Essays on Diarrhea

The Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) is one of the most recent epidemics in Western Africa. People fear this type of disease due to its contagious characteristic and high mortality rate. The EVD is caused by the groups of Ebola viruses and it could affect humans and several species of primates. In 2015, there are more than 28,000 cases of EVD reported in West Africa which resulted to more than 11,000 deaths (Uyeki et al. np). Challenges to combat the effects of this epidemic have been the major barriers in West Africa such as lack of resources and ...

Introduction

The Ebola virus has existed for centuries. Like all life forms and viruses, it has been changing and adapting since the beginning of time to survive. Despite this the disease did not make itself known until the twentieth century. However, once the virus revealed itself only three major outbreaks have occurred. There were two in 1976 and one which took started in 2014 (CDC, 2015). The latest outbreak has been the longest and worst, effecting numerous countries such as, Mali, Nigeria, Liberia and Senegal in West Africa (CDC, 2015). This paper will look at the scientific aspects of the ...

Abstract

Rose hip (Rosa Canina), often cultivated for its fruits, are orange-red oval berries, which seeds (including shells) are used in supporting the treatment of bladder infection, diarrhea, diabetes, and related conditions often in the form of a 3-g powdered seeds capsule. Its seed oil contains ascorbic acid, carotenoids, polyphenols, and GOPO, which reduces inflammation and pain, and lowers inflammatory markers. Extraction methods used include solvent extraction, supercritical fluid extraction, and subcritical fluid extraction. Licensed rose hip supplement products include Hyben Vital and LitoZin/i-flex. Hyben Vital dosage is twice daily for 3 to 4 months to reduce osteoarthritic pain and ...

ABSTRACT

There are so many things in the world that can make people very sick and in some cases can claim their lives. That being said if there are ways to avoid sickness then it should be embraced. Foodborne illnesses are all too common in modern society. Again, they are very common, but also highly preventable. If businesses and the general public dedicate themselves to greater efforts in food safety then these illnesses would never really be a threat. Understanding foodborne illness better it is best to look at some of the most common sources of foodborne illness, including Salmonella, ...

Amphetamines are synthetic drugs. Similar to amphetamine type are amphetamine, methamphetamine, methylphenidate, dexamphetamine and phenmetrazine. First amphetamines were produced in 1920 and they immediately began to be used in medical practice. These drugs are believed to relieve fatigue and drowsiness, as well as decreased appetite, however, they constant use increases the risk of addiction and almost for sure lead to negative consequences. Since 1950, in the US drugs of the amphetamine group were appointed as an aid for weight loss and against depression. It was easily accessible, which is why students began to use it as a non-medical stimulant ...

Detailed Outline

I. Abstract

A. Brief summary of the project

What is Ebola Where Ebola originated and the causes for it In this respect, J. Boulton states that Ebola was “up until now a little known tropical disease”. (Boulton, 2015) The purpose is to show why the Ebola has evolved from the unknown disease to an epidemic that swept all over Africa and threatened the rest of the world.

Studies conducted on Ebola and why they are important.

II. Introduction Ebola is a dangerous disease, also known as Ebola virus disease(EVD) or Ebola hemorrhagic fever. It is caused in humans by ebolaviruses. The main symptoms of the disease involve vomiting and diarrhea as well as ...

Policy Number: 7.0

Section: Health _________________________________________________________________________ Policy: This is a child care facility for children free from illness, only. Parents are responsible for familiarizing themselves with the illness policies, while the teachers are responsible for enforcing these policies and maintaining a healthy child care environment for all.

Procedure:

A child showing symptoms of sickness, or cannot participate in activities throughout a normal day, cannot be brought to the child care facility. The teacher is responsible for the following procedures:

A visual inspection at drop-off will screen the child for the following symptoms:

Fever: temperature of 101°F orally or 102°F rectally. Fever, plus additional symptoms such as vomiting, diarrhea, earache, rash, or confusion. Diarrhea: production ...

