Essays on Sporting

Introduction

The advancement of information and communications technologies continues to transform the sports industry as athletes gain new and more advanced ways sporting activities and strategies. Technologies evolve over time and so do sports causing a major transformation of the sports' industry. The study of technology and sports plays a crucial role in understanding the relationship between the athlete's performance in the field and the available technologies to promote such performance. Moreover, the integration of technology in sports led to the discovery of major sports concussion and their causes. The following paper describes the understanding of sports and technology focusing ...

What defense might be raised in this case?

In the case of Dr. Nalwa, the defendant can raise the defense of primary assumption of risk. The defense in commonly brought up in sporting activities where a participant voluntarily and willingly chooses to take part in the game despite being cognizant of the fact that he or she may be injured or incur some form of loss(Owen, 2014). Dr. Nalwa willingly and voluntarily chose to engage in the sport of bumper car riding. No one compelled her to participate in the same. By dint of the voluntariness, it is presumed that she was aware of risks inherent ...

Introduction

Under Armour is the brainchild of Kevin Plank who initiated the company in 1996, which has grown to a multi-billion business venture operating in the American market and producing accessories and sports clothing. It is among the largest suppliers of casual and sportswear apparel in the Americas. The company is headquartered in Baltimore, Maryland with franchises across Houston, Austin, Denver, Texas, New York and other major states in North and South America. Further, Forbes notes that Under Armour’s core business is the manufacture, marketing, and distribution of branded sports apparel including footwear, accessories for men and women and ...

The article “Youth sports programs: An avenue to foster positive youth development."

Over the years, the increase in drug use and delinquency among the youths has triggered the need to establish ways of promoting positive developments and increased after-school programs. According to the article, the establishment of youth sports is essential since it has resulted in positive outcomes when positive designs and supportive relationships are established (Fraser-Thomas 19). Several organizations have created voluntary platforms for the youths where they engage in activities such as hobbies, arts, sports, music among other initiatives aimed at obtaining positive developments. The voluntary organizations and activities allow the youths to become motivated, challenged and put more ...

Abstract

Career exploration is necessary for any individual pursuing a professional course as it equips them with a better understanding for them to be able to plan their career development. Career exploration enables one to identify the challenges in any profession and the salary scale. As a matter of fact career exploration is considered important by those who want to map a path for their careers. As such it is not a luxury but a critical element in career growth. It enables an individual to pursue a relevant course that will better place them to make significant career progress within ...

Introduction

One could hardly imagine a resident of the developed country who has never delved into such aspect of popular culture as sport – either by buying a soccer ticket, buying exactly the same sneakers model David Beckham was wearing in that Adidas commercial, following the Olympics on TV or hunting some rare baseball cards. In the modern world, sport activities have become extremely different from the leisure games they used to be as they were invented. In the recent decades, significant societal, economic, political and cultural transformations turned sport not just into a socially meaningful phenomenon but rather in an ...

Introduction

The process of managing individuals whether in business or sport is an intricate task and demands a compassionate appreciation of the multilateral roles needed (Crust and Lawrence, 2006). The position of manager in sports represents a tempestuous as well as a stressful occupation where persons are publicly held answerable for the performance of the team. Some football managers have been heavily criticized for not spending enough in buying top players to help their teams win trophies. For instance, as Kulper (2013) reports, Arsenal fans complain that the team manager refuses to purchase the costly players who can compete with ...

Tourism, hospitality management sectors are interlinked to each other to some extent and it is argued that Tourism, hospitality management are interrelated and have many cross-relationship to cover the entire sector together. Tourism and hospitality are closely related but not mutually exclusive; as hospitality is the least concerned with providing the needs of tourists. The definitions of hospitality and tourism field falls under “travel and tourism”. It is sensible to study the linked sectors together in detail on strategy and operation level. This research describes and demonstrates the close interaction between the tourism and hospitality; and flexibility of the ...

There exist several different unofficial classifications of social media users and internet users in general. The most practical, for the purpose of market segmentation, is provided by WebGeekly.com where social media users are divided into six groups, namely: creators, critics, collectors, joiners, spectators and the inactive (Von Brockdorff, 2013). The names of the groups define the characteristics of its members. The target group for the strategy outlined below is the spectators. They are the most numerous and contribute heavily toward reviews and ratings. The focus of the plan is on longevity and viability. The first step in this strategy ...

