Essays on Parasites

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC.gov, 2017), malaria is contracted from the bite from a specific type of mosquito. A dangerous and sometimes fatal disease, symptoms of mild malaria include chills, high fever, and other signs similar to the flu; severe malaria results in organ failure and is a medical emergency. Even though malaria is a serious threat, it is treatable and preventable. There are approximately 1500 cases of malaria diagnosed annually in the United States. Most of the cases originate in people traveling from countries where malaria is present, such as South Asia and ...

ABSTRACT

There are so many things in the world that can make people very sick and in some cases can claim their lives. That being said if there are ways to avoid sickness then it should be embraced. Foodborne illnesses are all too common in modern society. Again, they are very common, but also highly preventable. If businesses and the general public dedicate themselves to greater efforts in food safety then these illnesses would never really be a threat. Understanding foodborne illness better it is best to look at some of the most common sources of foodborne illness, including Salmonella, ...

Introduction

Malaria is caused by a mosquitoes’ bite that carries a Plasmodium parasite. Malaria’s symptoms are: shivering, fever, headache, chills, and sweating malaise. Malaria can turn out to be life threatening to infants, elderly or people with low immunity (Better Health Channel, 2015). Typically, malaria is transmitted through infected Anopheles mosquito’s bite. After the bite, Plasmodium parasite is released into the bloodstream. It takes 2 to 3 days for the parasites inside RBC (red blood cells) to multiply and causes infected cells of the individual to burst open. Malaria can also spread through an infected mother as she ...

Business Ethics

In the United States, drug companies enjoy a high-profit margin. It means that when purchasing different commodities, Americans incur high costs, unlike Canadians or Europeans. The drug industry has been noted as the most profitable sector in the economy in the last two years. The United States drug prices do not indicate a fair and competitive market since they sell only a handful of essential drugs with the aim of establishing a top selling market (Williams, 1985). Pharmaceutical companies have ethical responsibilities that contrast with that of small biotechnology organizations regarding research and innovation. For instance, CV Therapeutic is ...

Dr. Victor Babes and discovery of Babesiosis

Babesiosis also known as piroplasmosis is a tick- borne disease, which is an emerging intra- erythrocytic parasitic infection in human. The parasite first known to affect only cattle but later was found in other mammals as well. The parasite was later found to affect humans as well. The severity of the disease caused by this parasite can range from mild- to moderate- to severe, i.e., causing death by organ failure. Till date approximately 100 species of the Babesia genus has been identified yet only a few has been suggested to be pathogenic in humans. The symptoms more or less ...

Analysis of Diseases

Overview Chikungunya (CHIK) refers to a re-emerging arboviral disease transmitted by the mosquitos Aedes aegypty and Aedes albopictus (Pialoux 318). The virus belongs to the genus Alphavirus and family Togaviridae. The word chikungunya derives from Makonde language (spoken in Tanzania and northern Mozambique), where it means “to walk bent over” (Halstead 557). This name refers to the main feature of both chronic and acute phase of the disease a change in posture causes by the arthritis and arthralgia (Charrel, Lamballerie and Raoult 769).

History

The disease gained its name after the outbreak in Tanganyika, the modern Tanzania in 1952. However, ...

Politics has influenced the US criminal justice system in many ways. As we see now, during the presidential debates, the candidates express their opinions on different controversial issues, such as immigration, death penalty, privatization of prisons, marijuana legalization, and government assistance to the poor. These issues divide political parties and, what is especially important, divide the nation. It is not just about, what should be legal and illegal; it is about morality and interpretations of ethical behavior. As politicians express their attitudes toward these issues, they take one or another side. As a consequence, they are or, more likely, ...