(University/Institute/ College)

Climate change and health: discussion and impacts

In the span of two centuries, humans have done what no other species has been able to accomplish-to impact the basic functioning of the planet. Scientists call this era as the “Anthropocene;” it was at this time in history wherein humans became the commanding species on the planet resulting in massive disruptions in the planet’s ecological and geophysical operations. Prior to the era, the climate was stable in the Holocene period and before that the Pleistocene period was primarily marked by significant glacial movements (McMichael, 2011, pp. 187-188). With regards to global health, the impacts of ...

Question 1

It is evident that particulate matter is becoming increasingly concentrated in Asia as reported by WHO. Power plants, dust storms, fossil fuels burning in vehicles as well as various industrial facilities result in highly significant amounts of particulates in the Asian continent. People in countries such as Pakistan, Bangladesh, India, and Nepal are prone to and in most cases suffer from aggravating respiratory and heart diseases such as emphysema, bronchitis, and asthma. Bronchitis, characterized by coughing up of dry mucus which is sometimes colored, is an inflammation of the lining of the bronchial tubes that carry air to the ...

Subjective History

The patient is a 10-year-old male with a five-day history of diarrhea and a four-day history of emesis. The brother also presented with similar symptoms. Although there was some language barrier, the father of the patient was able to relay that the two brothers had chicken which they, later on, ate in the next day. However, sine then they have been feeling bad as they presented with the symptoms described earlier. The patient described that he has had diarrhea four to five times in a single day for the last five days as well as emesis quite frequently for ...

1) Population growth and overpopulation is one of the major problems of every developing country. The factors that influence population growth are: a) Women getting married at early ages lead to a high birth rate. b) Provision of health benefits to children, women and the elderly have contributed to decreased mortality rate, and thus increased birth rate. c) Lack of family planning contributes to increased birth greatly. According to census, The United States population as on June 11, 2016 is 323,747,258 with one birth in every eight seconds, one death in every seconds and one international migrant ...

Naso-duodenal tube feeding is recommended for hospitalized patients. This means that Sharyn does not need the assessment of the caretakers and the important home details. However, like any other patient, Sharyn needs to be psychologically prepared to the feeding method. Therefore, there will be need to establish an understanding between the hospital caregivers and Sharyn. This will include explaining to the patient everything concerning the procedure including the indication and contraindication. Hospitals will often provide the outlined procedure for the administration of the feeding method and this should be followed to the latter. According to the hospital procedure and ...

1. The Ebola virus is a virus that belongs to the Filoviridae family of viruses. It causes a severe disease that has fatal consequences in the majority of the cases. Ebola appeared in 1976 in Africa when two deadly outbreaks happened. Besides, the Ebola virus is a general name that comprises a few species such as Bundibugyo ebolavirus, Zaire ebolavirus, Sudan ebolavirus, Reston ebolavirus, and Tai Forest ebolavirus, also known by its former name as Cote d’Ivoire ebolavirus (World Health Organization, 2011, p. 3). The majority of these subtypes (4 out of 5) originates from Africa and occurs ...

Efficacy of Ondansetron in oral rehydration

Introduction Ondansetron is a drug that blocks actions of chemicals within the body that can trigger an episode of vomiting or diarrhea (Freedman, 2016). The body has a system of regulating itself and fighting any harmful condition or substance. The medulla oblongata is responsible for the regulation of involuntary actions such as breathing, vomiting, thirst and heart rate. This part of the brain can detect various chemicals and hormones within the blood. When a potentially toxic substance gets detected, the chemoreceptor trigger zone initiates the vomiting process. Ondansetron prevents nausea and vomiting caused by surgical activities or cancer medication. ...

The purpose of this article is to provide simple solutions to digestive disorders that may cause an upset stomach. Bad food has been identified as one of the main causes of digestive disorders and other chronic conditions including celiac disease, irritable bowel syndrome, ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease (Cohen 1). The author has identified four common digestive problems such as constipation, diarrhea and painful cramps, hemorrhoids and heart burn.

