Essays on Mosquito

Public Health

Public Health Today, many diseases, which emerge can be transmitted to a large number of population in different parts of the world. Everyone is vulnerable, even though technology and other health care informatics are evolving every day. However, there are efforts from different professionals in the medical field to address all health concerns and diseases that target the human species. In 2015, the Zika virus disease has been identified as a local transmission in Brazil and continue to spread through different areas of the United States. In the following year, travel-associated cases have been reported to increase. In addition ...

Zika Virus has been an issue of concern for people living or traveling to Miami-Dade County, Florida. Zika Virus is a vector-borne disease that is transmitted by mosquito's bites. In Miami, the transmission has been identified, but the evidence lacks the intensity of the transmission in some areas in Miami. According to Center for Disease Control, Pregnant women are vulnerable and pose to be at high risk of getting Zika Virus compared to other people. The epidemiological distribution of Zika Virus shows that women who traveled in the area of Little River after August 2016 should wait for eight ...

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC.gov, 2017), malaria is contracted from the bite from a specific type of mosquito. A dangerous and sometimes fatal disease, symptoms of mild malaria include chills, high fever, and other signs similar to the flu; severe malaria results in organ failure and is a medical emergency. Even though malaria is a serious threat, it is treatable and preventable. There are approximately 1500 cases of malaria diagnosed annually in the United States. Most of the cases originate in people traveling from countries where malaria is present, such as South Asia and ...

One of the developing African countries challenged with severe health problems and requiring special attention from international organizations is Angola which has been marked by increasingly high levels of malaria incidence. Malaria is considered the main health problem haunting Angola (Schwartz et al., 2001) and this tendency has been persistent for years. The number of deaths caused by the disease has been varying but extremely high – around 21,000 cases in 2012 (UNDP, n/a). Moreover, the disease affected non-Angolan residents during the civil war in the country lasting until the early 2000s: the troops of the UN peacekeeping mission ...

Natural History of Tuberculosis

Zika virus was first isolated in the late 1940s from a sentinel rhesus monkey, Macaca mulatta, in Zika forest, Uganda. The name of the virus is thus associated with its first place of isolation. Later, the virus was recovered from mosquitos and humans in Uganda, Nigeria, the Central African Republic, Senegal, Malaysia, and Cote d’Ivoire. As the years progress, serological surveys continue to confirm the distribution of the virus infection in other countries such Tanzania, Mozambique, Ethiopia, Egypt, India, Thailand, Borneo, Democratic Republic of Congo, Cameroon, Liberia, Vietnam, and the United States. Today, Zika virus infection, at times ...

Introduction

Zika virus also termed as ZIKV is a known to have gained worldwide attention, especially in the USA, South East Asia, and Australia. The Zika belongs to the Flaviviridae family which comes under the genus Flavivirus (Wikan & Smith. 2016). The Zika virus is spread though day time mosquitoes belonging to the Aedes family. Some of the most common mosquitoes to contain and spread Zika include A. aegypti and A. albopictus. The name of Zika originated in 1947 where it was first isolated from the Zika forest in Uganda. Based on evidence, the Zika virus was associated with varying viral ...

The single-celled parasite, Plasmodium falciparum, causes malaria, was responsible for 214 million cases and 438,000 deaths globally in 2015, of which 88% of cases and 90% of deaths occurred in sub-Saharan Africa. The morphology of P. falciparum is characterized by numerous rings (young trophozoites) and the absence of mature trophozoites and schizonts. In a P. falciparum blood smear, multiple infected erythrocytes appear more often than in other species and the rings of the parasite in the blood smear tend to be smaller than other species. Distinctive crescent-shaped gametocytes appear late in the infection. In vitro cultivation of P. ...

Introduction

Malaria is caused by a mosquitoes’ bite that carries a Plasmodium parasite. Malaria’s symptoms are: shivering, fever, headache, chills, and sweating malaise. Malaria can turn out to be life threatening to infants, elderly or people with low immunity (Better Health Channel, 2015). Typically, malaria is transmitted through infected Anopheles mosquito’s bite. After the bite, Plasmodium parasite is released into the bloodstream. It takes 2 to 3 days for the parasites inside RBC (red blood cells) to multiply and causes infected cells of the individual to burst open. Malaria can also spread through an infected mother as she ...