Ivermectin

Abstract Ivermectin is a group of medicinal drugs under the larger group of avermectins. It was first discovered in the early 1970’s and accepted for use in the 1980’s in veterinary medicine applications and later for human conditions treatment. Biosynthesis of ivermectin is done from the primary compound avermectin and was discovered by a group of scientists who were led by Professor Satoshi Omura (Eng). The results of their research were later forwarded to the MSD research laboratories which isolated the compound avermectin from the sampled soil that was studied. Synthesis of avermectin results into eight main ...

Thesis: Modern Biotechnology can be harnessed to improve the global economic welfare in such fields as agricultural production, improvement of production processes and biomedical research.

Introduction

Biotechnology, in its simplest form, can be defined as the type of technologies that are based on biology. In its umbrella meaning, the term refers to the use of cellular and molecular innovations to solve such world problems like food security, development of treatment for illnesses and conducting research with an aim of improving manufacturing processes. Sometimes, biotechnology is used to provide solutions like replacement of energy that is produced using processes that push ...

Scientists, the world over, have a common belief that over 90% of earth’s species have become extinct over the last three billion years that the planet has supported life . It is estimated that there have been at least five mass extinctions spread over millions of years at a time. The latest known mass extinction was towards the end of the Cretaceous period. It is most likely so well known because, the event which occurred over 65 million years ago, caused the end of the dinosaurs. Although in terms of the scale it was smaller than the previous four, ...

Chapter #16:

Question 1. Insect-eating birds will decrease in number since their source of food has been reduced. The birds may also migrate to warmer areas during this period.

Question 2.

The habitat is the specific place where the organism lives e.g. a fish’s habitat is water. On the other hand, niche is the position and the role played by the organism in an ecosystem. It includes how the organism obtain food and shelter, the mode of survival, and the mode of reproduction (Sutton & Anderson, 2009, p. 46). For instance, a lion’s niche in the ecosystem is that of a predator.Question ...

Background information

Malaria, a mosquito borne transmissible disease of both human beings and some animals is a pertinent disease in the 21st century which accounts for more than 650, 000 deaths annually (WHO, 1147). The prevalence of malaria is highest in the tropical and subtropical regions. Adverse effects of the disease is an equally major public health issue that affects maternal and child health. In the developing countries, malaria is a leading cause of maternal and child health. Consequentially, it is a pertinent public health disease. This manuscript offers a succinct analysis of the disease while appraising its causative agents, life ...

1. The production of fish from Aquaculture has become a major business, and it is an important solution to meet the world’s protein demand. It is a process of farming aquatic organisms such as fish, shellfish, aquatic plants, and others. It is the fastest-growing animal food-producing industry grown in the past decade reaching 120 million tons of fish in 2010 that represents around 30% of the world’s protein suppliers. Different species are cultivated through farming including abalone, finfish, crustaceans, mussels, oysters, cockles, clams, and scallops. It is an expanding industry, and it is forecasted to produce 180 ...

Abstract

A lot of demerits are associated with sexual selection in certain animals. Top of the list is the fact that this process has led to the development of certain characteristics which are costly to the carrier even to the point of increased chances of death by predation. This review however weighs the advantages derived from this process of sexual selection against this major argument and tries to point out that the benefits (individual and population benefits) derived from the development of these structures compensates for the cost incurred by its presence.

Introduction

Sexual selection is a special kind of natural ...

[Semester]

Abstract

This is a review of a paper called, “Are Humans the Source of Canine Mange? From the journal Parasites and Vectors. I reviewed the paper and determined that the study was both accurate and sound. The paper hypothesized that humans were the main reason for the spread of Sarcoptes scabiei in dogs and other canines. The results indicated that humans were not the main carriers of Sarcoptes scabiei to dogs and other canines and that further studies should be undertaken.

Are Humans the Initial Source of Canine Mange? Is a journal article written by Valerie Andriantsoanarina, Fang Fang, ...