Patients who are constipated can also drink aloe vera juice can to normalize their bowel movements.

For patients who suffer from painful cramps and chronic diarrhea, the author has recommended the use of ginger root, which is readily available at the grocery store. Ginger can ...

Surgical Anesthesia

Pharmacology and Indications Licocaine Licocaine is a type of medication used with an aim of numbing tissues and nerves within a given area of the body, which provides that anesthetic effect for the body. The most popular brand names for this particular drug are xylocaine and lignocaine. Some of the common effects associated with this particular medication include drowsiness, muscle twitching, nausea, and confusion (1). The severity of the side effects depends wholly on a patient’s reaction to the chemical composition of the drug. Regarding its mode of action, licocaine works by blocking the voltage-gated Na+ channels, which ...

Introduction

In this paper, the article entitled “Lactobacilli and bifidobacteria in the prevention of Antibiotic-associated diarrhoea and Clostridium difficile diarrhoea in older inpatients (PLACIDE): a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre trial” by Allen, et al., (2013) will be critically reviewed. The article investigates about Antibiotic-associated diarrhoea (AAD) which occurs more often in older patients who are 65 and above and are treated with antibiotics that provide immunity against a wide range of bacterial diseases. Clostridium difficile is a dangerous bacteria which can cause AAD, and it can be very harmful to the patient’s health. The researchers “did a multicentre, ...

Brief information, risk factors and symptoms

Colon cancer, that is also known as colorectal, is a type of cancer that starts from rectum or colon. As any other type of cancer, colon cancer is characterized by uncontrolled growing cells of the body. This type of cancer usually starts with a polyp – a kind of growth on the inner lining of the rectum or colon. However, it is important to know that not all polyps change into cancer, though some of them might do it after several years. The chances that a polyp will become cancer after some, depends on the type of polyps. There are ...

LifeStraw: Science and Technology

LifeStraw is a product developed by the Swiss company Vestergaard Frandsen, which consists of a water filter that removes 99.99% of waterborne bacteria, protozoan parasites and viruses, allowing the user to obtain clean drinking water directly from containers, streams, lakes or other sources of potentially contaminated water. The Oxford Dictionary defines science as the intellectual and practical activity encompassing the systematic study of the structure and behavior of the physical and natural world through observation and experiment. In order to develop the LifeStraw, scientific experiments were conducted to understand the process of water purification and develop an innovative method ...

QUESTION 1: Describe the benefits of sustained and increased investment in reproductive health services globally

Reduced infant motilities: Health sector has tremendously improved over the course of years globally; new methods are being innovated to improve on the provision of services. In this case, there has been persistence in increasing and sustaining investment in the reproductive health services due to the benefits that come with these measures. In the recent past cases of deaths among babies immediately after birth were high. However there has been a drastic decline in reported cases of these infant mortality rates. This is as a result of improved lifestyle, sanitation and sharing important information on how pregnant mothers should ...

Introduction

Recently, worldwide obesity prevalence has been raised rapidly and nearly doubled between 1980 and 2014, however in 2014 more than a half a billion of adult (18 years and older) were obese (11% men and 15% women) (WHO, 2014). Obesity and overweight are defined as excess body fat accumulation that leads to health risks and comorbidities. Adult weight can be classified based on the Body Mass Index. Hence, an individual having a BMI equal to or more than 25 is regarded as being overweight, while a person with a BMI equal to or more than 30 is considered obese ( ...

Background information

The need for clean water for use by humanity has since time immemorial been an area of concern with scientists and scholars inventing methods that prove to be more efficient than their predecessors. The ultimate goal has always been the removal of undesirable chemicals and pathogens that would, however, render the water unfit for human and industrial consumption. In today’s contemporary society, human activity has culminated into pollution of the natural environment including water catchment areas. This has therefore made water unfit for consumption thereby prompting for more cost-effective and efficient methods for purification of this natural resource. ...