Managing diversity in the business management context

Ethnicity and discrimination based on gender in the labour market have been highly prevalent in recent years with many nations and their governments searching for alternative strategies and developing policies to reduce it. Education has for so long been perceived as the only avenue through which this menace can be addressed, and policymakers have been trying to regulate it in such a way as to offer equal opportunities to all individuals. There has been a marked improvement in registration into institutions of higher learning by young BME people in recent years in the UK. This is mainly fueled by ...

Management in Sporting Industry

Management in Sporting Industry Sports industry has been prominent in recent years, making it possible for people who are naturally attracted to sports to pursue sports-related courses in various fields that suit them. To make it even more interesting, women have also been involved in internationals sports particularly football, drawing more attention towards international football. The fact that women are also engaging in international football is a positive aspect to all people across the world especially women, to see that they can actually do what they love and what they are most passionate about. On the same note, even ...

Values across Cultures

McDonalds is one of the leading fast food companies around the world. Being a business entity that operates in different parts of the world, the company interacts with different values across various cultures that it has to adhere to in order to operate successfully. In New Zealand, McDonalds has been successful mainly due to its ability to embrace the culture in its environment and make various stakeholders comfortable. Matt, a crew member in one of McDonalds’ Restaurants in New Zealand, explains the working environment at McDonalds in New Zealand. The employees are friendly amongst themselves and they are allowed ...

NIKE is a recognized brand all over the world, which can boast of quality goods as well as services. In order to sustain such success, the company commits itself to sustainable development as well as the maintenance of effective distribution channels (NIKE News, 2010). The retail model of NIKE is based on three major principles: selling goods to American and international wholesalers, direct-to-consumer (DTC) sales, and selling products to global divisions (Soni, 2014). In addition, e-commerce has become increasingly popular among NIKE’s partners and buyers. Therefore, the current paper addresses such topics as electronic, franchise, service-based and international ...

Religion and sports have a long history that has lasted through millenniums. Sometimes the two old acquaintances have worked together, and sometimes they have been in conflict, but they have retained some form of connection. Wherever one of the two exists, there are at least small vestiges of the other. Even in the highest forms and levels of sports there lurks religion, just as the competition of sorts always appears even in the highest levels of the church. Given the long history that the two have shared, it is only natural to conclude that religion continues to shape the ...

The article Going for the Gold: The Economics of the Olympics by Robert A. Baade and Victor A. Matheson provides a good insight into the economic implications for hosting the Olympic Games that take place after every two years. The host cities experience both positive and negative economic implications as a result of the economic activities undertaken before, during and after the Olympic Games. The developing countries should be very keen on the decision to bid for the tender of hosting the Olympic Games because they are largely affected by the economic constraints of such events as compared to ...

The case of G.G. ex rel. Grimm v. Gloucester City Sch. Bd. sets an important precedent in the gender identity of the transgender persons and the treatment they should receive in public facilities. In this case, the applicant was born a male, but began to transition to a female in his teens. The main issue of determination in an appeal is whether denying a male transgender access to boy’s bathroom could be construed to be a form of discrimination falling under Title IX protection. As of now, the issue is limited to use in public bathrooms, but will ...

Sports and gaming activities are arranged worldwide to cultivate positive feelings and enhance physical abilities of individuals. Sports define the culture of any country, and the US does have rich sports culture. People in the US believe in engaging themselves in sports that enhance their physical abilities and promotes emotional stability. The paper highlights sporting guides and purpose of guides among the museumgoers while emphasizing over the late nineteenth century American sports. American Museum of Sport aims to create awareness through the display of guides published in souvenir program in the exhibition arranged. The target is to create awareness ...

Introduction

The quarterback serves as the offensive head of a football team. He is responsible for setting up the plays in order for the team to gain yards. His plays can be seen in different ways such as passing or running (Strauss, n.d). Depending on the decision of the team during huddle, the quarterback must be the one to ensure the success of their plays. Unfortunately, not all the plays made by the quarterback are successful. There are several factors which contribute to the failure of the plays, such as failure of execution of the designated roles, being outsmarted by ...

Nowadays globalization is developing rapidly; more and more companies establish their subsidiaries in the foreign countries. Many organizations have presence all around the world. This process has either advantages or disadvantages; however, companies receive mostly positive outcomes of globalization, such as access to the new markets and outstanding talent, outsourcing of production and R&D, learning the experience of the foreign colleagues, and etc. This reported is devoted to identification of the ways of international business strategy’s improvement for Adidas Company.

Globalization

Globalization has made significant changes of the world economy. It foresees the following aspects: Nations differences: the competitive ...