Abstract

Food safety remains a serious issue in public health. Foodborne disease is the main threat to public health. It occurs when food gets contaminated with pathogens and is then ingested into the body. Food contamination occurs when there is a flaw in the food handling process that allows food to get into contact with the pathogens. Many efforts have been made to deal with food contamination. However, the food industry still faces many challenges some of which are emerging challenges. The dairy sectors are one of the sectors in the food industries facing numerous challenges. Nevertheless, it is one ...

Question 1

Cultural leveling describes how people from different cultures approach each other and try to reach common grounds regarding communication and interaction. This process is evident in Lee’s ethnographic fieldwork. Coming from white society, the researcher exhibited arrogance and considered himself superior, both intellectually and culturally, to the !Kung bushmen. He did this by extending to or cutting off the supply of tobacco from the Bushmen since he was the only source of the commodity in 1000 square miles (Lee). Besides, he neither shared his food with the Bushmen nor participated in their food-gathering activities. For this reason, the ...

Abstract

The current paper talks about TNR (trap-neuter-release) program. It is a program where un-owned free roaming cats are trapped, surgically sterilized, and treated. The sterilization is done to reduce population. Different reviews by different authors on the matter are looked into in this paper. The paper focuses on the different advantages and disadvantages of the process. Despite it being a humane way of controlling free-roaming cats, it is deemed ineffective. The roaming cats pose a public health risk to humans and other animals. They also predate on the wildlife in the environs, such as birds, reptiles, and other small ...

In any balanced ecological system, both the host and the microbial are more often than not controlled by very complex arrays of interaction factors. Even though stochastic and external factors contribute to individuality of the microbiota, important principles that dictate how environmental factors as well as the host genetic factors combine. This combination shapes a complex ecosystem. Nonetheless, moving of certain mammals or vertebrates into different environments on most occasions brings about a host microbial interaction. The movement to some extent has tipped the balance of the ecological system in favor of the microbial parasites (Bates et al., 2006). ...

Crop pest is the main challenge facing farmers who plant crops such as coffee. The main challenge now is to know how one can manage the pests in his or her farm. A pest insect is one that brings harm to animals, crops or any other property (Dent, 2000). In agriculture, a pest is classified as so if it causes damages to both the crops and the animals. Parasites can cause harm to crops and animals in many ways. For this reason, farmers have come up with different ways in which they can manage the level of the crop ...

Introduction

The plasmodium parasite develops in the female anopheles mosquitoes and humans. Infection in humans is associated with the presence of multiple (thousands) of antigens against the parasite in the human body. Throughout the life stages, the parasite is known to change which leads to the production of different antigens. Lately, the parasite had developed different strategies to confuse the human immune system. The life cycle of the malaria parasite takes place in two main stages (hosts): The female Anopheles mosquitoes and humans. In humans it strives in the liver and spreads infection in the red blood cells. The ...

Reflective Statement

Taking the course has brought me to a deeper understanding and appreciation of what nature has given us freely and a realization of what contributions I make in the process of destroying her. It is fascinating to realize that everything we do has an effect on either its preservation or tearing down. This makes our attitude or actions towards her very important and critical because if she is destroyed, its inhabitants will also be destroyed along with her.

The last three months has been like going through an evolution. An evolution of knowing what my lifestyle is contributing to the ...

I liked one topic sentence towards the end of the essay, where you aptly set the focus of the paragraph. Consider this: “Another health risk of eating pork meat is due to its association with many epidemic diseases.” Here, you clearly tell the readers what you would discuss in the paragraph, that is, diseases caused due to eating pork. This supports your view/position against eating pork.

Now, let us consider the last sentence of the introduction as the thesis: “To determine that pork is healthy to eat one must examine the different between pork meat and other ...