Mosquitoes, as tiny as they are, cause adverse effects on the human population ranging from diseases, deaths, economic fluctuations and losses. Dealing with the mosquito-caused diseases is costly since a lot of money is a necessity to fund the eradication projects. Some of the deadly diseases that a single mosquito can lead to are malaria, elephantiasis, dengue and the new Zika virus. Although some of the diseases, for example, the dengue disease have vaccines, it is bad that some of them like Zika, Malaria and Elephantiasis have no vaccines so far. Besides, the Zika virus threat is bad for ...

The Nurse’s Role during an Infectious or Communicable Disease Outbreak

Nurses have a crucial role in the management of all forms of diseases in a hospital setting. However, there are instances when they are called upon to the field to apply their expertise in managing the spread of the diseases at the community level through clinical interventions such as vaccinations. Nurses are very important human resource personnel in the health sector, and thus there is the need to recognize their efforts in making the world a better place. The paper shall discus the study a pattern of a communicable disease and the role of nurses in managing its outbreak ...

The current paper critically evaluates the research work based on the negative impact of Zika Virus on the physical conditions of people. The purpose of the paper is to develop an understanding of Zika Virus by appraising and critiquing its effects and water pollution on the players who will be coming to Rio, Brazil for Summer Olympic Games. The research paper will make use of the social contract theory that explains that individuals’ ethical and opinionated responsibilities are dependent on the agreement or conformity to the social order in which they exist. There are hundreds of athletic players expected ...

Of the many medical ailments we are meant to watch out for today, the Zika Virus is the newest on our radar. It is dangerous to individuals and unborn babies, and is overrun in many regions of the world. People are at risk because they often do not know the signs, or even how the virus is transmitted. They are also unaware of how to get tested for the virus, this leaving them at risk to transmit the virus to others. It has allowed the virus to become a serious issue in many places around the work. The population ...

In the 1940’s, scientists in Uganda discovered a breathtakingly beautiful forest on the edge of Lake Victoria, near Entebbe. The Zika Forest, originally spelled Ziika meaning “overgrown” in the local language, proved to be a valuable resource to virologists studying all varieties of disease (Kron, 2016). The Uganda Virus Research Institute (UVRI) of Entebbe established a protection program for the forest in order to maintain a satellite location for extended research studies. Research here in 1947 revealed the first detection of its namesake, the Zika virus (Aggarwal et al, 2016). Initially isolated in a Rhesus monkey, the Zika ...

Introduction

The Zika virus causes an illness known as Zika virus disease (Zika). The transmission of Zika virus occurs via the bite of an Aedes mosquito that is infected (CDC, 2016). Zika belongs to the genre Flavivirus and the WHO (2015) has identified it as “an emerging mosquito-borne virus.” The virus causes a mild illness that lasts a few days to a week (CDC, 2016; WHO, 2016). Thus, many people with the disease do not seek medical help. However, the greatest concern associated with Zika is microcephaly. This birth defect results from a Zika infection during pregnancy. This defect is ...

Analysis of Diseases

Overview Chikungunya (CHIK) refers to a re-emerging arboviral disease transmitted by the mosquitos Aedes aegypty and Aedes albopictus (Pialoux 318). The virus belongs to the genus Alphavirus and family Togaviridae. The word chikungunya derives from Makonde language (spoken in Tanzania and northern Mozambique), where it means “to walk bent over” (Halstead 557). This name refers to the main feature of both chronic and acute phase of the disease a change in posture causes by the arthritis and arthralgia (Charrel, Lamballerie and Raoult 769).

History

The disease gained its name after the outbreak in Tanganyika, the modern Tanzania in 1952. However, ...

Introduction

Zika is a mildly infectious viral disease whose main mode of transmission is the chomp of an Aedes species mosquito that is already infected with the virus. The mosquitoes exist in two types, Aedes aegypti, and Aedes albopictus . Emergence and spread of the virus are accredited to the Zika forest which is located in Uganda. The disease was first discovered here in 1947. The initial infections on the human species were reported in 1952 in some parts of South East Asia and Topical Africa. Since the time the disease was first reported, minimal cases have been recorded to date ...

