Essays on Respiratory Acidosis

The blood requires a balance between alkaline as well as acid components to function appropriately. Such a balance is referred as acid-base balance. The lungs, as well as kidneys, function to maintain such balance. Whatever variation causes acid-base imbalance. High levels of acid are referred as acidosis, and high alkaline is referred as alkalosis. Metabolic acidosis, as well as alkalosis, results from kidneys problem. Respiratory alkalosis and acidosis occur because of lungs' problem (Schrier 162). The levels or concentrations of acid or alkaline are determined on a scale of pH. Acidity makes pH levels fall, and alkaline condition makes ...

Describe the underlying pathology of COPD and the common pathological characteristics of the condition. Discuss the impact these pathological changes have on normal function, including how alveolar ventilation might be different in Mr Wenham compared to a normal individual. The hallmark pathological attributes of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are one, poorly reversible airflow obstruction and two, a progressive atypical inflammatory response within the lungs. The abnormal inflammatory response denotes the responses of the innate and adaptive immune systems to long-standing exposure to noxious gases and particles especially cigarette smoke. Notably, all cigarette smokers have some degree of inflammation ...

Chronic obstruction pulmonary disorders and treatment options

Chronic Obstruction Disorder disease (COPD) is one the most prevalent cause of morbidity across the globe. It is a curable and partially reversible problem which is manifested by an obstruction in air flow and impaired health status. The patients who have frequent attacks of COPD have worst condition along with acute episodes of symptom exacerbation. The objective of the treatment is to avoid the symptoms through controlling it by including the lung functioning and health status. COPD is linked with abnormal inflammatory response of the lungs to noxious gases or particles. Patients below the age of 35 are at ...

Written Case Study – Pathophysiology II

(Location of the University) 1. Describe the underlying pathology of COPD. What impacts do these pathological changes have on normal physiology? In particular, describe alveolar ventilation in a normal individual and discuss how this might be different in Mr Wenham. (20 marks) Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease or COPD is touted to be the third leading cause of death in the United States of America. In 2010, it has claimed the lives of 134,676 individuals (CDC 2013). By definition, COPD presents persistent blockage of airflow in the lungs — thus interfering normal breathing. Those afflicted with such condition generally ...

The patient was a 24-year-old black male who was brought to the emergency room via an ambulance on June 21 at 03:50 pm. The report indicated that it was a pedestrian versus vehicle accident. The state of the patient reported included acute lung injury, pulmonary contusion, deep road rash extending over right side of axillary region to the abdomen, deep avulsion to the right hip area and exposed muscles. Trauma alert team and the respiratory therapist were called to the bedside. The patient developed respiratory failure and immediately was intubated by the respiratory therapist with an endotracheal tube size 7.5 mm. ...

- Sodium imbalance The normal range for serum sodium levels in adults and older children is 137 to 145 millimoles per litre. A person with more than 145 millimoles of sodium per litre is said to have hypernatremia. A person with less than 137 millimoles per liter is said to have hyponatremia. George’s sodium imbalance could be as a result of lung carcinoma which he suffers from. Lung carcinoma is known to cause syndrome of inappropriate anti diuretic hormone. This syndrome results in the abnormal secretion of anti-diuretic hormone. The increase in the levels of anti-diuretic hormone ...

Regulation of body pH occurs either through pH regulation or pH compensation. Regulation occurs as a combined effort of buffer systems, and respiratory and renal systems. Normal metabolism produces acidic wastes, for example, carbonic and lactic acid. These products increase acidity of body fluids and cause a shift in body pH away from the normal alkaline nature. Buffers help to prevent the shift towards an acidosis, and hence maintain pH of the blood and the body. Buffers also facilitate maintenance of narrow pH ranges of body fluids. Maintenance of this narrow range is crucial since biochemical reactions are affected by concentration ...