While the English language is constantly evolving, the overuse of words in the wrong context diminishes their meaning and value. The word “hero” is constantly being used, especially in the media, to apply to anything from sporting personalities to sporting shoes (Nike, 2016) to sandwiches. The book by Christopher and Smith (2007), entitled Greatest Sports Heroes of All Time, uses the word “hero” in the wrong context. In this context, the word “hero”” has been widely used to describe any person of prominence in the sporting world who has ever achieved something noteworthy, when in fact these people, while ...

Muhammad Ali

Everyone has their own prototypes to follow such as idols, parents, friends or neighbors with motivating and inspiring life experience. World history has various examples of the famous persons’ biographies and after its reading people are inspired for accomplishing any goals. It can be people who lived a century ago or our contemporaries. Someone considers sportsmen to be successful, others find politicians, entrepreneur or singers more inspiring. However, they are united by the common trait, which is leadership. Nowadays, when the world is changing rapidly, the ideas of those leaders continue to be relevant and contribute to the people ...

Introduction.2-3

Background.3-4 Discussion4-10 Support of E-Sports as Sports.5-7 Opposition to E-Sports as Sports7-8 Responses to Objections.8-9 Conclusion10-11

Work Cited.12

INTRODUCTION On October 19, 2014, more than 40,000 fans crowded into the sold-out World Cup Stadium in Seoul, South Korea, to watch a highly anticipated final match of a world championship series. The massive audience did not pack into the stadium to watch a concert. They did not come out in droves to witness teams of football players make touchdowns. They did not scream and cheer as men made baskets in a tense basketball game. This was not a traditional sporting event; ...

(University/College/Institute)

Globalization and cultural

Contracting out has been a consistently debate. Whether the purpose of companies to outsource was to skirt around unions, maximize profits by taking advantage of the lower labor costs in another country, or just to exploit the technical expertise of expatriate contractors, the end result is that jobs are lost and others will gain owing to lower wages in that country. The animosity grows when one considers the distance and the ‘chasm’ of the wages in the country of the outsourcing company and those in the country of the contracting country (Pearlstein, 2012). However, though traditionally outsourcing gives ...

Market strategies are effective when they identify and understand the audience and select appropriate channels to reach their audience. Effective marketing also differentiates itself from competitors. . Red Bull has accomplished these effective strategies, not only by using traditional modes of marketing communications, but also in using non-traditional strategies. Traditional strategies of marketing communications include the use of magazine advertisements, television spots, billboards and direct mailing of information or samples. Promotions through the use of discounts, rebates, contests, events and sponsorships or endorsements are also traditional methods. Non-traditional methods may include the creation of an entire magazine or the promoting ...

Abstract

The above paper seeks to explain the significance of celebrity endorsement in marketing and its rationale in enhancing brand awareness. However, the paper indicates that celebrity endorsement may have a negative or positive influence on consumer behavior. The paper starts with an introduction to the significant use of celebrity endorsement in advertisements. The paper then indicates the application of the concept in integrated marketing and how it is used as an effective tool to enhance communication. In a different section, the study suggests the importance of celebrity endorsement in influencing consumer behavior with a warning that efficient management of ...

Introduction

The SA Aquatic & Leisure Centre is located in the City of Marion, South Australia, and provides 1,000 square meters of leisure water. It was built after an increase in demand for more comprehensive sporting facilities in the area. With the support of the local government, the centre was built to host international and national aquatic sporting events. The motivation for this was to bring back elite sport into the state of South Australia. Not only does the centre host elite sporting events, but it also has facilities for the general public to enjoy all year around. In addition ...

The cohesive and all-sided education policy in the U.S. and some other Western countries includes a strong focus on the ‘holistic’ development of young individuals, which means combining development of not just mind alone but also body. Therefore, athletics has been literally embedded in the academic culture in multiple levels (Sitkowski17). However, given the nature of the issue, the correlation and impact of both athletics and academics on the individual’s performance and development outcomes have been debatable. Supporters of athletics and especially intercollegiate sports typical for the U.S. education system argue that sport is extremely helpful in building ...

Implementation of a Biometric Gun Control Technology

Implementation of a Biometric Gun Control Technology

Organization Background

Keystone Sporting Arms (KSA), LLC is a gun manufacturer company located in Pennsylvania, United States. It was founded by Bill and Steve McNeal who were firearm auctioneers. The two were fascinated by a Chipmunk .22 caliber rifle that was presented to them by a gentleman in 1994 during one of the auctioning days ("Keystone Sporting Arms, LLC", n.d.). The duo contacted the manufacturer who offered to sell the company but once the deal didn’t materialize, they took upon themselves to start manufacturing of riffles. With support from design engineers, trademarks experts, ...