Melissa Nasiruddin, Monique Halabi, Alexander Dao, Kyle Chen, and Brandon Brown. ‘Zombies—A Pop Culture Resource for Public Health.’ A Pop Culture Resource for Public Health Awareness - Volume 19, Number 5—May 2013 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/19/5/AD-1905_article.htm 2/10/2013

This article was written by Melissa Nasiruddin, Monique Halabi, Alexander Dao, Kyle Chen, and Brandon Brown. It discusses about the dangers of modifying viruses in the laboratory. They say that when viruses are modified, they can pose a very great threat because they can undergo mutation, multiply then spread at a very faster rate to cause problems to the people. In explaining this point, they use an example of a rabies virus which multiplied and caused zombie to a lot of people. It can be used in a research because it can help in creating public awareness on how dangerous zombie infections can be. ...

Microbial nutrition is essential in the survival and growth of microorganisms. Talaro and Chess considers several factors which are key players in the survivability of microbes in order to adapt or “inhabit all parts of the biosphere.” Among these factors include nutrients, temperature, pH, water availability, atmospheric gases, light, pressure and other organisms inhabiting the earth. Nutrition in essence is that which chemical substance in the form of nutrients are ingested inside the body such that when assimilated leads to the formation of energy to be used for metabolic activities.

Organisms require organic forming compound elements such as ...

Chapter 4: Prokaryotic Cells and microorganisms

This chapter looks at the morphology, and pathogenic mechanisms of prokaryotic cells and microorganisms respectively. It discusses in detail the structural components, functions of the different organelles of prokaryotic cells as well as feeding and survival mechanisms of prokaryotic microorganisms.

Prokaryotic cells have a specialized cellular structure. Prokaryotes are unicellular and their cells have no cellular organelles, that is, a membrane does not surround their nucleus. These cells contain intricate phospholipids, sterols, and sphingolipids. They are typically 1-5µm in diameter .

Their outer surface is covered by glycocalyx, which is a gel like cellular envelope that provides prokaryotic cells with protection against ...

In archeology, DNA analysis has been used as an investigatory tool since it became available to scientists. DNA analysis, which is a constantly developing and expanding field, has allowed archaeologists to precisely and decisively obtain results that solve archaeological, historical, and evolutionary questions. Unfortunately, the methods for using ancient DNA analysis tend to destroy the samples from which the DNA is extracted. The results can easily be affected by external contamination as well, which requires the research to be conducted within specialized laboratories by trained laboratory personnel (Arandjelovic, Guschanski, Schubert, Harris, Thalmann, Siedel, & Vigilant, 2009). DNA analysis has been ...

This paper considers the ecological relationships among organisms in two paintings. While the obvious, mutualistic situations jump out immediately, consideration is given to the potential for other symbiotic types of co-existence. The possibilities are endless. This is not so much because of what is in the paintings, but because of what is missing. What is most amazing about the presence of living things on Earth is the way they depend on and impact one another. If it were possible to use a string to connect living things to one another (based on how they directly or indirectly affect one ...

The beekeeping industry is a very critical sector in US economy. Apart from generating income to both farmers and state, bees are directly involved in crop pollination. Consequently, the problem of declining bee population should not be taken lightly because it has great impacts on economy and livelihood of many farmers. The US Department of Agriculture cites the bee breeding practices as one of the factors responsible for diminishing population of bees. The breeders have depended on a small number of queen mother bees that do not produce saleable queens with desirable traits. To this end, USD has recommended research, development ...

The Party

Hank Rearden’s wedding anniversary party is one of the most insightful episodes in Atlas Shrugged. Firstly, it shows the reader the glaring contrast between the movers and the parasites, through their opinions on the new Equalization of Opportunity bill. Those who are happy, if not think of it as their right, to feed off other people’s efforts, talk about the necessity for such a law. To them, it is based on a superior moral; equality that is a result of altruism. They are heard saying that owning anything private is evil. When Hank, on the other side of the battle, a ...

