 16:10 to 4:3 proportions. It likewise included dark bars which appear while seeing a video. In the sound segment, numerous analysts favor the Nexus 9's front-confronting speakers to the ...

An automotive engine is a propulsion system responsible for moving automobiles from one place to another. An engine converts energy from a fuel or a battery to the mechanical energy used to spin the wheels, thus setting a vehicle in motion. There are different types of engines used in the automotive industry today. These include internal combustion engines and electricity driven vehicles. The internal combustion engines burn fuels such as petrol, diesel, natural gas or propane. Electric engines are fitted with electromagnetic motors that are powered by electric currents from storage batteries on the vehicle. The sole purpose of ...

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE

Introduction The invention and eventual development of internal combustion engines marked a significant stage in the evolution of engines since it provided a way for industrialists and engineers to build an engine that would suit various applications. Unlike the bulky and messy steam engines, internal combustion engines opened the possibilities of creating smaller, but more efficient engines that can be mounted on different types of machineries. The most common applications of which are in transport vehicles such as the engines used in automobiles, trucks, vessels and planes. Moreover, internal combustion engines are also used in non-mobile applications such as ...

Introduction

Patents are useful for protecting the rights of inventors and innovators who create new technology. The patents provide protection for the idea and in return, the new invention is available to the public for relevant use. The validity of a patent is twenty years. The downside is that no one else can come up with the same idea for those twenty years. Other inventors can use the invention in their products without modifying the base product with a license provided by the patent holder. For example, if an inventor creates a car that runs on water, it will prevent ...

Abstract

This article is about two types of engines; the rotary engine and the piston engine. It examines the differences between the two types of engines and their different areas of application. This refers to the specific cars where the two types are used, as well as the market response with reference to the cars in question. Furthermore, the disadvantages and advantages of the two are closely looked into, where it is determined why the piston engine is most preferred by the auto manufacturers and car enthusiasts. Besides, the article concludes with which engine type is suitable depending on the ...

Process Controls

An efficient compression method comprises of several control processes including machine operation, powder flow, and machine set up. For the tablet compression machine to operate at maximum performance, the machine should be assembled at appropriate tolerances, and the compression tooling should be matched for length. The speeds of powder flow should be coordinated to maintain uniformity. The granulation flow may be controlled by an automated system or by gravity depending on the complexity of the system (Gerhardt). The powder blend should be used to determine the compression machine’s parameters yield the appropriate attributes.

Parameters Monitored

The time used to complete ...

Introduction

Bend (flexure) testing is often done in springs as well in brittle materials whose behaviors of failure are linear like concrete, wood, plastic, glass and ceramics. Bend testing is suitable for evaluating the strength of brittle materials where the results of tensile tests aren’t easy to interpret due to the breaking of specimens around the gripping (Schoffstall, Charles, and Robert 234). In bend testing experiment, smooth rectangular specimens without notches are recommended under three or four point bend arrangements. Figure I below illustrates three point and four point bend arrangements respectively. Figure 1. Bend testing of a smooth ...

Biology

Abstract This is a practical report on human physiology EMG. The experiment recruited 85 subjects to examine the level of the signal emanating from muscle contraction in the lab. Some of the participants were left-handed while some were right handed. Males and females with varying levels of activity were recruited. The results indicated that more males exhibited maximal compression force than females as attested by the higher numbers that returned quickly to half the clench force. The level of activity of the participants positively correlated to slow return to half of the maximal compression force and reduced signs of ...

Discussion and Summary

The analysis of Process Capability of tablet compression process through the use of statistical control charts examines different parameters. Some of the parameters examined by the selected critical process step and quality control steps include; premix blending time, the drying time and method, oscillator screen size, comminutor screen size, loss of drying or granulation, final mix blending time and, final blend (Agalloco and Frederick 80). The analysis reported a consistent value of the premixing test. This indicated the level of efficiency of the process’s ability to maintain the components of premixing blending time within its performance limit. The ...

Introduction

A suit is the modern gentleman's armor. There are many intricate facets of a suit that a company has to consider while crafting such an important garment; mainly, its functionality. Today, the designers and producers of sportswear focus not only on the attractiveness of their cloths, but also on functionality of the apparel. The demands for this type of cloths elevated with the sophistication of the customers, increased competition in the market, popularity of sport and healthy lifestyle, and the desire to combine comfort and functionality. Sportswear has become a necessary attribute for the sportsmen, active sport enthusiasts, and ...

The sound test is a good method to understand the sound difference between the 128 kbps and 320 kbps. There is also a difference in the storage capacity between 128 kbps files and 320 kbps files. The 128 kbps files are lesser in size compared to the 320 kbps files. For MP3 collection my preference would be to store the files in 320 kbps because lower the bit rate, the more obvious compression the files will be. Whatever happens to the MP3 format, compression has a long future as every time a potential expansion of definition, storage, and bandwidth ...