Campaign name

The campaign name is Beware of ZIKA. Context - Zika fever/disease is the result of Zika virus that spreads primarily after getting bitten by an infected mosquito of Aedes species (CDC). - Common symptoms of Zika disease are rash, joint pain, conjunctivitis and fever (CDC). - The illness tends to be mild in nature, but the symptoms can last for weeks after getting bitten (CDC). - Infection of Zika virus during pregnancy can lead to serious birth defects called microcephaly, or it can also cause severe defects to the fetal brain (CDC). - In 1947, the virus was first ...

Recently, a new viral infection known as Zika has been throwing the world into a state of panic. Though the Zika disease presents as mild symptoms such as rash, red eyes, fever, and joint pain, it is especially feared because it causes microcephaly and other developmental defects in infants. The Zika virus spreads through contact with the Aedes aegypti mosquito, and pregnant women are considered vulnerable because of the risk to their unborn children. Therefore, the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) has put out an advisory against travel to the areas where the virus is currently spreading, including large ...

Zika virus is name after the Zika Forest of Uganda, where it was first originated in 1947 during the course of a rigorous search for yellow fever virus under a collaborative project funded by the Rockefeller Foundation and British Government . The virus was derived from both a rhesus monkey and also from a group of Aedes africanus mosquitoes. The spread of Zika virus in the US was first corroborated in February, 2014, on Easter Island. In the following year, nearly 16 patients from the states of Bahia and Rio Grande do Nortei n Brazil were diagnosed as positive for ...

Background information

Malaria, a mosquito borne transmissible disease of both human beings and some animals is a pertinent disease in the 21st century which accounts for more than 650, 000 deaths annually (WHO, 1147). The prevalence of malaria is highest in the tropical and subtropical regions. Adverse effects of the disease is an equally major public health issue that affects maternal and child health. In the developing countries, malaria is a leading cause of maternal and child health. Consequentially, it is a pertinent public health disease. This manuscript offers a succinct analysis of the disease while appraising its causative agents, life ...

Executive summary

It is evident that Malaria remains to be one of the main issues affecting children in Sierra Leone. Essentially, the high child mortality rate resulting from Malaria infections in Sierra Leone has become a critical concern. This position has been reiterated by the National Health Sector Strategic Plan. The organization revealed that Malaria has become both a health, social and economic challenge to the country. In essence, it has been identified that the disease is the primary causative agent of children deaths in the nation. Although there are other diseases that account for children deaths, Malaria still remains a ...

Overtime, infectious diseases have been responsible for massive outbreaks of diseases resulting in numerous deaths. In the contemporary world, infectious diseases are still responsible for numerous documented deaths while simultaneously increasing the global burden of disease. Among the numerous infectious diseases with a high disease burden is the recently rediscovered Zika virus. This manuscript thus offers a succinct analysis of the presented infectious disease. Inferences are drawn from a recently published article which the contextual issue. Among the issues appraised in this manuscript are the correlation between the disease’s causal agents, the susceptible individuals and the relevant environmental ...

Rainfall is available to everyone in most areas of the planet. In the tropical rain forests for example, the main source of rain as many are taught in high school, is the rain forest: therefore the more the forest coverage, the more the rain. If the forest cover were to diminish for a particular reason, say natural processes, then the amount of rainfall will reduce consequently and recover during another season: and if the reduction of forest over reduced to excessive logging, then the problem persists until action is taken to control the logging. The rainfall in this case ...

The rising cases of Zika virus infections around the world is an issue of concern among health stakeholders. According to McNeil et al. (2016), The W.H.O has declared the virus to be an international public health issue because the virus has significant effects on the development unborn babies. It is being feared that by the end of the year 2016, about four million people will be infected with the Zika virus globally. These have prompted the health experts at the Centre for Disease Control and Prevention in the US to persuade expectant mothers not to visit countries that have ...

Dengue fever is one of the famous mosquito-borne human viral disease globally that is a public health emergency. This virus is transmitted through a bite from a female mosquito with the virus predominantly mosquitoes from the Aedes aegypti and A. albopictus species. It has become widespread reaching hyper-endemic magnitudes in urban and semi-urban tropics, and the dengue virus causes Dengue Fever. This condition affects infants, children, and even adults meaning nearly half of the population is at risk of this condition. Moreover, Several people are suffering from it always recover without any further issues because the fatality rate is ...