Executive summary

It is evident that Malaria remains to be one of the main issues affecting children in Sierra Leone. Essentially, the high child mortality rate resulting from Malaria infections in Sierra Leone has become a critical concern. This position has been reiterated by the National Health Sector Strategic Plan. The organization revealed that Malaria has become both a health, social and economic challenge to the country. In essence, it has been identified that the disease is the primary causative agent of children deaths in the nation. Although there are other diseases that account for children deaths, Malaria still remains a ...

Abstract

Food safety remains a serious issue in public health. Foodborne disease is the main threat to public health. It occurs when food gets contaminated with pathogens and is then ingested into the body. Food contamination occurs when there is a flaw in the food handling process that allows food to get into contact with the pathogens. Many efforts have been made to deal with food contamination. However, the food industry still faces many challenges some of which are emerging challenges. The dairy sectors are one of the sectors in the food industries facing numerous challenges. Nevertheless, it is one ...

E COLI O157

WHAT IS ECO157? Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157 or otherwise known as “EHEC O157” is also called as the “verocytotoxin” which produces “shiga toxin” and the end result is EcO157 (Islam, et al., 2014, p.1). The E coli O157 has been reported as a food-borne pathogen known world-wide. One of the harmful effects of E coli O157 is that it can create hemorrhagic colitis that carries severe sequelae such as the hemolytic uremic syndrome as the product of the “shiga toxin” that came from the organism that can act on the human kidney, intestine and other parenchymatous organs (Islam, et ...

Presenting complaints: This is a presentation of a 14 year old female known as Mary X. who presented with a right side abdominal pain of 6 hours duration (started since 10am). Reason for admission/ History of presenting complaints: Mary’s abdominal pain begins near the belly button with tenderness around the central abdomen. This pain with a dull consistency at onset later increased in severity as it moves towards the right lower abdominal region. The pathophysiology that is associated with this condition is that which is caused by the fecalith blocking the appendix in about 50-80 percent of cases while in the ...

In St. Francisca hospital, the issue of hygiene and cleanliness within and around the hospital’s wards is a factor that needs to be considered. In this case, there are health risks which are associated with the hygiene of the hospital.

The wards are not regularly cleaned. This leads to unhealthy environment in the wards. Nursing becomes an issue as patients would always seize more time to recover. This is because of infection and re-infection with communicable diseases such as common cold, Tuberculosis, among others (Joan, 2010).

The bedding in the wards is not cleaned often. In some ...

Introduction

If a person has sex, they may also have a sexually transmitted disease, with restrained or perceptible signs. Sexually transmitted diseases (STD), also known as venereal diseases (VD), are diseases that transmit significantly between humans through human sexual behavior, containing vaginal intercourse, and other forms. More recently the term sexually transmitted infections (STIs) has begun to be preferred, as it covers a broader range of meaning; an individual may be infected, and may possibly infect others, without having a disease.

Some STDs can also be communicated through the use of IV used drug needles between an infected person and non-infected person, over ...

Nausea and vomiting can indicate the presence of gastrointestinal disorders (GI), metabolic disorders, neurological issues, or adverse reactions to drugs or substance abuse (Arcangelo & Peterson, 2013). Although the exact medical history of HL is unknown, based on the drugs used in the patient’s treatment, it is possible to assume that the patient suffers from hypertension, chest pain, breathing disorders, ulcerative colitis, or hormonal imbalances (Cerner Multum [CM], 2012; CM 2013a; CM 2013b).

Because diarrhea occurs simultaneously with vomiting and nausea, my diagnosis would be viral gastroenteritis, which should resolve spontaneously within five days (Arcangelo & Peterson, 2013). ...

Chapter 4: Prokaryotic Cells and microorganisms

This chapter looks at the morphology, and pathogenic mechanisms of prokaryotic cells and microorganisms respectively. It discusses in detail the structural components, functions of the different organelles of prokaryotic cells as well as feeding and survival mechanisms of prokaryotic microorganisms.

