Essays on Mitochondria

Peroxisome is one of the membrane organelles of the eukaryotic cell. It is a small (about 0.2 – 1.5 micron) elliptic body bounded by a membrane. The core of the peroxisome is often made of the crystal-like structures. They located in the center of the organelle and are covered by granular matrix. Peroxisomes exist both in plant and animal cells; their amount varies between 70-100 organelles per cell. In humans and mammals the highest concentration of peroxisomes is found in liver and kidneys. Detoxification is one of the main functions of this organelle. It contains the enzyme called catalase that ...

Cellular respiration equation:

C6H12O6+6O2→6CO2+6H2O+38ATP. Glucose+Oxygen→Carbon dioxide+Water+38ATP.

Photosynthesis equation:

6CO2+6H2O+sunlight, nutrients→C6H12O6+6O2. Carbon dioxide+Water→Glucose+Oxygen. Respiration and photosynthesis are opposite processes. It means that products of cellular respiration are reactants of photosynthesis and vice versa: the products of photosynthesis are reactants for cellular respiration. It is known that plants are autotrophs. Thus, they have to realize cellular respiration because they need energy for their existence. Due to cellular respiration, they receive energy, which is used to make organic compounds (glucose) and oxygen during photosynthesis. From the other side, people are heterotrophs. They ...

Cells are the building blocks of many structures in biology. In their most basic classification, there are prokaryote and eukaryote cells. These two cell types differ in their structure. Prokaryotes typically consist of ribosomes, a cell membrane, and nucleic material. On the other hand, eukaryotes contain membrane-bound organelles, such as Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, a nucleus, and endoplasmic reticulum. Both types of cells also have nucleic acid as a form of genetic material. The prokaryote has circular DNA which is not associated with histone proteins; whereas the eukaryote has linear DNA with histone proteins present to help organize and protect ...

Introduction

Cellular respiration and photosynthesis are vital reactions in living organisms since without the two; there would be no life on earth. Cellular respiration involves a set of metabolic reactions that take place in cells of living organisms thereby converting nutrients like sugar into adenosine triphosphate (ATP) (Osterhoudt & Barhydt, 2010). On the other hand, photosynthesis involves the conversion of carbon dioxide into organic compounds by the photoautotroph in the presence of sunlight. Most animals attain their energy requirements through cellular respiration while on the other hand; photosynthesis is performed by most plants that can make their food. These two reactions ...

Biology

(Department)

DNA and its importance in our lives

Introduction Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a long linear polymer located in the nucleus of a cell. It is developed from nucleotides and shaped like a double helix. It is related to the transmission of hereditary information from one generation to the second generation. DNA contains the information for the development as well as reproduction of an organism, thereby leading to a normal life. In the year 1953, James Watson, a biologist, and Francis Crick, a physicist, discovered the structure of DNA in a laboratory in England (LEROY, 2003). The structure of DNA helped scientists to know the process ...

{Author Name [first-name middle-name-initials last-name]} {Institution Affiliation [name of Author’s institute]} A cell is a form of the miniature factory that encloses a distinct chemical system that is involved in structural maintenance, homeostasis, energy generation and reproduction. Every organism is made of these structural living units. The cell divides and produces more cells and assists in the growth of the organism. There are two types of cells, eukaryotic and prokaryotic. Eukaryotic cells are characterised by a membrane-bound nucleus enclosing the genetic material. The Eukaryotic cells can be divided into three main parts, plasma membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus (Cooper & ...

The aging process occurs during a person’s lifespan. Nobody can escape this process and it happens to everyone. Aging is associated with maturation, growth, and discovery (Cohen et al., 2015). Many abilities of human beings peak before the age of 30, but there are other abilities that continue to grow and develop throughout the life of a person. Most people who are over the age of 65 are healthy, fully independent, and happy while others start experiencing signs of deterioration. These changes are normal and not harmful. The hair thins and start turning gray and skins thins and ...