Introduction

Sharp Park, which is named after George Sharp, has a long, rich history. Mr. Sharp owned a more than 400-acre estate that he established with a vision for the San Francisco residents to enjoy recreation in a natural setting. When he died together with his wife, the property was left to the San Francisco City Council under strict instructions that it would only be used for recreational purposes. Sharp Park is in California off Highway 1 along the Pacific Ocean, San Francisco. It has existed since 1917; the golf course was established in 1930s. In 1941-internment camp was established ...

Environmental Scan

Under Armour is a sporting apparel manufacturer and wholesaler for women, men and youth. Their products feature special moisture-wick fabrics engineered in a diverse range of styles and designs for the performance athlete in any climate and at any age. Under Armour's products are worn by athletes at all levels including professional as well as consumers living active lifestyles. In 2015, Under Armour grew approximately 20% in revenues from year prior, generating global revenues of $4..9 billion and maintaining an operating income of $503 million.(Mann 2016) The majority of its net revenues are generated from wholesale sales of ...

The Roman Empire was among the strongest empires in all mankind. The empire has a rich history and portrays how strategic tactics and power can run an empire efficiently. It was characterized by an autocratic form of government which meant the top most leaders made all the essential decisions (Boner, 10). The Empire had a large territorial area within the Mediterranean which extended into present-day Africa, Europe and Asia. Rome history begins at the time it was referred to as Rome Republic and ran by royal Rome. Their Imperial was in command and was represented by the senate, assembly, ...

  Fashion can carry significant meanings about culture, tradition and the outlook of people around the world. Fashion not only encompasses many social issues but also individual backgrounds of people, and it can be a very useful tool in expressing one’s personal identity. According to Barber, "Fashion has also been used in reference to language usages, literature, food, dance music, recreation, indeed the whole range of social and culture elements" (Barber, 1993). Throughout history it has been evident that, fashion has revealed itself during the evolution and revolution of many aspects of issues, including but not limited to class ...

(Name of author)

Introduction

A community sports project aims at increasing participation in a particular sport through nurturing talent and making playing the sport enjoyable for young people. These projects are carried out by sports coaches who provide quality coaching and physical activities for the children. The project I was involved in was coaching football to teenagers between the ages of 16 and 17 years at Barking Football Club. My experience coaching the teenagers was very helpful as I got to work on my weaknesses and utilize my strengths. Before the project, I did not have a lot of confidence ...

Introduction

The present malaise over the place of sports management and its future as a discipline in academics offers a substantial basis for visualizing the directions and needs for the growth and development of this field. The development of this area requires two streams of research that are complementary: one that is anchored in sports phenomena, and one that tries out the relevance and use of theories deduced from other disciplines. Salubrious socialization, health, national pride, community development and economic development are the five most usual current legalizations for sport. (Stolar, 1996)The esteem of sport in each instance depends ...

Volleyball Officiating

Volleyball Officiating Officiating is a central aspect of any sporting activity. It is the avenue through which the winner of any sporting event is decided. In volleyball, referees play a significant role in ensuring that the players observe the rules of the game and ensure that the competing teams do so fairly.

As a referee selected to officiate a game where the teams are made up of young people, I should not only act as an official but also as a special trainer. This is because I will help the learners know more about volleyball. The officiating in this ...

Introduction

Performance enhancement in sports has been a controversial topic over the years. Specifically, sports organizations prefer the utilization of performance enhancement drugs to enhance their efficiency in the sporting activities while other humanitarian and government organizations raise concerns over the negative impacts of these drugs. As such, this paper discusses the negative impacts associated with performance enhancement drugs to the human body and the ethical concerns that emerge from this approach. In many instances, PEDs have been reported to enforce significant resiliency among the users and this is an advantage to sportsmen due to the enhancement of biological functions ...

Introduction

An elite athlete development system refers to a process whereby a significant period of time is taken to nurture young talents so that they can develop into elite athletes in their respective sporting activities. These games range from football, athletics, swimming, tennis, basketball, and much more. The process mainly focuses on the continual improvement of skills and understanding of the game. All the coaches in this process are ultimately improving and preparing players so that they can move to the next stage of development. Who will be the next Lionel Messi, Tiger Woods or even Venus Williams? With the ...