The Corporation is a documentary film that examines the present-day corporation. The film provides information about the advancement of the current business corporations. The film shows how corporations changed from legal entities that originated as chartered institutes by governments to commercial institutes that are entitled to legal rights of a natural person. The film concentrates on corporations in North America. The core theme of the film is the assessment of a companies as ‘personalities’ following the 1886 case of Santa Clara County v. Southern Pacific Railroad Company, 118 U.S. 394. In deciding the case, the court based its finding on the Fourteenth ...

Introduction

Most of the microorganisms naturally present in the human body are harmless commensals. However, there also exists other disease causing microorganisms known as pathogens and the mechanism by which they cause disease is known as pathogenesis. These pathogens persist or multiply within the host causing infection. Some pathogens like Pseudomonas aeruginosa are considered as opportunistic pathogens that cause disease only in patients with compromised immunity and only under certain conditions. The infectious diseases may be treated with antibiotic drugs. However, it is important to know the different types of pathogens and the virulence factors by which they cause disease ...

Introduction 3

Definition and background 3 Structure and properties of Artemisinin 4 Structure 4 Properties of Artemisinin 5 Synthesis of artemisinin 5 Activation of artemisinin 7 Mechanism of Artemisinin action in the body 8 Side effect 10 Conclusion 10

References 13

- Table of Figures Figure 1: Structure of Artemisinin2 4 Figure 2: A synthetic strategy of chemical synthesis from cyclohexenone. 7,9,10 6 Figure 3: Reductive scission model: Homolytic mechanisms of bioactivation of the endoperoxide bridge of artemisinin and derivatives 8 Figure 4: Proposed mechanism for artemisinin mediated lipid ...

Introduction

Creativity is the gift given to man by nature. Human Creativity knows no bound. Innovative people find inspiration to improve their work in each and everything they observe. Sky is the limit for those with innovativeness. Nature is like a teacher for man, and hence, it is the source of inspiration for flourishing the creativity. Nature is involved in every creative work, may it be art, painting, sculpture, or even architecture. If we observe the world around us, we can find several examples of creative works. If the creative work is to be applied in various fields, the experts are ...

Objective 2

Introduction 2 General background 3 Resistance mutants 4 Hemoglobin mutants 4 Sickle Cell Anemia and Genetics: Background Information 5 Connection of Sickle cell with Malaria 6 Method: 7 Introduction of Recombinant DNA technology in diagnosing disease: 8 Discussion (implementation of recombinant DNA technology to solve the issue) 9 Conclusions 10

References 11

Objective This report targets to study a group of people that has developed resistance to malaria. It will focus on the use of recombinant DNA technology to study this cohort and gain insights into the nature of this observation. This ...

Venice: The City of Tourism

Venice, a city of Italy simply represents a uniqueness and beauty on this planet “Earth”. Tourism is one of its important aspect among other famous cities of the world. Venice city is one of the most beautiful cities on the globe that was founded 1,500 years ago and comprised of 117 different islands. Venice city is a place where one can easily find out different combinations among the ancient world and its designs (structures or construction) and today's advanced and modern designs. Venice is linked with approximately 150 canals and is composed of nearly 400 bridges. This historic and advanced city ...

Introduction

African trypanosomiasis or simply sleeping sickness is a vector-borne parasitic disease. It is also abbreviated as HAT, which stands for Human African trypanosomiasis. Sleeping sickness has two forms, depending on the type of the parasite that caused the infection (WHO, 2014). The first type is Trypanosoma brucei gambiense. It is found in 24 countries in west and central Africa. It accounts for over 98% of the reported cases. It is possible for someone to be infected with this type of the sleeping sickness for long durations without major signs or symptoms. When major symptoms do emerge, the patient would ...

Imogene Thompson

JERSEY COLLEGE SCHOOL OF NURSING THERESA REBOLI Abstract The issue of malaria and its effect on the world is one of grave concern. Many organizations have come together to find ways to eradicate the mosquitoes that cause this deadly disease. Nearly half of the population in the world is at risk of contracting malaria. However, most of the fatal cases of malaria occur in the sub-Saharan Africa, while countries in Latin America, Asia, and the Middle East record a smaller number of deaths from malaria. The statistics are alarming, and with the advance in travels, war, and ...