Article in the scientist by Kerry Grens on Zika virus on February, 19th 2016 The article elaborates on how the zika virus is transmitted amongst pregnant women and it gives an example who two women who have experienced zika virus while they were pregnant and their babies were treated with microcephaly (Kerry, 2016). The articles go ahead to explain how the virus can cross the placental barrier to infect the foetus in the womb. Apart from microcephaly, the article also elaborates how researchers are also trying to establish the relationship between zika virus and the Guilain-Barre syndrome especially in ...

History of dengue

Dengue is described by the World Health Organization (n.d.) as a fast emerging pandemic viral disease with worldwide prevalence. The viral disease was initially traced to the epidemics in Java and in Egypt in 1779. Some literatures trace back the virus and its vectorsto the Chin Dynasty. It was hypothesized that the disease occured in the Western hemisphere in the midddle of the 17th century and believed to originate from tropical America. However, some researchers would point out that the accounts of dengue outbreaks were traced back during the 18th and 19th century in Southeast Asia.The dengue outbreaks in ...

Introduction

The plasmodium parasite develops in the female anopheles mosquitoes and humans. Infection in humans is associated with the presence of multiple (thousands) of antigens against the parasite in the human body. Throughout the life stages, the parasite is known to change which leads to the production of different antigens. Lately, the parasite had developed different strategies to confuse the human immune system. The life cycle of the malaria parasite takes place in two main stages (hosts): The female Anopheles mosquitoes and humans. In humans it strives in the liver and spreads infection in the red blood cells. The ...

Emergency situation occurs when hazards threaten the safety and well-being of the community. Ironically, hazards exist around us, and there are always risks that these hazards escalate to a level where emergency situation needs to be declared. Without proper management, emergency situation can escalate to a disaster. The idea of emergency preparedness is to prevent hazard from threatening the community, and responding to an emergency situation so that disaster can be prevented.

New York City is home of more than 8 million people, and this city is not immune to hazards. In fact, the city officials recognize 12 hazards consisting of ...

Question 1 Rewriting Memo

Employee safety is a prime concern of ChemConcepts, and the company is following guidelines and legislation for this purpose. The company needs a well-defined policy for handling of chemicals and materials as well. The purpose of this policy is to ensure the safe handling and storage of chemicals that are flammable or volatile. In the past, no clear policy has been drawn. In last meeting on November, 3rd, it was decided to draw clear procedures for the handling of materials. Now another meeting in sequence of the issue has been called on November, 28 from 1:00-5:00. In this meeting issue of ...

The “bottom billion” refers to the poorest people in the world and not necessarily countries. Although they may be concentrated in the poorest countries in the world, especially in Africa, they are also found in many developing countries across especially across the globe. These people suffer from many problems as a result of their country’s situation apparently because the country itself is so poor and cannot provide itself with requirements for survival ; the kind of aid it is receiving simply is not appropriate and is thus not working ; it is ravaged by war and similar problems ; or, poor governance ...

1. Observation and background information One of the major agents of global environmental change is deforestation. Deforestation is a consequence of land use change which is often affected by both biophysical and socioeconomic factors. Human decisions heavily influence land use in response to global markets. Geist and Lambin (143) noted that tropical forests are disappearing because of pressures coming from both local and regional scale having synergistic effects in different parts of the world. Human activities such as agricultural expansion, human population dynamics and agricultural policies have direct and indirect impact on forest cover change. Deforestation in the ...

The project that entailed in my voluntary service for the community group was cleaning the community environments. It entailed a ten-hour service voluntary to the community. I collected all the litter it the community environment and disposed of the garbage collection center. I made phone calls to the garbage collection centers to empty the litter. In my efforts to keep the environment, green I planted flowers in house compounds. Flower gardens that had been neglected I made efforts in trimming them and making them look presentable. The sanitation in the neighborhood had blocked and producing a foul smell. Some areas of ...

Objective 2

Introduction 2 General background 3 Resistance mutants 4 Hemoglobin mutants 4 Sickle Cell Anemia and Genetics: Background Information 5 Connection of Sickle cell with Malaria 6 Method: 7 Introduction of Recombinant DNA technology in diagnosing disease: 8 Discussion (implementation of recombinant DNA technology to solve the issue) 9 Conclusions 10

References 11

Objective This report targets to study a group of people that has developed resistance to malaria. It will focus on the use of recombinant DNA technology to study this cohort and gain insights into the nature of this observation. This ...