The brand chosen is Adidas group located in German that strives to be the international leader in the industry of sports. It has managed to build a passion and lifestyle for sports. It is also a company that focuses on the consumers (Reference for Business). The company has been operating an efficient chain of supply that manages its transport and distribution. However, it has a weak distribution network. It has extensive and diverse operations in various countries. This has then made it difficult to strengthen their network of distribution. The chain of supply is also long and complicated as ...

Introduction

In the winter prevalent nation, skiing is a sport as well as a leisure activity for many. This activity is favored by the snowy conditions, in particular on the continent of the extremes of the tropics. According to (SkiCanada.org, 2013), skiing is a sport that takes place by sliding down the snow covered mountains using fixed metallic rods to facilitate sliding. However, with the rapidly changing climate, the world is paying the price of the global warming. This, therefore, poses a challenge to the ancient skiing activities as the amount of snow keeps on decreasing at alarming rates. The ...

Sharp Park named after George Sharp has such a long history. Mr. Sharp had more than 400-acre estate that he established. When he died together with his wife, the property was left to the San Francisco City Council under strict instructions that it would only be used for recreational purposes. Sharp Park is in California off Highway 1 along the Pacific Ocean, San Francisco. It has existed since 1917; the golf course was established in 1930's. In 1941-internment camp was established in the park that provided medical service, food, shelter and employment opportunities to San Francisco residents. When Pearl ...

Part A

Child’s name: ___________________________________________ Staff member completing form: ___________________________________________ Behavior: ___________________________________________ Date(s) data collected: ___________________________________________ The child’s behavior is important in influencing the productivity of others in class or in the field. The behavior also influences other children’s behaviors as children look to imitate behaviors that are highly irritable and makes them easily noticeable. Additionally, the behavior is also critical when it comes to security concerns of other children around him. There is a high probability that other children could be injured as a result of the anger that a child holds and reacts to when ...

Sexism in sports

Over the years, it has been observed that there is inequality in sports. This fact has prompted many people to research on the matter. The research shows that gender inequality began from the history of the universe. Gender inequality in sports has been depicted in several books and TV programs. An example is sexing the body written by Anne Fausto-Sterling. In the first chapter, the book discusses how people's notion of sexuality and gender is based on social construct (Fausto-Sterling). This fact can be observed from the way women are treated in the society. There are some cultures, which ...

Chapter 3

Mission Statement The Adidas Corporation aims to become a world leader in manufacturing sports-related products by developing brands that exhibit the passion and lifestyle of athletes. The enterprise is committed to strengthening its image and competitive position. Their mission is categorized into four fundamental postulates: dedication, globalization, innovation, and consumer focus. This essay entails an overview of the Adidas Group.

Strategic Marketing Position

Adidas hopes to obtain a larger market share in the sporting industry. To do so, the firm has to enhance its position by having specific target markets instead of taking on the entire market. Adidas must narrow its focus ...

(The Name of the Class) (The Name of the Instructor) (The Name of the Institution) (Location of Institution)

Transforming the Modern Olympic Games

Introduction “Although it is disappointing that softball was not reinstated in the Olympics, we are going to continue to keep growing the sport.”—Jennie Finch The above quotation by Jennie Finch alludes to one of the various changes that the modern Olympic Games have undergone over the years. There are many who can argue both for and against those changes. This is because these changes have both yielded positive and negative effects as it pertains to the organization of the Games. ...

The AEG Sustainability Program

Introduction Sustainability should be of great concern to all companies in the events industry. Their business activities have a great impact on the environment. There are many new developments in sustainability, both in theory (including an increasing body of academic literature) and in practice (such as new industry guidelines, accounting frameworks like Triple Bottom Line, and corporate certification schemes) (Sachs, 2015). Corporate management in events companies is, of course, in the best position to make business decisions consistent with the growing awareness of sustainability issues. However, other corporate stakeholders can also become engaged when necessary to assure that their ...

Introduction

The employment of various members of staff is a crucial role in Sports Centre Organizations. Essentially, every sports organization has to create a match between the employees, workforce and career paths, to ensure effective utilization of workforce potential as well as cost effective recruitment process. The Human Resource Management provides a clear forecast of the future needs of the sports organization to ensure it has the required human resources to implement its objectives (Chernushenko, 2001). HRM is managed and regulated by the human resource manager, and aims to maximize the productivity of any organization by optimizing the effectiveness of ...