Essay 1

GENETICALLY ENGINEERED MOSQUITOES COULD BE A VITAL WEAPON AGAINST MALARIA: ECOLOGICAL THINK PERSPECTIVE INTRODUCTION The ecological system continues to experience a number of transformations in so far as environmental wellbeing is concerned. The text can be analyzed and evaluated from the ecological think perspective in so far as nonhuman charisma characterization is concerned. Species can be modified into different forms to the extent that they are able to conform to the modes so desired. Different ecosystems have different species, some of which are very harmful to the existence of other species. Mosquitoes are by far some of the ...

Question 1 (Word Count = 332) Is there a difference in hemoglobin concentration at enrolment between women with detectable peripheral malaria parasites and those without detectable parasites? In order to test whether hemoglobin concentration recorded at enrolment is different in women with detectable peripheral malaria parasite from those without detectable parasites, a Student t-test is required. Using the student, the mean of two samples are compared to determine whether there is any significant difference between the two samples. Analysis of the data for “Hb at enrolment visit” variable and the “Malaria at enrolment” variable was done using SPSS to ...

Abstract

There has been a very big difference between alternative medicine and modern conventional medicine in terms of use, diagnosis treatment and most of all promotion. Alternative medicine has been disadvantaged over the years with lack of promotion because of its basis on beliefs and indigenous knowledge rather than evidence and proof. For this reason, most of its products have been operating in the black market with major implications on conservation of animals such as rhinos and elephants because of rampant poaching activities. However, in the recent past promotion has increased because it is cheaper and readily accessible. Also there has ...

Tuberculosis (TB) is a deadly disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. A resurgence of TB was observed in the United States during 1985-1992; however, the annual TB rate has declined steadily. In 2013, the incidence rate of TB in the US was 3 cases in 100000 and a decrease of 4.2% was registered as compared to 2012. However, the foreign-born and racial minority populations are disproportionately affected by TB in the United States. The disparity in the TB incidence rates among US born persons, foreign born persons, whites and racial/ethnic minority populations makes it impossible to completely eliminate TB from the United ...

[University]

Introduction

There is no doubt that the world’s energy demand today is far greater since the industrial revolution began in the early 1800’s. With most nations embracing industrialization in an unprecedented scale, the search for energy sources is extensive. Some nations even risk the possibility of war just to secure territories known to have fossil fuel deposits. Like what happened between China, Japan and their neighbors in their scuffle for the possession of Senkaku-Diaoyu, an island wherein geological surveys have revealed massive oil and gas reserves . America, unarguably the largest consumer of petroleum products in the world, ...

Filarial worm is a microscopic, thread-like worm that causes lymphatic filariasis or elephantiasis. It is a nematode in the Filariidae family and requires an arthropod and a vertebrate host for a complete life cycle. The spread of the worm form one person to another occurs through mosquito bites. They cycle begins when an infected mosquito introduces a filarial larvae into a human host during a blood meal. In the human body, the larvae develop into an adult and reside mainly in the lymphatics. The adults produce microfilariae that have a nocturnal periodicity and are sheathed. The microfilariae move into lymph, as well as blood channels where it ...

Introduction

Malaria is major life threatening disease, transmitted through mosquitoes and caused by parasites. Plasmodium virus causes malaria in humans. A recent study and WHO Statistics revealed that around 625,000 individuals died because of Malaria in the year 2012. Malaria has affected more than 200 million people in over 75 countries in the past 50 years. The sub-Saharan Africa covering to about 50% of malarial cases alone. DDT (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane) was introduced in the year 1874. The insecticidal properties of DDT was discovered in the year 1935 and has been used worldwide ever since. Many early studies had revealed the ...