The live music piece I attended took place in a music hall. It was brightly lit, and of ample size, with a stage that allotted for more than what was necessary for the small amount of players, ranging from brass to woodwind instruments. The audience was quiet and respectful, though it appeared that they shared the same responses as I did, ranging from contemplative to irritated, throughout the piece. The audience, as well as myself, were dressed in casually formal attire, as if we were attending a school recital or a semi-fancy restaurant. They did not seem generally enthused by the piece of ...

Imogene Thompson

JERSEY COLLEGE SCHOOL OF NURSING THERESA REBOLI Abstract The issue of malaria and its effect on the world is one of grave concern. Many organizations have come together to find ways to eradicate the mosquitoes that cause this deadly disease. Nearly half of the population in the world is at risk of contracting malaria. However, most of the fatal cases of malaria occur in the sub-Saharan Africa, while countries in Latin America, Asia, and the Middle East record a smaller number of deaths from malaria. The statistics are alarming, and with the advance in travels, war, and ...

Asepsis

Microorganisms are the tiny microscopic structures that cannot be seen with naked eyes. They are present on all the living things and also in the environment. Some of these microorganisms are non pathogenic that is they do not cause any disease. However, many of the microorganisms are pathogenic in nature. The pathogenic microorganisms can cause disease or infections. Absence of these pathogenic microorganisms is known as asepsis.

Importance of asepsis

Asepsis is usually carried out in the laboratory mostly while dealing with microorganisms. The techniques used to carry out asepsis are known as aseptic techniques. If aseptic conditions are not maintained in ...

Question I A

The main argument of the One Health concept is that there is no real separation between human health, animal health and the environment. This statement sounds so ambiguous but explicit dissection of the statement reveals that it is not as complex as it sounds. First, One health refers to a collaborative effort of a variety of disciplines that work locally, nationally as well as internationally to achieve optimum health for three primary elements, people, animals and finally the environment. The one health campaign argues that the health of humans that of animals and that of the environment are all interrelated. When ...

Amongst the innumerable columns and works written and published by the renowned National sportswriter Rick Reilly, “Nothing but Nets” is an unconventional article written by this veteran sportswriter that was first published in Sports Illustrated in 2006. In this article, Reilly throws light upon the severity of the disease malaria and the number of children in Africa who are victims to this deadly disease. The usage of mosquito nets acts as a source of prevention of this disease. Reilly targets an intended audience who are passionate about sports in specific but his article also appeals to any person who wants ...

Yellow fever is a classic viral hemorrhagic fever and is an example of diseases of antiquity. It was first described in 1667 in Barbados. The name of the disease is derived from the appearance of those infected (usually a yellow tinted skin). It was earlier called as Yellow Jack because jaundice is a prominent sign in severe cases. Devastating epidemics of yellow fever were prevalent in the Americas, Europe and Africa from the seventeenth to the twentieth century. The mortality rate for yellow fever is about 20% (Narins 2003).

Cause

Yellow fever virus belongs to the genus Flavivirus (Family: Flaviviridae) and is the ...

Filarial worm is a microscopic, thread-like worm that causes lymphatic filariasis or elephantiasis. It is a nematode in the Filariidae family and requires an arthropod and a vertebrate host for a complete life cycle. The spread of the worm form one person to another occurs through mosquito bites. They cycle begins when an infected mosquito introduces a filarial larvae into a human host during a blood meal. In the human body, the larvae develop into an adult and reside mainly in the lymphatics. The adults produce microfilariae that have a nocturnal periodicity and are sheathed. The microfilariae move into lymph, as well as blood channels where it ...

"Every morning was a cheerful invitation to make my life of equal simplicity, and I may say innocence, with Nature herself. I have been as sincere a worshipper of Aurora as the Greeks. I got up early and bathed in the pond; that was a religious exercise, and one of the best things which I did. They say that characters were engraven on the bathing tub of King Tching-thang to this effect: "Renew thyself completely each day; do it again, and again, and forever again." I can understand that. Morning brings back the heroic ages. I was as much affected by the ...