The Beijing 2008 Olympic Games are considered the most spectacular sporting events ever held in the history of sports. This is because of the luxurious and amazing ceremonies together with the elevated standards of competition that ranged from marathon and javelin to yachting. It is considered the competition that hosted most sporting activities in the history or sports. One may ask how the environment in Beijing where the sports took place was. In Olympics, the three pillars are sports, culture, and environment. The environment fared well in terms of the sustainability and also contributed positively to the green legacy ...

Sport is a very interactive activity; there is a need for two-way communication between the athletes for a better understanding of each other, and also the game. The main aim of the athletes or the teams involved is to emerge the victors. And due to the tension built up during such competitions, it is important to take a close look at sporting activities between different kinds of sportsmen. In this case, we are going to look at the relationship between the sporting event in a high school and tertiary level, in this instance, a college. The human body tends ...

Interactive Assignment

Following the interactive assignment requirements, I followed the guidelines as stated in exploring the events that transpire in a community sporting event. The guidelines of the interactive activity include observing the interaction among the fans, the interaction between players and coaches, opinions of the coaches about the players’ parents, comparing sports in different countries, interviewing trainers and physical therapists, and comparing sporting events in high schools and colleges. This paper shows the responses to the guideline of comparing football as a sport in different countries worldwide.

The football sport is among the leading and most common sports activities globally. ...

1.2 Religion, Mega Events, and Tourism 1.2.1 Introduction This section seeks to discuss into detail the association and interrelationship between religion, mega events, and tourism. In essence, the section reviews some of the perspective, observations, and critiques of these three aspects by previous authors. Jafari (1988) acknowledges that sporting events such as the Olympic Games, FIFA World Cup, Expo, and other related competitions which mostly attract audience from every part of the globe play a significant role in determining the tourism patterns. Understandably, they provide tourism opportunities for the host countries bearing in mind that visitors flock into the ...

Uncountable similarities, as well as differences, are evident in the world of sports across boundaries of states of culture, violence, and gender. An example of “self-difference” is that sport can have different names in different countries, for instance, in the United States, football is popularly referred to like soccer, different from the name “football” in the rest of the world, but all the same, it is a similar sport. In Europe, football is the most popular sporting activity where several leagues are played under several Federations, for example, Barclays Premier League in England, Serie A in Italia, Ligue 1 ...

Brand Positioning-Nike Inc.

Introduction A company’s brand positioning depicts a lot of its success or failure. According to Sengupta, (2005) brand positioning refers to a marketing strategy that is aimed to make a brand occupy a specific position in the minds of its customers about its competitors. Most companies apply this strategy by emphasizing on its distinguishing features or create a suitable image, especially through advertising. Similarly, Clifton, Simmons & Ahmad (2003) argues that it is target consumer’s main reason to purchase your products in preference to others. Almost all successful companies have made themselves distinct from their competitors; the Nike ...

Communication

During every sporting event there is always positive and negative communication. At a local sporting event, featuring a peewee league of young boys, I observed how fans communicated with each other and found it was primarily based on which team they were for, as well as if they felt their favorite player was being treated fairly. I assumed before my observation began that positive and negative communication would be relatively equal throughout the day. My hypothesis was based on the idea that if fans of the same team acted positively toward one another and fans of opposing teams acted ...

A company’s culture according to Melisa Agnes is tangible in that outsiders, and customers can sense a real difference between one company’s employee and those of another organization. For instance, one company may have a culture that is characterized by innovation, excitement and collaboration, motivating employees to disregard the regular work hours and do anything necessary to get a job done regardless of the time of day. Conversely, another company may have a conservative culture with the clock –watching employees, doing only what is required and only if it is written in their job description. According to ...

Sport officiating is the supervision of sporting activities in accordance with laid down rules. It is the mandate of umpires, referees and judges to officiate the game by observing, interpreting events and making decisions aimed at ensuring a smooth sporting experience for both the players and the spectators (Smid, 2015). Sports are a unifying factor and draw people from various sections of the community. Therefore, officiating involves often handling diverse groups under different types of settings. The various groups include the aged, disabled, young, indigenous groups, ethnically diverse groups, religious groups and individuals from various socio-economic statuses. Handling diverse ...

Communication

Introduction The National Football League or NFL is a professional American Football organization which consists of 3 teams that are equally divided between the American Football Conference and the National Football Conference (Jozsa, 2004, p. 270). The organization was found in 1920 and was named as American Professional Football Association before it renamed itself in 1923. They agreed to merge with the American Football League in 1966 and after that, the first Super Bowl was held. However, it was only considered a sporting event until 1973 where it began transforming into a culture. The Super Bowl is considered to ...