INTRODUCTION

American trypanosomiasis (Chagas disease) is caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi that can result in acute inflammatory skin changes (chagomas) and may eventually cause infection and inflammation of many other body tissues. It was first found in Brazil in the year 1909. It is however mainly found in rural parts of Mexico, Central America or South America. The parasites enter the mammalian host through the bug bite, or breaks in the skin, replicate in mammalian cells, and eventually reach other organs through the blood. The disease is also found to be spread from mother to child (congenital). Chagas ...

Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear (CBRN) agents and incidents mean the uncontrolled release of chemical, biological and nuclear agents into the environment or various explosions including the same that cause widespread damage to the environment. They can be used as weapons of mass destruction and can cause severe injury to people’s lives. Chemical, Biological and Nuclear agents are classified as hazardous material. A hazardous material is a substance that because of its physical, chemical or biological nature, they may lead to health, safety and environmental concerns that may require elevated efforts to manage (Auguste, 2003). Chemical, Biological or Nuclear ...

Cadburyoma: A chocoholoma syndrome

Maria suffers from a rare syndrome termed Cadburyoma. It is a disease caused by consumtion of cadburo disease. It initially affects the cardiovascular and gastrointestinal system of the body. Further on when the disease reaches its peak level, neuronal problems arise. Cadburyoma is seen in both males and females and is more prevalent in urban lifestyle.

History

It was first coined by a Lyndon F, a scientist working in the Ohio state university. He observed that patients with Cadburyoma had various cardiovascular problems. He noticed that these patients suffered from varied ailments in the cardiovascular system which included: arrhythmia, angina pectoris, hematoma, valvulitis and ...

English

Hong king has been a country under British rule until the year 1997. In 1997 an agreement was reached to transfer the administration of Hong Kong from the British colonialists to the Chinese. This is the personification of decolonization without independence. The people of Hong Kong did not really get their independence. They just got under new management. The agreement however was that Hong Kong would maintain its original autonomy. The Chinese were not allowed to force their philosophical ideologies of communism under on to the people of Hong Kong. The people of Hong Kong would also maintain their semi ...

Assignment Two

For Introduction to Environmental Studies ESG100A01 BWH Question 1 As a student of Bishop's University, I live on campus, but made the decision to cook for myself thanks to the appropriate settings established in the residence of Paterson. Therefore, all my food supplies originate from the retail store of Provigo, unless I find time to seek for cheaper ones in Sherbrooke. This is why I have decided to meet with the manager of my Provigo store in Lennoxville in order to obtain reliable information on what I consume on a daily basis. Mr. Lafond showed traits ...

Literature review

Measures of preventing malaria in the sub-Saharan region are important perspective as well as an initiative that should be embraced. Owing to the fact that in the sub-Sahara region in Africa has a lot of mosquitoes, and then the possibility to prevent malaria from spreading is an honorable thing. Basing an argument on the global perspective, there is an enormous problem with reference to health as a result of infections with malaria (Okumu, 2011). Taking into consideration the fact that women who are pregnant are prone to getting malaria faster, the use of insecticide-treated bed nets (ITNs) is proposed. It is ...

Malaria is a mosquito-borne infectious disease of human beings as well as other animals that is caused by parasitic protozoans belonging to the genus Plasmodium. This disease is prevalent in tropical as well as subtropical areas in a wide circle around the equator, including a large part of Sub-Saharan Africa, the Americas, and Asia. Even though the agent for P. falciparum malaria has existed for 50,000 to 100,000 years, the population of the parasite did not rise until approximately 10,000 years ago, at the same time with progresses in agriculture (Harper and Armelagos) together with the human settlements ...

Introduction

Although scientists have made tremendous breakthrough in the field of medicine over the last few centuries, infections caused by protozoa, bacteria and virus continue to affect human population (Leonhard, Anabel, Florin-Christensen, and Morrison, 2012). One of such infection caused by protozoa is babesiosis, a disease that affects both human and animals. Protozoa exists in soil and aqueous environments, and their sizes range between 10-50µm. They have continued to cause many sickness, mutilation, death, and debilitation than other similar organisms. Epidemiology is the study of the frequency, causes, and health effects of disease in given populations. The science of epidemiology ...