Prokaryotic cells have a specialized cellular structure. Prokaryotes are unicellular and their cells have no cellular organelles, that is, a membrane does not surround their nucleus. These cells contain intricate phospholipids, sterols, and sphingolipids. They are typically 1-5µm in diameter .

Their outer surface is covered by glycocalyx, which is a gel like cellular envelope that provides prokaryotic cells with protection against ...

The initial assumption after hearing about the 20-year-old female patient’s nausea and vomiting is that she had suffered from food intolerance because it is a common occurrence when people eat shellfish (LeBlond, Brown, & DeGowin, 2009). However, it is important to remember that misdiagnosis occurs in 30 – 40 percent of cases in which patients report abdominal pain (Seller & Symons, 2012), so a detailed assessment of the patient’s medical history should be performed, followed by physical examinations and diagnostic tests.

Previous or current pharmacological treatments and information about possible chronic disorders is relevant for reaching the correct diagnosis. ...

Glycosylated Hemoglobin: HgA1c

Glycosylated hemoglobin is formed by the irreversible, non-enzymatic binding of circulating glucose to the amino groups of lysine and valine residues in hemoglobin. It is measured as a ratio of glycosylated hemoglobin to non-glycosylated hemoglobin. The level of HgA1c in erythrocytes depends on the concentration of glucose in blood. When level of blood glucose is high, the rate of glycation is increased, hence more glycosylated hemoglobin. Glycation occurs slowly and over the entire lifespan of the red blood cell, i.e. 90-120 days. Therefore, HbA1c reflects the average level of blood glucose exposed to the red blood cell over the past ...

Part (a)

It is the gradual or rather the progressive decline of one’s intellect-steady and gradual decline. The changes, caused by the progression of the disease are only noticeable after months or even years. It is usually evident in one’s behavior as far as social interactions are concerned. According to Dash and Villemerette-Pitman, “appropriate responses in social situations require normal functioning of the frontal lobes of the brain” and Alzheimer’s gradually impairs the functioning of the frontal lobes causing inappropriate social responses. The most vulnerable group in any given population is the elderly.

The signs and symptoms of the disease include (Dash and Villemarette-Pitman, 2005, p. 21)

- Forgetting things more often ...

Diarrhea and Constipation

There are a lot of pathologies and pathogens that could affect the normal flow of food and absorption in the digestive tract. Two common digestive problems, very common that it could be acquired by almost anyone, are diarrhea and constipation. These two digestive disorders are less severe compared to several cancers that could exist in the digestive system like colon cancer and liver cancer. Thus, diarrhea and constipation are easier to treat—these two are also very much easy to acquire.

As a brief background, Diarrhea is a bowel disorder wherein the classic symptom is an increase in the frequency of bowel ...

Diverticulitis refers to the rupturing of the diverticuli resulting to infection in the tissues that surround the colon. Diverticuli refers to small bulging sacs in the inner wall of the intestine which are as a result of pressure within the colon as a person ages. The sacs are known as diverticulum in singular and diverticuli in plural. Scholars have argued that a lower fiber diet may contribute to the development of diverticuli owing to the fact that the colon has to use more pressure to push the stool forward. Diverticulitis then occurs as a result of faces being trapped on the diverticuli resulting ...

Crohn's Disease (CD): A Historical Background

Crohn’s disease is a persistent inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that may impact any part of the gastrointestinal path, however, normally impacts the ileum (Yamada, 2009). It usually occurs to individuals of age 21 or under (Wilson et al., 2010). The CD may affect the quality of life (Baumgart & Sandborn, 2007; Morrison et al., 2009). It may need surgery (Pihl-Lesnovska et al., 2010). There is a steady global rise in the occurrence of Crohn’s Disease and it represents an increased hospitalization (Gibson, 2009; Morrison et al., 2009; Wilson et al., 2010). In 2009, the CD cases in Australia were ...

Diarrhea in Orissa, India

Introduction India is one of the countries with the largest area in the world. it is also the second-most populous country after China with a population of about 1.23 billion people. The poverty standards in India have remained very high with a number of regions living in slum areas. Orissa, India, is one of the densely populated slums in India, which has a high number of their population living on less than one dollar every day. Research indicates that most of the people prone to air and water borne diseases such as cholera and diarrhea live in poor conditions and use ...