Introduction

The insecticide DDT (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane) has been very successfully used for many years in the prevention and control programmes of malaria all around the world. However, it is one of the drugs that has been facing an immense level of controversy since its discovery back in the year 1874 (Casman and Hadi 17). It has been previously banned for human use, then reaccepted for continued use and still its survival is not guaranteed. Generally, DDT is an organochlorine insecticide that has been used as a pesticide for pests and insect control in the United States until it was banned in 1972 ...

Malaria is a mosquito-borne infectious disease of human beings as well as other animals that is caused by parasitic protozoans belonging to the genus Plasmodium. This disease is prevalent in tropical as well as subtropical areas in a wide circle around the equator, including a large part of Sub-Saharan Africa, the Americas, and Asia. Even though the agent for P. falciparum malaria has existed for 50,000 to 100,000 years, the population of the parasite did not rise until approximately 10,000 years ago, at the same time with progresses in agriculture (Harper and Armelagos) together with the human settlements ...

It is public that malaria was a key factor in changing history of America. We will try to focus on this topic, having in mind Wikipedia sources and book called ``1493: Uncovering the World Columbus Created``, by Charles C. Mann. Mann dedicates attention to the fact that malaria played big role in re-shaping the America`s history as the instant result of European arrival. Nevertheless, in 1493, he shots to malaria, and presents several surprising instances of how malaria have predisposed key happenings in the history of the America, with consequent knock-on special effects on Europe as well. Mann ...

Ans 1: Natural Selection may occur in any organism population and affect the individuals. Considering the natural selection of the Beetles, they face a constant struggle to survive and reproduce; however due to the gene called allele that differentiates the color, they overcome this drawback and evolve again. The frequency of the allele changes as the population evolves. Green beetles have a green allele or green and a brown allele, and brown beetles have brown alleles. Suppose the island on which the beetles evolve is affected by drought, and in this dry environment the brown beetles are better disguised than the green ...

1.0 Introduction Malaria is a devastating public health problem in Benin and is the principal cause of mortality and morbidity among children under five. The annual malaria mortality in Benin is more than 1000. In addition, it is an enormous economic burden to households in Benin with many households spending up to 25% of their income on prevention and treatment of the disease. Given that in Benin, a person can contract the disease an average of 3-6 times every year, the direct and indirect economic implication of malaria is enormous. As matter of fact, Malaria is endemic in Benin and ...

Introduction

Social entrepreneurship is business concept in which the entrepreneurs engages in the innovation or creating products in the market while eat the same considering the social responsibility as well as the welfare of the people. It mainly concerns the social responsibility of the people in the society. The foundation or the basic principles of the social business are different with the normal business goal that mainly aims at profit maximization other than social responsibility. Social entrepreneurship therefore involves the social business where the main goal is the social welfare or philanthropic rather than profit maximization. The non-profit making organizations ...

1.0 Description of the article The paper will review an article published in the emerging infectious diseases journal on “Reduced Efficacy of Insecticide-Treated Nets (ITN) and Indoor Residual Spraying (IRS) for Malaria Control in Pyrethroid Resistance Area, Benin”. The study compared the effectiveness of pyrethroid insecticides used in ITN and IRS in two villages, Ladji and Malanville. In most of the malaria-endemic African countries, including Benin, ITN and IRS are the principal methods used in preventing malaria through vector control. In the two vector control methods, pyrethroid has been the preferred insecticides in the last decade due to ...

BIO 204 101 13S

Abstract For many years, human beings have continued to suffer from diseases, both the kind caused by their own bodies as their age degenerated and the kind caused by infectious pathogens. During this time, human beings have constantly developed new ways of eating and living, and actual genetic or physical changes have evolved with the aim of minimizing the impacts of these diseases. This paper seeks to examine the issues of societal/cultural changes, the origins of human diseases and bioterrorism. This includes examining historical societal/cultural changes for human evolution are responsible in transmission of diseases to human beings ...

INTRODUCTION

A communicable (or an infectious) disease is one that is transmitted only by a specific kind of contact. A path is usually followed when it comes to the spread and transmission of pathogens from one person to another. The link has stages that include: - Etiological agent- it is an infectious agent that can be any microorganism that can be capable of producing an infection. - Susceptible host- or also known as a non-immune is an individual who has little or no resistance against a disease organism and if exposed is liable to contract the disease. - Portal of ...