It is public that malaria was a key factor in changing history of America. We will try to focus on this topic, having in mind Wikipedia sources and book called ``1493: Uncovering the World Columbus Created``, by Charles C. Mann. Mann dedicates attention to the fact that malaria played big role in re-shaping the America`s history as the instant result of European arrival. Nevertheless, in 1493, he shots to malaria, and presents several surprising instances of how malaria have predisposed key happenings in the history of the America, with consequent knock-on special effects on Europe as well. Mann ...

I’m particularly interested in the study of protein localization in parasites belonging to the phylum Apicomplexa. This phylum consists of many parasites that have a great potential to cause serious illnesses in human beings as well as animals.

The plan interested to reveal concrete facts by analyzing the following:

- How do this parasites export proteins from their own cells into strategic positions within their hosts? - What reasons enhance the intra or inter protein transfer? - Which categories of protein are transferable and what are their effects on both the host and the parasite? - What can be done to easily identify the subcellular locations of ...

Introduction

Honeybees which have its origin based in South East Asia came into USA via European settlers in 1600s. Honeybees are extensively used in the US for the production of honey and pollination of a wide-ranging variety of farm grown crops including vegetables, fruits and nuts. But in recent times starting from around 2006, honeybee populations in the US have dwindled by 70% and the afflicted colonies showcase similar uncanny symptoms of a consistent reduction of worker bees. Since the sustenance of hives without worker bees is not possible, eventually all the bees including the queen and brood die. The collapse of ...

Introduction

Trichomonas gallinae causes avian trichomoniasis infection, which is often a lethal disease. The parasite is considered to primarily affect columbiform birds like pigeons and doves, but can affect other wild and domestic birds as well (Stabler, 1954). Diagnosis of the infection can be reliably done by collecting and studying material from the bird’s mouth and crop.

I carefully collected oropharyngeal swabs from the oral cavities of hunter-killed Woodpigeons in eight areas of Norfolk and one area of Suffolk counties in the three months’ time period between April and June. Using sterile cotton swabs, I collected crop swabs from the ...

A pesticide is a contraction that is used to describe various agents, which are categorized based on their ability to kill living beings. These include herbicides, insecticides, as well as fungicides. Even though the utilization of pesticides has duplicated each ten years from 1945, pest destruction to crops is more widespread now than it used to be. Several pests are now resistant to pesticide because of the omnipresent pesticides’ presence in the environment. Residues of chlorinated pesticide are there in the soil, air, and water, with a co-occurrence presence in human beings. Carbamate as well as Organophosphate pesticides, the compounds that ...

Abstract

Trichomonas gallinae, a flagellated protozoan, adversely affects the avian livestock, particularly the columbids. It causes an infection called necrotic ingluvitis and the disease can range from asymptomatic to lethal. The parasite affects the anterior gastrointestinal tract of the bird, forms granulomatous lesions, and blocks the oesophagus, making the bird starve, thus leading to death. The virulence of the strain varies with some strains causing up to 75% mortality. In UK, the infection was first recognized as an emerging infectious disease of British finches in summer of 2005. The sick dead birds exhibited signs of malaise such as lethargy and fluffed-up ...

Climate change and global warming are amongst the gravest challenges that face mankind today. Climate change refers to the significant change in weather pattern distribution over long periods of time. Global warming is one of the manifestations of climate change. Global warming refers to the rising average temperature on the earth’s atmosphere. Climate change and global warming are major concerns because of their negative consequences that adversely affect human life. For instance, scientists have often attributed the emergence of various infectious diseases on climate change and global warming. On this vein, this paper evaluates an editorial by Professor ...