Should Fast Food Be Banned?

Human’s lives have changed over years and the nature of their actions. In these recent years, the cycle of life has become fast and time is almost out of peoples’ hands. The reason behind this fact is the cost of living is becoming higher. People have to work for many hours because nowadays’ life is becoming difficult. Therefore, the way of life must change to keep up with this style of life. Food was one of the main things that got changed because of this matter.New methods offood preparation were created and ways of cooking have changed mostly ...

Heart failure is mostly described as a chronicle disease where the heart is unable to pump the blood sufficiently to the body, with other terms like congestive cardiac failure often been used interchangeably. Some of the symptoms are leg swelling, excessive tiredness and breath shortness. Breath shortage is mostly the worse since lying down and sleeping at night is difficult. Most of the common causes that lead to heart failure are blood pressure, atrial fibrillation and valvular heart disease. These causes lead to failure in functioning of the heart structure mainly due to left ventricular and fain normal ejection fraction. ...

Introduction

While on his way to Hiroshima, it was around 7:30 a.m. when Captain William Parsons inserted the detonator along with the explosive charge into the bomb. It was around 8:16 a.m. (Japanese time) when the bomb exploded in Hiroshima over Dr. Shima’s Clinic. The glowing fireball had a temperature of about 50,000 degrees. Soon after this attack, another major city of Japan was attacked. It was basically the idea of General Leslie Groves, General Farrel and Admiral Purnell to launch two atomic bombs on Japan; the first bomb would demonstrate power and the second would tell the Japanese ...

Analysis of NSAIDs non-selective take (Ibuprofen and Naproxen)

Health impact of many diseases leaves a potential consequence on the quality of life (QOL). The frequency at which such impact occurs could vary from one disease condition to the other. Affected individuals need to encounter physical and psychological distress. However, scientific advancements have made a progress in alleviating such problems. Especially, pharmaceutical science has become a reliable branch to cater the needs of people who suffer from illnesses. Understanding the efficacy and other properties of various drugs is important for the better therapeutic application of pharmacy. In such context, the present description deals with highlighting about Analysis of NSAID take by ...

People know the story of Typhoid Mary. According to newspapers and books written on Mary Mallon, the woman caused a typhoid outbreak in the United States. The outbreak happened in the 1900s and three people, out of the fifty-four Mary infected, died (Brooks 916). Mary Mallon was a cook in many the homes of some of the rich people in those days. In fact, her work at a rich man’s house led to the discovery that she is a carrier of Salmonella Typhi, the bacterium that causes typhoid (Brooks 916). The discovery happened because one of the children in the house tested ...

Bacillus cereus is an endemic Gram-positive bacterium that dwells in the soil. It is rod-shaped, beta hemolytic, as well as a motile. A number of its strains are detrimental to human beings and lead to food borne diseases. Other strains can be helpful as probiotics for animals1. Bacillus cereus causes of fried rice syndrome, since the bacteria are characteristically contracted from fried rice, which has been left for many hours at room temperature2. B. cereus bacteria are facultative anaerobes and can secrete protective endospores just as other genus Bacillus members. Its virulence factors are phospholipase C, as well as cereolysin. ...

Stephen Gould the author of “The Terrifying Normalcy AIDs” tries to explain the magnitude and prevalence of AIDs the society. HIV/AIDS stands for Human Immune Deficiency /Acquired Immune-Deficiency Syndrome. The disease affects the human immune system. It’s a life threatening condition for it makes the body to be unable to fight off most infections that may attack. There is still no cure for HIV/AIDS but there are many remedies that are being used currently to wane the effects of the disease. The emergence of new infections is one of those factors that are making the fight against the disease ...