Dengue fever is an infectious disease found in the tropics and caused by the dengue virus. It is a febrile illness which is potentially fatal. It is caused by the mosquito transmitted viruses. There are four known serotypes, namely; Dengue virus1 ( DENV-1), Dengue virus 2 (DENV-2), Dengue virus 3( DENV-3) and Dengue virus 4 (DENV-4). It is also known as the break bone disease. Dengue is a major public health problem, the global incidence and severity is on the increase, due to urbanization, overpopulation and global warming. It is now endemic in more than a hundred countries in the world. It was ...

Public Health Strategies to Improve Snakebite Treatment

There are over 3,000 species of snakes in the world; most bite, 600 are poisonous; some 200 are medically important (World Health Organization). In 1954, Swaroop and Grab published the most comprehensive analysis to date of the global distribution and prevalence of snakebites. By their own admission, their data represented but a rough estimate of the worldwide prevalence of snakebites; nevertheless, the magnitude of the snakebite problem in certain areas of the world was immediately apparent to the World Health Organization. The highest figures reported were for Asia, followed by those for South America. Later research (Gutierrez, 2010; ...

INTRODUCTION

Lack of access to health care systems is believed to be a major cause of the high mortality rates, within all age groups in the world today. The case is true for children as it is for adults. It is also very evident among the poor lot. Although each state has put in place policies to enhance easy access of health systems, some factors such as race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status and education cause a constraint to the access to this health care systems and facilities. Unaffordability of health insurance is also an obstacle that many people have to overcome in order ...

The temperate climate of South Florida provides a suitable environment for a large variety of plants and animals in the area (Kras, 2009). Its unique water habitat provides a home for many reptiles and other endangered species such as the manatee, the Florida panther and the wood stork. In addition, most of the wading birds are endangered and need to be preserved.

Birds

According to Kras (2009), more than 360 species of birds exist or visit the Everglades. Some of this includes wading birds, of which currently about 90 to 95 percent have disappeared. This is because of construction of dikes and poor ...

Abstract

Plasmodium falciparum is the parasite responsible for the deadly disease, malaria. The parasite is transmitted through the injection of sporozoites into the human blood stream. These sporozoites are transported in the blood stream to the liver. The sporozoites invade the hepatocytes and differentiate into merozoites. The merozoites invade the RBCs of the host; starting the blood stage of infection. The trophozoite stage ingests and degrades approximately 80% of the hemoglobin in the host cell. The hemoglobin is broken down into peptides due to enzymatic action by a metalloprotease and cysteine and aspartic proteases. Haematin is first released as a byproduct of ...

Introduction

There are a lot of entities that might have been the cause of a lot of deaths in the past years and it is the researchers and the scientists’ responsibility to determine what entities might have caused it. One entity that might have caused the deaths of these people is different diseases that are most likely transmitted via an insect or any other host (MLER, 2011). There are already a lot of issues that researchers and experts are discussing about this particular microbe. To better understand this paper, a brief overview about Wolbachia and vector borne diseases is necessary. Wolbachia is a bacterium ...

List of the Animals

Characteristics of the animals listed above that classify them in Kingdom animalia

i. All eight are multicellular organisms

ii. Their cells contain cell membrane with no cell walls

iii. All eight are heterotrophic

iv. All eight can locomote

v. All eight are made up of Eukaryotic cells (Rao & Kaur, 2007)

Similar characteristics of a cheetah and an Impala

They are homeotherms in that their warm blooded

They are eutherians depicted by internal fertilization and the possession of placenta

Their bodies are covered with fur or hair ...

Introduction

Malaria is a key public health predicament and cause of much distress and untimely death in the poorer areas of tropical Africa, Asia and Latin America. In many endemic areas it is becoming increasingly complex to control because of the resistance of the parasite to anti- malarial drugs and the failure of vector control measures. Malaria is mainly caused by plasmodium species of the Coccidia family of Parasites. The most pathogenic species of the plasmodium species is plasmodium falciparum which is responsible for almost 90% of malarial infections in the world. The Coccidia are intracellular parasites that reproduce asexually by a ...