1. Diagnosis of the disease and justification (1 paragraph) The patient is suffering from constipation. Constipation mostly refers to having bowel movement less than three times per week. Constipation is usually accompanied by hard stools or passing of the stool is difficult. Furthermore, the patient suffering from constipation is experiencing pain while passing stools or he/she may not be able to have a bowel movement after straining for more than 10 minutes. The symptoms of constipation may also be, as a result, of the condition of the feces that changes from the normal or usual feces. Constipation is, therefore, refer ...

Hiroshima

Section One: Hiroshima was an ideal target for the American bombing because the city holds great military importance, “Hiroshima was a city of considerable military importance (HERSEY, P. 66). It comprises of the headquarters of the 5th division and the Field Marshal Hata’s second General Army Headquarters that has commanded the defense of entire southern Japan. Furthermore, the city was also known for communication, “The city was a communications center, a storage point, and an assembly area for troops (HERSEY, P. 66). Furthermore, the city was chosen for bombing as it has not suffered any damage from the previous attacks ...

The aim of the research is to provide a solution to the problems that arise due to the high doses of radiation. Radiation is used in the treatment of diseases that involves the usage of high radiation therapies such as X-rays, CT scans, ultrasound scan and MRI scan. Major radio therapy techniques have led to adverse effects on patients due to the excess dosage of radiation. The research would help to reduce the harmful effects caused by the exposure to radiation by designing radiation protection programs that protect workers, patients and the environment. The newer X ray and CT scan ...

- Drowsy with warm, turgor and dry skin and mucous membrane: The skin also has to be checked in order to detect the presence of sweat as well as the degree of elasticity. With dehydration, the skin loses water and becomes less elastic. - High pulse rate: A person admitting dehydration has an increased pulse rate and the blood pressure drops due to fluid depletion. - Abnormality in degrees of electrolytes: The admitting chemistries indicate abnormality in the electrolytes such as sodium, potassium and chloride. The blood tests are also carried out in order to assess the ...

The purpose of nutrition labelling regulations is to inform the consumer of the nutritional properties of a food item and includes two components: nutritional declaration and supplementary information. The Federal and Drug Administration (FDA) is responsible to ensure that foods sold in the United states, whether produced domestically or from foreign countries are safe, consumable and appropriately labelled. Although regulations are standardized and established, these may change over time. It is the responsibility of for the food industry to stay abreast with the legal food labelling regulations. All regulations are published in Federal register and complied annually in 21 Code ...

Introduction

Legionnaires’ disease was first recognized in 1976 following its breakout in a hotel in Philadelphia housing delegates who had attended American Legion convention (Lynch, Brightman, & Greenberg, 1994). Its causative agent is a bacterium known as Legionella pneumophila (Lynch, Brightman, & Greenberg, 1994). This disease presents with symptoms similar to those associated with pneumonia. Legionella pneumophila also cause another disease known as Pontiac fever (PF). Pontiac fever and Legionnaires’ disease are collectively referred to as legionellosis. According to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2011), crude national incidence rate of legionellosis in the United States increased by 192% from 2000 to 2009.

Etiology/Pathology

Legionella ...

Post-traumatic Stress Disorder is usually described by the American Psychiatric Association as an Emotional disorder which starts from a specific occurrence inducing extensive stress. The disorder is mostly found in victims of the Holocaust, sexual harassment, car accidents and other traumatizing incidents, for instance, combat. The disorder has a very long history. Posttraumatic stress disorder is every now and then considered being a moderately modern diagnosis just because the name made its first appearance in 1980. This is not the case since the history of this disorder has quite a long history. The history of the posttraumatic stress disorder has often been ...

Introduction

Evidently, the recent past has experienced a significant rise in lifestyle diseases, which can be managed adequately by adapting good dietary habits. Worth noting is the fact that dietary fiber plays a crucial role in managing these life style diseases. Speaking of dietary fiber this connotes to bulk or roughage in plant based foods, which cannot be digested or absorbed by the body. As such, fiber in food passes through various parts of the digestive system without undergoing any form of digestion (Abreu et al. 388). Worth noting is the fact that there exists two classes of fiber; soluble and ...

Washing of hands should be made a important aspect of the students college life. The washing of hands will deter the occurrence of chronic diseases that usually affect the students and thus interfere with their learning. This essay paper shows why the washing hands should be each student’s vital focus in their day-to-day lives. The wash your hands activity is going to take place in the campus and its main aim is to encourage the students to engage in the hand washing activities. I intend to bolster the claim that hand washing saves life’s by adding certain ...

Abstract

Innovation has been a topic of great concern to both the firms and the society at large. Through innovation business firms are able to increase its productivity, leading to increased output. Also, the cost of production is significantly reduced through technological innovation. Business firms must develop innovations that will be of great and significant to the society. The the success of the business completely depends on the society in which the business is located; the business firms must also develop innovation which benefits the members of the society. The paper starts by highlighting the thesis statement, it then introduce the ...

A local health department epidemiologist investigated an outbreak of gastrointestinal illness thought to be associated with a college cafeteria. There were many complaints about the quality of the cafeteria’s offerings, and it appeared that the student’s worst expectations were confirmed when several students visited the college’s infirmary during the middle of the night and the following day complaining of nausea, diarrhea, fever, vomiting, and cramps. The health department’s investigation revealed that 24 students had eaten in the cafeteria and the development of active symptoms ranged from 24-36 hours. A list of foods eaten, the number of ...

Colon or colorectal cancer (CRC), as it is commonly known is the second leading cause of cancer associated deaths in the US (National Cancer Institute, 2013). The power point presentation highlights the various evidence based practices that can be presented and used by nurses for the care of CRC patients. The author has also utilized universal nursing language terminology (NIC and NOC) pertinent to management and care of CRC. Nurses can participate in or provide one the following evidence-based practices relevant to care of colorectal cancer patients. These include education, screening, treatment and follow up care. Nurses can ...

Reducing Drug Induced Deaths

During the year 2005, approximately 22m Americans were experiencing alcohol or drug related problem. Around 99% of people who abused substances or drugs were not aware of the problem they were experiencing. 273, 000 people out of those who identified their problem unsuccessfully sought treatment of their identified problems. The problems suffered included domestic violence, homicide, suicide and motor vehicle accidents/ crashes. These incidences emphasize the importance of enhancing measures to prevent and treat substance/ drug abuse and their related disorders. Such measures will improve the safety, health and life quality of the victims. This paper explores the 2020 ...

Introduction

- Discuss New Jersey State health initiatives and their relationship to the DHHS National Prevention Strategy and Healthy People 2020.

List the state-mandated reportable communicable diseases.

Discuss the status of measles cases in the state with accompanying epidemiologic data. Discuss the status of pertussis cases in the state with accompanying epidemiologic data. Explain the Organizational structure of the state’s official public health agency. Present an overview of the state’s immunization program to include discussion of IIS (Immunization Information System). Conclusion Summary - Post of a summary of the paper to the Discussion Board in Blackboard with response to at ...

Law

1a.) The four main components of a contract are: offer, acceptance, consideration and intention of legal consequences. The offer is considered complete if it states in definite terms of the agreement and it must be communicated to the offeree. The offer should not only include any estimation, manifestations of interest, requests for proposals or letters of intent. The offer is different from an invitation to treat such as advertisements and shop displays where the invitation to treat is inviting an offer to be made (Richards, 2009). In this given case, the offer was made through an advertisement in several newspapers ...

Crohn’s disease overview

Crohn’s disease (also called ileitis or enteritis) is a chronic, relapsing–remitting, non-infectious form of bowel disorder that mainly causes inflammation of the digestive tract, and is the general term for diseases that cause swelling in the intestines. This term has replaced older terms that include regional or terminal ileitis and granulomatous colitis; it doesn’t just imply any cause, site, or pathological response. The terminal ileum and the right colon are two sites that are most vulnerable, a close to this pathological disability can negatively influence multiple parts of the body, but this negative effect is connected with ...